Pittsburgh City Nature Challenge: Fungi

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Pittsburgh City Nature Challenge: Fungi Features to capture in photographs What are fungi? What to document Fungi are incredibly diverse and complex Upper surface (cap) organisms that digest their food outside of their Because of the diversity of forms mushrooms take “body” in order to ingest nutrients. They are most on and the physical similarities that different noticeable when they produce their reproductive species can have with each other, carefully structures, known as mushrooms. documenting as many details as possible helps Stem get the best possible identification. Where to look: Fungi can be found almost everywhere, but often © Fluff Berger Pluteus cervinus In spring, the most common types of fungi readily go unnoticed. Forested areas, parks, or gardens found are jelly, crust, cup, shelf, and cap and stem provide great habitat for fungi. Check fallen logs fungi. Photographs of any mushroom will be most or branches, mulch or woodchips, mossy useful if the mushroom fills the frame and is in Lower surface with gills areas, and along streams or creeks. focus. Types of common spring mushrooms: For cap and stem mushrooms and shelf Jelly Fungi Crust Fungi mushrooms, capturing photos of both the upper and lower surface is very helpful. The lower surface is also called the fertile surface and is where microscopic spores develop and are © Fluff Berger Pluteus cervinus released. The photos to the left show important features to highlight in your own observations. Exidia crenata © Fluff Berger Xylobolus frustulatus © Judy Mackenroth Lower surface with pores Other characteristics to note include: • What the mushroom was growing on (soil, Cup Fungi Shelf Fungi wood, etc.) • What tree species are present in the area • Any noticeable odors the mushroom has • The color of the mushroom's spores “en masse”, usually determined through a spore print (most useful for mushrooms that have gills) Sarcoscypha sp © Julie Travaglini Trametes versicolor © Richard Jacob © Walt Sturgeon Neofavolus alveolaris Other Common Spring Mushrooms: Cerioporus squamosus (Dryad’s saddle), Stereum ostrea (false turkey tail), Coprinellus micaceous (mica cap), Trametes cinnabarina (Northern cinnabar polypore),Scizophyllum commune (splitgill mushroom), Morchella americana (yellow morel), Galerina marginata (funeral bell).

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2016-03 Medicinal Mushrooms, Dr. Dodds Article on Seniors
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