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A Study of the Fishes of Utah' Fine Blac H Setae 154 Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters [Vol. XIII, this s uct e is blackish color except for a whitish strip on the inner margins of the aps. The tips of the elytra are rather flexible and bent down as in Fig. 5. The a are above and extend beyond the posterior segments of the abdi en. 71' • • Omen is similar to the elytra in color, covered with A Study of the Fishes of Utah' fine blac h setae. Tt are blackish with short thick whitish setae. The anterior t si of five segmen segments simple, the claws short and al- By VASCO M. TANNER most conce d in the whitish setae e distal segment. Length 4.2 mm. Type N 40 in the author's collectio the Brigham Young University. Type l c. ty: This species was collected writer, in the Raft River Contents Mountains flea the Utah-Idaho State Line, about two les from the Herford Ranger Station, uric 7, 1928. Introduction ................................................................................................ 155 Professor F (1917) pointed out that Microlip longicollis (Mots.) and Classification of Utah Fishes ................................................................ 156 M. mocrens (Lec possessed appendiculate elytra the males; specimens of Key to the Families ........................................................................... 157 these species have en studied, but the structures e found to be very differ. Key to the Genera and Species of Native Fishes ................... 158 ent to utahensis as h e described. Specimens of thespecies of Pseudebaens Illustrations ....................................................................................... 161, 178 have been studied, bu the prolonged lytral ti do not correspond as closely Distributional List of Native Species of Utah Fishes ................... 161 as species of illicrob to the for in q on. Most of the species of List of Species that Have Been Introduced into Utah Streams .. 172 Malachius are before m nd such spe • aS orni and auritus possess elytral Summary 173 structures that are neares to those found in ahensis. Bibliography 173 This species may be iarated from sely related species as follows: Elytra structures 1 e, (Figs. 2 body uniform, bluish - black in color. utahensis Introduction It is the purpose of this paper to bring together, as far as possible, all mi-izeave,0-,.. that is known about the native fish fauna of .Utah. Since so many people are becoming interested in fishing and the life of the out of doors, an attempt has been made to provide information about all the native species of fishes and make available as complete a bibliography on the subject as possible. It is hoped that a more detailed study will be made of the cultural problems in our state and that the investigations begun by the Federal Bureau of Fisheries and our State Department of Fish and Game will be continued. It is important that this be done since habitat and faunal changes have already brought about many unfavorable conditions for the development of our fisheries. The bal- ance of nature as it was seventy-five years ago has been greatly modified, and will continue to be so in the future as man develops his irrigation projects, changes the watersheds by grazing of live-stock, lumbering, and with fires, 2 and by the development of new lakes and the draining of the old ones. It is important that we have some of the facts, in this connection, as to the past and the present conditions in order that the problems of the future may be more adequately dealt with. Many of the most desirable native species which were so abundant when the Pioneers came are probably gone forever, like- wise many of the streams and lakes have been completely changed in their production of fish food. This means that we must continue to make a scien- tific study of this entire situation. A study of the bibliography in this paper shows that many students of the fishes have made contributions to our knowledge of the Utah fauna. A brief review of the early collectors and publications may be of interest as tell as of value. 4 Father Escalante (1776) and Captain Fremont (1844) were probably the tirst white men to fish in Utah waters and note their findings. The first ..xplanation of Figures of Malachius utahensis rties to collect fish for scientific purposes were those conducted by Lieut. Fig. I. Ant na of Male. ,G. Beckwith and Lieut. J. W. Gunnison (1859) and Captain J. H. Simpson Fig. 2. Si view of elytra and the appendages. b—flaps. h—horn. 1876). These parties collected the fauna and the flora of this western Fig. 3. A erior aspect of elytral structures. ' Contribution No. 39 from the Zoological Laboratories of the Brigham Young Uni- Fig. 4. tidal aspect of elytral structure. versity Fig. 5. etracted ventral tips of elytra. Provo, Utah. 155 157 156 Utah Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters [Vol. XIII, 1936] Tanner: A Study of the Fishes of Utah country, providing material for papers on Utah fish by Professors Baird and Key to the Families Girard. The untiring efforts of Campbell Carrington and C. M. Dawes, naturalists A. Ventral fins inserted well back on the abdomen, their origins barely of the Hayden Surveys, brought to light many new species which were de- if at all reached by the tops of the pectoral fins, or ventral fins scribed by Professor E. D. Cope. Mr. A. P. Rockwell (1874) contributed a wanting. , short paper on the native fish of Utah. B. Body more or less completely covered with scales. The most complete and noteworthy study on the fish of Utah now extent is the one by Professor E. D. Cope and Dr. H. C. Yarrow (1875). This re- C. Ventral fins present. port is based upon a collection made in central and southern Utah by Dr. Yarrow and Mr. H. \V. Henshaw, naturalists of the Wheeler Survey. In this E. Adipose fin present. treatise 22 species are listed, many of which are described as new. F. Dorsal fin moderate, with 9 to 15 rays. Dr. David Starr Jordan and his students. Dr. B. W. Evennann, and Pro- fessor J. 0. Snyder have contributed to the knowledge of Utah ichthyology. (I) Family Salmonidae, Trout and White-fish.p. 161 Dr. Jordan's first visit was in 18.1 and again in 1889, at which times several new species were found. In 1915 Professor Snyder visited Bear Lake and EE. No adipose fin. obtained specimens of three species of endemic white-fish which he later de- scribed (1919). G. Dorsal fin with ten or more rays without spines; Practically all of the above-mentioned collections, in so far as they are in no barbels; body usually cylindrical. existence, are in the National Museum Collection, Washington, D. C. This (2) Family Catostomidae; The Suckers ............. p. 165 paper is based upon a collection which is probably one of the largest of Utah GG. Dorsal fin with 9 or more rays without a serrate fish, other than the one in the National Museum. The writer has collected 17 to 21 Utah fish for many years, and this has been augmented by specimens obtained spine (native species); or dorsal fin with by the Zoological Expeditions sent out by the Brigham Young University dur- rays, and a serrate spine (introduced species); ing the past ten years. barbels present or absent; body often somewhat compressed. I am indebted to the late Dr. David Starr Jordan for his suggestions and Family Cyprinidae, Minnows and Carp. p. 168 advice in connection with the study of Utah fishes, also for his assistance in (3) Family Medidae, Desert Minnows p 171 procuring literature on the subject. It was through DT. Jordan's kindness that (4). the writer obtained many valuable books on ichthyology from the library of BB. Body without scales; adipose fin usually and barbels always his son, Eric Knight Jordan. Dr. Carl L. Hubbs has also kindly studied many present. of the species of this report. Finally, many zoology students of the Brigham Young University have studied and collected the fishes of Utah which has con- Family Siluridae, the Catfish. (Introduced). tributed much to the knowledge of our fauna. AA. Ventral fins inserted well forward, their origins quite near the Classification of Utah Fishes origins of the pectoral fins; anterior portion of the dorsal fin al- ways with spines. This systematic arrangement of the families, genera and species is pre- scales, which are regularly sented for those who are not trained in ichthyology. The average individual H. Body well covered with knows nothing about the general classification of the fishes. This state of arranged; anal fin with spines. affairs may be improved if those who use this study will spend a little time I. Dorsal fin single, the spinous and soft portions with the keys to the families, genera and species. always united. The fishes belong to a major group of animals known as vertebrates be- cause they possess a spinal column made up of bones called vertebrae. The Family Centrarchidae, Sunfish and Bass. (In- fishes belong to the first of five classes of vertebrates, known a Pisces. All troduced). - the Utah species are easily recogni:ed if they are studied in connection with the cuts, keys and discussions. II. Dorsal fins two, the spinous and soft dorsals (See Plate I, Figs. 1 and 2.) completely separated or just touching the base. "The various technical terms used in the keys have been greatly reduced in number and with the use of the outline drawings, used to illustrate the Family Percidae, Perch. (Introduced). principal external features of a fish, all the terms should be understood. The 25 native species of this state belong to 5 different families.
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