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Native Catfishes of Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico

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ISSN Printed: 0034-7744 ISSN digital: 2215-2075 Morphometry and meristics of two species of Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), native catfishes of Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico Gorgonio Ruiz-Campos1*, Alejandro Varela-Romero2, David Ceseña-Gallegos1, Carlos Alonso Ballesteros-Córdova1,2 & Sergio Sánchez-Gonzáles3 1. Colección Ictiológica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California. Carretera Transpeninsular Ensenada-Tijuana No. 3917, Colonia Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México, 22860; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2. Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de la Universidad de Sonora, Boulevard Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n, Hermosillo, Sonora, México, 83000; [email protected] 3. Facultad de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán, Sinaloa, México, 80010; [email protected] * Correspondence Received 13-VIII-2019. Corrected 27-II-2020. Accepted 04-III-2020. ABSTRACT. Introduction: Morphotypes of native catfish of the genus Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae) are known to occur in allopatry in the northern Sierra Madre Occidental of Mexico, with only the Yaqui catfish (Ictalurus pricei) taxonomically described. Recent genetic analysis of these morphotypes has revealed the monophyly of the I. pricei complex, which indicates Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River basins as its nearest genetic relative and recognizes as an evolutionarily significant unit the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River morphotypes. Objective: To compare the meristic and morphometric characteristics of the catfish of the Culiacán River basin with its nearest genetic relative, the Yaqui catfish, in order to determine the presence of distinctive morphological characters that support genetic evidence previously reported for these morphotypes. Methods: Catfish specimens were collected during various field expeditions (1990-2012) to remote sites of the Sierra Madre Occidental and conducted in the Yaqui River and Culiacán River basins with the purpose of morphological comparison. Forty-five morphological characters (40 morphometric and five meristic) were examined in 76 adult specimens – 52 Ictalurus sp. and 24 Ictalurus pricei. Three groups were subject to a discriminant function analysis (DFA), including two Ictalurus sp. groups from the Humaya River and Tamazula River sub-basins, representing the Culiacán River basin, and one I. pricei group representing the Yaqui River basin. The standardized measurements and meristic data of the catfish morphotypes were compared by means of DFA. Results: The DFA revealed 12 characters to be significantly different (P < 0.01) among the groups compared. The morphological characters separating the Ictalurus sp. (Culiacán River basin) from the Yaqui catfish were associated with lower anal, pelvic and pectoral fin ray numbers, shorter head and predorsal lengths, shorter longest lateral barbel and longest dorsal ray lengths and a narrower premaxilar dentary plate; and finally longer distances in Ictalurus sp. for dorsal-fin origin to last anal-fin ray base and dorsal-fin origin to posterior end of the adipose fin base. The standardized coefficients for canonical variables 1 and 2 accounted for 85.6 % and 14.4 % of the total variation, respectively. Conclusions: The distinctive morphological characters of the Ictalurus sp. found in the Culiacán River basin, combined with the known mitochondrial evidence for this morphotype, identify it as an evolutionarily significant unit that requires description as a new species based on taxonomical protocols. Key words: morphometrics, meristics, Río Culiacán catfish, evolutionarily significant unit, northwestern Mexico. Ruiz-Campos, G., Varela-Romero, A., Ceseña-Gallegos, D., Ballesteros-Córdova, C.A., & Sánchez-Gonzáles, S. (2020). Morphometry and meristics of two species of Ictalurus (Siluriformes: Ictaluridae), native catfishes of Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 68(2), 479-491. Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.) Vol. 68(2): 479-491, June 2020 479 The family Ictaluridae, or North American MATERIAL AND METHODS catfish, contains 51 nominal species, of which 29 and 10 taxa belong to the genera Noturus Study area: The study area includes the and Ictalurus, respectively (Page et al., 2013). Culiacán River and Yaqui River basins in the Several morphotypes of native Ictalurus catfish SMO (Fig. 1), across the states of Durango, are present in the northern Sierra Madre Occi- Sinaloa and Chihuahua. The Culiacán River dental (SMO), Mexico (Hendrickson, 1983; basin provides drainage to a surface area of 2 Varela-Romero, 2007; Varela-Romero, Hen- 19 150 km in the states of Durango, Sinaloa and Chihuahua, along with the Humaya (11 363 drickson, Yepiz-Plascencia, Brooks & Neely, km2) and Tamazula (3 657 km2) sub-basins. For 2011). Of these, only the Yaqui catfish (Icta- the purposes of the present study, we consid- lurus pricei) from the Yaqui, Mayo, Sonora, ered the Humaya and Tamazula sub-basins as Fuerte, and Casas Grandes river basins (Hen- hydrological and physiographically different drickson, Minckley, Miller, Siebert & Minck- in their middle and upper sections, in which ley, 1980; Miller, Minckley, & Norris, 2005) large artificial reservoirs (the Adolfo López has been formally described (Rutter, 1896; Mateos and Sanalona reservoirs, respectively) Miller et al., 2005). have been built for agricultural irrigation in The presence of native catfish in the north- the Culiacán coastal valley. The hot sub-humid ern SMO was first reported by Rutter (1896), climate in the Culiacán River basin is charac- who described a new species from the Yaqui terized by rains in the summer and an annual River basin, Villarius pricei (currently known average temperature of 12-24 °C and annual as Ictalurus pricei), based on specimens cap- mean precipitation above 600 mm (Arriaga et tured in the San Bernardino creek just south al., 2000). The Yaqui River basin comprises of the international border with Arizona, USA. an area of 71 452 km2, providing drainage to Several authors (e.g. Hendrickson et al., 1980; the states of Sonora (74 %) and Chihuahua (21 Miller et al., 2005; Varela-Romero et al., 2011) %) in Mexico, and Arizona, in the USA (5 %) have referred to the presence of at least one (Cruz-Medina & García-Páez, 2008), while its undescribed allopatric species of the genus climate is controlled regionally by means of its Ictalurus inhabiting the drainages south of the latitudinal position, physical size, altitude, and Fuerte River basin. Recently, based on analysis distance to the sea. Most of the basin comprises of mitochondrial DNA of catfish from north- extra-tropical drylands with a band of extra- western México, Ballesteros-Córdova et al. tropical highlands that follow the SMO. The (2015) identified the monophyly of the Yaqui annual mean temperature along the coast and catfish (Ictalurus pricei) complex, including the basin inland is above 25 °C, while this is Ictalurus sp. from the allopatric populations less than 15 °C in the plateau areas (Hendrick- of the Culiacán River and San Lorenzo River son et al., 1980). basins, as its nearest genetic relative. In support of the recently presented genet- Fish sampling: The catfish specimens ic evidence supporting the recognition of the were collected during various field expeditions Ictalurus sp. from the Culiacán River basin as (1990-2012) to remote sites in the SMO, in the an evolutionarily significant unit (Ballesteros- states of Chihuahua, Sinaloa and Durango, with Córdova et al., 2015), we postulate that this access to which made difficult and risky by morphotype might represent a new species the presence of drug traffickers (Fig. 1, Digital based on morphological characters that distin- Appendix 1). Sampling was carried out in two guish it from its nearest genetic relative, the sub-basins of the Culiacán River (the Humaya Yaqui catfish, both of which present an allopat- and Tamazula sub-basins) and one sub-basin of ric distribution in the SMO. the Yaqui River (the Sirupa-Tutuaca sub-basin). 480 Rev. Biol. Trop. (Int. J. Trop. Biol.) Vol. 68(2): 479-491, June 2020 Specimens were captured using AC Smith- morphometric analysis comprised 40 somatic Root 15-B POW electrofishing equipment, distances (Fig. 2A, Fig. 2B, Digital Appen- hooks and lines, and cast nets. In the field, dix 2) following Hubbs and Lagler (1958), the recently captured specimens were photo- Bookstein et al. (1985), and Ruiz-Campos, graphed for the description of their live/fresh Lozano-Vilano and García-Ramírez (2009). All coloration, after which fin tissue clips of each linear measurements were made in millimeters specimen were taken and preserved in 95 (mm) along the left side of each specimen % non-denatured ethanol. All the specimens using a digital caliper (precision, 0.01 mm) were fixed in 10 % formalin, preserved in 70 connected to a PC. % ethanol, and finally donated to the fish col- A scatterplot was used to perform an lections of the Universidad Autónoma de Baja exploratory analysis of the relationship between California (UABC), the Universidad de Sonora the standard length and each morphometric (USON) and the Texas Natural History Collec- character (length and width measurements) tions (TNHC) at the University of Texas. of the examined specimens. This procedure enabled the detection of any aberrant or incon- Morphological comparison: Fifty-two sistent data in the body measurements. Ictalurus sp. specimens (Culiacán
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