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Poverty Reduction Through Improved Agricultural Water Management

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Poverty Reduction through Improved Agricultural Water Management Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003 Waqar A. Jehangir and Intizar Hussain, editors International Water Management Institute IWMI receives its principle funding from 58 governments, private foundations and international and regional organizations known as Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). Support is also given by the Governments of Ghana, Pakistan, South Africa, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Editors: Waqar A. Jehangir is Senior Agricultural Economist at IWMI, Lahore, and Intizar Hussain is Senior Economist at IWMI-HQ, Colombo, Sri Lanka. Jehangir, W. A.; Hussain, I. (Eds.). 2004. Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management: Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia, Islamabad, Pakistan, 23- 24 April 2003. Lahore, Pakistan: International Water Management Institute. Special thanks are due to Ms. Ayesha Bhatti, and Mr. Tabraiz Ahmad and Ms. Saiqa Batool for editing and formatting this report, respectively. / poverty / water management / irrigated farming / farmers / agriculture / irrigation systems / food security / water supply / rural development / drought / performance / research methods / households / income / forest policy / environment / villages / organizations / institutions / natural disasters / water resources / land ownership / water development / groundwater / water market / water balance / legislation / tube wells / methodology / intervention / institutional development / crop production / wages / economic aspects / tillage / water harvesting / public policy / surface water / dams / labor / exports / public sector / Asia / Pakistan / Indus basin ISBN: 92 9090 555 7 Copyright © 2004, by IWMI. All rights reserved. Please direct inquiries and comments to: [email protected] or IWMI 12 KM, Multan Road, Chowk Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 53700, Pakistan. CONTENTS Foreword…………………………………………………………………………………………vii Inaugural Session…………………………………………………………………………………..1 Welcome Address………………………………………………………………………………….3 Introduction of the Workshop Intizar Hussain……………………………………………………………………………………..5 Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture of Pakistan Marshuk Ali Shah …………………………………………………...………………….………….7 Address by the Chief Guest Sikandar Iqbal Bosan …………………………………………………………………………….11 Vote of Thanks Waqar A. Jehangir…………………………………………………………………….…………..13 Technical Session I: Irrigation and Poverty Linkages…………………………………………….15 Poverty and Irrigated Agriculture Zafar Altaf………………………………………………………………………………………...17 Approaches to Poverty Alleviation in Rural Pakistan Intizar Hussain……………………………………………………………………………………23 Poverty across Districts in Irrigated Punjab, Pakistan Waqar A. Jehangir, Intizar Hussain, Muhammad Ashfaq and Muhammad Mudasser…………………………………………………………………………….……………31 Poverty in Pakistan: trends and Issues Muhammad Ashfaq, Waqar, A. Jehangir, Intizar Hussain and Muhammad Mudasser……………………………………………………………………………...…………..47 Technical Session II: irrigation System Performance and Poverty……………………………….59 Combating Poverty through Farm Level water Management Mushtaq A. Gill………………………………………………………………………………………………61 Poverty across Various Canal Commands in Irrigated Punjab, Pakistan: Issues and Options Muhammad Mudasser, Waqar A. Jehangir, Intizar Hussain and Muhammad Ashfaq……………71 Pro-poor Irrigation Management Interventions in Punjab, Pakistan: Issues and Option Israr ul Haq……………………………………………………………………………………….89 Technical Session III: Approaches to Poverty Alleviation………………………………………..99 Determinants of Poverty Khalid Mahmood khan……………………………………………………………………………101 v Poverty Trends in the 1990s & Poverty Reduction Strategy for Pakistan Mushtaq A. Khan & Noshin Hussain……………………………………………………………109 Knowledge, Approaches and Practices in Poverty Alleviation Khadija Khan and Moiz Ali……………………………………………………………………...123 Poverty among Farming Community in Marginal Areas of Punjab Munawar Hussain………………………………………………………………………………..137 Forest Policies for Sustainable development and Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan Abid Qaiym Suleri……………………………………………………………………………….145 Technical Session IV: Pro-poor Interventions in Irrigated Agriculture…………………………161 Water for Agriculture and Future Conservation Strategies in the Indus Basin Zakir Hussain……………………………………………………………………………………163 Rural Development and Poverty Nexus Muhammad Aslam Khan………………………………………………………………………..179 Poverty Issues and Policies for its Alleviation: A Need to Redirect the Focus of Planning Strategies Mehboob Elahi……………………………………………………………………………………..205 Social Mobilization – Ameans for Reduction of Poverty Muhammad Amjad Saqib………………………………………………………………………..221 Targeting Food Security: Rudcing Poverty through irrigated Agriculture Asad Sarwar Qureshi and Mujeeb Akhtar……………………………………………………….227 Mitigating the Effects of Drought through traditional and Modern Water Supply Systems in Balochistan Virginia Appell and M. Saleem Baluch………………………………………………………….241 Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture: A Case Study on NRSP Rashid Bajwa………………………………………………………………………………………261 Closing Session…………………………………………………………………………………..271 Recommendations of Discussion Groups………………………………………………………..273 Annex.……………………………………………………………………………………………275 Participants List………………………………………………………………………………….277 vi FOREWORD In order to address the poverty issues in irrigated areas, a six-country project on ‘Pro- poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia’ was initiated by IWMI in 2001 with the financial assistance of the Asian Development Bank. The main objective of this project was to promote and catalyze equitable economic growth in rural areas through pro-poor irrigation interventions in the participating Developing Member Countries (DMCs) (including Bangladesh, People’s Republic of China, India, Indonesia, Pakistan, and Vietnam). The immediate objective was to determine what could realistically be done to improve the returns to poor farmers in the low-productivity irrigated areas within the context of improving the overall performance and sustainability of the established irrigation schemes. The study focused on selected representative low-productivity irrigated areas and their peripheries with a large number of people under persistent poverty in the participating DMCs. The emphasis was on identifying and assessing a set of appropriate economic, financial, institutional, governance, and technical interventions at field and system levels, and changes in overall policy and institutional framework as far as they affect access to water resources for the poor in selected representative low-productivity irrigated areas. This volume presents the proceedings of the regional workshop of the project held in Islamabad, Pakistan on 21-22 April 2003. This two-day workshop was organized to share the project key findings of Pakistan component to obtain input and views of the audience on the project outcome and identify key practical actions for developing guidelines. The workshop comprised technical sessions and group discussions, leading to recommendations, while the sequence of papers in this volume is organized into four technical sessions: (i) irrigation and poverty linkages; (ii) irrigation system performance and poverty; (iii) approaches to poverty alleviation; and (iv) pro-poor interventions in irrigated agriculture. Participants of the workshop included State Minister for Agriculture, Government of Pakistan, 34 policy makers, 27 practitioners, 31 researchers, 23 representatives of NGOs, and 22 high officials from different donor agencies. Speakers shared the key findings and messages with the participants, and finally, practical solutions of the problems and implementing guidelines were thrashed out in the discussion session. Taking the advantage of the presence of a large number of water experts, poverty specialists, policy makers and practitioners, two working groups were formulated to discuss a range of widely felt pro-poor issues and prepare guidelines and recommendations for policy makers, managers and farmers for providing a sustainable solution to the poverty issues in irrigated areas of the country. The report of these working groups is assembled in the latter part of the book. Dr. Zhongping Zhu Director, IWMI-Pakistan vii INAUGURAL SESSION WELCOME ADDRESS Asad Sarwar Qureshi1 The Honorable Chief Guest, State Minister for Agriculture, Government of Pakistan, Mr. Sikandar Iqbal Bosan; Country Director, Asian Development Bank, Mr. Marshuk Ali Shah; Senior Economist, IWMI-Colombo, Dr. Intizar Hussain; Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen. It is indeed a matter of great pleasure for me to welcome you all to this highly significant and important workshop on ‘Pro-poor intervention strategies in irrigated agriculture in Asia’. I am grateful to you, Sir, for sparing your precious time, despite your heavy official engagements, to inaugurate this workshop. Your presence amongst us is a source of great encouragement and demonstrates the importance, which the present government attaches to poverty alleviation programs in the country. Your valuable advice and guidance would certainly provide food for thought on how to deal with the increasing trends of poverty in South Asia in general and Pakistan in particular. I extend my warm welcome to the distinguished engineers, scientists, representatives of donor agencies, members of NGOs and other guests who
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