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The Trichoptera Fauna of Ulupınar Stream and Its Relationship With Turkish Journal of Water Science & Management ISSN: 2536 474X / e-ISSN: 2564-7334 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Research Article The Trichoptera Fauna of Ulupınar Stream and Its Relationship Case Study with Water Quality The Feasibility Study to Improve the Efficiency of Municipal Ulupınar Çayı’nın TrichopteraWater FaunasıSupply ve Su Kalitesi ile İlişkisi Kentsel Su Temininin VerimliliğininAynur Kayan Artırılmasına* İlişkin Fizibilite Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, ÇalışmasıTurkey [email protected] (https://orcid.org/0000 -0002-9653-5506) Mehmet Can Güçlü1Received*, Burak EkinciDate: 130.10.2020,, Aslıhan Korkmaz Accepted1, Yusuf Date: Başaran08.12.20201, Yakup Karaaslan1, Serdar Aldemir2, Ayhan Türkoğlu2, Ali Serindağ2, Jose Alberto Colıno Fernandez3, Kerem Ar4, Baki Ülgen2, Bilal Dikmen1, Bekir Pakdemirli5 1 Abstract Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, General Directorate of Water Management, 06510, In this study it was aimed to determineYenimahalle the Trichoptera-Ankara/Turke fauna andy water quality of Ulupınar Stream which is [email protected] important tourism destination of Antalya (https://orcid.org/0000, based on physicochemical-0002-9347 parameters.-3573), In recent years, this [email protected] was adversely affected by intensive (https://orcid.org/0000 agriculture, farming-0003- 0981and domestic-5321), wastes and was [email protected] to various pollutants. Seasonal analyses (https://orcid.org/0000 of physicochemical-0002 parameters-5983-6748) and sampling, of organisms [email protected] to the order Trichoptera (https://orcid.org/0000were carried out from- 0002six stations-6662-3265 selected), between [email protected] 2015 and June 2016. 6 families, 10 genera (https://orcid.org/0000 and 21 species belonging-0001-8993 to- 4order771) ,Trichoptera were [email protected]. Similarities between the sampling (https://orcid.org/0000 points were clustered-0002 by-8333 using-5310) Unweighted Pair 2 Group MethodMuğla with Water Arithmetic and Sewerage Mean. Administration,As a result of the48050, Unweighted Menteşe- Muğla/TurkeyPair Group Method with Arithmetic [email protected] analysis, the 4th and 6th sampling (https://orcid.org/0000 point (85%) were-0002 the-6681 most- 0140)similar, to each other. [email protected] Principal Component Analysis (https://orcid.org/0000 was used to determine-0002-2075 the- 231X)factors, ali.serindag@muskicaused the pollution..gov.tr The Principal(https://orcid.org/0000 Component Analysis-0002-3283 was-2181) applied, [email protected] to only physicochemical (https://orcid.org/0000 data sets resulted -in0003 three- principal components accounting for a cumulative1564-2332) variance of 80.9% of for Ulupınar Stream. 3 Keywords: Trichoptera,TYPSA, 28703, Ulupınar San S ebastiánStream, waterde los quality, Reyes-Madrid/Spain principle component analysis [email protected] (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7191-2221) 4 DOLSAR Mühendislik, 06530,Öz Çankaya-Ankara/Turkey [email protected] (https://orcid.org/0000 -0001-7048-3392) Bu çalışmada Antalya’nın5Ministry of önemliAgriculture bir turizm and Forestry, bölgesi olan 06800, Ulupınar Çankaya Çayı'nın-Ankara/Turkey Trichoptera faunası ve su kalitesinin [email protected] parametrelere göre belirlenmesi (https://orcid.org/0000 amaçlanmıştır.-0002 Son-0336 yıllarda-0613) bu çay yoğun tarım, çiftçilik faaliyetlerindenReceived veDate: evsel 02.06.2020, atıklardan Accepted olumsuz Date:etkilenmiş 16.10.2020 ve çeşitli kirletici maddelere maruz kalmıştır. Fizikokimyasal parametrelerin mevsimsel analizleri ve Trichoptera takımına ait organizmaların örneklenmesi Kasım 2015 ile Haziran 2016 tarihleri arasında seçilen altı istasyondan gerçekleştirildi. Trichoptera takımına ait 6 familya,Abstract 10 cins ve 21 tür tespit edildi. Örnekleme noktaları arasındaki benzerlikler Aritmetik Ortalamalı Ağırlıksız Çift Grup Yöntemi kullanılarak Thekümelenmiştir. feasibility study Aritmetik was designed Ortalamalı to Ağırlıksızassess water Çift efficiency Grup Yöntemi in municipal analizinin water bir supply sonucu systems. olarak, 4.The ve total6. örnekleme amount ofnoktaları produced (85%) and distributedbirbirine en water çok wasbenzeyen 14,184,650 istasyon m 3olmuştur. in 2018 forKirliliğe 79,296 neden people olan in Marmaris.faktörleri belirlemekNonetheless, için the Temel volume Bileşen of billed Analizi water waskullanıldı. only 8,131,491 Yalnızca m fizikokimyasal3; therefore, the verinon -setlerinerevenue wateruygulanan percent Temel was 42.7%Bileşen involv Analizi,ing unbilledUlupınar author Çayı'nınized 80,9%'unun consumption kümülatif (5.1%), physical varyansını losses oluşturan (28.9%), üç andana administrativebileşene neden lossesolmuştur. (8.7%). According to projections, water demand including the losses was 14,184,650Anahtar m3 in 2018,kelimeler: and is Trichoptera, expected to Ulupınarincrease toÇayı, 22,204,429 su kalitesi, m3 temelin the bileşenwithout analizi-project scenario whereas it would reach 19,852,469 m3 in the with-project scenario by the year 2038. Consequently, five measures were proposed; establishing district metered areas and pressure management areas, infrastructure development, updating and extending Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition Systems, and other complementary measures to improve the efficiency of the water supply system. * Corresponding author 59 1 1 Aynur Kayan / Turkish JournalTurkish of Journal Water ofScience Water &Science Management & Management 5 (1) (2021) / 59 - 79 ISSN: 2536 474X / e-ISSN: 2564-7334 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 Introduction In many countries, the need for water increases while unpolluted water resources are decreasing as a result of the deterioration of usable water resources with various factors. Due to this situation, various policies were developed to ensure the correct use and protection of natural resources both in our country and in other world states. The EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) implemented by the member states of the European Union (EU) is one of these directives. According to WFD, benthic macroinvertebrates are considered as one of the most important indicators. Pauls et al. (2008) stated that among the important benthic macroinvertebrates living in streams, members of order Trichoptera are used as a biological monitoring tool in determining water quality. When sedimentation, industrial pollution, mining and agriculture, sewage waste, acid rains accumulate on the water surface, these organisms are damaged (Graf et al., 2008). Order Trichoptera are represented approximately with 49 families, 616 genera and 14.548 species in the world (Morse, 2011). Order Trichoptera are represented by 22 families, 461 species and 39 subspecies in Turkey (Darılmaz & Salur, 2015; Küçükbasmacı & Kıyak, 2017; Sipahiler, 2018a). In Turkey, as well as various faunistic studies were conducted to uncover the Trichoptera fauna, in ecological-based studies, the members of this order have been widely investigated as biological indicators. (Çakın, 1983; Darılmaz & Salur, 2015). Ulupınar Stream, chosen as a study area, is flowed between Olimpos and Çıralı Bays in Antalya. Since the stream is flowed into the intensive tourism areas, many places such as pensions and restaurants are encountered on the stream or its edges. This study aims to determine species of Trichoptera fauna of Ulupınar Stream, to determine the water quality used by physicochemical parameters and to examine the relationships between physicochemical parameters and Trichoptera species. Method Study Area Ulupınar Stream, which has formed the Çıralı Plain and its coast, is born from the 900 m high slopes in the northwest of Ulupınar Village. The stream, springs from the karstic creeks, flows under the name of Hayıt Creek up to Kumluca - Antalya Highway, and then combines with Kuruseki Creek, coming from the east of Antalya with the branches of Cehennem Creek from the west of Antalya, and flows by name 60 2 Aynur Kayan / TurkishTurkish Journal Journal of Waterof Water Science Science & Management & Management 5 (1) (2021) / 59 - 79 ISSN: 2536 474X / e-ISSN: 2564-7334 Volume: 5 Issue: 1 Year: 2021 of Ulupınar Stream. The total length of the stream flowing in a tectono-karstic groove, is about 13 km. The outfall section, where Ulupınar Stream disombogues into the Mediterranean Sea, generally turns north and sometimes turns south. Since the dominant wind on the shore blows from the southeast direction, the outfall of the stream is mostly shifted to the north. Although plane tree is the dominant vegetation of the valley floor of Ulupınar Stream, and on the slopes of the valley, the dominant vegetation is red pine, almost all species of maquis are common. The characteristics of sampling stations were presented in Table 1. Collection of Trichoptera Samples Samples were collected by 20 minutes by kicking and sweeping methods with kick-net (250 µm mesh). The samples were taken from several different sections at each station in order to include all possible microhabitats. All the samples collected were immediately fixed in formaldehyde (4%) in the field. Trichoptera individuals were taken to SDU Hydrobiology Laboratory and stored in 70% alcohol. The obtained samples were examined under a stereomicroscope and evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively. Edington & Hildrew (1995), Pitsch (1993),
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