: A Selected Chronology, 1963-1983

By Barbara

The chronology that follows highlights some of the major events that have helped to shape independent video in the . Although institutions 'rave provided the context for video, it is he artists' contributions that are of the ~reatest importance. 1963 Exhibitions/Events . De-Coli/age by WolfVostell, Smolin Gallery. First U.S. environmental installation using a tele­ vision set. 1964 Television/Productions Boston. Jazz Images, WGBH-TV. Producer, Fred Barzyk. Five short -isualizations of for broadcast; me of the first attempts at experimental television. 1965 Exhibitions/Events New York. Electronic by Nam June

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Paik, Galeria Bonino. Artist's first gal­ lery exhibition in U.S. New Cinema Festival I ( Festival), The Film-Makers Cinematheque. Organized by John Brockman. Festival explores uses of mixed-media projection, including vid­ eo,sound, and light experiments. 966 xhibitions/Events ew York. 9 Evenings: Theater and ngineering, 69th Regiment Armory. rganized by Billy Kliiver. Mixed­ edia events with collabo­ ation between ten artists and forty ngineers. Video projection used in ,. orks of Alex Hay, Robert Rauschen­ rg, David Tudor, . elma Last Year by Ken Dewey, New , Live Taped Video Corridor, 1969-70. Installation at the Whitney ork Film Festival at Lincoln Center, Museum, New York.

Fall 1985 249 Philharmonic Hall Lobby. Multichan­ of Art. 1969 nel with photographs The Machine as Seen at the End ofthe Exhibitions/Events by Bruce Davidson, music by Terry Mechanical Age, The Museum of Mod­ Riley. ern Art. Director of exhibition, Pontus New York. TV as a Creative Medium, Hulten. Exhibition includes Howard Wise Gallery. First American 1967 particularly 's Nixo~ exhibition devoted entirely to video art. Exhibitions/Events Tape. McLuhan Caged. and Lindsay Works by Serge Boutourline, Frank Gil­ . Light/Motion/Space, Tape on unique tape-loop device. lette and . Nam June Paik in collaboration with Time Situation by David Lamelas in (with ), Earl Rei­ Howard Wise Gallery, New York. Trav­ "Beyond Geometry," Center for Inter­ back, , John Seery, Eric Sie­ els to Milwaukee Art Center. Includes American Relations. An installation gel, Thomas Tadlock, , video works by Nam June Paik, Aldo using television monitors in exhibition Joe Weintraub. Tambellini, and others. sponsored by the Instituto Torcuato di . Corridor by Bruce Nau­ New York. Festival of Lights, Howard Tella, Buenos Aires. man, Nicholas Wilder Gallery. Installa­ Wise Gallery. Exhibition of kinetic light Washington, D.C. Cybernetic Serendip­ tion with video. works that include video works by Serge ity: The Computer and the , The Organizations Boutourline, Nam June Paik, Aldo Corcoran Gallery. Travels to Palace of Cambridge. Centerfor Advanced Visual Tambellini, and others. Art and Science, . Studies, Massachusetts Institute of awards first Director of exhibition, Jasia Reichardt. Exhibition originated at Institute of Technology (MIT). Established for art­ video fellowship. ists to explore art and technology. Contemporary Art, London; American Electronic Blues by Nam June Paik Founded by Gyorgy Kepes. Director, showing augmented by work selected by in "Lights in Orbit," Howard Wise . Gallery. Viewer-participation video James Harithas. Includes video work by Nam June Paik. New York. Channel One. Video theater installation. offering comic programming featuring Television/Productions Organizations Chevy Chase. Director, Ken Shapiro. Technical Director, Eric Siegel. Boston. WGBH-TV inaugurates artist­ New York. Black Gate Theater, for elec­ in-residence program with grant from tromedia events, and Gate Theater, for Global Village. Begins as video collec­ the Rockefeller Foundation. experimental independent cinema tive with information and screening cen­ ter. Becomes media center devoted to What's , Mr. Silver? Founded by Aldo Tambellini. ~GBH-TV. Commediation. Video production independent video production with em­ Host, David Silver. Exper­ phasis on video documentary. Founded imental /information series in group. Original members: David Cort, by John Reilly, Ira Schneider, Rudi which several dozen inputs are mixed Frank Gillette, Howard Gudstadt, Ken Stern. Directors, John Reilly and Julie live and at random. Marsh, Harvey Simon. Ends 1969. Gustafson. San Francisco. Experimental Television Young FilmekersfVideo Arts. Educa­ Raindance Corporation. Collective Workshop, KQED-TV. Directors, Brice tional organization with training ser­ vices, workshops, production facilities. formed for experimental production. In Howard and Paul Kaufman. Estab­ 1971 becomes Raindance Foundation, lished with Rockefeller Foundation Director, Roger Larson. devoted to research and development of grant. In 1969 renamed National Cen­ San Francisco. . Artists' me~ia/architecturegroup. Founded by video as a creative and communications ter for Experiments in Television medium, with screening program. Mem­ (NCET), funded by the Corporation for and Doug Michels; joined by Curtis Schreier in 1971. Other members bers: Frank Gillette, Michael Sham­ Public Broadcasting and the National berg, Steve Salonis, Marco Vassi, Louis Endowment for the Arts. Ends 1976. include Kelly Gloger, Joe Hall, Hudson Marquez, Allen Rucker, Michael Jaffe; soon after, Ira Schneider and Paul 1968 Wright. Disbands 1978. Ryan, and then Beryl Korot. Exhibitions/Events Land Truth Circus. Experimental video Videofreex. Experimental video group. Members: Skip Blumberg, Nancy Cain, Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 New York. Black: Video by Aldo Tam­ collective. Founded by Doug Hall, Diane Hall, Jody Proctor. In 1972 re­ David Cort, Bart Friedman, Davidson bellini in "Some More Beginnings," Gigliotti, Chuck Kennedy, Curtis Rat­ Museum. Organized by Ex­ named Truthco; in 1975, T. R. Uthco. Ends 1978. cliff, Parry Teasdale, Carol Vontobel, periments in Art and Technology. Tunie Wall, Ann Woodward. Electronic Art II by Nam June Paik, Santa Clara, Calif. The Electric Eye. Galeria Bonino. Video collective. Founded by Tim Bar­ Television/Productions '68. Theater Workshop for ger, Jim Mandis, Jim Murphy, Michelle Boston. The Medium Is the Medium, Students and the Brooklyn Academy of Newman, Skip Sweeney. Ends 1970. WGBH-TV. Produced by Fred Barzyk, Music. Organized by John Brockman. Television/Productions Anne Gresser, Pat Marx. First presenta­ Funded through the New York State tion of works by independent video art­ Council on the Arts. Exhibition includes New York. The Underground Sundae by ists aired on television. Thirty-minute environmental video , light . Warhol commissioned to program with works by , and film projections, videotapes. Video make sixty-second commercial for Nam June Paik, Otto Piene, James by Ken Dewey with Jerry Walter, Schraff's Restaurant. Seawright, Thomas Tadlock, AIda with George Fan, Aldo San Francisco. Sorcery by Loren Sears Tambellini. Tambellini. and Robert Zagone. Experimental Tele­ New York. Subject to Change, SQN Iris by Les Levine. First shown publicly vision Workshop, KQED-TV. Live­ Productions for CBS. Produced by Don in artist's studio. with six broadcast program using special-effects West. Program of videotapes initiated monitors and three video cameras, com­ imagery. by Don West with CBS and produced by missioned by Mr. and Mrs. Robert Kar­ Videofreex and other members of the don. Collection, Philadelphia Museum video community. Videotapes produced

250 Art Journal on all aspects of the counterculture (al­ ternate schools, communes, radicals, Blank Panthers, riots, demonstrations, etc.). Never broadcast. 1970 Exhibitions/Events ,New York. A.I.R. by Les Levine in ~ ' So ftwa r e , " the Jewish Museum. Cura­ tor, Jack Burnham. Eighteen-monitor video installation. information. The Museum of . Curator, Kynaston McShine. Exhibition includes videotapes and installations from U.S., , Latin America. Warehouse Show, Leo Castelli Gallery. Includes video installation by Keith Sonnier. Plainfield. Vt. The First Gathering: Alternate Media Project, Goddard Col­ lege. Media conference. Aldo Tarnbellini, Black Gate Th eater. 1967, mult imedia perform ance. San Francisco. Body Works, Museum of . Videotapes by Vito 1\cconci, Terry Fox, Bruce Nauman, Dennis Oppenheim, Keith Sonnier, WiI­ Iiam Wegman. Organized by Wil­ loughby Sharp. First video exhibition on the West Coast. i10 T. Farnsworth Video Obelisk by kip Sweeney, Intersection Theater, ~ultichannel video installation. altham. Mass. Vision and Television, kose Art Museum, . brganized by Russell Connor. Works by frank Gillette, Ted Kraynik, Les levine, Eugene Mattingly, Nam June 'faik (with Charlotte Moorman), John eill Y and Rudi Stern, Paul Ryan, Ira chneider, Eric Siegel, Aldo Tambel­ ~ini, , USCO/Intermedia, ideofreex, Joe Weintraub. rganiZatiOnS inghamton, N.Y. Experimental Televi­ ~ion Center. Originally Community

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Center for Television Production. Pro­ duction/post-production center empha­ sizing synthesized and computer-gener­ Frank Gillette and Ira Schneider. Wipe Cycle. 1969. Installation in Tt/ as a ated imagery. Directors, Ralph Hocking Creative Medium. Howard Wise Gallery. ew York. and Sherry Miller. In 1979 moves to Owego, N.Y. \1enlo Park, Calif. Media Access Cen­ ter, Portola Institute. Alternative televi­ I,ion resource emphasizing community lind high school video programs. Origi­ 'ral members: Pat Crowley, Richard Kletter, Allen Rucker, Shelley Surpin. Ends 1972. i~ew York. Creative Artists Public Ser­ 'lice (CAPS) awards fellowships in vid­ ~. filectronic Arts Intermix. Founded by Howard Wise after he closes his gallery; ncorporated 1971. Explores video as a Inedium of personal expression and ~mmunication. In 1972 establishes John Reilly and Stefan Moore, Irish Tapes. 1972-73. Fall 1985 251 editing/post-production facility. In 1971 Ferguson, Andy Gurian. DiSbandS,! 1973 begins Artists Videotape Distribu­ Exhibitions/Events 1977. tion Service. Women's Interart Center. Organizationl Berkeley, Calif. Tapes from All Tribes, New York State Council on the Arts to create interdisciplinary collaboration forms TV/Media Program. Directors Pacific Film Archive, University of Cal­ involving writers, visual artists, perfor-l include Peter Bradley, Paul Ryan, Rus­ ifornia. Organized by Video Free Amer­ mance artists, video artists. In 1972: sell Connor, Gilbert Konishi, Lydia Sil­ ica. Exhibition of videotapes by over 100 begins post-production center. Offers man, Nancy Legge, John Giancola. American artists. workshops, produces videotapes, spon] People's Video Theater. Alternative The Television Environment, University sors artists-in-residence. Director, Mar.: video journalism collective emphasizing Art Museum. Produced by William got Lewitin. Video directors include community video and political issues. Adler and John Margolies for Telethon. Carolyn Kresky, Jenny Goldberg, Susan Conducts weekend screenings in which Circulates through American Federa­ Milano, Ann Volkes, Wendy Ciarke'l the audience discussions are taped and tion of Arts. Veronica Geist. ' replayed. Founded by Elliot Glass, Ken New York. Eighth New York Avant­ Media Equipment Resource Centerl Marsh. Members include Judy Fiedler, GardeFestival, 69th Regiment Armory. (MERC), initiated by Young Filmak·i Howard Gudstadt, Molly Hughes, Ben Director, Charlotte Moorman. In­ ers/Video Arts. Equipment loan servicei Levine, Richard Malone, Elaine Milosh, dividual video projects by Shirley for artists and organizations. In 1977i Richard Nusser. Clarke, Douglas Davis, Ken Dominick, reorganizes as access service with TV, San Francisco. Museum of Conceptual Ralph Hocking, Nam June Paik, Eric studio, equipment loan, and post-pro­ Art (MOCA). Alternative museum cre­ Siegel, , Vid­ duction divisions. ated for performance and multimedia eofreex. New OreIeans. New Orleans Video art. Founded by . Electronic Art III by Nam June Paik Access Center (NOVAC). Founded' Video Free America. Video production and Shuya Abe with Charlotte Moor­ through VISTA to provide video access' group with post-production and screen­ man, Galeria Bonino. Exhibition with to low-income community. Becomes ing programs. Founded by Arthur Gins­ Paik-Abe synthesizer. production center with access. • berg, Skip Sweeney. Directors: Joanne Installation works by , Bill Syracuse, N.Y. Everson Museum estab-' Kelly, Skip Sweeney. Beckley, Terry Fox, William Wegman lishes first video department in a major Syracuse, N.Y. Synapse Video Center at 93 Grand Street. Organized by Wil­ museum, under direction of James Hari­ (formerly University Community Union loughby Sharp. thas. Video curators include David Video). Video production and post-pro­ Projects: Keith Sonnier, The Museum Ross, Richard Simmons. Department duction center. Directors include Lance of Modern Art. Environmental video closes 1981. Wisniewski, Henry Baker. Closes 1980. installation. Beginning of "Projects" Washington, D.C. National Endowment Television/Productions exhibition program. for the Arts initiates Public Media Pro­ A Special Videotape Show, Whitney gram. Directors include Chloe Aaron, Boston. Nam June Paik and Shuya Abe Museum of American Art. New Ameri­ Brian O'Doherty. In 1977 becomes develop Paik/Abe synthesizer while can Filmmakers Series. Organized by Media Arts Program. artists-in-residence at WGBH-TV. David Bienstock. Videotapes by Isaac Washington, D.C. Fifty independent Violence Sonata by Stan VanDerBeek, Abrams, Shridhar Bapat, Stephen Beck, producers from numerous video collec­ WGBH-TV. Live broadcast perfor­ John Randolph Carter, Douglas Davis, tives join together to videotape Mayday mance with videotape, film, and partici­ , Ed Emshwiller, anti- War demonstration. Their pation of studio and phone-in audience Richard Felciano, Carol Herzer, Joanne videotapes of political speeches and on theme of violence. Kyger, Richard Lowenberg, Alwin organizations, riots, arrests, and events New York. Eric Siegel builds Electronic Nikolais, Nam June Paik (with Char­ are collectively edited at the Videofreex with financial assis­ lotte Moorman), Charles Phillips, Terry Prince Street studio, New York. tance from Howard Wise. Riley, Eric Siegel, Skip Sweeney, Aldo San Francisco. Stephen Beck builds Tambellini, Steina and Woody Vasulka, Organizations WGBH-TV, Robert Zagone. . Videopolis. Video/resource Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Direct Video Synthesizer I, funded in part by the National Endowment for the Ten Video Performances, Finch College teaching center. Founded by Anda Arts. Museum of Contemporary Art. Orga­ Korsts. Closes 1978. nized by Elayne Varian. Works by Vito Ithaca, N.Y. Ithaca Video Projects. Publications Acconci, , Douglas Davis, Organization for promotion of elec­ FUm and Video Makers Travel Sheet , Alex Hay, Bruce Nau­ tronic communication. Director, Phillip (: Museum of Art, Carnegie man, , Nam June Paik, Mallory Jones. Institute). Monthly listing of artists' , Steve Reich, Lanesville, N.Y. Media Bus. Founded appearances, new works, events. Eric Siegel, Simone Whitman. by the Videofreex. Media center begins' Radical Software (New York: Rain­ Perception. Group of artists interested producing "Lanesville TV," weekly pro­ dance Foundation). Alternative video in alternative uses of video, explore gram about the community that is the' magazine and information channel for video programming in conjunction with first low-power television (LPTV) sta-: distribution and exchange of video Electronic Intermix. Founded by Eric tion. In 1979 Media Bus moves to works. Published 1970-74, vols. 1-2. Siegel and Steina and Woody Vasulka. and operates a post-produc-i Coeditors, Phyllis Gershuny and Beryl Subsequent members: Juan Downey, tion facility, distribution and consulting: Korot. Publishers, Ira Schneider and Frank Gillette, Beryl Korot, Andy services, and produces programming fori Michael Shamberg. Mann, Ira Schneider. Disbands 1973. cable. Current members: Nancy Cain,1 Expanded Cinema by Gene Youngblood T. P. Video Space Troupe. Experimental Tobe Carey, Bart Friedman. 1 (New York: E. P. Dutton). First publi­ workshop exploring two-way video. New York. Alternate Media Centers cation to cover video art. Founded by Shirley Clarke. Original School of the Arts, New York Uni-I members include Wendy Clarke, Bruce versity. Funded by the John and Mary]

252 Art Journal Markle Foundation to explore the uses of broadcast . Founded by Red Burns and George Stoney. Director, Red Burns. The Electronic Kitchen. Screening and performance center for the electronic arts at Mercer Arts Center. Founded by Steina and Woody Vasulka, Andres Mannik. Subsequently The Kitchen Center for Video, Music and Dance. Video Directors include Shridhar Ba­ pat, Dimitri Devyatkin, Carlota School­ man, RoseLee Goldberg, Jackie Kain, Greg Miller, Tom Bowes, Amy Taubin. Open Channel. Organization for devel­ opment of public access. Produces com­ munity programming, conducts work­ shops, school programs, and organizes talent pool of film and television profes­ sionals to produce public-access pro­ Dan Grah am, TV Ca meralMonitor Per formance, j ova Scotia College of Art and gramming. Founded by Thea Sklover. Design. Halifax, 1970. Director of Programming, Lee Fergu­ son. Ends 1976. Television/Productions Boston. Video Variations, WGBH-TV. Collaboration between Boston Sym­ phony Orchestra and artists Jackie Cassen, Russell Connor, Douglas Davis, Constantine Manos, Nam June Paik, James Seawright, Stan VanDerBeek, Tsai Wen- Ying. Produced by Fred Barzyk. New York. Artists' Television Work­ shop, WNET-TV. Established through efforts of Jackie Cassen, Russell Con­ nor, Nam June Paik, with initial grant from New York State Council on the Arts to support experimental projects by independents. mandates public access as part of its cable franchise. Providence, R.I. Satellite program of the National Center for Experiments in Television (NCET) established by Brice Howard at Rhode Island School of Design; also at Southern Methodist

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 University, Dallas, and Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville. Vito Acconci, Remote Control, 1971. Washington, D.C. Electronic Hokka­ dim I by Douglas Davis, Corcoran Gal­ lery of Art, and WTOP-TV. Live broad­ cast piece with two-way communication via telephone. Publications Guerrilla Television by Michael Sham­ berg and Raindance Corporation (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston). Manual of alternative television with graphics by Ant Farm. 1972 Exhibitions/Events Minneapolis. First Annual National • Video Festival, Minneapolis College of Panel of the First Annual National Video Festival, Minneapolis College of Art and Art and Design and Walker Art Center. Design and Walker Art Center, 1972 (Left to Right: Gene Youngblood, George Stoney, Nam June Paik, Russell Connor. Tom Drysdale). Fall 1985 253 Organized by Tom Drysdale. Consists Rochester, N.Y. Portable Channel. ton, Carol Brandenburg. Founded with of workshops, screenings, panel discus­ Video resource center with workshops, grants from the Rockefeller Foundation sion. Participants include Peter Cam­ visiting artists series, equipment access, and New York State Council on the pus, Russell Connor, Ed Emshwiller, productions. Directors include Bonnie Arts. First year initiates artist-in-resi­ Nam June Paik, , Ira Klein, Sanford Rockowitz, John Came­ dence program with Shirley Clarke, Schneider, George Stoney, Aldo Tam­ lio, Robert Shea, Tim Kelly. Douglas Davis, Ed Emshwiller, Nam bellini, Gene Youngblood. St. Louis. Double Helix. Media Center June Paik. New York. Peter Campus, Bykert with production and post-production San Francisco. Electronic Notebooks by Gallery. One-man show with video facilities, audio/video workshops. Stephen Beck, KQED-TV. Series of installations. San Francisco. Optic Nerve. Docu­ tapes produced with Bill Gwin, Don First Women's Video Festival, The mentary production collective produc­ Hallock, Warner Jepson, Bill Roarty, Kitchen at Mercer Arts Center. Orga­ ing political and social documentaries. Willard Rosenquist. nized by Susan Milano. Includes work Original members include Lynn Adler, Washington, D.C. The Federal Commu­ by Jackie Cassen, Maxi Cohen, Yoko Jules Backus, Jim Mayer, Sherrie nications Commission (FCC) requires Maruyama, Susan Milano, Queer Blue Rabinowitz, John Rogers, Mya Shone. that all cable franchises have at least Light Video, Keiko Tsuno, Steina and Disbands 1979. one public-access channel. Woody Vasulka, Women's Video Col­ Top Value Television (TVTV). Indepen­ lective; and dance/video performance dent documentary production group Publications by Judith Scott, Elsa Tambellini. forms to provide alternative coverage of Between Paradigms: The Mood and Its Ninth Annual New York Avant-Garde the Democratic and Republican conven­ Purpose by Frank Gillette (New York: Festival, Alexander Hamilton Hudson tions in ; the first use of half-inch Gordon and Breach). Riverboat. Director, Charlotte Moor­ videotape on broadcast television.Origi­ Print (New York: RC Publications). man. Includes special video projects by nal production by Hudson Marquez, Special videoissue. Guest editor, Robert over fifteen artists. Allen Rucker, Michael Shamberg, Tom de Havilland. Contributors: Fred Santa Clara, Calif. First St. Jude Invi­ Weinberg, Megan Williams, and mem­ Barzyk, Rudi Bass, Rose DeNeue, Ber­ tational ofVideoArt, de Saisset Gallery bers of Ant Farm, Raindance, and nard Owett, Sheldon Satin, Michael and Art Museum, University of Santa Videofreex collectives. Other members Shamberg. Clara. Organized by David Ross. Works of TVTV include Wendy Apple, Mi­ by , , chael Couzens, Paul Goldsmith, Betsy 1973 George Bolling, Douglas Davis, Taka Guignon, Stanton Kaye, Anda Korsts, Exhibitions/Events Iimura, Videofreex, William Wegman. Andy Mann, Elon Soltes. Disbands Los Angeles. William Wegman. Los Syracuse, N.Y. Douglas Davis: An 1977. Angeles County Museum of Art. Exhi­ Exhibition Inside and Outside the Woodstock, N.Y. Woodstock Commu­ bition of drawings and tapes. Museum, , with nity Video. Production center and NewYork. International Computer Arts WCNY-TV. An exhibition with live resource for community video. Initiates Festival, The Kitchen at Mercer Arts telecast, "Talk Out!" local cable programming. Begins Art­ Center. Organized by Dimitri Devyat­ Nam June Paik, Everson Museum of ists' TV Lab, which movesto Rhinebeck kin. Includes music, poetry, film, video. Art. Tapes, installations, and perfor­ in 1976. From 1975 to 1977 presents The Irish Tapes by John Reilly and mance, with Charlotte Moorman. Woodstock Video Expovision, a festival Stefan Moore, The Kitchen at Mercer of New York State artists. Founded by Arts Center. Installation with three Organizations Ken Marsh. Members include Barbara channels and twelve monitors. Buffalo, N.Y. Media Study/Buffalo. Buckner, Bob Dacy, , Steven Kolpan, Elaine Milosh. Ends 1978. 1973 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Center for videotape production and Museum of American Art. First inclu­ exhibition. President, Gerald O'Grady; Television/Productions sion of video in Biennial exhibition. Video/Electronic Arts Curator, John Includes videotapes by seven artists and Minkowsky. Boston. Music Image Workshop, WGBH-TV. Project by Ron Hays using installation by Peter Campus. New York. Castelli-Sonnabend Video­ Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Paik-Abe synthesizer to produce tapes Tenth New York Avant-Garde Festival, tapes and Films. Videotape distribution relating to music and video imagery. Grand Central Station. Director, Char­ service. Founded by Leo Castelli and The Very First On-the-Air Half-Inch lotte Moorman. Includes special video Ileana Sonnabend. Directors include projects by over seventeen artists. Joyce Nereaux, Patricia Brundage. Videotape Festival Ever: People Televi­ sion, WGBH-TV. Produced by Henry Syracuse, N.Y. Circuit: A Video Invita­ Downtown Community Television Cen­ Becton with Fred Barzyk, Dorothy tional, Everson Museum of Art. ter (DCTV). Educational and produc­ Chiesa. Live studio event including Curated by David Ross. Traveling exhi­ tion organization. Founded by Jon home viewer call-ins, tape screenings, bition of videotapes by over sixty-five Alpert, Keiko Tsuno. and interviews with artists, engineers, artists. Travels to Henry Gallery, Fiji Corday Productions. Organization business people, educators, students. University of Washington, ; to assist artists' production. Founded by Chicago. Dan Sandin builds Image Pro­ Cranbrook Academy of Art Museum, Carlota Schoolman. cessor, and eventually, with Phil Mor­ Bloomfield Hills, Mich.; Kolnischer Survival Arts Media. Video collective ton, makes plans available to artists. Kunstverein, , West ; Greenville County Museum of Art, emphasizing community education and New York. Scape-mates by Ed Em­ health programs, programs on artists Greenville, S.C.; and in 1974, Museum shwiller, the Television Laboratory at of Fine Arts, Boston. and artistic processes, and multimedia WNET/Thirteen. Videotape with com­ shows. Members include Gail Edwards, plex mixing of live actors and computer Frank Gillette: Video Process and Howard Gudstadt, Molly Hughes, graphics. Meta-Process, Everson Museum of Art. Ben Levine, Danny Luciano, Richard Videotapes and installations. Malone. The Television Laboratory at WNET/ Thirteen. Directors include David Lox-

254 Art Journal Organizations Chicago. University ofIllinois at Chi­ cago. Dan Sandin and Tom DeFanti initiate video/computer graphics courses. Minneapolis. University Community Video. Center devoted to independent production. In 1981 begins exhibition and distribution. New York. Cable Arts Foundation. Founded by Russell Connor. Organiza­ tion for production and distribution of anthology and art series to cable systems and for encouragement of local arts programming. John Simon Guggenheim Foundation am June Paik, Hanging TV "Fish Flies on Sky," 1975- 80, 30 color . awards first video fellowship. Collecti on: the arti st; © 1976 Peter Moore. Visual Resources. Director, Eva Kroy Wisbar. Distribution/information ser­ vice including video. Publishes Art & Cinema. including coverage of video. Portland, Ore. Northwest Film Study Center initiates Northwest Film and Video Festival. Directors include Robert Sitton and Bill Foster. In 1979 Film Study Center begins workshops and exhibitions in video. Rochester, N.Y. Visual Studies Work­ shop establishes media center. Produc­ tion facility with workshops and exhibi­ tions. Begins publication of Afterimage with coverage of video. Director, Na­ than Lyons. Media center coordinators include Wayne Luke, Laddy Kite, Arthur Tsuchiya, Nancy Norwood. Television/Productions New York. Steve Rutt and Bill Etra develop Rutt/Etra scan processor. San Francisco. Videola, San Francisco Museum of Art. Environmental sculp­ ture by Don Hallock with multiple dis­ Paul Ryan, Ritual of Triadic Relations. 1971- 76, 1984. play of synthesized video works created at National Center for Experiments in Television (NCET), KQED-TV. Works by Stephen Beck with Don Hallock and Ann Turner, William Gwin with

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Warner Jepson, Don Hallock. Publications Spaghetti City Video Manual by the Videofreex (New York: Praeger). Alter­ native equipment manual. 1974 Exhibitions/Events Ithaca, N.Y. First Annual Ithaca Video Festival, Ithaca Video Projects. In 1976 i festival begins to tour. ! Los Angeles. Collector's Video, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Orga­ nizer, Jane Livingston. Works by John . Baldessari, Peter Campus, Terry Fox, . Frank Gillette, , , Mary Lucier, Fire Writing. 1975. , Richard Landry, Andy Mann, Robert Morris, Bruce Nauman, Rich­ Fall 1985 255 ard Serra, Keith Sonnier, William Wegman. Mary Lucier, Fire Writing, 1975. Fall 1985 255 Minneapolis. New Learning Spaces and tors include David Ross, Nancy Drew, er, Bill Etra, Frank Gillette, Don Hal­ Places, Walker Art Center. Includes Kathy Huffman. In 1976 begins produc­ lock, Ron Hays, Nam June Paik, Otto installation by Frank Gillette and video­ tion center with funding from the Rock­ Piene, Rudi Stern, Stan VanDerBeek, tapes by James Byrne, Peter Campus, efeller Foundation; in 1979 production William Wegman. Writer and narrator, Juan Downey, Frank Gillette, Andy is moved to new facility and called the Brian O'Doherty. Mann, Ira Schneider, University Com­ Station/Annex. New York. Cuba: The People by Jon munity Video, William Wegman. New York. Alpert and Keiko Tsuno, Public Broad­ Projected Images, Walker Art Center. begins video program. Director, Jonas casting System (PBS). First docu­ Includes video installation by Peter Mekas. Video Curators include Shigeko mentary videotape using half-inch color Campus and performance with video Kubota, Bob Harris. Includes exhibi­ equipment to be broadcast by public with Joan Jonas. tion, preservation, archive of videotapes television. New York. Electronic Art IV by Nam and printed matter, screenings. In 1983 Rochester, N.Y. Television Workshop, June Paik, Galeria Bonino. begins publication of Video Texts. an WXXI-TV. Directors include Ron Ha­ Open Circuits: The Future of Televi­ annual magazine on video art organized gell, Pat Faust, Carvin Eison. Ends sion. The . Or­ by Robert Haller, Bob Harris. 1981. ganized by Fred Barzyk, Douglas Davis, Association of Independent Video and Gerald O'Grady, Willard Van Dyke. Filmmakers (AIVF). Founded by Ed Publications International video conference with Lynch. Directors include Alan Jacobs, Arts Magazine (New York: Art Digest). exhibition of tapes. Participants include Lawrence Sapadin. National trade asso­ Special video issue. Contributions by museum educators and cura­ ciation of independent producers and Eric Cameron, Russell Connor, Her­ tors, cable and educational television individuals. Begins publishing The Inde­ mine Freed, Dan Graham, Shigeko producers, artists and art critics from pendent on media issues. In 1975 estab­ Kubota, Bob and Ingrid Wiegand. U.S., Canada, Latin America, Europe, lishes The Foundation for Independent Cybernetics ofthe Sacred by Paul Ryan . Video and Film (FIVF) as an educa­ (Garden City, N.Y.: Anchor Press/ Projects: Video, The Museum of Mod­ tional organization. Doubleday). ern Art. Curator, Barbara London. Anna Canepa Video Distribution (origi Independent Video, A Complete Guide Beginning of continuing series of video nally Video Distribution, Inc.). Distri­ to the Physics, Operation, and Applica­ exhibitions. Program expands with bution service of artists' tapes. tion ofthe New Television for the Stu­ funding from the Rockefeller Founda­ The Kitchen Center for Video, Music dent, Artist, and for Community TV by tion in 1976. and Dance (formerly The Electronic Ken Marsh (San Francisco: Straight Video Performance, 112 Green Street. Kitchen) relocates to Broome Street and Arrow Books). Video performances by Vito Acconci, begins daytime exhibition program. The Prime Time Survey by Top Value , , Dennis Inaugural show includes videotapes and Television (TVTV). Report on status of Oppenheim, Ulrike Rosenbach, Richard three video installations by . video and its directions. Serra with Robert Bell, Willough­ Providence, R.I. Electron Movers. Video by Sharp, Keith Sonnier, William art collective with gallery space, equip­ 1975 Wegman. ment resources, workshops, and visiting Exhibitions/Events Syracuse. Videa 'n' Videology: Nam artist series. Founded by Dennis Hlyn­ Dallas. The Eternal Frame by T. R. June Paik; 1959-73, Everson Museum sky, Robert Jungels, Laurie McDonald, Uthco and Ant Farm. Reenactment of of Art. Curator, David Ross. Retrospec­ Alan Powell. In 1975 Ed Tannenbaum John F. Kennedy assassination for vid­ tive of artist's videotapes, with catalog joins. Disbands 1980. eotape. Presented as installation at Long edited by . San Francisco. La Mamelle. Artists' Beach Museum of Art in 1976. Video and the Museum, Everson Mu­ space for video, audio, and marginal Long Beach, Calif. Southland Video seum of Art. Organized by David Ross. works. Directors, Carl Loeffler and Anthology, Long Beach Museum of Art. Funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. Nancy Frank. Extended series of five exhibitions by Conference with workshops for curators Seattle. and/or. Space for multimedia artists.

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 and administrators on the role of video exhibitions, productions, performance Americans in Florence, Europeans in in the museum. Concurrent exhibitions: art. In 1979 establishes 911, Video Florence, Long Beach Museum of Art. Peter Campus, Closed Circuit Video; Library. In 1981 media program Organized by Maria Gloria Bicocchi Juan Downey, Video Trans Americas becomes Focal Point Media Center. and David Ross. Traveling exhibition De-Briefing Pyramid (a video/dance Founded by Ann Focke, Robert Garner, with videotapes produced by Art/ performance with Carmen Beuchat); Ken Leback. Video Curators, Norie Tapes/22, Florence. Andy Mann, Video Matrix; and Ira Sa to, Heather Oakson. Schneider, Is an Island. New York. First Annual Video Docu­ Television/Productions mentary Festival, initiated by Video Washington, D.C. Art Now 74: A Cele­ Study Center of Global Village. bration of the American Arts, John F. Boston. New Television Workshop, Kennedy Center for the Performing WGBH-TV. Established with grant 1975 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Arts. Includes twenty-three videotapes. from the Rockefeller Foundation and Museum of American Art. Includes through the efforts of David Atwood, work by eighteen video artists. Organizations Fred Barzyk, Dorothy Chiesa, Ron Projected Video, Whitney Museum of Bayville, N.Y. Inter-Media Art Center Hays, Rich Hauser, Olivia Tappan. American Art. Projected videotapes by (IMAC). Multipurpose production fa­ Director, Fred Barzyk. Producers in­ William Adler and John Margolies, cility with post-production workshops clude Dorothy Chiesa, Susan Dowling, John Baldessari, Lynda Benglis, Peter and exhibitions. Director, Michael Nancy Mason Hauser, Olivia Tappan. Campus, Douglas Davis, Bill Etra, Her­ Rothbard. Video: The New Wave, WGBH-TV. mine Freed, , Nam June Long Beach, Calif. Long Beach Museum Program of video artists, including Paik, Richard Serra, Keith Sonnier, ofArt begins video exhibition program David Atwood, Stephen Beck, Peter Steina and Woody Vasulka, William and collection of videotapes. Video cura- Campus, Douglas Davis, Ed Emshwill- Wegman. 156 Art Journal Philadelphia. Video Art, Institute of Contemporary Art, University of Penn- sylvania. Curator, Suzanne Delehanty. Exhibition documenting the develop­ ment of video art through videotapes and installations. Travels to Contempo­ rary Art Center, Cincinnati; Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago; Wads­ worth Atheneum, Hartford, Conn.; and Sao Paulo Biennale, Sao Paulo, Brazil. San Francisco. Media Burn by Ant Farm, Cow Palace. July Fourth perfor­ mance/media event. Moebius Video Show, San Francisco Art Festival. First exhibition of video in the Art Festival. Includes work by Ant Farm, Terry Fox, Phil Garner, Joanne Kelly, Darryl Sapien, Skip Sweeney. T.R.Uthco/ Ant Farm, Eternal Fram e. 1975. Walk Series by Peter D'Agostino, 80 Langton Street. Video installation and first event at 80 Langton Street, an alternative space initially sponsored by the San Francisco Art Dealers Associa­ tion. In 1976 becomes an independent space with emphasis on alternative art forms. Organizations Harford, Conn. Real Art Way. Arts cen­ ter with video exhibitions and library. Video coordinators include David Doni­ hue, Gary Hogan, Ruth Miller. New York. Independent Cinema Artists and Producers (I<;::AP) forms to repre­ sent independent film and video artists to cable systems. President, Kitty Morgan. The Museum of Modern Art begins collection of videotapes. Television/Productions New York. Video and Television Review (VTR), the Television Laboratory at WNET/Thirteen. Executive Producer, Peter Campus, Three Transitions, 1975. Carol Brandenburg. Yearly broadcast series of tapes from U.S. and Europe. In 1979 renamed Video/Film Review. Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 1976 Exhibitions/Events Berkeley, Calif. Commissioned Video Works, University Art Museum. Orga­ nized by Jim Melchert. Fifteen artists commissioned to make tapes of under four-minute duration. Includes , , Siah Armajani, John Baldessari, Robert Cumming, John Fernie, Hilla Futterman, Leonard Hunter, Anda Korsts, Les Levine, Paul McCarthy, George Miller, Dennis Op­ penheim, Robert Watts, William Wegman. Boston. Changing Channels. Museum of Fine Arts and Museum School Gal­ lery. Exhibition of videotapes produced by independent artists at experimental television broadcast centers: WGBH, Shi geko Kubota, N ude Descending a Staircase. 1976.

Fall 1985 257 Boston; WNET, New York; and and Santa Barbara Cable TV. Cable Chicago. ZGRASS. Personal computer­ KQED, San Francisco. series produced by Some Serious Busi­ graphics system designed by artist Tom San Francisco. Video Art: An Overview, ness and the Long Beach Museum of DeFanti. San Francisco Museum of Modern Art. Art. Ends t979. Los Angeles. The Satellite Arts Project Organized by David Ross. Exhibition of New York. Cable Soho. President, by Kit Galloway and Sherrie Rabino­ thirty-three videotapes by twenty-nine Jaime Davidovich. Independent organi­ witz. Live interactive broadcast between artists. Installations by Peter Campus, zation for innovative arts programming California, Maryland, and Washington, Paul and Marlene Kos, Nam June on cable television. In 1977 becomes D.C. Paik. Artists' Television Network. New York. VI. Curator, Syracuse, N.Y. New Work in Abstract Image Union. Independent production Wulf Herzogenrath. Satellite perfor­ Video Imagery, Everson Museum of company forms to offer alternative cov­ mance project with Joseph Beuys, Art. Curator, Richard Simmons. Works erage of the Democratic National Con­ Douglas Davis, and Nam June Paik by forty artists using synthesizers, las­ vention and Election Night. The Five­ broadcast internationally from Kassel, ers, and computers. Day Bicycle Race and Mock Turtle , presented through Soup, taped segments with live phone-in WNET-TV. Organizations interviews, are shown on Manhattan I ndependent Documentary Fund, Boston. Boston Film/Video Founda­ Cable Television. WNET-TV. Excutive Producer, David tion. Offers screenings, educational pro­ Loxton. Coordinator, Kathy Kline. Es­ grams, equipment resources. Founded Publications tablished at the Television Laboratory by Jon Rubin and Susan Woll. Directors Video Art: An Anthology (New York: with grants from the Ford Foundation include Michelle Schofield and Tom Harcourt, Brace and Jovanovich). Edi­ and the National Endowment for the Wylie. tors, Beryl Korot and Ira Schneider. Arts to stimulate the production of inde­ Chicago. Video Data Bank, School of First anthology of video criticism and pendent documentaries. the . Distribu­ statements by video artists. New York and San Francisco. Send/ tion and resource center for videotapes Video: State of the Art by Joanna Gill Receive Satellite Network. Coordina­ on artists and video art. Director, Lyn (New York: The Rockefeller Founda­ tors Liza Bear and Keith Sonnier with Blumenthal. tion). Report on video activity in the support from the Public Interest Satel­ New York. Asian Cine-Vision. Media United States. lite Association (PISA) and NASA. center in Chinatown producing Asian­ 1977 Two-way satellite transmission between American program series and program­ New York and San Francisco with ming for Chinese Cable Television. Organizations simultaneous performances. Partici­ Conducts workshops, media and pro­ Atlanta. Image Film/Video Center (In­ pants, in San Francisco: Margaret duction services, and operates an Asian­ dependent Media Artists of Georgia, Fischer, Terry Fox, Brad Gibbs, Sharon American Media Archive. In 1982 Etc., Inc.). Media center with screen­ Grace, Carl Loeffler, Richard Lowen­ begins Asian-American International ings, workshops, and equipment access. berg, Alan Scarritt. In New York: Liza Video Festival. Director, Peter Chow. Begins the Atlanta Independent Film Bear, Richard Landry, Nancy Lewis, Donnell Library Center. New York and Video Festival (now the Atlanta Richard Peck, Betsy Sussler, Wil­ Public Library, establishes collection of Film and Video Festival), an annual loughby Sharp, Paul Shavelson, Duff videotapes. Founded by William Sloan. international showcase. Directors in­ Schweiniger, Keith Sonnier. Video librarians have included Mary clude Gayla Jamison, Anna Marie Pier­ Publications simoni, Marsha Rifkin. Feldstein, Michael Miller, Michael Git­ The New Television: A Public/Private lin, Lishin Yu. Houston. Southwest Alternative Media Art. (Cambridge, Mass. and London: Project (SWAMP). Originally asso­ Franklin Furnace. Alternative space The MIT Press). Manifesto including with archive, bibliography, exhibition, ciated with the Rice Media Center at essays from the Open Circuits Confer­ performance programs, including video. Rice University. Media center with edu­ ence at The Museum of Modern Art, Director, Martha Wilson. cation program, lecture series, produc­ New York, in 1974. tion and post-production technical assis­

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 New American Filmmaker Series, tance. Conducts Southwest Film and Whitney Museum of American Art. 1978 Video Tour, artist-in-residence pro­ Continuing exhibition of independent gram, and annual Texpo film and video Exhibitions/Events film expands to include video art. festival. Produces local PBS series, "The Buffalo. Vasulka: Steina-Machine Vi­ Director, . Territory." Directors include Ed Hugetz sion, Woody-Description, Albright­ Pittsburgh. Independent Film and and Tom Sims. Knox Gallery. Curator, Linda L. Video Preview Network, Pittsburgh Cathcart. Exhibition of tapes and New York. Locus Communications. Filmmakers. Program of organized pre­ installations. Equipment access center with work­ view screenings of films and videotapes shops, technical production services, New York. Aransas, Axis ofObservation around the country. Founded by Sally cable programming, screenings. Found­ by Frank Gillette, The Kitchen. Travels Dixon and Robert Haller. Ends 1980. ing Executive Director, Gerry Pallor. to Contemporary Arts Museum, Hous­ San Francisco. Bay Area Video Coali­ ton; University Art Museum, Berkeley; Port Washington, N.Y. Port Washing­ tion founded with grant from the and Academy of Fine Arts, Washing­ ton Library begins visiting artists pro­ Rockefeller Foundation. Production/ ton, D.C. Acquisitioned by University gram with exhibitions and presenta­ post-production center with workshops Art Museum. tions. Head of Media Services, Lillian and exhibitions. Founding Director, Katz. Video Viewpoints, The Museum of Gail Waldron. Director, Morrie War­ Modern Art. Beginning of yearly lecture shawski. Television/Productions series by independent videomakers. Television/Productions Buffalo, N.Y. Steina and Woody Va­ Pittsburgh. National Media Alliance of sulka and Jeffrey Schier begin work on Media Arts Centers (NAMAC) holds Los Angeles. Video Art. Los Angeles the Digital Image Articulator, a digital first conference. Hosted by Pittsburgh Theta Cable, Long Beach Cablevision, computer-imaging device. Filmmakers. 258 Art Journal Redington Beach, Fla. Chinsegut Film! Video Conference. Founded by Charles Lyman and Peter Melaragno. Confer­ ence with presentations to promote interchange among invited participants and film- and videomakers. ,Calif. Video night by Some Seri­ ous Business. Weekly video screening series. Organizations Chicago. Chicago Editing Center. Pro­ duction/post-production facility with education and exhibition programs. In 1980 becomes Center for New Televi­ sion. Directors include Cynthia Neal, Joyce Bollinger. Television/Productions Chicago. Image Union, WTTW-TV. Produced by Tom Weinberg. Weekly broadcast of independent work. New York. Artists' Television Network initiates "Soho Television," regular pro­ gramming of artists' videotapes and per­ formances, and of "The Live! Show," avant-grade variety show. Director, Jaime Davidovitch. Potato Wolf. Collaborative Projects. Artists' television series for cable begins as live show and evolves into diversified programming with emphasis on narra­ tive and performance-oriented work involving artists from diverse media. Regular producers include Cara Brownell, Mitch Corber, Albert Dimar­ tino, Julie Harrison, Robert Klein, Terry Mohre, Alan Moore, Brian Pier­ sol, Gary Pollard, Mindy Stevenson, Jim Sutcliffe, Maria Thompson, Sally White. 1979 Exhibitions/Events Long Beach, Calif. N/A Vision, spon­ sored by Long Beach Museum of Art. Weekly circulating video screening Stefan Moore and Claude Beller, Presumed Innocent , 1979. series at Long Beach Museum of Art, Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Foundation of Art and Resources (FAR), and Highlands Art Agents. New York. Re- Visions: Projects and Proposals in Film and Video, Whitney Museum of American Art. Curator, John Hanhardt. Video installations by Bill Beirne; , Bob Dia­ mond and Robert Watts; and Buky Schwartz. Videotapes by British Artists. The Kitchen. Curator, Steve Partridge. Works by David Crichley, David Hall, Tamara Krikorian, Stuart Marshall, Steve Partridge, and others. Videofrom Tokyo to Fukui and Kyoto. The Museum of Modern Art. Curator, Barbara London. A survey of the works of thirteen contemporary Japanese art­ ists. Travels to Long Beach Museum of Art, Long Beach, Calif.; Vancouver Art Gallery, Vancouver, B.C.; and with Les Levine, Deep Gossip. 1979. Fall 1985 259 "Video New York, Seattle and Los College of Art and Design and the New award grants to video artists. Angeles" travels to Japan and Europe. York University Press). Television Syracuse, N.Y. Everson Video Revue. 1980 Everson Museum of Art. Curator, Rich­ Cambridge. Artists' Use ofTelecommu­ ard Simmons. Exhibition with video­ Exhibitions/Events nications. Organized by Center for tapes by over fifty artists. Travels to Berkeley, Calif. and New York. Video Advanced Visual Studies, Massachu­ Museum of Contemporary Art, Chica­ About Video: Four FrenchArtists, Uni­ setts Institute of Technology (MIT). go; University Art Museum, Berkeley, versity Art Museum, University of Cali­ Collaborative interactive slow-scan TV Calif.; in 1981, Museum of Contempo­ fornia; and Teletheque-Alliance conference link between Cambridge, rary Art, La Jolla, Calif. Francaise, New York. Works by Paul­ New York, San Francisco, Long Armand Gette, Philippe Oudard, Phi­ Beach, Toronto, , Tokyo, and Berkeley, Calif. UniversityArtMuseum, lippe Guerrier, Thierry Kuntzel. University of California at Berkeley Vancouver. institutes regular weekend program­ Buffalo N.Y. Installation: Video, Hall­ Three Artists on Line in Three Coun­ ming. Organized by David Ross. Ends walls. Exhibition with work by Dara tries. Three-way slow-scan transmission 1981. Birnbaum, Patrick Clancy, Wendy between Aldo Tambellini, Cambridge, Clarke, Brian Eno, Ken Feingold, Dan Tom Klinkowstein, Amsterdam, and New York. The Media Alliance. Asso­ Graham, Gary Hill, Sara Hornbacher, Bill Bartlett, Vancouver. ciation of media arts organizations and Shigeko Kubota. independent video producers in New Los Angeles and New York. Hole-in­ York State designed to coordinate Lake Placid, N.Y. Art at the Olympics, Space by Kit Galloway and Sherrie resources and promote the work of the 1980 Winter Games.Videotapes by Skip Rabinowitz. Live interactive satellite independent video community. Includes Blumberg, Kit Fitzgerald and John San­ project between Los Angeles and New programming, exhibition, production, born, Nam June Paik. Installations by York. distribution. Directors include Jadkie Wendy Clarke, Frank Gillette, Ira Minneapolis-St. Paul. Minnesota Land­ Kain, Robin White. Schneider, Buky Schwartz. scapes, KTCA-TV. Project Director, P.S. I begins video exhibition program Long Beach, Calif. California Video, Peter Bradley. Series of videotapes on with emphasis on installations. Video Long Beach Museum of Art. Curator, Minnesota for broadcast. Works by Curator, Bob Harris. Kathy Huffman. Works by Max Almy, Skip Blumberg, James Byrne, Steve Dan Boord, Ante Boznich, John Cald­ Christiansen, Davidson Gigliotti, Frank Television/Productions well, Alba Cane, Helen DeMichiel, Gohlke, Cynthia Neal, Steina. New York. Communications Update. Tony Labat, Pier Marton, Tony Ours­ Center for New Art Activities. Origi­ ler, Jan Peacock, Patti Podesta, Joe 1981 nally the WARC (World Administra­ ReesjTarget Video, Nina Salerno, Ilene Exhibitions/Events tive Radio Conference) Report. Artists Segalove, Starr Sutherland, "Captain" New York. First National Latin Film series for cable dealing with political Bruce Walker, Bruce and Norman and Video Festival, El Museo del and communications issues. Original Yonemoto. Barrio. producers: Liza Bear, Rolf Brand, New York. Love Tapes in New York by 1981 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Michael McClard, . Wendy Clarke. Live interactive installa­ Museum of American Art. Installations In 1983 becomes Cast Iron TV and tion and tapes exhibited at the World by Frank Gillette and Buky Schwartz. programming diversifies. Producer, Trade Center with selections shown on Stay Tuned, The . Orga­ Liza Bear. cable television and WNETjThirteen. nized by Ned Rifkin. Exhibition juxta­ Non-Fiction Television, WNETjThir­ Television] Societyj Art, The Kitchen. poses artists' work in video with work in teen. Broadcast series for Independent Organized by Ron Clark and Mary other media. Includes Robert Cum­ Documentary Fund. MacArthur. Colloquium presented by ming, Brian Eno, Charles Frazier, Public Interest Video Network. Execu­ The Kitchen and the American Film Donald Lipski, Howardena Pindell, tive Producer, Kim Spencer. Senior Edi­ Institute. Participants include Benjamin Judy Rifka, Allen Ruppersberg, Irvin tor, Nick DeMartino. Independent pro­ Buchloh, Julianne Burton, Nick De­ Tepper. duction company financed by the Urban Martino, Stephen Heath, Fredric Jame­

Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Video Classics, Bronx Museum of the Scientific and Educational Research son, Rosalind Krauss, Mark Nash, Rob­ Arts. Curator, RoseLee Goldberg. In­ (USER) presents live satellite coverage ert Sklar, Martha RosIer, Herbert stallations by Vito Acconci, Dan Gra­ of an antinuclear demonstration in Schiller, Allan Sekula, Peter Wollen. ham, Shigeko Kubota, Rita Myers, Washington, D.C., on the Public Broad­ San Francisco. First Annual San Fran­ Bruce Nauman, Dennis Oppenheim, casting System (PBS). First time PBS cisco Video Festival. Director, Steve Nam June Paik. carries a live public affairs program Agetstein. Assistant Director, Wendy Rochester, N.Y. From the Academy to whose editorial content was determined Garfield. Begin publishing Video 80 as the Avant-Garde, Visual Studies Work­ by an organization outside its system. festival catalog. Now called SEND and shop. Curator, Richard Simmons. Trav­ San Francisco. Producedfor Television, published as a quarterly. eling exhibition with videotapes by Juan La Mamelle and KTSF-TV. Live broad­ Yonkers, N.Y. Alternative Spaces, Hud­ Downey, Howard Fried, Frank Gillette, cast of . Works by Chris son River Museum. Series of exhibitions Davidson Gigliotti, Tony Labat, Les Burden, Lynn Hershman and Rea Bal­ employing Museum's planetarium. In­ Levine. Travels to Center for Art Tapes, dridge, Chip Lord and Phil Garner, Bar­ cludes video installations by Mary Halifax, Nova Scotia, and Center for bara Smith. Lucier, Francese Torres. New Television, Chicago. Publications Organizations Washington, D.C. National Video Fes­ New Orleans. Survival Information tival, American Film Institute. Sponsor, Video-Architecture- Television: Writing Corporation. Festival producer, on Video and Video Works by Dan Television, NOV AC. Installation in local Welfare Office with social issues Larry Kirkman; festival director, James Graham (Halifax, Nova Scotia and Hindman. Installation by Nam June New York: The Press of the Nova Scotia programming run on a repeating cycle. St. Paul. Jerome Foundation expands to Paik.

260 Art Journal Organizations Pittsburgb. Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, expands its Film Section to the Section of Film and Video, and opens Video Gallery. Curator of Film and Video, William Judson. Television/Productions New York and Paris. Double Entendre by Douglas Davis, Whitney Museum of American Art and Centre Georges Pornpidou, Paris. Satellite telecast performance. New York. Paper Tiger Television. Organized by Diane Augusta, Pennee Bender, Skip Blumberg, Shulae Chang, DeeDee Halleck, Caryn Rogoff, David Shulman, Alan Steinheimer. Series on public-access television that examines communications industry via the print media, and serves as model for low­ budget, public-access programming. 1982 Exhibitions/Events Boston. SIGGRAPH (Special Interest Group in Computer Graphics) Annual Bill Viola. Chott el-Djerid (APortrait in Light and Heat). 1979. conference includes computer-gener­ ated video art in its juried art show. Organized by Copper Giloth. Buffalo, N.Y. Ersatz TV: A Studio Melee by Alan Moore and Terry Mohre, Collaborative Projects . Hall­ walls Gallery. Curator, Kathy High. Installations of six studio sets from art­ ists' television series "Potato Wolf," with live cameras and videotape screenings. Video/TV: Humor/Comedy, Media StudyjBuffalo. Curator, John Min­ kowsky. Touring exhibition that ex­ plores relationship between art and entertainment. Travels throughout U.S. New York. Nam June Paik; Whitney Museum of American Art. Director of exhibition, John Hanhardt. Major retro­ spective. Travels to Museum ofContem­ Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 porary Art, Chicago. Park City, Utab. Fourth Annual United States Film and Video Festival expands to include video. Yonkers, N.Y. Art and Technology: Approaches to Video, Hudson River Ed Ernshwiller, S unstone, 1979. Museum. Three-part exhibition of in­ stallations by Dara Birnbaum, David Behrman and Paul DeMarinis, and Kit Fitzgerald and John Sanborn. Curator, Nancy Hoyt. Wasbington, D.C. National Video Fes­ tival, American Film Institute at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Per­ forming Arts, and the American Film Institute Campus, Los Angeles. Spon­ sor, Sony Corporation. Installations by Shigeko Kubota (Washington, D.C.) and Ed Emshwiller and Bill Viola (Los Angeles).

Fall 1985 261 Organizations (AFA). Boston. Institute of Contemporary Art Rochester, N.Y. Video Installation begins video program. Director, David 1983, Visual Studies Workshop. Exhibi­ Ross. tion including works by Barbara Buck­ Portland, Ore. The Media Project. ner, , Doug Hall, Margia Expands to include video. Media organi­ Kramer, Bill Stephens. zation for distribution of independent Sante Fe and Albuquerque. Video as work includes workshops and state-wide Attitude, Museum of Fine Arts, Santa directory of media services, and acts Fe, and University Art Museum, Albu­ as a liaison to cable. Director, Karen querque, New Mexico. Director, Patrick Wickery. Clancy. Installations by Bill Beirne, Juan Downey, Dieter Froese, Robert Television/Productions Gaylor, Gary Hill, Joan Jonas, Rita Los Angeles. The Artist and Television: Myers, Bruce Nauman, Michael Smith, A Dialogue Between the Fine Arts and Steina, Francese Torres, Bill Viola. the Mass Media. Sponsored by ASCN Valencia, Calif. Hajj by Mabou Mines, Cable Network, Los Angeles, and Uni­ California Institute of the Arts. Written versity of Iowa, Iowa City. Interactive by Lee Breuer, performed by Ruth Mal­ satellite telecast connecting artists, crit­ eczech. Video by Craig Jones. Premiere ics, curators, and educators in Los performance of complete version of per­ Angeles, Iowa City, and New York. formance poem, which incorporates New York. Disarmament Video Survey. extensive use of live and recorded Organized by Skip Blumberg, Wendy videotape. Clarke, DeeDee Halleck, Karen Ra­ Yonkers, N.Y. Electronic Vision, Hud­ nucci, Sandy Tolan. Collaboration by son River Museum. Curator, John Min­ over 300 independent producers from kowksy. Installations by Gary Hill, New York, Washington, D.C., San Ralph Hocking and Sherry Miller, Dan Francisco, Great Britain, Germany, Sandin, Steina and Woody Vasulka. Japan, , the Netherlands, Mexico, New York and Long Beach, Calif. The Brazil, and other locations to compile Second Link: Viewpoints on Video in one-minute interviews with people about the Eighties. Organized by Lorne Falk, their views on nuclear arms and disar­ Walter Phillips Gallery at the Banff mament. Survey shown on cable televi­ Centre School of Fine Arts. United sion and presented as installations at States showing at The Museum of Mod­ American Film Institute National ern Art and Long Beach Museum of Video Festival in Washington, D.C. Art. Curators, Peggy Gale, Kathy Huff­ The VideoArtist. Producers: Eric Trigg, man, Barbara London, Brian McNevin, , Stuart Sha­ Dorine Mignot, Sandy Nairne. Works piro. Sixteen-part series on major video from Europe, Canada, U.S. Interna­ artists broadcast nationally over USA tional tour. Cable Network. Television/Productions 1983 Long Beach, Calif. Shared Realities, Exhibitions/Events Long Beach Museum of Art. Executive Minneapolis. The Media Arts in Transi­ Producer, Kathy Huffman. Series on tion. Conference organizers and spon­ local cable station of work produced by sors: Walker Art Center, National artists at the Station/Annex, program­ Downloaded by [George Washington University] at 20:00 03 February 2015 Alliance of Media Arts Centers ming about the museum, and local cul­ (NAMAC), Minneapolis College of Art tural programming. and Design, University Community New York. Perfect Lives by Robert Ash­ Video, Film in the Cities. Conference ley. Project Director, Carlota School­ programmers: Jennifer Lawson, John man. Video Director, John Sanborn. Minkowsky, Melinda Ward. Television opera in seven parts produced New York. The Intersection ofthe Word by The Kitchen. and the Visual Image, Women's Inter­ art Center. Colloquium involving art­ Barbara London has directed the Video ists, writers, and scholars on relationship Program at The Museum ofModern of language to the moving image, alter­ Art since 1974. She is a writer and native narratives, and the transforma­ lecturer, and has taught in the Film tion of literary, historical, performance, Department ofNew York University. and visual works to video. Screenings of international works. 1983 Biennial Exhibition, Whitney Museum of American Art. Installations by Shigeko Kubota and Mary Lucier. First touring video show of Biennial, through American Federation of Arts

262 Art Journal Published by rheCollege 4rl Association ifAmerica ArtJournal

Fall 1985 Video: The Reflexive Medillm Gllest Editor: Sara Hornbacher Downloaded by [George Mason University] at 00:08 08 January 2015

Bart Robbett, Backyard Earth Station, 1984. Published by the College ArtAssociation ArtJournal ofAmerica

Guest Editor Sara Hornbacher Managing Editor Rose R. Wei! EditorialAssociate Jane Levin Edelson Advertising Manager Minerva Navarrete Editorial Board Ellen Lanyon, Barbara Novak. George Sadek, Irving Sandler Fall 1985 Design Tom Kluepfel Vol. 45 No.3

Art Journal ISSN (0004-3249) is pub­ Video: The Reflexive Medium lished quarterly by the College Art Editor's Statement by Sara Hornbacher 191 Association of America, Inc., at 149 Madison Avenue, New York, NY Electra Myths: Video, , Postmodernism by Katherine Dieckmann 195 10016. Copyright 1985, College Art Association of America, Inc. All rights Why Don't They Tell Stories Like They Used To? by Ann-Sargent Wooster 204 reserved. No part of the contents may be reproduced without the written permis­ The Passion for Perceiving: Expanded Forms of Film and Video Art by John G. sion of the publisher. Second Class Hanhardt 213 postage paid at New York, NY and at additional mailing offices. Printed by From Gadget Video to Agit Video by Benjamin H.D. Buchloh 217 Waverly Press, Baltimore, Maryland. POSTMASTER: Send address changes Subject to Change: Guerrilla Television Revisited by Deirdre Boyle 228 to Art Journal, 149 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Tracking Video Art: "Image Processing" as a Genre by Lucinda Furlong 233 Art Journal is available through membership in the College Art Associa­ Pressure Points: Video in the Public Sphere by Martha Gever 238 tion of America. Subscriptions for non­ members $16 per year (foreign postage The New Sleep: Stasis and the Image-Bound Environment by Tricia Collins and add $4), single issues $5. Richard Milazzo 244

Downloaded by [George Mason University] at 00:08 08 January 2015 For membership and subscription information call or write CAA, 149 Video: A Selected Chronology, 1963-1983 by Barbara London 249 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, (212) 889-2113. Reviews: Five Exhibition Catalogues reviewed by Lori Zippay 263 / Peter Advertising information and rates D'Agostino and Antonio Muntadas, eds., The UnfNecessary Image, reviewed by available from CAA, 149 Madison Ave­ Marshall Reese 269 / Revising Romance: New Feminist Video, reviewed by nue, New York, NY 10016, (212) 889­ Marita Sturken 273 2113. Books and Catalogues Received 277 Correspondence for the Art Journal should be addressed to the Managing Correction: The volume number of the Manet issue (Spring 1985) is incorrectly Editor at the College Art Association, given on the Contents page of that issue. The correct number is: Vol. 45. 149 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

Fall 1985 189