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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0176364A1 Ninkov (43) Pub US 2003.01.76364A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0176364A1 Ninkov (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 18, 2003 (54) ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPEUTIC (52) U.S. Cl. ............................. 514/23: 514/537; 514/731 COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE (76) Inventor: Dusan Ninkov, San Diego, CA (US) (57) ABSTRACT Correspondence Address: O’MELVENY & MYERS LLP The invention provides therapeutic antimicrobial composi 400 So. Hope Street tions and methods for their use based on natural organic Los Angeles, CA 90071-2899 (US) phenolic compounds combined with pharmacological (21) Appl. No.: 10/370,411 agents. The antimicrobial activities of each carvacrol and thymol are believed to be enhanced, while the pharmaco (22) Filed: Feb. 18, 2003 logical properties of procaine and related compounds are added to provide their unique properties to facilitate useful Related U.S. Application Data neSS and effectiveness in humans. The therapeutic compo Sitions are active against bacterial, fungal, and protozoan (60) Provisional application No. 60/359,069, filed on Feb. infections. The forms of the invention are intended to treat 20, 2002. various internal infections through parenteral, Subcutaneous, Publication Classification intradermal, intravenous, and intramuscular injections. They are also intended as useful agents to treat microbial infec (51) Int. Cl." ..................... A61K 31/7024; A61K 31/24; tions that have become resistant to conventional anitibiotics A61K 31/05 as well as Secondary opportunistic infections. Carvacrol Thymol Procaine CH CH COOICH)N(CHCH.), OH or H OH CH(CH), CH(CH.) NH Procaine-CarvaCrol or Procaine-Thymol (Procarvol) (Prothymol) H CH CH, CH HO CH, OS CH O CH, G-O-(CH2)2-N to co-ICH)." Oy CH CH, CH(CH), CH, CH CH(CH.) NH NH Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 1 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 O Patent Application Publication US 2003/0176364 A1 GLaun61– Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 3 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 4 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 Z-Z‘9/-/ Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 5 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 Figure 3 Experimental Control Procarvo Antibiotics (Procaine-Carvacrol) Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 6 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 Figure 4 FIDA (GFDoe47D) Patent Application Publication Sep. 18, 2003 Sheet 7 of 7 US 2003/0176364 A1 Figure 5 Fid A. (GFIDoe47.o) - - - - - -- - - - - - - counts - -- - s s y 6400 i US 2003/0176364 A1 Sep. 18, 2003 ANTIMICROBAL THERAPEUTIC 0009. The true mints belong to the genus Mentha. Catnip COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS OF USE or catmint refers to a strong-scented perennial herb (Nepeta cataria) of the family Labiatae. Catnip is native to Europe CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED and Asia and naturalized in the United States. Although best APPLICATIONS known for its stimulating effect on cats, tea of the leaves and tops of the catnip plant have long been used as a domestic 0001. This application claims priority to U.S. provisional remedy for various ailments. For example, dry leaves from application No. 60/359,069 filed on Feb. 20, 2002. Nepeta cataria have been used for the production of tea, to treat restleSSneSS, nervousness, insanity, and as a tonic for BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION colic and carminative. 0002) 1. Field of the Invention 0010 Members of the Lamiaceae, Labiatae, and Verben aceae families of plants contain two chemical compounds in 0003. The present invention relates to preparing thera their volatile oils that have antimicrobial activities, and are peutics of an injectable Solution containing carvacrol and commonly referred to as carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-meth thymol isolated from natural origins for intramuscular or ylphenol or isopropyl-o-cresol) and thymol (5-methyl-21 intravenous application in the form of an organic complex methylethylphenol or isopropyl-cresol). These both are compounded with pharmacological base agents for use in monoturpene phenolic compounds and are potent antimi human and Veterinary medicine. crobial agents. They are effective against bacteria, fungi, and protozoan pathogens. Furthermore, it is believed that they 0004 2. Description of Related Art kill these organisms by disrupting their cellular membranes 0005 Treatment of infectious diseases is primarily done and do not Select resistant members of these pathogens. with antibiotics, Sulfonamides, Steroid hormones, antifungal, They are also not toxic for animals, including humans, and and antiprotozoan compounds. Viral infections are more have been used in natural herb form or in oil preparations difficult to treat and limited drugs are available that treat from these plants for many centuries. The development of a them without Significant Side effects. In the case of bacterial broad spectrum antimicrobial compound is important given and fungal disease, an increasing problem is the numbers of the increasing problems with antibiotic resistant organisms resistant and multi-drug resistant organisms. These neces including bacteria, yeast, fungi, and protozoan Species. sitate the use of antimicrobial drugs that have more toxic 0011. The antimicrobial activity of carvacrol and thymol Side effects that can often lead to liver and kidney damage. containing compounds is recognized by people skilled in the Thus, the development of antimicrobial compounds from art and been developed for use in birds and animals. For natural Sources, Such a medicinal herbs or plants, is an example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,990,178 discloses pharmaceutical advantageous Solution that addresses Some of these con compositions for treating a disease in poultry induced by cerns. The Lamiaceae and Labiatae families of plants are hemoflagellates. The pharmaceutical compositions dis known to have useful medicinal properties. The related closed therein contain the monoturpene phenolic com Verbenaceae family of plants also has similar medicinal pounds carvacrol and thymol. Both of these compounds are characteristics. can be Synthetic or obtained from oil eXtract from plants 0006 The common name for members of the Labiatae, a Such as Origanum vulgaris, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha pip large family of chiefly annual or perennial herbs, is the “mint erita, Thymus Sepilum, Saturia hortensis, Saturea montana, family.” The mint family is classified in the division Mag Saturea Subricata, Carum COrticum, Thymus zugus, Ocimum noliphyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Lamiales. The mint gratisimum, Moranda pungata, Mosla jananoica, and Salva family includes about 200 genera, Such as Salvia (Sage), of cinalis. The 718 patent shows that the carvacrol and RoSmarinus (rosemary), Mentha (mint), Ocimum (basil), thymol are effective in treating a histomoniasis protozoan Thymus (thyme), Marrubium (hoarhound), Monarda (horse infection in various birds. A problem exists in that Such mint), Trichostema (bluecurls), Teucrium, Hyptis, Physos monoturpene phenolic compounds may cause irritation and tegia, Lamium (henbit), Stachys, Scutellaria (skullcap), pain and So are not well Suited for use in humans. Nepeta (catmint). Members of the Verbenaceae family 0012. Also, U.S. Pat. No. 6,322,825 discloses pharma include Lippia (Mexican Oregano) and Lycopus. The plants ceutical compositions for treating gastrointestinal infections in the mint family are typically shrubby or climbing, in animals. The pharmaceutical compositions disclosed although Some exist as Small trees. The plants are found therein contain carvacrol and/or thymol. Thymol and car throughout the world. vacrol which can be synthetic or obtained from plant oil extracts, Such as Origanum vulgaris, Thymus vulgaris, Men 0007. The mint family is well known for the aromatic tha piperita, Thymus Sepilum, Saturia hortensis, Saturea Volatile or essential oils in the foliage, which are used in montana, Saturea Subricata, Carum COrticum, Thymus perfumes, flavorings, and medicines. Among the more zugus, Ocimum gratisimum, Moranda pungata, Mosla jan important essential oils are those derived from Sage, laven anoica, and Salva of cinalis. In the 825 patent the use of the der, rosemary, patchouli, and the true mints. Many of the antimicrobial agents use is extended showing that the car commonly used herbs are from the mint family, e.g., basil, vacrol and thymol containing compounds are effective thyme, Savory, marjoram, oregano, and the like. against a large number of bacterial and fungal Species. The 0008 Many of these plants such as catnip, pennyroyal, application of Such compounds is likely to result in Signifi hySSop, Self-heal, and the horehound of confectionery have cant gastrointestinal distress in humans precluding there use a history of medicinal use in domestic remedies. Others are as therapeutic agents. used as curative teas, for example, bee balm and yerba 0013 The U.S. Pat. No. 6,414,036 discloses composi Buena. tions of carvacrol (isopropyl-o-cresol) and thymol (isopro US 2003/0176364 A1 Sep. 18, 2003 pyl-cresol) combined with Group I salts or organic acids that and homeostasis. The local anesthetics procaine and have antimicrobial activity. The compounds are effective lidocaine are well Suited to provide their pharmacological against a broad number of bacterial, yeast, fungal, and anesthetic activity to reduce pain and/or irritation associated protozoan Species. Furthermore, the compounds are with the organic phenolic component. Other pharmacologi believed to have enhanced antimicrobial activity due to the cal compounds that are contemplated and may be combined reaction with Group I
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