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1 Retail Listings 2011 by USDA Zone, As of Sept 5 - Please Check for Current Availability
1 Retail listings 2011 by USDA zone, as of Sept 5 - please check for current availability USDA zone: 2 Alcea rosea 'Nigra' Classic hollyhock with dark maroon, nearly black flowers covering the 5-8 ft spires in July and August. They like well-drained soil and full to part sun with average summer water. Short-lived, they reseed easily establishing long-lived colonies. Frost hardy in USDA zone 2. 4in @ $3 Malvaceae Lindelofia longiflora Bright blue flowered cousin of a forget-me-not which blooms from late spring to frost. Long-live perennial, clumping to 2 ft by 2 ft in rich, moist soil in a half shady spot– think woodland. Great for a border that gets some water, but not much attention otherwise. Hardy to 25 below. 6in @ $12 Boraginaceae Physocarpus opulifolius 'Dart's Gold' golden ninebark Its golden foliage highlights the pure white, fragrant, summer flowers and brilliant red fruit in autumn. Peeling bark adds interest to this durable hedging plant or specimen, deciduous, to 5 ft tall and wide, smaller than the species. Out of the hottest afternoon sun seems to suit it best for foliage color. Can take a bit of drought, but best with a little summer water. Takes will to pruning. Frost hardy in USDA zone 2. 1g @ $12, 2g @ $22 Rosaceae Rosa glauca red leaf rose Grown as much for its foliage as its flowers this deciduous shrub, to 6 ft tall x 5 ft wide, has glaucous blue foliage and, in June, single pink flowers with white centers. Lovely rose hips follow and remain through the winter. -
Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess
Pollen wasps and flowers in southern Africa Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess SANBI Biodiversity Series 18 Pollen wasps and flowers in southern Africa by Sarah K. Gess and Friedrich W. Gess Department of Entomology, Albany Museum and Rhodes University, Grahamstown Pretoria 2010 SANBI Biodiversity Series The South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) was established on 1 September 2004 through the signing into force of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (NEMBA) No. 10 of 2004 by President Thabo Mbeki. The Act expands the mandate of the former National Botanical Institute to include responsibilities relating to the full diversity of South Africa’s fauna and flora, and builds on the internationally respected programmes in conservation, research, education and visitor services developed by the National Botanical Institute and its predecessors over the past century. The vision of SANBI: Biodiversity richness for all South Africans. SANBI’s mission is to champion the exploration, conservation, sustainable use, appreciation and enjoyment of South Africa’s exceptionally rich biodiversity for all people. SANBI Biodiversity Series publishes occasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities initiated by or executed in partnership with SANBI. Technical editor: Emsie du Plessis Design & layout: Bob Greyvenstein Cover design: Bob Greyvenstein How to cite this publication GESS, S.K. & GESS, F.W. 2010. Pollen wasps and flowers in southern Africa. SANBI Biodiversity Series 18. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. ISBN 978-1-919976-60-0 © Published by: South African National Biodiversity Institute. Obtainable from: SANBI Bookshop, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa. Tel.: +27 12 843-5000. -
Liste-Exploitants-Aeronefs.Pdf
EN EN EN COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES Brussels, XXX C(2009) XXX final COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No xxx/2009 of on the list of aircraft operators which performed an aviation activity listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC on or after 1 January 2006 specifying the administering Member State for each aircraft operator (Text with EEA relevance) EN EN COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No xxx/2009 of on the list of aircraft operators which performed an aviation activity listed in Annex I to Directive 2003/87/EC on or after 1 January 2006 specifying the administering Member State for each aircraft operator (Text with EEA relevance) THE COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNITIES, Having regard to the Treaty establishing the European Community, Having regard to Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a system for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC1, and in particular Article 18a(3)(a) thereof, Whereas: (1) Directive 2003/87/EC, as amended by Directive 2008/101/EC2, includes aviation activities within the scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community (hereinafter the "Community scheme"). (2) In order to reduce the administrative burden on aircraft operators, Directive 2003/87/EC provides for one Member State to be responsible for each aircraft operator. Article 18a(1) and (2) of Directive 2003/87/EC contains the provisions governing the assignment of each aircraft operator to its administering Member State. The list of aircraft operators and their administering Member States (hereinafter "the list") should ensure that each operator knows which Member State it will be regulated by and that Member States are clear on which operators they should regulate. -
In Vitro Propagation and Nacl Tolerance of the Multipurpose
HORTSCIENCE 55(4):436–443. 2020. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14584-19 sion and biodiversity maintenance, and for reduction of energy and water consumption, whereas their potential salinity tolerance In Vitro Propagation and NaCl could be an important commercial feature for reducing production costs (Cassaniti and Tolerance of the Multipurpose Romano, 2011). It is noteworthy that there are 1 billion hectares of salt-affected land Medicinal Halophyte Limoniastrum worldwide that may be resource opportuni- ties for halotechnologies, such as halophyte monopetalum crops and landscape plants, which grow bet- ter under high salinities (Yensen, 2008). Aikaterini N. Martini and Maria Papafotiou Halophytes adapt to salinity through complex Laboratory of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Department of Crop mechanisms of avoidance, evasion, or adap- tation processes and tolerance (Breckle, Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 118 55 Athens, 2002). L. monopetalum adsorbs salts and then Greece secretes them through salt glands found on its leaves, a strategy that makes it a typical Additional index words. ex vitro acclimatization, in vitro rooting, Mediterranean native plant, halophyte (Akoumianaki-Ioannidou et al., salinity tolerance, shoot multiplication 2015). Several halophytes deal with fre- Abstract. Limoniastrum monopetalum is an evergreen perennial shrub native to Medi- quent changes in salinity level and synthe- terranean coastal sands and salt marshes. It has adapted to a variety of environmental size several bioactive molecules (primary stresses and is used in traditional medicine and as an ornamental plant. In the present and secondary metabolites) that display study, an efficient micropropagation protocol for this species was developed to facilitate potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti- the production of selected genotypes and promote its wider use. -
Poisoning of Tained 1N Human Beings by Weeds Con- (Bread Poisoning.)
Onderstepo01·t Journal of Veterinary Science and A.111:mal I ndustry, Vol'ume I, Number 1. 1933. Poisoning of Human Beings by Weeds con tained 1n Cereals (Bread Poisoning.) By D. G. STEYN, B.Sc., Dr. Med. Vet., Veterinary Research Officer, Onderste poort. I. INTRODUCTION. '''II. PLANTS DISCUSSED IK THIS ARTICLE : A. Borraginaeeae. Lithospermum arvense L. B. Caryophyllaceae. (a) Ag1·ostemma Githayo L. (b) Silene gallica L. C. Compositae. (a) Centaurea picris DC. x(b) Senecio arenarius Thunb. x(c) Seneciv Bu1·chellii DC. x(d) Senecio ilicifolius Thunb. x(e) Senecio isatideus DO. x(j) Senecio laevigat1.ts Thnnb. x(g) Senecio rigidus L. x(h) Senecio rosma.rinifolius L . f. D. Cruciferae. (a) Raphanus raphanistrum L. E. Euphorbiaceac. (a) Euphorbia helioscopia L. (b) Eupho1·bia pepl1.ts L. (c) Ricinus communis L. F. Graminae. Loliv.m terrmlentum L. G. Legnminosae. Yicia sativa L . H. Polygonaceae. Rumex Acetosella L. * Only those plants marked with an x are indigenous. 219 POISONING BY WEEDS CONTATNED IN CEREALS. I. Solanaceae. (a) Datura Stramon·ium L. (b) Datum Tatula L. III. LEGAL ASPECT. TV. DISCUSSION. A. Plants Concerned in Bread Poisoning and in Poisoning by other Foodstuffs Cultivated on Lands. B. }.._re Senecio spp. Concerned in the so-called " Bread Poisoning " in Human Beings. C. Circumstances favouring Bread Poisoning. D. Effect of the Process of Preparation of Bread on the Toxicity of Weeds Contaminating the ::V1ea1. E. The Cause of Death in Senecio Poisoning. v. SUM:\fARY. VI. AcKNowr.EDGENIENTs. VII. LITERATURE. I. INTRODUCTION. fn this article the term " bread poisoning" signifies poisoning caused by the ingestion of bread prepared from wheat contaminated with extraneous seeds. -
Horticultura Revista De Industria Distribución Y Socioeconomía Hortícola, ISSN: 1132-2950
m PRODUCCION DE ORNAMENTALES , 1 Ornamentales I y sostenibilidad I M PERE CABOT 1 ROIG IRTA Cabrils [email protected] Cuando, como en este mo- Centrathus ruber En las épocas de crecimiento Creo que en jardinería es im- mento, las sociedades de los paí- L. (arriba); urbanístico, se han ejecutado mul- prescindible mantener criterios de ses mhs avanzados y ricos, se Cistus salviifolius titud de ajardinamientos, tanto valor ornamental y también, coin- muestran insolidarias desde la L. y Coronilla públicos como privados, siguien- cidiendo con una creciente de- perspectiva inedioambiental, se glauca L. do modelos poco o nada adapta- manda social, ir avanzando hacia hace cada vez más necesario em- (página opuesta). dos al entorno: jardines con gran- la jardinería sostenible, basada plear con buen criterio, por su des requerimientos hídricos y de fundamentalmente en el uso efi- enorme carga solidaria. el término mantenimiento, que han necesita- ciente del agua, los bajos costes "sostenibilidad". Me refiero a do grandes aportaciones de fertili- de mantenimiento, la lucha inte- usarlo en el sentido de dura- zantes químicos y multitud de tra- grada contra plagas y enfermeda- bilidad, de no estirar más el brazo tamientos fitosanitarios y en los des, el reciclaje, etc., pero, sobre que la manga, pensando, sobre que se han utilizado, en muchas todo, en la utilización de especies todo, en las generaciones venide- ocasiones, especies poco adapta- bien adaptadas a las condiciones ras. das. microclimáticas de la zona. m- m- . 1 :- i I HORTICULTURA La jardinería y los jardines son siempre el resultado de la vo- luntad de embellecer el medio na- tural, sea urbano, periurbano o ru- ral. -
Ranunculaceae) for Asian and North American Taxa
Mosyakin, S.L. 2018. Further new combinations in Anemonastrum (Ranunculaceae) for Asian and North American taxa. Phytoneuron 2018-55: 1–11. Published 13 August 2018. ISSN 2153 733X FURTHER NEW COMBINATIONS IN ANEMONASTRUM (RANUNCULACEAE) FOR ASIAN AND NORTH AMERICAN TAXA SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska Street Kiev (Kyiv), 01004 Ukraine [email protected] ABSTRACT Following the proposed re-circumscription of genera in the group of Anemone L. and related taxa of Ranunculaceae (Mosyakin 2016, Christenhusz et al. 2018) and based on recent molecular phylogenetic and partly morphological evidence, the genus Anemonastrum Holub is recognized here in an expanded circumscription (including Anemonidium (Spach) Holub, Arsenjevia Starod., Tamuria Starod., and Jurtsevia Á. Löve & D. Löve) covering members of the “Anemone ” clade with x=7, but excluding Hepatica Mill., a genus well outlined morphologically and forming a separate subclade (accepted by Hoot et al. (2012) as Anemone subg. Anemonidium (Spach) Juz. sect. Hepatica (Mill.) Spreng.) within the clade earlier recognized taxonomically as Anemone subg. Anemonidium (sensu Hoot et al. 2012). The following new combinations at the section and subsection ranks are validated: Anemonastrum Holub sect. Keiskea (Tamura) Mosyakin, comb. nov . ( Anemone sect. Keiskea Tamura); Anemonastrum [sect. Keiskea ] subsect. Keiskea (Tamura) Mosyakin, comb. nov .; Anemonastrum [sect. Keiskea ] subsect. Arsenjevia (Starod.) Mosyakin, comb. nov . ( Arsenjevia Starod.); and Anemonastrum [sect. Anemonastrum ] subsect. Himalayicae (Ulbr.) Mosyakin, comb. nov. ( Anemone ser. Himalayicae Ulbr.). The new nomenclatural combination Anemonastrum deltoideum (Hook.) Mosyakin, comb. nov . ( Anemone deltoidea Hook.) is validated for a North American species related to East Asian Anemonastrum keiskeanum (T. -
Etude Sur L'origine Et L'évolution Des Variations Florales Chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) À Travers La Morphologie, L'anatomie Et La Tératologie
Etude sur l'origine et l'évolution des variations florales chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) à travers la morphologie, l'anatomie et la tératologie : 2019SACLS126 : NNT Thèse de doctorat de l'Université Paris-Saclay préparée à l'Université Paris-Sud ED n°567 : Sciences du végétal : du gène à l'écosystème (SDV) Spécialité de doctorat : Biologie Thèse présentée et soutenue à Paris, le 29/05/2019, par Felipe Espinosa Moreno Composition du Jury : Bernard Riera Chargé de Recherche, CNRS (MECADEV) Rapporteur Julien Bachelier Professeur, Freie Universität Berlin (DCPS) Rapporteur Catherine Damerval Directrice de Recherche, CNRS (Génétique Quantitative et Evolution Le Moulon) Présidente Dario De Franceschi Maître de Conférences, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (CR2P) Examinateur Sophie Nadot Professeure, Université Paris-Sud (ESE) Directrice de thèse Florian Jabbour Maître de conférences, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (ISYEB) Invité Etude sur l'origine et l'évolution des variations florales chez Delphinium L. (Ranunculaceae) à travers la morphologie, l'anatomie et la tératologie Remerciements Ce manuscrit présente le travail de doctorat que j'ai réalisé entre les années 2016 et 2019 au sein de l'Ecole doctorale Sciences du végétale: du gène à l'écosystème, à l'Université Paris-Saclay Paris-Sud et au Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Même si sa réalisation a impliqué un investissement personnel énorme, celui-ci a eu tout son sens uniquement et grâce à l'encadrement, le soutien et l'accompagnement de nombreuses personnes que je remercie de la façon la plus sincère. Je remercie très spécialement Florian Jabbour et Sophie Nadot, mes directeurs de thèse. -
Preliminary Classification of Leotiomycetes
Mycosphere 10(1): 310–489 (2019) www.mycosphere.org ISSN 2077 7019 Article Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes Ekanayaka AH1,2, Hyde KD1,2, Gentekaki E2,3, McKenzie EHC4, Zhao Q1,*, Bulgakov TS5, Camporesi E6,7 1Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China 2Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 3School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand 4Landcare Research Manaaki Whenua, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand 5Russian Research Institute of Floriculture and Subtropical Crops, 2/28 Yana Fabritsiusa Street, Sochi 354002, Krasnodar region, Russia 6A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy. 7A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314 Brescia, Italy. Ekanayaka AH, Hyde KD, Gentekaki E, McKenzie EHC, Zhao Q, Bulgakov TS, Camporesi E 2019 – Preliminary classification of Leotiomycetes. Mycosphere 10(1), 310–489, Doi 10.5943/mycosphere/10/1/7 Abstract Leotiomycetes is regarded as the inoperculate class of discomycetes within the phylum Ascomycota. Taxa are mainly characterized by asci with a simple pore blueing in Melzer’s reagent, although some taxa have lost this character. The monophyly of this class has been verified in several recent molecular studies. However, circumscription of the orders, families and generic level delimitation are still unsettled. This paper provides a modified backbone tree for the class Leotiomycetes based on phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, SSU, TEF, and RPB2 loci. In the phylogenetic analysis, Leotiomycetes separates into 19 clades, which can be recognized as orders and order-level clades. -
Voorzover We Weten Zijn Dit Alle Italiaanse Motormerken Vanaf Anno Toen Tot Anno Nu
Voorzover we weten zijn dit alle Italiaanse motormerken vanaf anno toen tot anno nu. Als we er onverhoopt toch een paar missen laten we dat niet op ons zitten. Laat het maar weten en we passen onderstaande lijst zo snel mogelijk aan. Abignente, Abra, Accosato, AD, Aermacchi, Aero-Caproni, Aester, Aetos, Agostini, Agrati, AIM, Alato, Alcyon Italiana, Aldbert, Alfa, Algat, Aliprandi, Alkro, Almia, Alpina, Alpino, Altea, Amisa, AMR, Ancilotti, Ancora, Anzani, Ape, Aprilia, Aquila (Bologna), Aquila (Rome), Ardea, Ardito, Ares, Ariz, Arzani, Aspes, Aspi, Asso, Aster, Astoria, Astra, Astro, Atala (Milaan), Atala (Padua), Attolini, Augusta, Azzaritti Bantam, Baroni, Bartali, Basigli, Baudo, Bazzoni, BB, Beccaccino- Beccaria, Benelli, Benotto, Bernardi, Berneg, Bertoni, Beta, Bettocchi, Bianchi, Bikron, Bimm, Bimota, Bimotor, Bilatto, BM, BMA, BM-Bonvicini, BMP, Bordone, Borghi, Borgo, B&P, Breda, BRM, Brouiller, BSU, BS-Villa, Bucher, Bulleri, Busi-Nettunian Cabrera, Cagiva, Calcaterra, Calvi, Campanella, Capello, Cappa, Capponi, Capriolo, Caproni-Vizzola, Carcano, Carda, Cardani, Carnielli, Carneti, Carngelutti, Carriti, Carrù, Casalini, Casoli, Cavicchioli, CBR, Ceccato, Centaurus, CF, CFG, Chianale, Chiorda, Cicala, Cigno, Cima, Cimatti, Cislaghi, CM, CMK, CMP, CNA, Colella, Colombo, COM, Comet, Comfort, Conti, Coppi, Cozzo, CRT Dall-Oglio, Dardo, DB, DBM, De Agostini, De Stefano & Conti , De Togin, Deca, Dei, Della Ferrera, Demm, Devil, Di Blasi, Di Pietro, Dick-Dick, Dionisi, Doglioli & Civardi, Dominissini, Doniselli, Dotta, DP, DRS, Ducati -
(Asteraceae): a Relict Genus of Cichorieae?
Anales del Jardín Botánico de Madrid Vol. 65(2): 367-381 julio-diciembre 2008 ISSN: 0211-1322 Warionia (Asteraceae): a relict genus of Cichorieae? by Liliana Katinas1, María Cristina Tellería2, Alfonso Susanna3 & Santiago Ortiz4 1 División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 2 Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Evolutiva, Museo de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. [email protected] 3 Instituto Botánico de Barcelona, Pg. del Migdia s.n., 08038 Barcelona, Spain. [email protected] 4 Laboratorio de Botánica, Facultade de Farmacia, Universidade de Santiago, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. [email protected] Abstract Resumen Katinas, L., Tellería, M.C., Susanna, A. & Ortiz, S. 2008. Warionia Katinas, L., Tellería, M.C., Susanna, A. & Ortiz, S. 2008. Warionia (Asteraceae): a relict genus of Cichorieae? Anales Jard. Bot. Ma- (Asteraceae): un género relicto de Cichorieae? Anales Jard. Bot. drid 65(2): 367-381. Madrid 65(2): 367-381 (en inglés). The genus Warionia, with its only species W. saharae, is endemic to El género Warionia, y su única especie, W. saharae, es endémico the northwestern edge of the African Sahara desert. This is a some- del noroeste del desierto africano del Sahara. Es una planta seme- what thistle-like aromatic plant, with white latex, and fleshy, pin- jante a un cardo, aromática, con látex blanco y hojas carnosas, nately-partite leaves. Warionia is in many respects so different from pinnatipartidas. Warionia es tan diferente de otros géneros de any other genus of Asteraceae, that it has been tentatively placed Asteraceae que fue ubicada en las tribus Cardueae, Cichorieae, in the tribes Cardueae, Cichorieae, Gundelieae, and Mutisieae. -
Illustrated Flora of East Texas Illustrated Flora of East Texas
ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS ILLUSTRATED FLORA OF EAST TEXAS IS PUBLISHED WITH THE SUPPORT OF: MAJOR BENEFACTORS: DAVID GIBSON AND WILL CRENSHAW DISCOVERY FUND U.S. FISH AND WILDLIFE FOUNDATION (NATIONAL PARK SERVICE, USDA FOREST SERVICE) TEXAS PARKS AND WILDLIFE DEPARTMENT SCOTT AND STUART GENTLING BENEFACTORS: NEW DOROTHEA L. LEONHARDT FOUNDATION (ANDREA C. HARKINS) TEMPLE-INLAND FOUNDATION SUMMERLEE FOUNDATION AMON G. CARTER FOUNDATION ROBERT J. O’KENNON PEG & BEN KEITH DORA & GORDON SYLVESTER DAVID & SUE NIVENS NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY OF TEXAS DAVID & MARGARET BAMBERGER GORDON MAY & KAREN WILLIAMSON JACOB & TERESE HERSHEY FOUNDATION INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT: AUSTIN COLLEGE BOTANICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF TEXAS SID RICHARDSON CAREER DEVELOPMENT FUND OF AUSTIN COLLEGE II OTHER CONTRIBUTORS: ALLDREDGE, LINDA & JACK HOLLEMAN, W.B. PETRUS, ELAINE J. BATTERBAE, SUSAN ROBERTS HOLT, JEAN & DUNCAN PRITCHETT, MARY H. BECK, NELL HUBER, MARY MAUD PRICE, DIANE BECKELMAN, SARA HUDSON, JIM & YONIE PRUESS, WARREN W. BENDER, LYNNE HULTMARK, GORDON & SARAH ROACH, ELIZABETH M. & ALLEN BIBB, NATHAN & BETTIE HUSTON, MELIA ROEBUCK, RICK & VICKI BOSWORTH, TONY JACOBS, BONNIE & LOUIS ROGNLIE, GLORIA & ERIC BOTTONE, LAURA BURKS JAMES, ROI & DEANNA ROUSH, LUCY BROWN, LARRY E. JEFFORDS, RUSSELL M. ROWE, BRIAN BRUSER, III, MR. & MRS. HENRY JOHN, SUE & PHIL ROZELL, JIMMY BURT, HELEN W. JONES, MARY LOU SANDLIN, MIKE CAMPBELL, KATHERINE & CHARLES KAHLE, GAIL SANDLIN, MR. & MRS. WILLIAM CARR, WILLIAM R. KARGES, JOANN SATTERWHITE, BEN CLARY, KAREN KEITH, ELIZABETH & ERIC SCHOENFELD, CARL COCHRAN, JOYCE LANEY, ELEANOR W. SCHULTZE, BETTY DAHLBERG, WALTER G. LAUGHLIN, DR. JAMES E. SCHULZE, PETER & HELEN DALLAS CHAPTER-NPSOT LECHE, BEVERLY SENNHAUSER, KELLY S. DAMEWOOD, LOGAN & ELEANOR LEWIS, PATRICIA SERLING, STEVEN DAMUTH, STEVEN LIGGIO, JOE SHANNON, LEILA HOUSEMAN DAVIS, ELLEN D.