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Horticultura Revista De Industria Distribución Y Socioeconomía Hortícola, ISSN: 1132-2950 m PRODUCCION DE ORNAMENTALES , 1 Ornamentales I y sostenibilidad I M PERE CABOT 1 ROIG IRTA Cabrils [email protected] Cuando, como en este mo- Centrathus ruber En las épocas de crecimiento Creo que en jardinería es im- mento, las sociedades de los paí- L. (arriba); urbanístico, se han ejecutado mul- prescindible mantener criterios de ses mhs avanzados y ricos, se Cistus salviifolius titud de ajardinamientos, tanto valor ornamental y también, coin- muestran insolidarias desde la L. y Coronilla públicos como privados, siguien- cidiendo con una creciente de- perspectiva inedioambiental, se glauca L. do modelos poco o nada adapta- manda social, ir avanzando hacia hace cada vez más necesario em- (página opuesta). dos al entorno: jardines con gran- la jardinería sostenible, basada plear con buen criterio, por su des requerimientos hídricos y de fundamentalmente en el uso efi- enorme carga solidaria. el término mantenimiento, que han necesita- ciente del agua, los bajos costes "sostenibilidad". Me refiero a do grandes aportaciones de fertili- de mantenimiento, la lucha inte- usarlo en el sentido de dura- zantes químicos y multitud de tra- grada contra plagas y enfermeda- bilidad, de no estirar más el brazo tamientos fitosanitarios y en los des, el reciclaje, etc., pero, sobre que la manga, pensando, sobre que se han utilizado, en muchas todo, en la utilización de especies todo, en las generaciones venide- ocasiones, especies poco adapta- bien adaptadas a las condiciones ras. das. microclimáticas de la zona. m- m- . 1 :- i I HORTICULTURA La jardinería y los jardines son siempre el resultado de la vo- luntad de embellecer el medio na- tural, sea urbano, periurbano o ru- ral. La reconversión del jardín en otro con criterios de sostenibi- lidad hace que vaya en aumento la utilización de especies autócto- nas que presenten valores orna- mentales de interés. También, pensando en los valores ornamen- tales, soy partidario de usar espe- cies mediterráneas bien adapta- das, siempre y cuando su utiliza- ción no comporte variaciones en el medio natural donde ocasional- mente puedan ser introducidas. IEn momentos en que la perspectiva medioambiental se encuentra descuidada, se debe utilizar con buen criterio el término "sostenibilidad" El IRTA, en coordinación con otras comunidades autóno- mas, ha estado estudiando el com- portamiento, adaptación y valor ornamental de algunas especies procedentes de otras zonas de cli- ma mediterráneo y, más reciente- mente, en colaboración con el ClFH de La Mojonera, el proyec- to coordinado del INIA (SC98- 073) sobre "Estudio, evaluación e introducción de nuevas especies autóctonas mediterráneas de la ré de forma resumida las caracte- de abril hasta julio y después si- Península Ibérica y Baleares para rísticas más interesantes desde el gue floreciendo aunque mucho usos ornamentales y paisajísti- punto de vista de su aplicación en menos hasta principios de otoño. COS". jardinería. La planta se resiembra abun- De las muchas especies estu- dantemente, por lo que es muy in- diadas que me parecen adecuadas -Centranthus ruber (L) teresante en la colonización de ta- para jardinería, dejo para un DC.(F. VALERIANACEAE) ludes. próximo artículo las tapizantes de Origen: Sur de Europa, Áfri- Alcanza una altura de unos amplia cobertura y he selecciona- ca del Norte. 80-90 cm y aguanta golpes de frío do diez (un poco condicionado Planta herbácea de hojas hasta unos - 15°C. por la longitud del presente artí- semipersistentes verde-azulado. Cistus salviifolius L. culo), aunque se puede tener in- Indiferente edáfica. (F.CISTACEAE) formaciún más amplia si se con- Flores rosa-rojizo. Hay un Origen: Región mediterrá- sultan las referencias bibliográfi- cultivar de flores blancas. La flo- nea, Cáucaso. cas. De estas diez especies, referi- ración es abundante desde finales Arbusto de pequeñas hojas PRODUCCION- DE ORNAMENTALES- 1 - 4 IEn épocas de gran crecimiento urbanístico se ejecutan multitud de ajardinamientos siguiendo modelos poco o nada adaptados al entorno m. de altura y aguanta golpes de frío de -12 a -15°C. Coronilla glauca L. (F. FABACEAE) Origen: Región mediterránea. Arbusto de hojas alternas persistentes de color verde-azula- verde-grisáceas ligeramente rugo- Erica rnultiflora L. Es la única jara que vegeta do. Porte erecto redondeado. Es sas. Porte muy ramificado y espe- muy bien tanto al sol como a la indiferente edáfica. so en forma de bola. Suelos neu- sombra y coloniza el soto-bosque. Flores perfumadas amarillo tros o ligeramente calcáreos. Para cada tipo de suelo, se pueda brillante desde finales de enero Flores blancas desde finales encontrar un Cistus idóneo. hasta marzo. de abril hasta junio. La planta llega a alcanzar 1 Interesante en jardinería por su gran resistencia a la sequía y el período de floración. Puede pasar de I m de altura y aguantar golpes de frío de -12 a - 15°C. Erica multifora L . (F. ERICACEAE) Origen: Región mediterránea. Arbusto perennifolio de pe- queñas hojas verde brillante. Por- te redondeado erecto. Es basófila calcícola. Hermosas flores rosadas desde agosto hasta diciembre. Es el único brezo que soporta bien la cal y. además, es muy resis- tente a la sequía. Esta característica y su período de floraci6n hacen que tenga un gran interés en jardinería sostenible. Puede alcanzar hasta unos Origen: África del Sur. Eriocephalus suelos neutros o ligeramente 70 cm de altura y aguantar gol- Arbusto de hermosas hojas africanus L alcalinos. pes de frío de - 12 a - 15°C. persistentes y aromáticas de color Flores blancas de octubre a grisáceo plateado. El porte, re- enero. Frutos algodonosos blan- Eriocephalus africanus L. dondeado e irregular es denso y cos desde enero hasta marzo. (F. COMPOSITAE) muy ramificado. Vegeta mejor en Muy resistente a la sequía y ...p ara vender mar Y mdor I i Su mercado de peticiones de oferta : de plantas y flores ! ir-*- -. -,-S-- -- Creacl6n de una petición de oferta lectividades Lacal 1 Para mntsctamos : T&.: *33i%aa tJsw FePr,Fox:+33i%2SW54 - Anuirch ~lbsiflcados Su catálogo en IZ M-ii-i-942a-k.PaM-fardr - PRODUCCION DE ORNAMENTALES , En ia jardinería es imprescindible mantener criterios de ornamentalidad e ir avanzando, simultáneamente, hacia la jardinería sostenible Flores rosa-carmín. Amplia floración de abril hasta julio. Soporta la sequía, pero pre- fiere un riego ocasional. Tiene buena resistencia a las condicio- nes naturales en jardines cercanos al mar. Puede alcanzar una altura de m hasta 3 m y aguantar golpes de frío de -10 a -12°C. Hypericum balearicum L. (F.GUTTlFERAE) Origen: Islas Baleares. Mata de porte redondeado, con hojas perennifolias aromáti- cas coriáceas, de color verde per- sistente y margen ondulado. Sue- los básicos o neutros. Flores olorosas. La floración es abundante desde diciembre hasta mayo, aunque en lugares cá- lidos, puede ir dando flores prác- ticamente todo el año. Bastante resistente a la se- quía. Puede ser utilizada en jardi- nes cercanos al mar. Puede alcanzar una altura cercana a 1 m y aguantar golpes de frío hasta -8 - 10°C. ILa reconversión del jardín utilizando bastante a la salinidad. Estas ca- Escallonia rubra Escallonia rubra var. racterísticas, el período de flora- var. Macrantha Macrantha Hook et Arn. criterios de sostenibilidad ción y su buena adaptación hacen Hook et arn (F.ESCALLONIACEAE) permnite la utilización que pueda ser muy útil en jardine- Origen: Chile. tanto de planta autóctona ría. Hypericum Arbusto de hojas persistentes como también de otras Suele alcanzar una altura al- balearicurn L de un bonito color verde brillante. rededor de los 80-90 cm. Es bas- Porte redondeado, denso y ramifi- especies mediterráneas tante termófila y aguanta golpes cado. Prefiere suelos bien drena- bien adaptadas de frío de -5 a -7°C. dos y poco calcáreos. r HORTICULTURA L 1 I 1 I C i i A d ~HYTOhi 4 UIIU~IUL u L~~~DNUU(~niu i rurtatuifi t . I Limoniastrum Limoniastrum monopetalum Gestión de integrado monopetalum L (L.) Boiss. de riego, fertilización, (F.PLUMBAGINACEAE) control climático y Medicago citrina Origen: Región mediterránea. comunicaciones. (Font Quer) Greuter Arbusto-mata de hojas persis- Una completa gama de tentes gris azuladas, espesas y cu- programadores, riosamente torceadas. Es una planta estaciones con todo tipo - halófila (crece bien en suelos sali- de sondas, materiales nos). mlu de riego... permiten el mAUUlllF Los jardines Flores color rosa-púrpura des- adecuado nivel de Urb. La Font, 1 sosteni bles se de junio hasta septiembre. tecnificación a las 03550 SAN JUAN DE ALICANTE (Alicante) Especie muy resistente a la se- Tel.: t34-965 656 610 basan en la necesidades Fax: t34-965 941 060 quía y a la salinidad. Muy intere- particulates de cada utilización de sante en jardines de zonas mariti- explotación IIIYUiIMml U ünimur, 22 - 46700 GANDIA (Valencia) especies bien mas y10 de salinidad elevada. hortofrutícola. I U.:*34-9@ 873 134 Porte horizontal- cónico- erec- fw *34-962@68196 adaptadas a la to de hasta lm de altura. Rustici- mmmBiMI zona, lo que Cta & Lcm&n -#wrioAGUllAS (Murcia) dad: -8 a -10°C. Td t34-988 410 4í4 redunda en un Fa% ca6.968 48g (177 uso eficiente del Medicago citrina (Font Quer) Greuter. (F. FABACEAE) Clra Roquetas-La Molonera, 409 Km 2 agua y bajos 04740 ROOUETAS DE MAR (Almeria) Origen: Islas Baleares (Cabre- el t34-950 325 506 costes de ra, Ibiza) y Columbretes. w +34-950 325 505 mantenimiento Arbusto perennifolio que a - menudo pierde parte de las hojas en Atlántica Agrícola, s.a. PRODUCCION DE ORNAMENTALES , • verano. Las hojas pecioladas, Pistacia los 2 m de altura y aguantar gol- compuestas, trifoliadas de color lentiscus L. pes de frío de -8 a - 10°C. verde-grisáceo. Es indiferente Pistacia lentiscus L. Argimon,X. Chindiilh,C. 1W. edáfica, aunque prefiere suelos (F. ANACARDIACEAE) Guia ct'mbwts per j~trdineriaI básicos. Origen: Región mediterránea. paisatgisme mediterranis.
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