Developmental Stages of Peach, Plum, and Apple Fruit Influence
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Report of a Working Group on Prunus: Sixth and Seventh Meetings
European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20-21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1-3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers IPGRI and INIBAP operate under the name Bioversity International Supported by the CGIAR European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Report of a Working Resources ECP GR Group on Prunus Sixth Meeting, 20 –21 June 2003, Budapest, Hungary Seventh Meeting, 1 –3 December 2005, Larnaca, Cyprus L. Maggioni and E. Lipman, compilers ii REPORT OF A WORKING GROUP ON PRUNUS: SIXTH AND SEVENTH MEETINGS Bioversity International is an independent international scientific organization that seeks to improve the well- being of present and future generations of people by enhancing conservation and the deployment of agricultural biodiversity on farms and in forests. It is one of 15 centres supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), an association of public and private members who support efforts to mobilize cutting-edge science to reduce hunger and poverty, improve human nutrition and health, and protect the environment. Bioversity has its headquarters in Maccarese, near Rome, Italy, with offices in more than 20 other countries worldwide. The Institute operates through four programmes: Diversity for Livelihoods, Understanding and Managing Biodiversity, Global Partnerships, and Commodities for Livelihoods. The international status of Bioversity is conferred under an Establishment Agreement which, by January 2006, had been signed by the Governments of Algeria, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chile, China, Congo, Costa Rica, Côte d’Ivoire, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Egypt, Greece, Guinea, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Iran, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Norway, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Senegal, Slovakia, Sudan, Switzerland, Syria, Tunisia, Turkey, Uganda and Ukraine. -
Natural Fermentation of Pyrus Communis (Pear) Mesocarp by Associated Consortium Fungal Species
obiolog Adedeji and Audu, J Microbiol Pathol 2018, 2:1 icr y & M P f a o t l h a o n l o r g u y o J Journal of Microbiology and Pathology Research Article Article OpenOpen Access Access Natural Fermentation of Pyrus communis (Pear) Mesocarp by Associated Consortium Fungal Species Oluwatosin Adewusi Adedeji* and Temitope Mulikat Audu Institute of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria Abstract This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of associated consortium fungal species on the natural fermentation of the mesocarp of Pyrus communis (Pear). The combined role played by the fungi (moulds and yeasts) involve in the natural fermentation of the Pear mesocarp were also investigated. Fresh and ripe pears were washed and surface sterilized with ethanol. The mesocarp was then scraped into a bowl and covered with a net to allow the action of aerobic fermentation for 50 days. Fungi were isolated from the samples at interval of 5 days. The morphological, microscopic and biochemical characteristics as well as the fungal count were also carried out according to standard methods. The physicochemical parameters of the pear’s mesocarp such as pH, total titrable acidity (TTA), moisture contents and total reducing sugar were also determined at every 5 days according to standard methods. The results showed that there were eight strains of mould namely: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus fumigatus, Mucor mucedo, Penicillum frequentas, Penicillum chrysogemun and Fusarium solani; and three strains of yeasts namely Saccharomyces cerivisae, Schizoaccharomyces pombe and Saccharomyces ludwigii were identified to be involved in the fermentation process for the fifty days. -
Effect of Maturity on the Phenolic Compositions of Pear Juice and Cell Wall Effects on Procyanidins Transfer
Effect of maturity on the phenolic compositions ofpear juice and cell wall effects on procyanidins transfer Marwa Brahem, Severin Eder, Catherine Renard, Michele Loonis, Carine Le Bourvellec To cite this version: Marwa Brahem, Severin Eder, Catherine Renard, Michele Loonis, Carine Le Bourvellec. Effect of maturity on the phenolic compositions of pear juice and cell wall effects on procyanidins transfer. LWT - Food Science and Technology, Elsevier, 2017, 85, pp.380-384. 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.009. hal-02619109 HAL Id: hal-02619109 https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02619109 Submitted on 25 May 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Version définitive du manuscrit publiée dans / Final version of the manuscript published in : LWT – Food Science and Technology (2016), DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.009 Journal homepage : http://www.elsevier.com/locate/lwt ipt cr nus a m Effect of maturity on the phenolic compositions of pear juice and cell wall effects on procyanidins transfer / Author * r Marwa Brahem , Severin Eder, Catherine M.G.C. Renard, Michele Loonis, u e Carine Le Bourvellec ut UMR408 SQPOV (Securite et Qualite des Produits d'Origine Vegetale), INRA, Avignon University, F-84000 Avignon, France ’a it d cr article info abstract nus a Article history: Perry pear polyphenols were characterized in fruit, juice and pomace for two cultivars and at two M Received 28 June 2016 maturity stage. -
(Prunus Domestica L.) AGAINST FOUR CHILEAN PLUM POX VIRUS ISOLATES THROUGH MICRO-GRAFTING
372RESEARCH CHIL. J. AGR. RES. - VOL. 70 - Nº 3 - 2010 EVALUATION OF THE RESISTANCE OF TRANSGENIC C5 PLUM (Prunus domestica L.) AGAINST FOUR CHILEAN PLUM POX VIRUS ISOLATES THROUGH MICRO-GRAFTING Wendy Wong1, Paola Barba2, Catalina Álvarez2, Álvaro Castro3, Manuel Acuña2, Pablo Zamora3, Marlene Rosales2, Paola Dell´Orto4, Michael R. Moynihan4, Ralph Scorza5, and Humberto Prieto2* ABSTRACT The transgenic plum (Prunus domestica L.) C5, in which the coat protein (CP) gene of the Plum pox virus (PPV) is inserted, represents a unique example of the use of genetic engineering for fruit crop improvement in Prunus spp. Field trials in Poland, Romania, and Spain have demonstrated resistance of C5 to several D and M strain PPV isolates. In Chile, the quarantine regulations for PPV and for genetically modified (GM) plants require that the testing of C5 for resistance to Chilean PPV isolates be done under controlled isolated conditions. To carry out these tests C5 shoots were multiplied in vitro and micro-grafted onto four Adesoto101 (Prunus insititia L.) rootstock populations that had been previously infected each with one of four Chilean PPV-Ds. Tests were carried out under controlled conditions in a biosafety greenhouse. Symptoms appearance, virus detection, and viral mRNA levels for the cylindrical inclusion (CI) and CP genes were determined during three consecutive growing seasons. Complete resistance to all PPV isolates was demonstrated during the first 2 yr in all of the C5 plants. In the third season, four of 10 C5 plants showed mild symptoms on leaves close to the graft union and low but detectable CI mRNA levels in the C5 scions. -
Pyrus Communis (L.)
CPVO-TP/015/1 Final Date: 27/03/2003 EUROPEAN UNION COMMUNITY PLANT VARIETY OFFICE PROTOCOL FOR DISTINCTNESS, UNIFORMITY AND STABILITY TESTS Pyrus communis (L.) PEAR UPOV Species Code: PYRUS_COM Adopted on 27/03/2003 CPVO-TP/015/1 Final Date: 27/03/2003 I SUBJECT OF THE PROTOCOL The protocol describes the technical procedures to be followed in order to meet the Council Regulation 2100/94 on Community Plant Variety Rights. The technical procedures have been agreed by the Administrative Council and are based on general UPOV Document TG/1/3 and UPOV Guideline TG/15/3 dated 04/05/2000 for the conduct of tests for Distinctness, Uniformity and Stability. This protocol applies to fruit varieties of Pyrus communis L. II SUBMISSION OF PLANT MATERIAL 1. The Community Plant Variety Office (CPVO) is responsible for informing the applicant of • the closing date for the receipt of plant material; • the minimum amount and quality of plant material required; • the examination office to which material is to be sent. A sub-sample of the material submitted for test will be held in the variety collection as the definitive sample of the candidate variety. The applicant is responsible for ensuring compliance with any customs and plant health requirements. 2. Final dates for receipt of documentation and material by the Examination Office The final dates for receipt of requests, technical questionnaires and the final date or submission period for plant material will be decided by the CPVO and each Examination Office chosen. The Examination Office is responsible for immediately acknowledging the receipt of requests for testing, and technical questionnaires. -
Plums, Nectarines, Apricots, Cherries, Almonds and Prunus Hybrids
E-612 2-13 Texas Fruit and Nut Production lums, Nectarines, Apricots Cherries, Almonds and Prunus hybrids Larry Stein, Jim Kamas, and Monte Nesbitt Extension Fruit Specialists, The Texas A&M University System s closely related members of the rose family, plums and apricots typically require similar management. Both fruits have performed Amuch better in Texas than nectarines, almonds, sweet cherries, and Prunus hybrids because they are less susceptible to disease, varmints, and crop loss due to premature blooming. Plums The plum tree has white flowers and sets fruit on buds from previous season’s growth (Fig. 1). Usually Figure 1. A plum orchard in full bloom. the fruit has a dusty white coating or wax bloom that is easily rubbed off (Fig. 2). Plums can be sweet to tart; the skin is typically quite tart. The two main species used in the United States are the European plum, Prunus domestica, and the Japanese plum, Prunus salycina. The European plum includes varieties such as ‘Stanley’, which is grown for fresh fruit and often dried for use as prunes. These varieties have produced poorly in Texas because they require cold climates and are susceptible to fungal diseases such as brown rot. The varieties adapted to Texas are usually hybrids Figure 2. The dusty white coating associated with between P. domestica and P. salycina and are known plums is known as wax bloom. 1 Figure 4. Eating a ripe, juicy Figure 5. ‘Bruce’ plums. ‘Methley’ plum right off the tree. as Japanese or Japanese hybrid varieties. Most plum varieties are not self-fruitful. -
Extraction Characterization and Evaluation of Prunus Doemstica Seed- As an Excipient a Review
© 2020 JETIR May 2020, Volume 7, Issue 5 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) EXTRACTION CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF PRUNUS DOEMSTICA SEED- AS AN EXCIPIENT A REVIEW 1Pravalika Garipelli, 2R.Shireesh kiran, 3Dr Sowjanya battu,4Dr Abbulu konde Department of pharamaceutics, CMR college of pharmacy, Medchal, Telangana-501401, India. ABSTRACT Binders are pharamaceutical excipients that are commonly employed to impact cohesiveness to the granules. This ensure the tablet remain intact after compression. The development of new excipients for potential use as a binding agent in tablet formulation continues to be of interest. In recent years, plant derived polymers have evolved tremendous interest due to their diverse pharamaceutical application such as binders, diluents, disintegrates in tablets. Natural polymers are biocompatible, cheap and easily available and are preferable than semi synthetic and synthetic excipients because of their lack of toxicity, low cost, availability and non irritant nature. To evaluate binding potential of prunus domestica seed powder in tablet formulations. Prunus domestica seed powder as binder and also compared to the other binding agents. Uniterms: Excipients, Binding agents, Natural polymers, Prunus domestica INTRODUCTION : One of the most important stone fruits crops of the world is plum fruit. These also include several familiar stone fruits like apricot , cherry and peach. Fresh plum fruits are traditionally processed into products with longer shelf life such as prunus ( dried plums ) . There are more than 2000 different varieties of plums among which relatively few more of commercial importance. Plums are fruits best adapted to moderate climate , but they are widely grown all throughout the world , from the cold climate of Siberia to the sub-tropical conditions of the Mediterranean region china , Romania and U.S.A are leading countries for the production of plum fruits . -
Plum Prunus Domestica L.; Prunus Salicina Lindl
Plum Prunus domestica L.; Prunus salicina Lindl. Rosaceae Species description There are two primary species of cultivated plums, the European plum (Prunus domestica) and Japanese plum (Prunus salicina). Plum trees are small to medium-sized deciduous trees with rounded crowns. Plum leaves are oval to elliptic in shape depending on the species, with serrated margins. The flower buds form with leaf buds in early spring. Large, white flowers appear in April. European plums have 1-2 flowers per bud, and Japanese plums generally have multiple flowers per bud. Plum fruit, a drupe fruit with a single seed, matures from July to November, depending on the cultivar. The fruit skin is covered in a smooth, waxy layer, and the skin color may be green, yellow, orange, pink, red, purple, or blue. Interior flesh color varies from green to yellow to red. European plums are usually small, oval in shape and variable in color; these include varieties such as the prune-plums Stanley and Italian, Yellow egg, Reine Claude, and the Gage plums. Japanese plums are large, round to heart- shaped and have firm flesh; these are the most common fresh eating plums in the U.S. Natural and cultural history European plums are native to western Asia in the Caucasus Mountains. Japanese plums are thought to have originated in China on the Yangtze River; widespread cultivation for the last 2,500 years makes it difficult to determine its natural range. European plum pits have been found in archaeological remains in Switzerland. Plums are mentioned in Greek writings and were common in European gardens since at least the 1st century CE. -
Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear (Pyrus Spp.)
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Advances in Agriculture Volume 2014, Article ID 541097, 8 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/541097 Review Article Origin, Domestication, and Dispersing of Pear (Pyrus spp.) G. J. Silva, Tatiane Medeiros Souza, Rosa Lía Barbieri, and Antonio Costa de Oliveira Plant Genomics and Breeding Center, Federal University of Pelotas, 96001-970 Pelotas, RS, Brazil Correspondence should be addressed to Antonio Costa de Oliveira; [email protected] Received 11 March 2014; Accepted 29 April 2014; Published 9 June 2014 Academic Editor: Innocenzo Muzzalupo Copyright © 2014 G. J. Silva et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The pear (Pyrus communis L.) is a typical fruit of temperate regions, having its origin and domestication at two different points, China and Asia Minor until the Middle East. It is the fifth most widely produced fruit in the world, being produced mainly in China, Europe, and the United States. Pear belongs to rosaceous family, being a close “cousin” of the apple, but with some particularities that make this fruit special with a delicate flavor. Thus, it deserves a special attention and a meticulous review of all the history involved, and the recent research devoted to it, because of the economic and cultural importance of this fruit in a range of countries and cultures. Therefore, the purpose of this literature review is to approach the history of the origin, domestication, and dispersal of pears, as well as reporting their botany, their current scenario in the world, and their breeding and conservation. -
The Rise and Fall of the Ornamental Callery Pear Tree
The Rise and Fall of the Ornamental Callery Pear Tree Theresa M. Culley ne of the most notable heralds of spring in the eastern United States Ois the profuse blooming of orna- mental pear trees in front yards and along ARCHIVES OF THE ARNOLD ARBORETUM city streets. The Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana), and particularly its many cultivars such as ‘Bradford’, ‘Cleveland Select’, and ‘Aristocrat’, has become one of the most popular ornamental trees in North America. However, its commercial success has now become overshadowed by its tendency to spread along roadways and into natural areas through reseeding. Today this tree is considered invasive in many states, in stark contrast to how it grows in its native range in Asia. How did this tree become the scourge of land man- agers across North America? What has led to its fall from grace? To understand this fascinating story, we need to start at the beginning. Seeds From China Plant collector Frank N. Meyer in China in 1908. Toward the end of the nineteenth century, farm- stamina to tolerate the physical discomforts ing began to replace ranching in the western and social isolation of travelling for months in United States and there was a growing demand distant lands. He found Frank N. Meyer (1875– for improved crops that could thrive there. 1918), a Dutch immigrant and former gardener The United States Department of Agriculture who had a deep fascination with plants and saw (USDA) began to focus on importing new plants nothing unusual about walking hundreds of for testing and, in 1898, created the Foreign miles on a botanical foray. -
Characterization of Aromatic Volatile Constituents in 11 Asian Pear Cultivars Belonging to Different Species
African Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 7(34), pp. 4761-4770, 4 September, 2012 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJAR DOI: 10.5897/AJAR12.563 ISSN 1991-637X ©2012 Academic Journals Full Length Research Paper Characterization of aromatic volatile constituents in 11 Asian pear cultivars belonging to different species Guopeng Li, Huijuan Jia, Ruiyuan Wu, Sayed Hussain and Yuanwen Teng* Department of Horticulture, State Agricultural Ministry Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China. Accepted 25 June, 2012 Aroma is an important fruit sensory attributes that is influenced by the volatile compounds present in the fruit, and it determines whether a fruit is acceptable to consumers. The volatile compounds in 11 pear cultivars from different species were investigated by headspace solid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In total, 70 volatile compounds, including three alcohols, six aldehydes, fifty-two esters, three acids, three terpenes and three ketones were identified and quantified. Ester was the dominant chemical class of which a total of 52 compounds were detected. Hexanal, hexyl acetate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl 2-methylbutanoate and ethyl butanoate were the major volatile compounds. Pyrus ussuriensis Maxim showed a higher concentration of volatiles, and higher ester content than in the other Asian pear species studied. Cultivars were clearly grouped into four clusters based on the concentration and number of different volatile compounds present in each cultivar. The clusters of different cultivars could be discriminated from each others using the first two principal components. The volatile profiles of the pears were qualitatively and quantitatively influenced by the cultivar. -
Gene Flow in Prunus Species in the Context of Novel Trait Risk Assessment
Environ. Biosafety Res. 9 (2010) 75–85 Available online at: c ISBR, EDP Sciences, 2011 www.ebr-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/ebr/2010011 Gene flow in Prunus species in the context of novel trait risk assessment S. Zahra H. Cici* and Rene C. Van Acker1 Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G2W1, Canada Prunus species are important commercial fruit (plums, apricot, peach and cherries), nut (almond) and orna- mental trees cultivated broadly worldwide. This review compiles information from available literature on Prunus species in regard to gene flow and hybridization within this complex of species. The review serves as a resource for environmental risk assessment related to pollen mediated gene flow and the release of transgenic Prunus. It reveals that Prunus species, especially plums and cherries show high potential for transgene flow. A range of characteristics including; genetic diversity, genetic bridging capacity, inter- and intra-specific genetic compat- ibility, self sterility (in most species), high frequency of open pollination, insect assisted pollination, perennial nature, complex phenotypic architecture (canopy height, heterogeneous crown, number of flowers produced in an individual plant), tendency to escape from cultivation, and the existence of ornamental and road side Prunus species suggest that there is a tremendous and complicated ability for pollen mediated gene movement among Prunus species. Ploidy differences among Prunus species do not necessarily provide genetic segregation. The characteristics of Prunus species highlight the complexity of maintaining coexistence between GM and non-GM Prunus if there were commercial production of GM Prunus species. The results of this review suggest that the commercialization of one GM Prunus species can create coexistence issues for commercial non-GM Prunus production.