Contents

Foreword by Boris Johnson, Mayor of 2 Why go green? 4 London’s theatre industry’s carbon footprint 6 Top tips to go greener 10 Success stories 17 Greater London Authority September 2008 Where do I start? 27 Published by The Carbon calculator for Greater London Authority production planning 30 City Hall Thank you! 32 The Queen’s Walk More London Where to go for further London SE1 2AA information 33 www.london.gov.uk Q&As 35 enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458 ISBN 978-1-84781-188-2 Copies of this report are available from www.london.gov.uk Printed on 100% recycled paper.

3 Foreword by Boris Johnson, Mayor of London

Theatre is of vital importance to without imposing on their artistic to manage in order to have a London. Our artistic talent and integrity or reducing the quality huge impact on our purses as reputation for excellence are well of shows. well as the planet. I look forward known around the world, but to working with you to make This plan is a response to the theatre also makes a significant London’s theatres the greenest in overwhelming concern of the contribution to the economy, and the world. theatre sector to reduce any last year was no exception - negative impact on the Boris Johnson attendances reached 13.6 million, environment and its production Mayor of London making it the most successful has been aided by some of the year on record. most influential players in the As a global city London has the cultural world. These span ability to trailblaze new and commercial and subsidised ‘...Arts Council England is beyond a duty of compliance exciting initiatives, with the theatres and arts organisations, delighted to be a partner in the with issues such as energy potential to inspire and influence. and include The , Green Theatre Programme for management, to a role of London is in a very important National Theatre, Royal Court, Live London, recognising the inspiration and influence much position, as what we do here will Nation, Ambassador Theatre importance of this work in greater than that due to the be watched around the world. Group (ATG), and . helping theatres to increase the industry’s size alone. That this efficiency of their business leadership should emerge from I am committed to a 60 per cent I leave you with one final thought processes thereby reducing the London is of great reduction of London’s greenhouse before you read the rest of this industry’s carbon footprint while encouragement to those artists gas emissions from 1990 levels by plan: if all central London theatres saving money and continuing to and audiences that are drawn to 2025. This plan will help enable all challenged the age-old practice attract artists and audiences. this world city for its ability to of us to reach that target and of keeping stage lights on and innovate...’ avoid some of the potentially only switched them on half an A programme such as this disastrous consequences of hour before the performance, demonstrates that the arts in Moira Sinclair, Executive Director carrying on ‘business as usual’. It they could collectively save over England can lead internationally London, Arts Council England will help theatres to £100,000 a year in energy costs. in responding to the pressures communicate the message about The changes we make do not of climate change, moving climate change to audiences, have to be expensive or difficult 4 5 Why go green?

Take the lead It is only a matter of time before Attract talent ‘…The Mayor of London’s Green London’s theatre’s productions legislation catches up with green The growing momentum to act Theatre Programme has provided and venues are renowned issues. There is already new on climate change has come much-needed structure and worldwide, and the city is one of legislation concerning lighting from artists, directors, impetus to a passionate and the most important touring and light fittings. Industries that production staff and others engaged sector that lacked the locations for companies globally. get ahead of the game can not within the theatre, arts and rigorous approach and direction London theatres are not a large only better influence policy but cultural industries, all eager to to achieve systemic change. The contributor to carbon emissions reduce the pain of hasty make a difference. programme has provided the but their ability to influence is compliance later on. tools and connected people, extremely significant. London putting the industry on the path theatres can reduce their own to achieve ambitious emissions carbon emissions and at the reductions goals. The published same time have a much wider Who is this plan for? documents and continued reach by showing audiences working groups will allow This plan is for anyone and other theatre industries London’s theatres to be at the working in London’s theatre what is possible. cutting edge of environmental industries, from small performance as well as Save money independent production performing arts…’ Being green saves you money companies and arts venues. to large groups of Andrew Haworth, Environmental Many of the ideas in this commercial theatres. Services Manager, Live Nation plan – switching to greener lighting, reducing energy This plan aims to guide you consumption, re-using through some of the most materials – will, in the medium practical and effective ways This is a summary of the full term, save you a considerable to reduce your energy use Green Theatre Programme amount of money. With rising and make London theatres report. The full report is electricity, gas and oil prices, greener – while also saving available for download at there is a financial urgency to you money. www.london.gov.uk/mayor and take action. www.theatrestrust.org.uk 6 7 London’s theatre industry’s carbon footprint

In order to enable a reduction in This figure does not include London’s theatre industry’s London’s theatre’s carbon indirect emissions from carbon footprint: 50,000 emissions, our starting point was audience travel, estimated at tonnes a year to measure where the emissions approximately 35,000 tonnes of

are coming from. Identifying the CO2 per annum. London main problem areas within the audiences are good at using industry provided us with a public transport. However, picture of where best to focus around one third still travel by our efforts to achieve the most car or taxi. Encouraging effective results. audiences to use more sustainable modes of transport is also key to The total emissions from reducing the theatre industry’s London theatres (excluding carbon footprint. pre-production and audience travel) are approximately 50,000 tonnes a year1. This is roughly equivalent to driving a car 1.5 million times round the M25.

Theatre front of house Stage electricals (daytime and evening, incl. (lighting, sound, automation) auditorium aircon/ cooling) Overnight theatre 1 This estimate was derived from a number of case studies and data sources, in particular: Rehearsal space (heating/ cooling) (front and back of house) Carbon Trust surveys (National Theatre, Arcola, ATG Group, Delfont Macintosh theatres, Royal Court), Live Nation Survey, British Performing Arts Yearbook 2007/8, SOLT Theatre Audience Theatre offices and back of house Pre-production management Survey (MORI 2003-4), Audiences London Snapshot London II, Arts Council Economic Impact daytime/ evening of UK Theatre (2004), DCMS Performing Arts data, SOLT box office 2007, theatres’ own Production materials (sets, props) websites, White Light estimated lighting usage in London theatres. Exterior lighting of theatres 8 9

Without action, emissions and If all actions recommended in Did you know… • The cost of installing low fuel bills are set to grow – in this plan are taken, London energy lighting will pay

particular with the trend of theatres can reduce their CO2 for itself in just two and a West End productions using emissions by almost 60 per cent half years. more energy to create ever more from 1990 levels by 2025. • The Theatres Trust can visually spectacular shows. There Note: Business as usual scenario advise on energy saving are plenty of actions we can take assumes theatre emissions grow in initiatives for theatres now to increase the energy line with London’s commercial and (www.theatretrust.org.uk). efficiency of productions and public sector growth. Studies by theatre environments, without • Significant financial and 2CO GLA economics suggest the two sacrificing artistic quality. savings can be made by sectors are closely tied. Moreover, simply replacing incandescent consumption of energy in West End bulbs with compact productions continues to grow. fluorescent bulbs (CFLs). Further savings will also be

Total CO2 savings identified to 2025 achieved because there is less need for air conditioning, 60,000 +9% fewer lamp replacements and 50,000 Action required at a less maintenance. national and European 40,000 level to fill the gap (e.g. changes in grid electricity generation) 30,000

20,000 Tonnes CO2 per annum 10,000

0

Gap

Target to 2025 current footprint considerations savingsfactor from correctionpower and staff training savings in materials savings from heating non stage lighting selection/ disposal and aircon controls savings from internal/ savings from ventilationsavings from insulations Do nothing - 2025 scenario savings from stage lighting savings from pre-production savings from external lighting (boiler renewal and controls) savings from energy programmes (energy efficient bulbs, controls) 10 11 Top tips to go greener

Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 for reduce emissions payback savings for reduce emissions payback savings savings time (theatre savings time (theatre venue) venue)

Ventilation • Reduce temperature for night-time hours • Instant 10-12% Lighting External lighting: 2-4% and air (e.g. set heating in frost protection mode). • Reduce hours of operation (especially during • Instant condition- daylight hours). (no cost) ing/cooling • Set your thermostat for lower temperatures • Instant • Switch to energy-efficient bulbs –swap • < 2.5 years controls in workshops and storage areas. standard tungsten bulbs with low energy CFL • Don’t run cooling at the same time as heating. • Instant bulbs or replace external lighting with LEDs. 5-6% 9-12% • Install a ‘deadband control’ between heating • Instant Internal non-stage lighting: and cooling so that neither is turned on until • Change tungsten lamps used in general • < 2.5 years temperatures are outside acceptable levels of lighting applications for compact fluorescent. comfort (typically 19-24 degrees Celsius). • Set timer switches; fit occupancy sensors • <1 year • Regularly check airflows from ventilation • Instant and lighting control systems to reduce ‘out of systems and ensure filters are clean in air performance’ lighting. handling units. Stage lighting: c.2% • Review operational times and parameters for • <1 year • Switch off discharge lighting between the • Instant heavy use equipment, including chillers (e.g. end of the reset/rig check late afternoon and (no cost) install automatic controls to reduce the half hour call before the show starts, and over-ventilation). between matinee and evening performances. • Install air quality sensors and temperature • 1-2 years sensors in the auditorium. Boiler • Consider switching to high efficiency/ • <5 years 8-10% • Install insulation on internal appliances and • 1-2 years renewal condenser boilers and convert oil boilers to gas. with external walls, windows and roofs. and controls • Reduce your set temperature by 1 degree to • Instant • Fit a modern Variable Speed Drive (VSD) to • 3 years save an average of 8 % on the heating bill. (no cost) control the supply fan motors of any Turn on auditorium heating later in day oversized motors. • • Instant (closer to performance time); reduce (no cost) temperatures for night-time hours (e.g. frost protection mode). • Use automated controls (rather than manual); install thermostatic valves in wet radiators. • 1.5 years

12 13 Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 for reduce emissions payback savings for reduce emissions payback savings savings time (theatre savings time (theatre venue) venue)

Buildings • Ensure building insulation is brought up to • Dependent 7-9%2 Energy • Compile a formal energy management policy • <1 year 5-7% and minimum standards and improve further on building. manage- (including specific targets and policies) and electrical where practical. However, ment form an energy management committee, insulation many programmes with regular reviews and action planning. Consider additional insulation to each floor • actions and staff Allocate clear energy management level to minimise the impact of heat gain achieve training responsibilities. Make this as fun and rising through buildings. payback in informative as possible for staff, possibly • Check if the outside walls of the buildings under 2 years with small rewards and incentives. can be additionally insulated and install • Staff training can include: turning off lights, where practical. materials selection and recycling, correct • Improve insulation of hot water storage (tank heating and cooling settings, setting timers and pipe) and electric heating cupboards. on all electrical systems, showing films like Al Gore’s ‘An Inconvenient Truth’ to inspire action. Power factor • Correcting the power factor to your building • 3 years 7-8% • Collect accurate records of energy correction can be a quick way of making energy and consumption (possibly to half hourly detail); financial savings: it is cheap to install and track consumption against weather; identify will have little impact on operations. Check causes of variance against targets. the efficiency of your electrical equipment with a ‘power factor’ survey which identifies • Build energy efficiency into lifetime cost of where you can save. new equipment purchases.

• Following power factor correction, electrical • Ensure IT equipment is turned off during equipment will need to be tested and periods of non office working. possibly adjusted. Power factor equipment needs to reviewed at least every twenty • Seek efficiencies in catering equipment (e.g. years or following significant equipment or fridges on timers to go on two hours before layout changes. show); ensure other equipment only turned on during use.

Pre- • Considerations at the pre-production stage • Instant c.5% production are likely to be a pre-requisite for savings considera- indicated elsewhere. tions 2 In some cases this level of saving may not be physically possible due the historical or • Use the production carbon calculator in this visual nature of the building. Buildings insulations would generally be undertaken as plan to identify the biggest contributors of part of larger refurbishment activity your footprint, so you can work out where to take action.

14 15 Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 Areas Things you can do to Typical % of CO2 for reduce emissions payback savings for reduce emissions payback savings savings time (theatre savings time (theatre venue) venue)

Pre- • Ensure that energy costs are included in the • Instant c.5% Materials • There are usually a number of alternative • Instant Variable. production production budget; consider setting an energy selection materials that could be chosen as part of the Typically considera- cap as a challenge to the creative team. and production process which would lead to an <1% tions disposal/ overall carbon reduction e.g. timber from • Ensure all buildings and spaces used recycling sustainable sources (Forest Stewardship continued... (including those for rehearsals and for set Council, www.fsc.org). construction) are well managed/insulated. • Reuse materials wherever possible, or • Try to reduce travel wherever possible, and implement recycling schemes, for example for: reduce volume of equipment transported in • sets and props tours by using local partners wherever possible. • batteries (join the Mayor’s battery recycling • Ensure all materials are sustainably sourced. scheme, details on page 25)

Minimising • From staff: find rehearsal spaces near to • Instant c.10% • lightbulbs and lamps travel production stage to avoid extra travel; • costumes emissions encourage staff, crew and cast to use public (www.freecycle.org, www.traid.org.uk) transport; travel in low emission transport • plastic glasses and consumables modes where possible (e.g. avoid flying • furniture and carpets within the UK). • waste electronic and electrical equipment • From audiences: enhance visibility of public • unused leaflets and programmes. transport options to audiences by publicising on tickets, programmes, website; work with Working • Provide recycling and energy management • Instant Variable, Oyster Plus programme to look at 2 for 1 with facilities for production companies and others typically deals (email Transport for London at suppliers using the venue, and provide this information, around [email protected]). and partners together with your policies, in welcome packs. 20%

• From suppliers: minimise frequency of • Incorporate environmental behaviour from deliveries to/collections from the theatre suppliers and partners into contracts, and through better planning; use cycle couriers; wherever possible create financial incentives. reduce touring volumes by using trusted For example, more accurate meter local partners (e.g. use local lighting rigs measurements would enable commercial where possible). theatres to charge production companies for their specific energy usage.

• Specify that production companies comply with the theatre’s recycling and waste management practices and policies.

16 17 Success stories

‘TippingPoint brings together More tips and recommendations No action is too small: no action is too small to make a artists and scientists to explore are available in the full Building sustainable theatres difference. the wider cultural issues Green Theatre Programme, The Theatres Trust, the national In future The Theatres Trust around climate change. We look which can be accessed at advisory public body for theatres, will be gathering information forward to continuing to work www.london.gov.uk mayor and is leading the promotion of on theatres’ energy use to with the Mayor’s office on The www.theatrestrust.org.uk sustainable theatre buildings. inform legislation and provide Greening London Theatres advice to theatres introducing initiative as it is providing a Following its organisation of the climate change adaptations series of critical and invaluable PLASA07 special interest and implementing Display tools to enable the industry to seminar ‘Theatres act on CO2’, Energy Certificates. take the practical steps The Theatres Trust has been Visit www.theatretrust.org.uk necessary to reduce its carbon working with the Mayor’s Office for more information. emissions.’ on the Green Theatre Programme. Angela McSherry, TippingPoint ABTT, ETC, Arup, Carr & Angier, ‘…Theatres need to go green, Charcoalblue, Harlequin Floors, from the stage door to box Northern Light, Theatre Projects, office, to make sure we’re doing Consultants, White Light, Max everything we can to make our Fordham, the National Theatre work sustainable and and the Southbank Centre all environmentally friendly…’ supported The Trust’s annual Alistair McGowan, conference in 2008 at the Actor, impressionist and Cottesloe Theatre, which looked WWF Ambassador at how to make theatres more environmentally sustainable. The clear message from Conference08: ‘Building Sustainable Theatres’ was that 18 19 At the same time as upgrading National Theatre and Philips range of similar improvements (ATG): Refurbishing theatres its boilers, ATG is investing in the using Philips technology The National Theatre is working air conditioning system at the underway across the building. In the last few years ATG has . The current with Royal Philips Electronics to realised that replacing its system, which is over 25 years replace its lighting in a five-year Phase 3 will involve replacing ageing boilers, many of which old and in very poor condition partnership package. the electronic SEEFACT sign with had not been upgraded for a Philips Vidiwall. This will result due to age and water damage, Phase 1 is ongoing and involves more than 15 years, would in a reduction of 55 per cent in provides a fraction of the fresh renewal of external lighting, achieve huge savings in its electricity consumed, saving 30 air required and runs at less reducing energy consumption of energy consumption, energy tonnes of CO2 per year. than 68 per cent efficiency. The the previous installation by an bills, and carbon footprint. new system will be 98 per cent estimated 50 per cent. The boilers at the Piccadilly and efficient (a 30 per cent In Phase 2 the National Theatre ‘…I think the most important Comedy theatres were both improvement in performance) is trialling the replacement of thing is that it has completely replaced with minimal disruption and will cut expensive running tungsten down lights with LED turned the tide within the to performances of Guys and costs in one stroke. replacements in the Olivier building. It signalled that we Dolls and Boeing Boeing, both Circle foyer. This is showing an were about to make large showing at the time. 88 per cent saving in energy. changes in our lighting and in ATG Group opted to use Following extensive trials the the way we used energy…’ boilers recommended for their National has changed the light John Langley, Theatre Manager, high efficiency, costing up to source and control gear in the National Theatre 25 per cent of the theatre’s ETC Source 4 Profiles (spots on annual CAPEX budget. However, wall bars) throughout the foyers ATG calculated that this with Philips 70 watt Master investment would pay for itself CDM-T Elite technology. By within five to ten years and changing the light source, the therefore that all its future theatre will save 90,000kWh (75 boiler replacements should also per cent reduction compared be highly efficient. with the current lighting) and 39

tonnes of CO2 per year. There is a 20 21 ATG/ABTT Technical of the Technical Standards would Arcola Theatre: A five-year cent and motivates lighting Sustainability Forum: feature sustainability updates. programme to reduce designers to reduce main house A forum to help technicians A number of ATG venues have carbon emissions lighting energy consumption by reduce the carbon footprint 60 per cent. been involved in energy saving London’s Arcola Theatre, of their theatres initiatives with in-house teams one of the UK’s leading Ambassador Theatre Group (ATG) and ‘Enviro Champions’ independent venues, aims to ‘…The environmental impact of and the Association of British progressing their own ideas such become the world’s first all theatre productions can be Theatre Technicians (ABTT), as low energy and LED lighting in carbon neutral theatre. reduced without artistic working with the Mayor’s Office, common areas of theatres or compromise through careful Arcola has already installed a launched a Technical Passive Infra Red Occupancy choices and creativity. I urge all hydrogen fuel cell to power café/ Sustainability Forum for switches in dressing rooms and directors to demand not more bar lighting and selected main technicians in the theatre sector toilet areas. ATG hopes to hold a light and bigger set budgets but house shows. The fuel cell at in second forum later this year and the right light and the right set…’ operates almost silently, May 2008. hopes to introduce more initiatives to bring the benefits of producing nothing but electricity Mehmet Ergen, Artistic Director They estimate that theatres can energy savings to their venues and clean water. The 5kW fuel cell achieve 5 per cent savings in system takes pride of place in the and theatre technicians. ‘…Small but significant changes energy simply from increasing foyer of the theatre and provides in operations can deliver staff awareness of environmental a spur for discussion about the immediate CO2 and financial management. At the first ‘…It was a valuable opportunity benefits and challenges of this benefits. Such actions are critical meeting ABTT, Dirty Harry’s, to share good practice and to groundbreaking technology. to motivating and Selecon, Scenery Salvage, the develop awareness of the simple Arcola also installed a low demonstrating that more radical Timber Trade Federation and actions that technicians can energy LED lighting system in sustainability visions can be White Light each gave a talk on take to reduce the carbon the café/bar area supplied by realised – theatre has a crucial ways in which their services could footprint of their theatres...’ PixelRange. role in acting fast to show that help technicians to reduce, Phillip Brown, Group Head of change is possible and positive…’ recycle and make better use of Safety and Environmental It is estimated that the new renewables. At the meeting ABTT Services, ATG lighting system has reduced Dr Ben Todd, Executive Director announced that its new edition energy costs in the bar by 60 per 22 23 Paule Constable

Paule Constable – Lighting She is leading the way for a new 6. I discuss with my production design with carbon transparency generation of lighting designers. electrician how accepted ‘…I think that we need to be practices might change to cut more carbon transparent in the One of the UK’s leading lighting Paule’s top tips down on wastage. Can we use way we design and light theatre designers, Paule Constable has 1. Every light in the rig needs a the French equivalent to PVC productions. With lighting you’re worked for Glyndebourne, The clear use and purpose. I try tape – rubber straps made of telling people about time and , English not to create options and old bike tyres? Velcro straps to place, and trying to find the National Opera, Welsh National light the piece to avoid attach cables to bars? Cable right emotional temperature. I Opera, Theatre de Complicite, unnecessary equipment. trays? What is possible? want to be able to do this and at the Royal Court and the National the same time be clear about Theatre. She is currently working 2. When deciding on 7. Try to pre-plan so deliveries how I’m having less impact on on Ivanov for the Donmar and equipment I consider what can be made once a day. the environment…’ Oliver! for . energy a luminaire uses and 8. Use cycle couriers and if the brightness is needed. Paule Constable As someone who tries to be as encourage lighting environmentally aware as 3. Does that unit have to be departments to think about possible - cycling, composting, tungsten? I consider whether how they travel to work. co-operative food shopping and I can achieve the same effect 9. Introduce more sustainable commuting on public transport with a lower powered yet office practices. - Paule is equally passionate bright discharge unit. about trying to make her working 10. And finally, encourage the 4. Consider the best practices life more environmentally management to provide regarding the length of time responsible, despite being a good quality mains drinking the rig is on. Attempt to only self-confessed ‘tungsten queen’. water on tap. power up the rig as and She’s starting to look at how she when it is necessary. can feed her concerns into decision making processes, 5. In simple unseen areas such operational policy, and into as working lights for off stage choices about using more energy I suggest using low energy efficient lighting and staging. units as much as possible. 24 25 Recycling is cheaper Battery recycling scheme box is full, call the same ‘…The quote [Dirty Harry’s] gave number to request your free Theatres and production It is estimated that over us was, believe it or not, cheaper collection. companies can now recycle or 500,000 batteries are consumed than the current price we were sell their old scenery and props, annually by London theatres. To • After this, it’s over to you. A paying for waste collection and and reduce their waste avoid these batteries being Battbox and collection from would also include the ability to management costs at the same thrown away after use, the G&P Batteries costs just £25 recycle paper, glass, plastic, time. On average 80 per cent of Mayor’s Office has joined up so there’s no easier way to timber, fluorescent tubes and props and 40 per cent of scenery with WRAP (Waste and reduce your environmental batteries. We have now been is sellable. Resources Action Programme) to impact and get recycling. using Dirty Harry’s for over six launch a battery recycling Scenery Salvage, a company months and recycled 90 tonnes If you are a larger battery service for London’s theatres. with experience in taking away of glass, 11 tonnes of paper, 3 consumer (over 50 batteries scenery in the television and tonnes of cardboard and 1.5 The Mayor/WRAP partnership per week) film industries, is now offering tonnes of plastic. After a very has provided funding so every • WRAP have purchased some a similar service for theatre successful six months there is London theatre can set up Tube-10s, which you can have productions. Their first trial no looking back…’ battery recycling facilities. free of charge. To find out with National Theatres was The scheme provides battery David Blyth, Operations more and request your free successfully completed in collection boxes of various and Building Development Tube-10, call Sophie Easteal on March 2008. sizes (smaller ‘battboxes’ and Director, ATG. 020 7983 4412. larger ‘tube-10s’) to get By working with Dirty Harry’s, theatres started. To purchase further ATG – which runs 23 venues - Battboxes, call G&P Batteries was delighted to find it could If you are a smaller battery on 0121 5683200. save money by recycling consumer (less than 50 batteries (paper, glass, plastic, timber, per week) fluorescent tubes and batteries), • Call G&P Batteries on 0121 compared to conventional waste 5683200 to receive your free removal services. Battbox. This will hold about Visit www.scenerysalvage.com 200 AA batteries. When the for more information. 26 27

Where do I start?

Did you know… • Lighting an office overnight Work out your carbon footprint: practices so that lights are wastes enough energy to heat In order to reduce your switched off, waste is reused or water for 1,000 cups of tea. emissions, it’s best to start by recycled where possible and identifying where you can make heating and cooling settings are • Switching off non-essential changes to achieve maximum always correct and switched off equipment in an office impact. Organisations such as when spaces are not in use. overnight saves enough the Carbon Trust offer free Front of house training may energy to run a small car for surveys to help you work out need to be more frequent than 100 miles. how much carbon and waste for other staff, reflecting higher • If all central London theatres your organisation is producing employee turnover. switched the rig on at the ‘half and where best to make Environmental Champions: hour’ they could collectively reductions. They will help you Designate ‘green’ save over £100,000 a year in develop an action plan tailored responsibilities to specific staff energy costs alone. to your needs. Visit them online members. Consider branding at www.carbontrust.co.uk or call the training programme to 0800 085 2005. raise staff awareness and Write an action plan: enthusiasm e.g. use certificates This should articulate your and badges to recognise trained organisation’s goals and targets, staff and ask staff what they outline the basic approach and think should be changed. Global produce an action plan for Action Plan offers short training achieving those targets. See for environmental champions www.carbontrust.co.uk/energy/ who then disseminate the startsaving/tech_energy_ lessons they learn (see www. management_implementation. globalactionplan.org.uk). htm for more information. Above all, reward success and make it fun! Involve Staff: Provide training to change old 28 29 Keep accurate records: specifications into bought or Knowledge is power – if you designed products or services, record your energy consumption, and don’t forget to communicate you can track how you are doing this approach to staff. against targets and identify Build efficiency payback into peaks in usage. Where building capital expenditure: management systems are For some heating and cooling installed, use these to record investments, payback is achieved plant operation. Comparing this in around three years. The to energy usage can identify Carbon Trust can help prepare significant savings (e.g. high business cases for this kind of recorded energy usage could be bigger investment and help with as a result of heating/cooling/ identifying potential suppliers. ventilation operating continuously or outside necessary hours) Write ‘green’ policies into contracts: This will ensure that your suppliers are also working with you, and can have a large impact through your supply chain. Sign up to London Remade’s Green Procurement Code (www. greenprocurementcode.co.uk/) for help with designing a green procurement policy, incorporating green

30 31 The Carbon calculator for production planning

Most of the carbon footprint Illustrative input page relating to a specific production ‘…Theatre is all about is determined during the pre- collaboration and clearly Production production stage - through there are a number of parties What is the estimated show running hours numerous decisions made in that need to join forces to time? lighting, staging, and set design. address this issue. As the trade body representing the What are the total number of show- no To help you understand the manufacturers and designers of ings of the production? environmental implications of entertainment technology we these decisions, we have Approximately what is the total no are fully committed to playing number of stage lights to be used? developed a carbon calculator to our part under the leadership estimate a footprint from each of the Mayor...’ Approximately what is the total no of the main production areas. number of spot lights to be used? This is intended to highlight Matthew Griffiths, CEO PLASA which areas in a given (Professional Lighting and How many hours before the show hours begins will the stage lights be production are the biggest Sound Association) switched on? creators of carbon emissions How many hours will the stage lights hours and in turn feed into your action stay on after the show has finished? plan for carbon reduction. Many of the specific actions that can Approximately what is the electrical kWh demand of sound equipment that will reduce this footprint are those be used? detailed throughout this How many hours before the show hours document. begins will the sound equipment be switched on? The carbon calculator is How many hours will the sound hours available for download at equipment stay on after the show has www.london.gov.uk/mayor and finished? www.theatrestrust.org.uk What is the size of the auditorium? m2

32 33 Thank you! Where to go for further information

It would not have been possible Equity • The full Green Theatre advice and support, and links to develop this programme ITC Programme and the to numerous sources of without the incredible Carbon calculator for further information. If you are Live Nation commitment, openness and production planning are not sure what help you need, engagement from London’s London Remade available for download at are just starting out or would theatre community. In particular Martin Professional www.london.gov.uk/mayor or simply like to discuss your our thanks goes to: www.theatrestrust.org.uk. options, the Envirowise Advice National Theatre Line (0800 585794) can point • See www.carbontrust.co.uk AEAT Philips you in the right direction. for general environmental Alistair McGowan, WWF PixelRange advice, information on carbon • London Remade Solutions Ambassador PLASA footprinting, and suggestions (http://www.londonremade. Ambassador Theatre Group for office and business com/greening-the-office) can PMA Association of Lighting environments including help businesses reduce the Designers straight forward action plans waste they produce, reuse Roundhouse and recommendations for office items, start up or Arcola Theatre reducing your carbon improve office recycling. Royal Court Arts Council footprint. SOLT Arup • The Energy Saving Trust The Theatres Trust ATG (http://www. Tipping Point energysavingtrust.org.uk/) is BECTU another excellent source of TMA Carbon Trust advice. Although it focuses Vari-Lite Central School of Speech & primarily on homes, advice is Drama White Light easily applied to work environments. Delfont Macintosh WRAP • LDA Envirowise (www. Dewynters envirowise.gov.uk) offers free, ETC independent and confidential 34 35

Q&As Did you know? National Theatre has saved 50 What about listed buildings? low cost quick wins. Larger per cent of its water Although listed buildings can projects, as identified for heating consumption by introducing: present extra challenges, there and cooling, typically pay back in is plenty that can be done energy savings, but over a longer • infra red sensors to detect within the fabric of the building period. Large-scale investments people movement, which in which is compliant to can often be incorporated turn control urinal flushing in regulation. English Heritage during a refurbishment at little public toilets Projects (www.english-heritage. extra cost. • low content cisterns during org.uk/server/show/nav.1043) lavatory refurbishment may also be able to provide specific advice for listed • flow restrictors on taps during buildings. Most opportunities to refurbishments save energy will come from • aerating taps and showers. behavioural change. Venues or production companies: who is best placed to take charge? Both! To make a difference, theatres and production companies will need to work together and consider each other’s needs. You’ll find lots of helpful hints in this plan. What about the cost? We recognise that larger capital expenditures are often not possible and have endeavoured to focus recommendations on 36 37 Other formats and languages For a large print, Braille, disc, sign language video or audio-tape version of this document, please contact us at the address below: Public Liaison Unit Greater London Authority Telephone 020 7983 4100 City Hall Minicom 020 7983 4458 The Queen’s Walk www.london.gov.uk More London London SE1 2AA You will need to supply your name, your postal address and state the format and title of the publication you require. If you would like a summary of this document in your language, please phone the number or contact us at the address above. Chinese Hindi

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