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Electric Vehicles Carel Snyman Green Transport Electric Vehicles – SANERI Opel Corsa Ford Bantam Conversion Electric Game Viewing Land Rover Conversion Volkswagen Microbus Conversions Jeep Wrangler Conversion Strategic Orientation Set up R&D programmes and centres at universities where potential already exists – strengthen this capacity and turn into world class innovation centres In the medium to long term create capacity to undertake research, development and demonstration in-house in strategic areas Develop, demonstrate and prepare bankable projects for new energy technologies Where required, equity may be taken in a particular project, along the lines of a PPP National Targets Efficient Vehicles – sedans and LDVs by 1% average/year Passenger Modal Shift – from 51% (2003) to 75%(2050) Bio-Fuels – increased percentages of EtOH in petrol and Bio-Diesel in diesel Bio-Fuels Subsidy Hybrids – 7% of private cars in 2015, 20% by 2030 EVs – 10% of P.km demand by 2015 and 60% by 2030 EVs on Eskom Grid – 60% of private passenger market Working Towards a National Plan National Government – Working with Governmental Departments Provincial Government – Working with Provincial Government on Joint Projects Local Government – Implementing Projects in Cities and Municipalities State Owned Entities – Partners in Research, Development and Demonstration Industry – Partners (PPPs) in commercialisation of vehicles and infrastructure Educational Institutions – Partners in Training and Capacity building Taxi industry – Partners in demonstration and commercialisation PPP - Partnerships Automotive Industrial Development Corporation Government Fleets Eskom Fleet Hybrid BRT bus EVI City Project COP17 Meeting in Durban Etc Cleaner Fossil Fuels LPG – Demonstration by converting petrol vehicles to dual fuel (G-Fleet, Taxis) – Recording data for comparison and reporting – Understanding infrastructure requirements Cleaner Fossil Fuels CNG – Demonstration by converting petrol and diesel vehicles to dual fuel (G – Fleet, taxis and buses) – Recording data for comparison and reporting – Understanding infrastructure requirements 13 Example of a converted taxi (Quantum)... Private and Confidential © NOVO Energy (Pty) Ltd CNG Filling Station Renewable Fuels Bio-Diesel – Demonstration providing fuel for diesel vehicles (Yellow fleet construction vehicles, municipal fleets) – Recording data for comparison and reporting – Understanding infrastructure requirements MetroBus Ethanol Inspired and facilitated by Clinton foundation Ethanol bus from Sweden during mid 2010 and has been operating since then ED95, and with its small additive package This bus has covered well over 20,000 km on our inner city routes Emissions have shown a reduction of over 72% in CO2, 60% NOx and 90% PM The fuel consumption show 85 L/100 km Jobs in the rural areas Animal feed from the waste products 1 7 Renewable Fuels Bio Gas (from biomass, waste, sewage, etc.) – Demonstration by converting petrol taxis – Recording data for comparison and reporting – Understanding infrastructure requirements 1 8 IDC Gas Project Identified alternative fuel Biogas – Landfill, waste & biomass based Trucks and buses Industrial development Job creation 1 9 Electric Vehicles Energy Storage Systems Evaluation & Technology Transfer Electric Motors and Controllers Battery Management Systems Vehicle Components Vehicle - Grid ICT and Grid Integration Vehicle Safety Recycling Issues University Challenges 2 0 Stellenbosch University EVs at the centre EV Partnerships Group of companies to implement SANEDI Green Transport objectives and transfer EV technologies to SA: Convert conventional vehicles to electric propulsion for customers Design and install recharging infrastructure at strategic points Guide and establish EV industrial development in South Africa by 2 3 Optimal Energy Joule Government Initiatives: • Joule Investment • Battery development by the IDC and DTI • SABS EV committee • IMC for commercialisation of EVs 2 4 10 x Single Manufacturer Solar Car Fleet World first Solar Car Fleet, used in interactive education programs In Collaboration with Glyndŵr University in Wales Universal car, Pure EV Mode, Solar Mode and Fuel Cell Mode 4,457 km 10 Days Toughest solar challenge in the world 15 Local SA Teams building cars 10 International Teams (Tokai, Nuna, Etc.) In collaboration with Formulec France 100% Electric Formula Race Car Opportunity for the African Leg of Formulec Series in 2012/13 Street Circuit with focus on developing a festival atmosphere Formula 3, competitive car, 0-100km/h < 3s Cape Town Waterfront electric yacht development SA Energy Balance E CRUDE OIL S Agriculture PRODUCTION K LOSSES O Domestic M Commerce C BP Transport O S SHELL A A CALTEX CONSUMPTION S ENGEN LOSSES O L L Mining USEFUL ENERGY Direct Industrial Carbon Intensity of the Final Energy Mix 15% Wrong32 energy & wrong technology for mobility work 15% Wrong33 energy & wrong technology for mobility work 15% Wrong34 energy & wrong technology for mobility work 15% Wrong energy & wrong technology for mobility work Oil Well Refinery Distribution Petrol Car (WW)η W96% T90% 100%97% 18% Coal MineEfficientSynfuel Plant Distribution Petrol Car 97% 40% 97% 18% Coal Mine Power Station Distribution Electric Car 24% 97% 35% 95% 75% Solar Farm Distribution Electric Car 71% 95% 75% How far can you go on one hectare? Kilometres per Hectare Electric (PV) 325,000 BioGas (corn) 67,000 BioMass to Liquid 60,000 Electric 16kW/100km SI – 7,4Litre/100km CI – 6,5Litre/100km BioEthanol 22,500 BioDiesel 21,500 0 100000 200000 300000 400000 38 Where is the Electricity going to come from? 24 23 22 38 GWh GW 21 6 million cars 19 18 17 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hours of the day Energy, Cost and GHG For Petrol Electric Car 100km: Car Peak Off-peak & Small Car Price/Unit R 10,00 R 1,00 20c Units 10 litres 15 kWh 7,5 kWh Energy 320 MJ 54 MJ 27 MJ Cost R 100,00 R 15,00 R1,50 25kg 0 0 GWP 45kg7-50kg 39kg39kg 19kg19kg Optimising the Commute Table View DRAFT Bellville Woodstock UWC Pinelands Camps Bay CBD MowbrayMowbray RondeboschRondebosch Airport ClaremontClaremont Nyanga Khayelitsha Hout Bay Mitchell’s Plain Somerset Retreat West Muizenberg Fishoek Mobility Hubs Cape Town 42 Performance: Person.km/Energy Unit Urban Commutes Long Distance Travel Rail 255 Electric Train (300 km/h) 160 Trolleybus 123 Regional Electric Train 85 Diesel bus 33 Diesel electric commuter rail 85 Light motorcycle 25 Maglev (400 km/h) 81 Smart For 2 cdi 20 Highway coach 72 Prius 20 Prius 30 City EV 60 Aircraft 21 Aerodynamic DRAG and energy consumption Speed Time to travel km/h 30km Time 60 30 saved: 80 23 7min 100 18 5min 120 15 3min Cars got bigger and heavier over time What is YOUR parasitic mass? GridCar Development Smart Grid City Commuter GridCar Interconnection Integrated Advanced Mobility Systems EV Owners Power EV Producers Manufacturer Power Service Retailers Retailers Charge Policymakers Operators Ideal Architecture Will achieve the following : Services • Promote Innovation Fleet Companies Power • Enforce standards Companies Companies Manufacturers • Encourage competiveness - Car Sharing - Manufacturer - ITS • Expose new markets - Retailers GridCars, - Rental Cmpy. - Toll/Tax/C02 - Producers Optimal • Create job opportunities - Corporates - Smart Grids - Distributors Energy, Nissan - - Smart Cities • Encourage Industry Growth - Charge Units - Etc. • Help lower Environmental Impact • Public transport integration • Ease user acceptance and costs Service Orientated Architecture (Public Application Interface) VALUE ADDED SERVICES Electricity Trading Desk Basic Fleet Services Ideally this Charge Installations Ideally this should be a Vehicle sharing or rental system should be a Public Public Company Company with with Legislative CORE SERVICES Gazetted Control Payment Management Tariffs Tracking Asset Register Let us be practical: 1600 • Average ≈ 60km per day 1400 • Small electric car: 5kWh/100km ≈ 3kWh/day 1200 • PV electrical energy 1000 1600 4kWh per day 800 • PV cells needed ≈ 7m2 600 • PV cells cost ≈ R 40’000, 400 600 once-off, for 25 years Saudi474 Arabia is 200 seeking the light . • PV kmWorld life ≈ 150’000km of the SUN! 0 “25% of world demand” Wind • 27c/km (no increase!) Exa Joules Exa JoulesPetaa ofJoules Energy (2008) Solar 4,457 km 10 Days Toughest solar challenge in the world 15 Local SA Teams building cars 10 International Teams Solar Electric Bus • Adelaide Australia • World's first 100% solar-recharged electric transit bus • ”Tindo” after the Aboriginal word for "sun" • Seats 27, powered by a 35kW electric motor running off ZEBRA sodium nickel chloride batteries rated at 261.8kWh • 11,480kg vehicle has a top speed of 75km/hr and an estimated operation range between fast charges is 200km Thank you ! Carel Snyman 083 41 00 313 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] • Inductive power transmission is based on the fact that an electric conductor creates a magnetic field, which generates an electric current in another conductor placed within that field. • Induction is used in a huge range of applications, from electric generators in power plants to electric toothbrushes which charge inductively when placed in their base. What’s radically different about PRIMOVE is that it can charge vehicles not just when parked, but also in motion. • The induction coil under the road or track carries high-frequency alternating current, which creates a magnetic field. This field induces a voltage in the vehicle-side inductive pick-up, which is used to charge and power the vehicle. The vehicle “communicates” with the wayside components to switch on a given segment only when the vehicle is directly over it. • The advantages are freedom from wear and exposure, elimination of the need for batteries, high safety, flexible power, and theoretically unlimited range .
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