Annual Report the Voice of European Railways 2017 CER Annual Report 2017

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Annual Report The Voice of European Railways 2017 CER Annual Report 2017

Table of contents

Annual Report

The Voice of European Railways 2017

The Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) brings together more than 70 railway undertakings, their national associations as well as infrastructure managers and vehicle leasing companies. The membership is made up of long-established bodies, new entrants and both private and public enterprises, representing 73% of the rail network P4 Foreword length, 77% of the rail freight business and about 93% of rail passenger operations in EU, EFTA and EU accession countries. CER represents the interests of its members towards EU policy makers and transport stakeholders, advocating rail as the backbone of a competitive and sustainable transport system in Europe.

Publisher: Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER), Avenue des Arts 53, 1000 Brussels - Belgium

Published in January 2018

For more information, see www.cer.be

Crister Fritzson, CER Chairman Libor Lochman, CER Executive Director

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1 P6 2 P22

CER at a glance Market trends

1.1 The Voice of European Railways P7 2.1 Rail sector stagnation gives 1.2 CER members P9 way to growth in first half 1.3 CER activities and political events P12 of 2017 P23 1.4 Communicating and collaborating in 2017 P18 1.5 Ten years of the European Railway Award P20

3 P26 4 P39

In the spotlight CER governance

3.1 A leading voice in the mobility debate P27 4.1 CER Management 3.2 Implementing the technical part of the Fourth Railway Package P29 Committee P40 3.3 Promoting fair infrastructure charging in transport P31 4.2 How does CER work? P41 3.4 E-ticketing in rail – a plug & play approach P33 4.3 Member statistics 2016 P43 3.5 Boosting international rail freight P35 3.6 Digitalisation – a reality in rail P37

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t is a great honour for me to have been elected CER We can only begin to imagine what we will see in the next Chairman on 25 September 2017, after a period in 30 years, but to me it is clear that rail will continue to have Ithe position as Acting Chair, following the stepping a very important role to play as an enabler of personal down of Dr. Rüdiger Grube. Under his chairmanship, the mobility, the flow of goods, expanding labour markets association worked on a number of topics important to the and integration, thereby contributing to growth and the Foreword strengthening of Europe’s rail sector. I would like to thank improved competitiveness of Europe as a whole. Rail will him for his strong commitment and drive. Together with remain superior in terms of offering fast, high-capacity all the members as well as CER’s Executive Director Libor connections with efficient use of both energy and space. Lochman and his dedicated team of co-workers – I will take on the challenges, responsibilities and opportunities in the Already now and in the near future, we can foresee that Crister railway sector and work hard to bring it forward. digitalisation and automation will offer huge opportunities. It is crucial that rail can continue to innovate, at a higher This CER Annual Report provides an overview of the pace and as a front-runner compared to other modes in this Fritzson association’s main focus during the past year. As a general regard. Simultaneously, we also need to continue our joint CER Chairman message of relevance to ongoing as well as upcoming efforts to establish smart and attractive multimodal solu- legislative proposals, I find it important to stress that tions. It is therefore welcome that the European Commis- excessive regulation constitutes a burden that undermines sion has declared 2018 to be a year focused on multimo- competitiveness. In particular, additional very detailed dality, aiming to improve the integration of all modes in the sector-specific legislation should be avoided, unless it EU transport system. clearly leads to fulfilling certain goals. The railway sector continues to compete against other modes that often face simpler and less intrusive regulatory frameworks.

2018 will be the 30th anniversary of CER. Looking back at everything that has happened over the lifespan of the association since 1988 provides us with important perspectives on what it is possible to achieve in this sector. Working in close cooperation with the European institutions, considerable progress has been made in creating a single European railway market and better conditions for rail. We have seen an uptick in investments and remarkable technological development, affecting infrastructure, rolling stock and all kinds of rail-related services, with a profound impact on what kind of mobility Crister Fritzson solutions we can offer our customers. CER Chairman

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ollowing the conclusion of the Fourth Railway Package tools enabling railway undertakings to retrofit their in December 2016, many Brussels-based transport locomotives as soon as possible. CER will stay at the heart Fstakeholders thought that 2017 would be a more of the ongoing coordination with its members and the relaxed year – a forecast quite far from reality. CER is today policymakers in order to achieve this ambitious target. as busy as ever on a variety of topics that will have a deep impact on Europe’s mobility. CER is committed to the dialogue with the sector’s social partners, especially in the context of the European Sectoral In 2017, CER devoted a great deal of effort to the Social Dialogue for Railways. Common challenges such implementation of the Fourth Railway Package’s Safety as the integration of more women in the labour force and and Interoperability Directives. The harmonisation of the attractiveness of railway professions are better tackled certification and authorisation processes under the control together. CER has also started a project with the European of the EU Agency for Railways represents a major leap Transport Workers’ Federation to assess the application of forward in shaping a real Single European Railway Area, the 2004 landmark agreement on the working conditions and fostering better services for passengers and goods – an of international rail mobile workers. opportunity that CER wants to use in the best possible way. Last but not least, CER continues to hold its invaluable In May 2017, the European Commission published the discussions with representatives of customers’ legislative package Europe on the Move. At its core is associations. The recent recast of Regulation 1371/2007 the revision of the Eurovignette Directive as well as on rail passenger rights as well as other important files the redefinition of several aspects of drivers’ working such as the European Accessibility Act (EAA) have been conditions. It will be another chance to redress the current at the centre of the debate. The sector has made high shortcomings in intermodal competition from the aspect of satisfaction levels among rail customers its own long- infrastructure charging and internalisation of external costs standing commitment, and because of this CER is aiming while contributing to safer European roads. to ensure that any policy initiative enables rail operators to keep up the good work in this area. CER has been following the Brexit negotiations, acting as an essential interlocutor for the EU institutions by It is with these priorities in mind that we will continue highlighting potential challenges and their corresponding representing the European rail sector at EU level. Our solutions. By providing highly relevant sector expertise, energy to shape these pivotal aspects of transport policy CER aims to support its members to mitigate any negative will sustain the momentum needed to achieve progress on effect on rail’s passenger and freight business that an all fronts. abrupt Brexit may cause. I invite you to read the following pages of our Annual Foreword The debate on the shape and size of the EU’s next Report in order to discover more about CER, and I look Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) is already heating forward to meeting you soon. up, and CER’s key message is that rail infrastructure but also rolling stock and system technology need sufficient resources in the future MFF and a strong grant-based Libor policy such as the Connecting Europe Facility. On the technological front, ERTMS is entering a large- Lochman scale pan-European deployment phase, so that principal CER Executive Director corridors should be fully equipped in less than a decade. Libor Lochman Now it will be essential to find funding and financial CER Executive Director

CER Annual Report 2017 5 CER Annual Report 2017

CER at a glance

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1.1 The Voice of European Railways

Recognised as the voice of European CER at a glance CER membership railways for more than 25 years, CER´s role is to represent the interests of its members by actively CER is the Community CER represents more than 70 members providing an input to EU policy, in of European Railway and CER is the and partners. Infrastructure Companies. particular to support an improved only European business and regulatory environment association that for European railway undertakings Founded in and infrastructure managers. represents the 1988 entire railway 73% system. of the European rail network length

Based in Brussels CER mission 77% of the European rail freight Represent the interests of its members on the business EU policy-making scene Has a team of to support an improved business and regulatory 20+ environment for European employees from railway undertakings and railway infrastructure across Europe companies. 93% of rail passenger operations in Europe

Chapter 1 - CER at a glance 7 CER Annual Report 2017

CER members and partners come from: EU-28, Norway, Switzerland, EU candidate countries Who we work with (Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, Turkey), and Western Balkan countries. CER also has partners in Georgia, Israel, Japan, Moldova, and Ukraine. More than

CER has a diversity of members

ranging from long-established bodies to new entrants and both private and public-sector organisations. 70 6.7% members National 8% and partners associations Other 12% Passenger operators European institutions 32% Council of the EU, European Integrated Commission, European Parliament, companies European Union Agency for Railways, 16% Shift2Rail Freight Other organisations including: operators Allrail, ASECAP, CEEP, CIT, EBRD, EIB, EFRTC, EIM, EPF, ERF, ERFA, ETF, IRU, OTIF, OSJD, RNE, SEETO, T&E, UIC, UNIFE, UIP, 13.3% UIRR, UITP, and World Bank Passenger and 12% freight operators Infrastructure managers

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1.2 CER members (as of September 2017)

Country Name Logo Country Name Logo ALBANIA Hekurudha Shqiptare (HSH) BULGARIA Nacionalna Kompania Železopatna Infrastruktura Albanian Railways (NRIC) AUSTRIA Fachverband der Schienenbahnen (WKO) National Railway Infrastructure Company Austrian Railway Association CROATIA Hrvatske Željeznice Cargo (HŽ Cargo) AUSTRIA Österreichische Bundesbahnen (ÖBB) Croatian Railways Cargo Austrian Federal Railways CROATIA Hrvatske Željeznice Infrastruktura AUSTRIA Salzburger Lokalbahn (SLB) (HŽ Infrastruktura) Salzburg Regional Railway Croatian Railways Infrastructure BELGIUM Lineas CROATIA Hrvatske Željeznice Putnički Prijevoz (HŽPP) Private freight railway undertaking Croatian Railways Passenger Transport BELGIUM Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Belges/ CZECH REPUBLIC České Dráhy (ČD) Nationale Maatschappij der Belgische Spoorwegen Czech Railways (SNCB/NMBS) CZECH REPUBLIC Správa Železniční Dopravní Cesty (SŽDC) Belgian National Railway Company Czech Railway Infrastructure Administration BELGIUM Thalys International (Thalys) DENMARK Danske Statsbaner (DSB) International passenger railway undertaking Danish State Railways BOSNIA- Željeznice Federacije Bosne i Hercegovine (ŽFBH) ESTONIA Eesti Raudtee (EVR) HERZEGOVINA Railways of the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina Estonian Railways BOSNIA- Željeznice Republike Srpske (ŽRS) FINLAND VR-Yhtymä (VR Group) HERZEGOVINA Railways of the Repubic of Srpska State railways of Finland BULGARIA Bălgarski Dăržavni Železnici (BDŽ Holding) FRANCE Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer Français (SNCF) Bulgarian State Railways French National Railway Company BULGARIA Bulgarian Railway Company (BRC) GERMANY Deutsche Bahn (DB) Private freight railway undertaking German Rail GERMANY Verband Deutscher Verkehrsunternehmen (VDV) BULGARIA Bulmarket Association of German Transport Companies Private freight railway undertaking GREECE Organismós Sidirodrómon Elládos (OSE) Hellenic Railways Organisation

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Country Name Logo Country Name Logo GREECE TRAINOSE MONTENEGRO Montecargo National passenger railway undertaking National freight railway undertaking HUNGARY Győr-Sopron-Ebenfurti Vasút/Raab–Oedenburg– MONTENEGRO Željeznička Infrastruktura Crne Gore (ŽICG) Ebenfurter Eisenbahn (GySEV) Railway Infrastructure of Montenegro Hungarian-Austrian railway undertaking NETHERLANDS Nederlandse Spoorwegen (NS) HUNGARY Magyar Vasúti Egyesület (HUNGRAIL) Dutch Railways Hungarian Railway Association NORWAY Norges Statsbaner (NSB) HUNGARY Magyar Államvasutak (MÁV) Norwegian State Railways Hungarian State Railways POLAND Polskie Koleje Państwowe (PKP) IRELAND Iarnród Éireann (IÉ) Polish State Railways Irish Rail POLAND Rail Polska ITALY Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane (FS Italiane) Private freight railway undertaking Italian State Railways PORTUGAL Comboios de Portugal (CP) LATVIA Baltijas Ekspresis (BE) Portuguese Railways Private freight railway undertaking ROMANIA Compania Naţională de Căi Ferate (CFR) LATVIA Baltijas Transīta Serviss (BTS) National Rail Infrastructure Company Private freight railway undertaking ROMANIA Societatea Naţională de Transport Feroviar de LATVIA Latvijas Dzelzceļš (LDZ) Călători (CFR Călători) Latvian Railways National Rail Passenger Transport Company LITHUANIA Lietuvos Geležinkeliai (LG) Lithuanian Railways ROMANIA Societatea Naţională de Transport Feroviar de Marfă LUXEMBOURG Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer (CFR Marfă) Luxembourgeois (CFL) National Rail Freight Transport Company Luxembourg National Railway Company ROMANIA Grup Feroviar Roman (GFR) LUXEMBOURG CFL Cargo Private freight railway undertaking Luxembourg Rail Cargo Company ROMANIA Regiotrans MACEDONIA Makedonski Železnici Infrastruktura Private passenger railway undertaking (MŽ Infrastructure) Macedonian Railway Infrastructure ROMANIA Transferoviar Grup (TFG) MACEDONIA Makedonski Železnici Transport (MŽ Transport) Private railway undertaking Macedonian Railway Transport

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Country Name Logo Country Name Logo SERBIA Železnice Srbije (ŽS) UNITED Eurostar International (Eurostar) Serbian Railways KINGDOM International passenger railway undertaking UNITED High Speed Two (HS2) SERBIA Srbija Voz (ŽS Passenger) KINGDOM Company developing the UK’s new high-speed rail network National passenger railway undertaking UNITED Rail Delivery Group (RDG) SERBIA Infrastruktura Železnice Srbije (ŽS Infrastructure) KINGDOM Association of passenger and freight operators in the UK Infrastructure of Serbian Railways (passenger section only) SLOVAKIA Železnice Slovenskej Republiky (ŽSR) National railway infrastructure manager Partners SLOVAKIA Železničná Spoločnosť Slovensko (ŽSSK) Country Name Logo National passenger railway undertaking GEORGIA Georgian Railway (GR) SLOVAKIA Železničná Spoločnost’ Cargo Slovakia (ŽSSK Cargo) National freight railway undertaking HUNGARY Vasúti Pályakapacitás-Elosztó (VPE) Hungarian Railway Capacity Allocator SLOVENIA Slovenske Železnice (SŽ) ISRAEL Israel Railways (ISR) Slovenian Railways

SPAIN Renfe Operadora (Renfe) JAPAN East Japan Railway Company (JR East) National railway undertaking LATVIA SWEDEN Sveriges Branschföreningen Tågoperatörerna Rail Baltica (RB Rail) (ASTOC) Joint venture developing the Rail Baltica infrastructure project Association of Swedish Train Operating Companies MOLDOVA Calea Ferată din Moldova (CFM) SWITZERLAND BLS Moldovan Railways Regional railway undertaking NETHERLANDS Eurail Group (Eurail) SWITZERLAND Schweizerische Bundesbahnen/Chemins Company managing Eurail and Interrail products de Fer Fédéraux Suisses/Ferrovie Federali Svizzere NETHERLANDS Mitsui Rail Capital Europe (MRCE ) (SBB/CFF/FFS) Locomotive leasing company Swiss Federal Railways SWITZERLAND Trasse Schweiz (trasse.ch) TURKEY Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları (TCDD) Swiss train path allocating body Turkish State Railways UKRAINE Ukrzaliznytsia (UZ) Ukrainian Railway

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1.3 CER activities 1 January 23 January 2 February Malta takes over the rotating Presidency of CER attends the New Year’s reception A CER Executive Director Libor Lochman and political events the Council of the European Union. Europe that leaves no one behind given by meets with ERTMS Coordinator Karel Vinck. the Disability Intergroup of the European 5 January Parliament. 7 February The European Commission puts in place a The European Railway Award celebrates its new ERTMS Deployment Plan. 1 February 10th Anniversary. CER Executive Director Libor Lochman 17 January speaks at a debate organised by MEP Olga 7 February The European Parliament elects Antonio Sehnalova (S&D, CZ) addressing the issues CER Executive Director Libor Lochman Tajani (EPP, IT) as its President for a 2.5 year of the Czech railway system. meets Dunja Perko and Alessandro Carano period. who have recently joined the cabinet of European Transport Commissioner Violeta Bulc.

January

February 2017

18 January 7 February CER and the other members of the The European Commission publishes the European Rail Research Advisory Council first ever CEF Blending Call for Proposals. (ERRAC) meet in plenary. 8 February 23 January The CER General Assembly appoints CER attends the stakeholder conference Crister Fritzson (ASTOC/SJ) as CER on the European Pillar of Social Rights, also Acting Chairman with immediate effect. attended by EC President Jean-Claude New partners are Israel Railways and Rail Juncker, EP President Antonio Tajani Baltica AS. and several Commissioners and national Ministers. 8 February 8 February - Homeless Charter - Signing ceremony Deutsche Bahn, HŽ Infrastruktura, Trainose, and ŽS Infrastructure add their signatures to the rail sector’s ‘Homeless Charter’ in the presence of DG MOVE Director-General Henrik Hololei.

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15 February 15 March 6 April The European Parliament adopts its position The European Parliament adopts the CER organises a joint meeting with on the reform of the Emissions Trading Mureşan Report related to the 2018 members of the European Shippers Council. System. EU budget. Of particular interest: a call to assess the potential cost and funding 19 April 23 February sources of the 18th birthday Interrail pass for The signatories of the Sector Corridor A first steering committee meeting kicks- Europe initiative. Statement form the Sector Statement Group off the new CER-ETF project Rail Mobile (SSG). The SSG will meet twice a year, once Workers. in April and once in October. 17 March 28 February CER Executive Director Libor Lochman 24 April Europe’s Environment Ministers adopt a speaks at the European Passenger CER Executive Director Libor Lochman Council General Approach on the reform of Federation’s (EPF) annual conference in speaks at the European Commission 17 March - Annual EPF conference in Rotterdam. Noise in the Emissions Trading System. Rotterdam. Europe conference in Brussels.

April

March

28 February 22 March 28 March 24 April CER participates in the event Accessibility in CER takes part in the good practice CER attends the first RU Dialogue – PRIME At the VAT Expert Group meeting chaired by practice: lessons for the European Accessibility exchange event of the EU-OSHA Healthy joint meeting. the European Commission, CER highlights Act organised by DigitalEurope. Workplaces for All Ages campaign, as an important technical issues related to the official campaign partner. 28 March Commission’s preferred idea of ‘VAT at 6 March The Platform for Electro-Mobility, of which departure’. CER also reiterates its call for rail CER participates in a meeting organised by 23 March CER is a founding member, hosts a high-level to enjoy VAT exemptions in the same way as the European Commission with National The CER/UIC High-Level Passenger event in the European Parliament. aviation. Enforcement Bodies on Regulation Meeting is hosted by CFL in Luxembourg. 1371/2007 on rail passenger rights. 29 March 26 April 27 March The fourth RU Dialogue plenary meeting The European Commission and the 9 March CER Executive Director Libor Lochman takes place in Brussels. European Union Agency for Railways The European Council re-elects Donald meets Silvio Mascagna, Member of Cabinet kick-off a series of conferences promoting Tusk as its president for a second term of 2.5 of Commissioner Julian King, responsible for 30 March the implementation of the Fourth Railway years (until 30 November 2019). the Security Union. Shift²Rail Executive Director Carlo Borghini Package’s Technical Pillar. Dates of the other addresses the CER Assistants at their conferences: 10 May, 23 May, 7 June, 14 meeting in Brussels. June, and 20 June.

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26 April CER Executive Director Libor Lochman is invited to speak at the LANDSEC (land transport security) meeting organised by the European Commission. 3 May 26 April CER organises a high-level conference to The European Commission publishes its explore solutions to further reduce rail proposal for a European Pillar of Social freight noise. European Commissioner for Rights. The Pillar sets out 20 key principles Transport Violeta Bulc delivers the and rights to support fair and well- keynote speech. functioning labour markets and welfare systems. The proposal is accompanied 4 May by a first set of legislative proposals and The CER/UIC High-Level Freight Meeting 3 May - CER noise conference 4 May - High-Level Freight Meeting consultation initiatives in the social field. takes place in Brussels.

April

May

9 May The Customer Liaison Group (CLG) meets in Brussels.

27-28 April The CER Group of Human Resources Directors meets in Naples. FSI President Gioia Ghezzi is also present.

The members of the CER Customer Liaison Group (CLG) 27-28 April - The CER Group of Human Resources Directors meets in Naples

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10 May CER, the European Commission (DG TAXUD) and the national customs authorities meet in Budapest for the annual Joint Customs Meeting, kindly hosted by 12 June Rail Cargo Hungaria. The 10th PRIME plenary meeting takes place in Sopron. 16-17 May The first workshop of the CER-ETF Rail 13 June Mobile Workers project takes place in The 2017 CER/EIM High-Level Infrastructure Berlin (focus on Belgium, UK/France border, Meeting takes place in Sopron, at the joint 13 June - High-Level Infrastructure Meeting Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands). invitation of GYSEV, MÁV Co, and VPE.

June

24 May 14 June Chaired by Crister Fritzson, the CER CER, jointly with ECF and NS, promotes bike- Management Committee meets in Berlin, train solutions at the 2017 Velo-city conference in kindly hosted by Deutsche Bahn. Amsterdam.

31 May 15 June The European Commission publishes CER participates in the COLPOFER General Assembly Europe on the Move, a set of mobility taking place in Moscow. initiatives. 20 June 8 June The CER Assistants meeting takes place in Tbilisi, kindly The Group of Representative Bodies (GRB) hosted by CER partner Georgian Railways. 20 June - CER Assistants meeting in Tbilisi invites Josef Doppelbauer (Executive Director, EU Agency for Railways) to discuss 21-22 June the most important issues concerning the The second workshop of the CER-ETF Rail Mobile implementation of the Fourth Railway Workers project takes place in Krakow (focus on Czech Package’s Technical Pillar. Republic, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Slovak Republic)

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29 June Transport attachés from the EU Member States travel to Paris to learn about an innovative solution to urban congestion: the 16 September tram-train. Organised by CER together with CER Executive Director Libor Lochman the Maltese Presidency of the EU and the kind meets the Ukrainian Minister of 27 September - CER event on infrastructure charging support of SNCF, the excursion takes place as Infrastructure. part of CER’s series of events with the rotating 27 September presidency of the Council of the EU. 16 September CER, jointly with ERF and ASECAP, organises The European Commission’s European the panel discussion Infrastructure charging 29 June Mobility Week takes place from 16 to in land transport: challenges and way forward, Clio Liégeois is elected new chair of the EU 22 September across more than 2 000 kindly supported by the Estonian Presidency 29 June - CER event with. the Maltese Presidency Agency for Railways’ Management Board. towns and cities. of the EU.

June September

July

1 July 13 July 21 September Estonia takes over the rotating Presidency The Sector Statement Group, endorsed by At the margin of the informal Transport of the Council of the European Union. the Rail Freight Corridors, meets in Brussels. Council meeting, the Estonian Presidency together with the European 11 July 13 September Commission organises the Connecting CER holds its 2017 summer cocktail in President of the European Commission, Europe Conference in Tallinn. Brussels. Jean-Claude Juncker delivers his ‘State of the Union’ address at the European 25 September Parliament in Strasbourg. The CER Management Committee and General Assembly take place in 25 September - CER General Assembly 14 September Gdańsk, kindly hosted by PKP. Among The European Parliament adopts its report the bodies’ main decisions is the on the European Accessibility Act. confirmation of Crister Fritzson as the association’s Chair and the election of the Management Committee for the 2018-2019 term. Crister Fritzson and 11 July - CER summer cocktail Libor Lochman

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28 September 15-16 November The Sectoral Social Dialogue for Railways CER Executive Director Libor Lochman gathers for a Steering Committee meeting. 24 October speaks at the 2017 Control Command The rail freight corridor Sector Statement and Railway Communication Conference 28 September Group (SSG) meets in Brussels. (CCRCC) organised by the EU Agency for 30 November The European Commission publishes a Railways. The CER Human Resources Directors proposal to recast Regulation 1371/2007 26 October Group meets in Brussels. on rail passenger rights (Rail PRR). The RU Dialogue plenary meeting takes 16 November place in Brussels. The PRIME plenary meets in Brussels. 1 December 3 October The Rail Sectoral Social Dialogue plenary The EU Court of Auditors publishes a special 8-10 November 17 November meeting takes place in Brussels. report entitled A single European rail traffic DG MOVE and the Estonian EU CER Executive Director Libor Lochman management system (ERTMS): will the political Presidency hold the Digital Transport speaks at the COLPOFER General Assembly 5 December choice ever become reality? Days in Tallinn. in Vienna. EU Ministers of Transport meet in Brussels.

November

October December

4-5 October 23 November 5-6 December The third workshop of the CER-ETF Rail The CER Assistants meet in Brussels. The fourth workshop of the CER-ETF Rail Mobile Workers project takes place in Mobile Workers project takes place in Lyon Zagreb (focus on Austria, Croatia, Italy, 26 November (focus on Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Slovenia). CER participates in the first seminar of the Spain, Switzerland). European Employers Network, featuring 17-19 October discussions with DG EMPL Director- 7 December CER Chair Crister Fritzson visits Brussels General Michel Servoz. The EU Rail Freight Day takes place in for an introductory round of meetings Vienna. with key EU decision makers including DG 27 November MOVE Director-General Henrik Hololei and CER takes part in the launch event of the 7 December ERTMS Coordinator Karel Vinck. 17-19 October - CER Chair Crister Fritzson in Brussels Women in Transport EU Platform for CER organises a gathering of rail freight Change, an initiative of DG MOVE and the CEOs with Transport Commissioner Violeta 18 October EESC, and signs the Declaration on equal Bulc in Vienna. The Customer Liaison Group meets in opportunities for women and men in the Brussels. transport sector.

Chapter 1 - CER at a glance 17 CER Annual Report 2017

1.4 Communicating and collaborating in 2017

37 publications across 7 key areas

1. Brexit UK 3. Financing

A CER Statement on Brexit (position paper, • More EU budget for transport (joint brochure, September 2017) October 2017) • Post-2020 Multiannual Financial Framework - Views of the rail sector (joint position paper, September 2017)

2. Environment & Economics 4. Regulation

• High time to implement user-pays and polluter- • CER position on the Economic Equilibrium Test (position paper, November 2017) pays in road charging: CER’s proposals for the • CER position on the Proposal for a Regulation of the European Parliament and of the Council setting out the (position paper, November Eurovignette review conditions and procedure by which the Commission may request undertakings and associations of undertakings to 2017) provide information in relation to the internal market and related areas (position paper, November 2017) • Electro-Mobility Platform reaction to the EC • CER Answer to the Public Consultation Implementation of the Recast – ‘Conditions of access to services’ – proposal for a revised ‘Eurovignette’ Directive on Article 13 Recast Directive 2012/34/EU (position paper, August 2017) (joint position paper, October road charging • Public service rail transport in the European Union: an overview (report, July 2017) 2017) • CER Fourth Position Paper Implementation of the Recast - ‘Conditions of access to services’ – Article 13 Recast • Road charging / Revising the Eurovignette Directive 2012/34/EU (position paper, May 2017) (summary sheet, September 2017) Directive • CER Third Position Paper Implementation of the Recast - ‘Conditions of access to services’ – Article 13 Recast • (fact sheet, May Reducing rail freight noise Directive 2012/34/EU (position paper, February 2017) 2017) • Platform for Electro-mobility Joint Statement on Road Tolling (joint position paper, April 2017)

5. Social affairs

• Working conditions of rail mobile workers in international services (fact sheet, November 2017) • Joint Statement on the European Pillar of Social Rights (joint statement, November 2017 • Joint Statement on the European Pillar of Social Rights (joint statement, January 2017)

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6. Technical affairs & digitalisation 7. Who we are

• GRB Guide to the 4th Railway Package Technical Pillar (joint FAQ, November 2017) • CER Annual Report (report, January 2017) • Joint Rail Sector Declaration on Digitalisation of Railways (joint position paper, November • CER – The Voice of European Railways (brochure, 2017) January 2017) • The use of SAIT in the framework of JNS (position paper, October 2017) • CER acknowledges formal methods and process proposed by EULYNX as good practice (position paper, October 2017) • CER position on the practical arrangement on ERTMS track side approval (position paper, October 2017) Website – www.cer.be Twitter - @CER_railways • GRB position on ERA System Report 2016 (joint position paper, October 2017) • CER/UNIFE/UIP/EPPTOLA/FEDECRAIL/ERFA/NB-Rail letter on vehicle authorisation 29 658 users 1865 followers (joint letter, September 2017) 120 894 page views • CER/UNIFE/UIP/EPPTOLA/FEDECRAIL/ERFA/NB-Rail letter on TSI Loc&PAS and TSI WAG (joint letter, September 2017) • CER/UNIFE/UIP/EPPTOLA/FEDECRAIL/ERFA/NB-Rail letter on fees and charges (joint letter, September 2017) • CER/EIM/UNIFE/EPTTOLA/FEDECRAIL/UIRR RINF ‘Vision Paper’ - Recommendations LinkedIn – CER Tweet of the year for the RINF stabilisation and development (joint position paper, August 2017) • Radio spectrum for rail (fact sheet, June 2017) 2 058 followers • Introducing Human Factor into the CSMs (joint position paper, June 2017) • With spectrum, boosting a single European Digital Railway Area (joint position paper, May 2017) • COR - Safety Management Data (joint position paper, May 2017) • GRB position on the “transition regime” (joint position paper, May 2017) • European Data Economy (position paper, April 2017) • GRB letter to the EC on the Fourth Railway Package Technical Pillar – vehicle authorisation (joint letter, April 2017) • GRB Comments on the draft IA “Fees and charges” (joint position paper, March 2017) • GRB Position paper on the EC Expert Group on the Technical Pillar of the 4th Railway Package topics (joint position paper, March 2017) • European Electronic Communications Code (Recast) (joint position paper, February 2017)

Chapter 1 - CER at a glance 19 CER Annual Report 2017

1.5 Ten years of the European Railway Award

A special edition of the European Railway Award was held on 7 February 2017, marking the event’s 10th anniversary. High-level policymakers, transport stakeholders and rail sector representatives from across Europe flocked to Brussels to help celebrate the momentous occasion.

From left to right: CER Executive Director Libor Lochman, UNIFE Chairman Laurent Troger, European Commission Vice-President The European Railway Award, co-organised Vice-President for Energy Union Maroš for Energy Union Maroš Šefčovič, Chair of the EP Committee on Transport and Tourism Karima Delli, UNIFE Director-General by CER and UNIFE (the Association of Šefčovič, Chair of the EP Committee Philippe Citroën, Maltese Minister of Transport Joe Mizzi, EU Agency for Railways Executive Director Josef Doppelbauer, the European Rail Industry), honours on Transport and Tourism Karima Delli Technical Award Winner 2016 Eric Fontanel, former UNIFE Director-General Michael Clausecker, former CER Executive Director Johannes Ludewig, Technical Award Winner 2010 Roland Heinisch, Technical Award Winner 2011 Stefan Haas, Political Award outstanding political and technical (Greens/EFA, DE), and Maltese Minister Winner 2012 Karel Vinck, futurist keynote speaker Gerd Leonhard achievements in the development of of Transport Joe Mizzi, representing the economically and environmentally Maltese Presidency of the EU. sustainable rail transport. 18 laureates have been recognised since the launch of the They expressed their support for rail event in 2007. In total, 65 jury members and alluded to the sector’s great value helped select them and over 4000 guests for Europe with Vice-President Šefčovič turned out to see them accept their award calling rail “a very important transport and donate 130,000 euros in prize money to mode”; Mrs Delli saying: “Train is a ‘win- charity. win-win’: it provides social, environmental and economic benefits.”; and Minister Mizzi For the 10th Anniversary, instead of stating that “heavy rail transport is one of the presenting new awards, the organising Chair of the EP Committee on Transport most environmentally sustainable modes for and Tourism Karima Delli associations paid tribute to all who carrying bulky freight.” contributed over the years to making the event what it is today: a proud demonstration The ceremony included a short political that all players in the European railway review of the past ten years before From left to right: CER Executive Director Libor Lochman, European Commission sector – from infrastructure managers, rail renowned futurist Gerd Leonhard turned Vice-President for Energy Union Maroš Šefčovič, Chair of the EP Committee on operators and suppliers, to their partners in the guests’ attention to the future with a Transport and Tourism Karima Delli, Maltese Minister of Transport Joe Mizzi, governments and the European institutions – thought-provoking analysis of present-day UNIFE Director-General Philippe Citroën are speaking with one voice when it comes to technological developments and where creating an efficient, competitive, customer- they will lead. The evening concluded with focussed and sustainable railway network. the CER-UNIFE Annual Reception. European Commission Vice-President for Energy Union Maroš Šefčovič This message was echoed by the evening’s The European Railway Award is returning For more information visit political speakers, European Commission as of 2018 for another inspiring 10 years. www.europeanrailwayaward.eu

20 Chapter 1 - CER at a glance CER Annual Report 2017

2014

The winners from the first 10 years

The European Railway Award was initiated by CER in 2007. It is now organised jointly with the Association of the European Rail Industry (UNIFE).

Jacques Barrot, Giorgio Diana, Former European Researcher and Commissioner for Professor of Mechanical Transport, Political Engineering at Award Winner Politecnico di Milano, Technical Award Winner 2007 2010 2012 2015

Karel van Miert, Jean Dupuy, Felipe González, Roland Heinisch, Karel Vinck, François Lacôte, Lord Andrew Adonis, Alexander Former European Former Director- Former Spanish Prime Former Member of European ERTMS Senior Vice-President Former UK Secretary Neumeister, Transport General of SNCF, Minister, Political the DB Board and Coordinator, Political and Technical Advisor of State for Transport, Industrial designer, Commissioner, Technical Award Award Winner former Chairman of DB Award Winner Alstom, Technical Political Award Winner Technical Award Political Award Winner Netz, Technical Award Award Winner Winner Winner Winner

2009 2011 2013 2016

Moritz Leuenberger, Bengt Sterner, Ken Livingstone, Stefan Haas, Benedikt Weibel, Johannes Nicolin, Isabelle Durant, Eric Fontanel, Former Swiss Inventor of the ETCS British Labour Managing Director Former CEO of the Technical Director, AAE Former Vice-President Railway engineer, Transport Minister, electronic train control politician and former Knorr Bremse Austria, Swiss Federal Railways Holding AG, Technical of the European Technical Award Political Award system, Technical Mayor of London, Technical Award (SBB), Political Award Award Winner Parliament, Political Winner Winner Award Winner Political Award Winner Winner Award Winner Winner

Chapter 1 - CER at a glance 21

CER Annual Report 2017

Market trends

22 Chapter 2 - Market trends CER Annual Report 2017

2.1 Rail sector stagnation gives way to growth in first half of 2017

European rail passenger operators achieved moderate growth of 1.2% in 2016, while the European rail freight market shrank by 0.1%1.

The situation improved in the first half of 2017, with growth of 4.1% for European rail passenger operators and 4.4% for European freight operators.

No growth in the European rail freight By contrast, rail freight operators in the EU- gradual annual decline since 2008. As can be growth was more pronounced in the EU-13, market 15 were able to achieve moderate growth of seen in Figure 4, rail passenger-kilometers where the rail freight market grew by 10.0%, 0.7% in 2016, which was more pronounced in the EU-13 grew by 3.5% in 2016. This while in the EU-15, the growth reached In 2016, the rail freight sector was not able in the first half of 2016 (+1.4%) compared to progress was slightly more pronounced in 1.8%. Likewise, European rail passenger to make up for the losses of the previous the second half (+0.1%). the second half of 2016 (+3.9%) compared operators increased passenger-kilometres year. The results for 2016 show that rail to the first half (+3.0%). With an increase in by 4.1% in the first half of 2017. Also here tonne-kilometres in Europe declined Moderate growth in the European rail passenger-kilometres of 0.9% in 2016, the the growth was more pronounced in the EU- by 0.1%. As can be seen in Figure 1, the passenger market EU-15 rail passenger market continued its 13, where the rail passenger market grew by performance of the European rail freight slow progression of the previous years. This 8.8% compared to 3.6% in the EU-15. sector was less strong in 2016 than the rate The rail passenger sector in Europe was growth was spread evenly between the first of growth of industrial production2, which able to maintain its moderate growth in and second half of 2016 (+0.9%). grew by 1.6% over the same period. Overall, 2016. Compared to 2015, where passenger- the European rail freight market in 2016 kilometres increased by 1.8%, rail passenger European rail market experiences a remained 8.5% below the pre-crisis level of operators in Europe grew by 1.2% in 2016. positive first half of 2017 2007. During the same period, the unemployment rate3 for the EU-28 decreased by 8.5%, from Despite the modest developments in As reflected in Figure 2, the rail tonne- 9.4% in 2015 to 8.6% in 2016. 2016, the rail market was able to perform kilometres in the EU-13 declined by 1.8% positively in the first half of 2017. During in 2016. This resulted from a sharp drop of Rail passenger operators in the EU-13 were this period, European rail freight operators 4.5% in the first half of 2016 followed by able to maintain positive growth in 2016 increased tonne-kilometres by 4.4% moderate growth of 0.8% in the second half. for a second year in a row, after six years of compared to the first half of 2016. This

1 Data based in Eurostat quarterly statistics for EU-28 2 Industry Production Index (which includes mining and quarrying, manufacturing, electricity, gas, steam and air conditioning supply), Eurostat, December 2017 3 Unemployment rate, Eurostat, December 2017

Chapter 2 - Market trends 23 CER Annual Report 2017

Rail freight development in Europe

Figure 1 : Annual rail freight growth (million tonne-km) in Europe compared to rate of Figure 2: Annual rail freight development in Europe (million tonne-km) growth of industrial production 300 000 10 266 119 250 000 5

1.6% 200 000 0 -0.1% 150 000 -5 133 852

100 000 -10

50 000 -15 EU-15+CH 0 CEEC+SEE -20 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Rail freight growth (tonne-km) EU-28 Industrial production EU-28 Figure 3: Quarterly rail freight development in Europe (million tonne-km)

80 000

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10 000 EU-15+CH 0 CEEC+SEE 2007 Q1 2007 Q3 2008 Q1 2008 Q3 2009 Q1 2009 Q3 2010 Q1 2010 Q3 2011 Q1 2011 Q3 2012 Q1 2012 Q3 2013 Q1 2013 Q3 2014 Q1 2014 Q3 2015 Q1 2015 Q3 2016 Q1 2016 Q3 2017 Q1

24 Chapter 2 - Market trends CER Annual Report 2017

Rail passenger development in Europe

Figure 4: Annual rail passenger development in Europe (million passenger-km)

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398 992 400 000

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50 000 47 141 EU-15+CH 0 CEEC+SEE 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Figure 5: Quarterly rail passenger development in Europe (million passenger-km)

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40 000 © FSI 20 000 EU-15+CH 0 CEEC+SEE 2007 Q1 2007 Q3 2008 Q1 2008 Q3 2009 Q1 2009 Q3 2010 Q1 2010 Q3 2011 Q1 2011 Q3 2012 Q1 2012 Q3 2013 Q1 2013 Q3 2014 Q1 2014 Q3 2015 Q1 2015 Q3 2016 Q1 2016 Q3 2017 Q1

Chapter 2 - Market trends 25 CER Annual Report 2017

In the spotlight

26 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.1 A leading voice in the mobility debate

CER is recognised as a key player in the EU transport landscape.

Expertise and open stakeholder dialogue characterise CER’s actions.

The EU regulatory and legislative framework within the railway galaxy and with which is a complex one, and it has to ensure CER coordinates positions and builds regulatory stability while being responsive alliances based on shared interests and to market and technological developments. common goals. Those partner organisations represent passenger associations In this context, CER has a key role to play and customers of rail freight services, in the EU institutional landscape, as a employees, service providers, and other communicator of sector priorities and modes of transport that become relevant concerns, facilitator of exchange between when interfaces among transport modes or diverse stakeholders, and conveyor of cross-cutting policy issues are at stake (see the technical and market expertise of its also page 8). members. As part of CER’s long-term business In the framework of the EU decision-making priorities, the railway operating community process, the main interfaces for CER are is active on a number of fronts to drive the the European Commission, the EU Agency agenda for tomorrow’s railways: © FSI for Railways, the European Parliament, and the Brussels-based delegations of national - the technical and operational realisation of governments. a safe, efficient and well-functioning EU- wide railway network; Enlarging the horizon beyond the pure - the promotion and integration of market for the all-important achievement of fair charging, taxation and energy pricing, as institutional zone, one should not forget and digital solutions to improve the competition among transport modes, well as broader environmental and security the wide and dense network of sectoral customers’ experience of rail services; which is influenced by external factors policies. associations, representing other actors - the creation of the necessary conditions subject to regulation, such as infrastructure

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 27 CER Annual Report 2017

The above strategy was reflected in firmly engaged with the EU and Member CER’s priority actions in 2017: States, as well as with key stakeholders such as police forces and passengers, in Protecting our passengers’ rights order to address these topics and find the right solutions to mitigate the security The EU institutions are currently discussing threats. CER acknowledges the importance the recast of Regulation 1371/2007 on of improving security while maintaining rail passenger rights. CER considers the the open rail transport system. A common protection of their customers first and approach at EU level is needed where clear foremost as the sector’s own long-standing added value for the security of transport commitment. For this reason, CER is as a whole can be demonstrated to address working closely with the EU institutions today’s security threats. In this context, CER © NS and the customers’ associations, in order is a regular attendant at the Commission’s to ensure that the new text enables rail Expert Group on Land Transport Security operators to keep up the good work in this (LANDSEC). area, to the satisfaction of rail passengers, electrification in the sector, fair regulatory rail sector, remained a top priority item for without jeopardising the sector’s Committing to low-emission mobility framework conditions must be defined for all CER in 2017. CER advocates a pragmatic competitiveness with other modes. transport modes. In the context of reforming European approach to rail freight noise The European Strategy for Low-Emission the EU ETS Directive, this means setting abatement and organised a high-level Accessibility – keeping it simple Mobility published by the European balanced carbon pricing across transport conference in May to discuss the optimal Commission in 2016 is a comprehensive modes. Until then, the rail sector is asking for general regulatory framework. The key is to The rail sector has been on a clear path transport-related strategy. Its intention is to the playing field to be levelled by using ETS enable the successful implementation of rail for many years now to make rail services steer the EU regulatory framework towards revenues to further develop energy-efficient noise reduction measures without creating increasingly accessible for all users. The an accelerated pace of greenhouse gas electric transport modes such as railways. any additional administrative or financial ongoing revision of the PRM TSI Regulation (GHG) emission reductions in the transport burden so as not to compromise the sector’s (1300/2014) and the proposed European sector. In 2017, the European Parliament High hopes for energy efficiency competitiveness. Retrofitting freight wagons Accessibility Act (EAA) are therefore key worked out its position on the strategy. with composite brake blocks is the most priorities for CER. The main concern is to CER used the opportunity to reiterate Improving energy efficiency will reduce effective measure in this sense. The sector avoid double or conflicting EU provisions the necessity of fixing a binding target for Europe’s dependence on energy imports is committed to the transition to quieter on the same topic, which could adversely the reduction of transport-specific GHG and cut emissions. In 2017, the EU began freight wagons, as clearly demonstrated by affect the ongoing plans and investments emissions. a revision of its legislation on energy the oversubscription to the 2016 call for dedicated to improving the accessibility of efficiency. In order to achieve ambitious proposals under the Connecting Europe railway services. Balancing out the EU Emissions and effective long-term energy savings, Facility (CEF). CER therefore continues Trading System (ETS) CER is recommending that the energy to lobby for adequate funding in order to A watchful eye on security used in transport should be included in the maintain the intermodal competitiveness of Electrification of transport offers a unique economy-wide target for 2021 to 2030. the railway sector. CER is also contributing When looking at security in the rail sector, opportunity to decarbonise transport and to the work conducted by the EU Agency for decision makers have had to extend their help decrease Europe’s dependence on Making noise about noise Railways in the framework of the revision focus to the ongoing terrorism threat, imported oil. 55% of railway lines in Europe of the technical specifications for freight alongside other issues including metal theft, are already electrified and these lines carry Tackling rolling noise, the last major wagons (TSI Noise). graffiti, anti-social behaviour, etc. CER is 80% of rail traffic. To encourage further environmental challenge for the European

28 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.2 Implementing the technical part of the Fourth Railway Package

The Fourth Railway Package Technical Pillar introduces major changes to the rail world.

It brings a new approach to safety and authorisation – simpler, more transparent and cheaper.

For decades, running trains, shipping shape a common framework in the field of passengers and goods across the European safety and interoperability. The European continent has been hampered by national Commission, the European Union Agency borders and national ‘peculiarities’. Country for Railways, the EU Member States and by country, different technical systems CER together with the other rail sector were developed and installed, and different representatives have made continuous administrative processes and approaches efforts to shape the package and find a good executed. While the international aviation balance reflecting the railway business’ sector fully relies on and benefits from a needs. Occasionally, too much insisting on harmonised approach in terms of safety, national peculiarities has resulted in rather operations, infrastructure and aircrafts, complicated approaches, however radical the European railway sector is marked simplification remains the leitmotif of the by conspicuous and expensive diversity – Technical Pillar. although attempts have been made to define a common framework for safety and A one-stop-shop for cheaper, faster, interoperability. simpler processes

Bringing it all together The transformation of the European © SBB, Alessandro DellaBella Union Agency for Railways from an The original intention of the Fourth Railway agency drafting technical regulation to an Package’s Technical Pillar, published by the operational European railway authority has European Commission in January 2013, been a definite milestone in the creation of a was therefore to unify the varying national single European railway area. It will now be approaches and build on the efforts to part of the Agency’s duties to grant safety

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 29 CER Annual Report 2017

certificates (proof that safety requirements Keeping on top of ERTMS and are met by railway undertakings) and vehicle digitalisation authorisation (proof that interoperability requirements are met by the train For the first time, a single entity in manufacturers). Prior to this, the processes Europe will have centralised oversight of of certification and authorisation were purely the European Rail Traffic Management national and thus receiving the permission System (ERTMS) implementation. With to operate trains across European borders so many mutually incompatible national was a lengthy procedure representing a huge dialects of this system across Europe, and expensive administrative burden. By making the European Union Agency for harmonising the administrative processes, Railways responsible for future ERTMS linking all responsible authorities (i.e. the trackside approval was long overdue. national safety authorities and the European authority) into a network and establishing The Fourth Railway Package will also the European Union Agency for Railways as lead to a structured and centralised use a one-stop-shop and final decision-making of railway data, contributing to system body, it should make the processes leaner, digitalisation. New registers to govern the simpler, more transparent and in the end data on infrastructure settings, railway less expensive. vehicles, and technical rules have been set up and are constantly being improved. The legally required safety certification, in These databases are no longer stand-alone particular the certification allowing railway tools but will be fully integrated in the companies to operate in several European process of authorisation, train operation countries, will thus be faster in future. The and supervision of railway activities. only critical issue remaining is the transition period between the current regulatory A promising opportunity provisions and the new legislation (Fourth Railway Package). That transition, changing The Fourth Railway Package’s Technical from the old to the new regime, will most Pillar might not be the revolution of the probably not flow smoothly and cause some European railway system that some were ambiguity for all actors involved. expecting. CER and its respective support groups have been working hard in order to © FSI Although the process for vehicle ensure that finally the needs of the railway authorisation seems more complex and operating community are comprehensively difficult than before, with a need to still taken into account in the package’s legal thoroughly shape it, the great opportunity acts. Area, contributing to its digitalisation, and thinking is easier said than done. This remains, within the new legal framework, and facilitating more international train railway package offers the opportunity to significantly reduce the time span All that glitters is not gold, but where services with more passengers and goods. for evolution in many fields and for many between the building of a new vehicle by the technical pillar does shine is in the Transforming, and to a certain extent actors – thus a promising opportunity to a manufacturer and its use by a railway huge leap forward it makes towards overcoming, well-established national keep up the European railway sector’s undertaking. shaping a real Single European Railway approaches to a European way of working competitiveness and to progress.

30 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.3 Promoting fair infrastructure charging in transport

Infrastructure charging in road and rail: European railways need fair framework conditions to thrive.

CER calls for distance-based charging on roads, supporting the user-pays and polluter-pays principles.

What is necessary to achieve fair Infrastructure charging in rail and road competition between rail and road? – the situation today How can road charging contribute to this objective? And what would decent working Railways in Europe are suffering from an conditions for truck drivers look like? The uneven playing field. They pay distance- European Commission’s long-awaited based charges everywhere for any train Europe on the Move package of road sector (100% tolling by EU law), covering at least proposals, published on 31 May 2017, the direct cost of infrastructure use, plus attempts to give answers. often a mark-up. By contrast, even for major roads, charges (vignettes or tolls) are The package notably includes a revision of currently only applied to trucks on about 20- Distance-based infrastructure charging © VR, Janne Mikkila the so-called Eurovignette Directive on 25% of the network in Europe. Even less for rail versus road road charging, of rules for transport within passenger transport. So competition is not foreign EU countries (cabotage) and of rest fair between road and rail. 100% times for drivers. A second package was published on 8 November 2017, proposing 50% 100% 100% new rules for rail-road combined transport 7% and for further liberalisation of coach and 20% 0% bus markets.

Freight Passengers The rail sector supports the Eurovignette proposals’ good elements and asks for All rail Major roads All rail Major roads improvements on others, for the sake of fair framework conditions for railways in Europe. Source: European Commission, CER

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 31 CER Annual Report 2017

Moreover, on EU average, trucks pay only Looking at the other pillar of the Europe on around 30% of their total infrastructure and the Move package – working conditions external costs. Even on EU motorways alone, – this is also a regulated area that shapes cost coverage is only around 70-90%. intermodal competition, and enforcement is a key aspect. In order to draw the attention Communicating the rail sector’s position of policymakers to the intermodal relevance of road sector rules, CER produced a fact The 2016 groundwork laid in anticipation of sheet outlining the quality working conditions the ‘Road Package’ through a first position applicable to international rail mobile paper, CER responses to public consultations, workers. discussions with Commission officials and a compilation of relevant facts, all helped to CER joining forces with other shape CER’s statements in 2017. associations

Fair competition between road and rail To maximise its lobbying impact, CER has requires mandatory distance-based road been joining forces with other associations, charging across the EU. This in turn would also from the road sector. Together with encourage a modal shift to rail, benefitting the European Association of Operators citizens and the environment and helping of Toll Road Infrastructure (ASECAP) and achieve major EU climate objectives. the European Road Federation (ERF), CER Road freight's coverage of external costs (incl. organised a public event on 27 September to infrastructure) CER also adopted a clear position vis-à-vis highlight issues in infrastructure charging in © Deutsche Bahn the Eurovignette Directive revision. Some land transport. Gathering high-level speakers 100% elements are welcome, e.g. to phase out time- from both transport associations and the based charges and to facilitate external-cost EU institutions, the debate demonstrated 80% charging. For other elements, CER is calling overwhelming support for applying user-pays 60% for greater ambition, referring to the polluter- and polluter-pays principles in transport. pays principle of the EU Treaty (art. 191.2) 40% 80% and the Transport White Paper objective of Within the European Platform for Electro- 20% full and mandatory internalisation of external Mobility, an informal group of around 30 30% costs, including wear and tear, by 2020. associations from the energy and transport 0% sectors, CER coordinated a subgroup that Specifically, CER is calling for mandatory developed two joint position papers on the Source: CE Delft (2016-17) EU motorways only All EU roads distance-based charging on all major roads, Eurovignette review. more consistent external-cost charging, earmarking of available external-cost charging Throughout 2018, CER will seek to further revenue to develop cleaner transport modes strengthen such ties, while continuing to and – crucially – direct-cost coverage (user- reach out to the EU institutions, to call pays) for all types of vehicles on roads upon policymakers to adopt rules for fair including zero-emission ones. infrastructure charging.

32 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.4 E-ticketing in rail – a plug & play approach

The rail sector is keen to embrace technological and societal changes in order to meet the needs and expectations of its passengers. The past years have been marked by a shift towards electronic and virtual tickets and increasingly personalised offers, and this is set to continue.

The Full Service Model initiative is set to become the cornerstone of modern rail distribution.

E-ticketing develops at high speed to modern technologies remains a challenge and those to whom holding a paper document The move towards electronic ticketing brings comfort and reassurance. systems is one of the biggest revolutions in rail transport today and the change of pace is unprecedented. The use of computer Multi-carrier offers are multiplying reservation systems allows for ticketless travel as well as technologies based on The offer of multicarrier journeys and chip-cards, smart cards, smartphones and cross-border journeys is expanding as rail Near Field Communication (NFC). Ticketing operators are multiplying connections options have considerably increased for among themselves and with specialised © ZSSK customers, making rail journeys more ticket vendors. The offer of such products is seamless than ever. Today, the majority of set to increase tremendously in the coming all rail tickets in Europe are sold via the months and years. internet, either on railway companies’ own websites or via third-party ticket vendors. At the beginning of 2017, a group of leading However rail is a transport mode for all, railway operators together with major ticket from the most technology-savvy to the least vendors operating in Europe published a connected. Therefore, paper-based tickets set of technical specifications that will are still available to all those for whom access facilitate the exchange of ticketing data.

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 33 CER Annual Report 2017

also benefits the whole distribution chain, Towards multimodal door-to-door including the end-customer who will be able ticketing to acquire a through-journey. The ultimate winner therefore is the passenger, who will Beyond rail ticketing, CER members be able to choose from a wider range of see the future as ‘door-to-door’ and origin-destinations whether buying tickets ‘multimodal’. Each year, they increase at the station or on the internet. FSM also their partnerships with bus operators, contributes to the offer of door-to-door air carriers, car-sharing services, taxi mobility solutions. companies, public transport providers and other platforms to bring customers exactly FSM specifications are there to be where they wish to go. This involves sharing used and accessing travel data, an area where the European Commission Delegated Act There is of course no obligation. Each on Multi-Modal Travel Information Services company is free to use whichever method (MMTIS) is to pave the way. The CER they choose to connect to their distribution Travel Experience Working Group actively partners. Sometimes, using a legacy system engaged with the European Commission’s which has worked for years may remain Intelligent Transport System (ITS) Unit adequate and cost-effective. But the FSM to make sure that terms and conditions specifications have been developed to adapt to access travel data are defined in the to the digital age with all the flexibility and relevant license agreement of the data ease of data processing that this implies. The provider, so as to protect data owners specifications are available to download free from any misuse of their data. The MMTIS of charge at www.tsga.eu/fsm. Just in the Delegated Act was adopted on 21 October © FSI first months following their publication, they 2017, providing the legal certainty required were downloaded more than 100 times by a for multimodal travel information to expand wide range of users in Europe and beyond. for the benefit of all travellers.

The new specifications, known under the who wish to sell each other’s products or An increasing number of CER members is acronym FSM (Full Service Model), allow to combine them. The FSM specifications already adopting them. Ticket vendors are railways and ticket vendors to better sell rail offer one uniform interface to connect all also realising what great potential FSM products and to combine them into end-to- interested railways and ticket vendors, offers. Ticket retailers are able to bring end transport solutions for their customers. subject to commercial agreements. It’s like together information from a great number FSM is the result of a long collaboration a universal plug adapter for ticketing. of international rail carriers for use by large between railways and ticket vendors. companies, travel management companies, FSM users are able to reduce their costs online booking tools and travel agencies. One plug fits all as they do not have to adapt their IT systems each time they want to connect CER encourages all railways and all ticket With the FSM technical specifications, there with a new commercial partner. But vendors to download and apply the FSM is no longer any need to develop specific using the universal FSM plug rather than specifications, especially when contracting bilateral connections between operators a dedicated plug for each connection with new commercial partners.

34 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.5 Boosting international rail freight

The rail sector is committed to improving the quality, reliability and efficiency of transporting goods by rail across Europe. Work has started on 10 priority actions deriving from the railway Sector Statement on boosting international rail freight.

Time matters, not only the European Commission is expecting results quickly.

The European rail sector and Member Statement was presented together with States are pulling together with a Ministerial Declaration on boosting a common goal in mind: boosting international rail freight launched by the international rail freight for the benefit EU’s transport ministers during the TEN-T of the whole sector, including shippers Days in Rotterdam in June 2016. and other end-users. This was an unprecedented step towards The rail sector and its customers increasing the competitiveness of (represented by CER and nine international rail freight, unlocking its other Brussels-based rail-related growth potential, and promoting rail’s key associations), supported by the role in a sustainable transport system. nine Rail Freight Corridors (RFCs), have signed a Sector Statement, A Sector Statement Group to committing themselves to improving implement the Ten Priority Actions the quality, reliability and efficiency of transporting goods by rail across The involved sector stakeholders identified Europe. It identifies important the ten priority actions (listed below) measures needed to boost international requiring the most urgent attention, and rail freight, many of which are presented them at the Rail Freight Day in infrastructure related. The Sector December 2016. © FSI, G. Senese

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 35 CER Annual Report 2017

10 Priority Actions derived from the Sector Statement 1. Following the TimeTable Redesign project (TTR) 2. New concepts for capacity offer on RFCs 3. Improving coordination on Temporary Capacity Restraints (TCR) 4. Enhancing the use of Path Coordination System (PCS) 5. Improving harmonisation of processes at borders 6. Train tracking and Expected Time of Arrival (ETA) © OEBB 7. Prioritisation, funding instruments, and monitoring of TEN-T parameters 8. Facilitating concrete ERTMS Implementation 9. Monitoring the quality of freight services with implemented and shared KPIs Time to deliver 10. Harmonising the Corridor Information Document (CID) There is considerable pressure on the sector to deliver rapid progress with respect to the ten priority actions. In early 2017, the European Commission decided to postpone Consequently the Sector Statement Group the review of Regulation 913/2010 was formed in 2017 in order to collect and concerning a European rail network for share information on the implementation competitive freight by roughly two years in of the Sector Statement. The group is order to allow time for the sector to develop supported by a rapporteur for each priority, its own business-oriented solutions. The and a secretary drawn from the participating first concrete results on the progress of the sector associations. The role of the Sector Statement Group were presented rapporteurs is to form an aggregated sector at the Rail Freight Day in Vienna on 7 view and to report on progress to sector December 2017. stakeholders as well as to the European Commission and transport ministries. Despite many challenges, the Sector Statement presents a unique opportunity The Secretary acts as the single point of for the sector to improve conditions for contact for organisational matters, and is rail freight. Its strength is derived from the responsible for disseminating information direct support of the numerous participating through a dedicated website. The secretariat rail freight companies and infrastructure function is currently held by CER but will managers, the Rail Freight Corridors, change annually on a rotational basis. shippers and their associations. In addition, the sector enjoys the close cooperation of transport ministries through the Ministerial Declaration, as well as the support of the © Deutsche Bahn European Commission.

36 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

3.6 Digitalisation – a reality in rail

The rail sector aims to make the most CER, with its paper on the European The rail sector’s objective is to make the most out of the of the opportunities offered by digital data economy (Q2-2017), contributed to digital transformation in order to offer highly efficient and transformation. Its ultimate objective the main objectives of the Commission’s appealing transport options to its customers. is to offer highly efficient and attractive Communication Building a European Data transport options to its customers. To Economy in addition to responding to the Reliable and better connectivity will provide safe, efficient help achieve this, the sector identified the public consultation on this issue. following priorities, as outlined in the joint and attractive railways both for customers and staff. Roadmap for Digital Railways (2016): In general, CER welcomes the possibilities which data-driven business models, IoT • enhancing customer experience by and smart-sensor-equipped machines offering better and added value for can provide. CER therefore encourages customers; positive discussion on such opportunities • offering connected railways by providing rather than a restrictive view of data reliable connectivity for safe, efficient usage. and attractive railways; • boosting rail competitiveness by making The European Electronic the most of transport data; Communications Code • increasing capacity by enhancing the reliability, efficiency and overall Connectivity is seen as a foundation performance of railways. allowing the full realisation of the European Single Digital Market and the A European Data Economy digitalisation of railways. Reliable and better connectivity will provide safe, At sector level, railways are exploring all efficient and attractive railways both for opportunities. They’re adapting to and customers and staff, ensuring high-quality, integrating in the new digital ecosystem in high-speed coverage by public telecom order to maintain their strong economic operators, including along major transport position in Europe. Better collaboration, paths and the trans-European transport both within the sector and beyond – with network. other complementary transport modes, manufacturers, suppliers, customers, CER therefore supports the main end-users and other third parties – will objectives of the Commission’s bring added value for customers making it Communication Connectivity for a easier for them to integrate rail into their Competitive Digital Single Market - Towards © DB transport options. a European Gigabit Society, aimed at

Chapter 3 - In the spotlight 37 CER Annual Report 2017

delivering high-performance internet in order to reduce the risks and cost connectivity for the Digital Single Market involved in ERTMS programs and projects, and in particular for digitalised railways. and finally achieve a deployment that will Careful attention was paid to the enhance network capacity by improving communication’s proposal for a Directive the reliability, efficiency and performance establishing the European Electronic of railways. Communications Code (Recast) in a CER position paper. In its special report A single European rail traffic management system: will the political E-transport documents for freight choice ever become reality? (October 2017), the EU Court of Auditors found There are significant benefits emerging that deployment so far is at a low level from using electronic documents, i.e. and represents a patchwork. Despite the reduced printing costs, less (error-prone) broad acceptance of the ERTMS concept manual data input, fast and easy access to enhance interoperability, infrastructure to data, and competitive advantages managers and railway undertakings are among others. reluctant to take on the significant expense involved. It’s an investment that can be hard CER, in collaboration with CIT, UIC to justify (for example in the Member States and Raildata, contributes to the with well-functioning national systems Commission’s Digital Transport & and significant remaining lifespan) and EU Logistics Forum (DTLF) activities on funding can only cover a limited amount. electronic transport documents for In order to accelerate ERTMS freight. The overall objective of this © SNCF, Matthieu Raffard initiative is to foster the electronic implementation, the Commission published exchange of such documents/data, the ERTMS Deployment Action Plan on particularly for multimodal and cross- 6 November 2017. The action plan has border transport operations, and been extensively reviewed at CER; its enhance rail’s competitiveness by execution will be monitored by the European making the most of transport data. Commission and the EU Agency for Railways and EU Agency for Railways working groups The challenge for the upcoming years is to via the ERTMS Stakeholder Platform, and has also developed a closer cooperation define relevant steps that will help ERTMS ERTMS – step-by-step across involving CEOs from major rail operators with other European sector organisations to be affordable and able to deliver the Europe and suppliers. involved in ERTMS deployment and required performance for the railway development. In-depth investigations system in Europe. Appropriate financing More than 50 European working groups In parallel, work is underway to implement were launched on how to improve product instruments must also be made available for contribute to and influence the European the many ERTMS-related legal texts, such testing and validation in order to ensure ERTMS to deliver effective and predictable Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS). as the European Deployment Plan, the good performance and compatibility on opportunities for the railway system. Coordination among CER members, National Implementation Plans, Technical all kind of ERTMS lines. On top of this a with sector partners but also with the Specifications for Interoperability (TSIs), checklist was published to support railway European Commission and the EU the Fourth Railway Package, etc. CER is undertakings when procuring ERTMS on- Agency for Railways is therefore essential contributing to all European Commission board equipment.

38 Chapter 3 - In the spotlight CER Annual Report 2017

CER governance

Chapter 4 - CER governance 39 CER Annual Report 2017

4.1 CER Management Committee

CER Chair Crister Fritzson Association of Swedish Train Operating Companies (ASTOC)

Vice-Chair Vice-Chair Vice-Chair Vice-Chair Ilona Dávid Martin Erdössy Andreas Matthä Oliver Wolff Magyar Železnice Österreichische Verband Államvasutak Slovenskej Bundesbahnen Deutscher (MÁV) Republiky (ŽSR) (ÖBB) Verkehrsunter nehmen (VDV)

Member Member Member Member Member Juan Alfaro Pavel Krtek Richard Lutz Krzysztof Renato Renfe Operadora České dráhy (ČD) Deutsche Bahn Mamiński Mazzoncini (RENFE) (DB) Polskie Koleje Ferrovie dello Państwowe (PKP) Stato Italiane (FS Italiane)

Member Member Member Member Member Andreas Meyer Geert Pauwels Guillaume Pepy Paul Plummer Marc Wengler Schweizerische Bun- Lineas Société Nationale Rail Delivery Société desbahnen / Chemins des Chemins Group (RDG) Nationale des de Fer Fédéraux Suisses de Fer Français Chemins de Fer / Ferrovie Federali (SNCF) Luxembourgeois Svizzere (SBB/CFF/FFS) (CFL)

Associated Associated Associated Member Member Member Edvīns Bērziņš Bernard Carlos Gomes Latvijas dzelzceļš Guillelmon Nogueira (LDz) BLS Comboios de Portugal (CP)

40 Chapter 4 - CER governance CER Annual Report 2017

4.2 How does CER work?

CER is the only organisation in the EU representing the entire European railway system vis-à-vis the EU Institutions. Its diverse membership includes railway undertakings and their national associations, infrastructure companies, path allocating bodies and vehicle leasing companies, including long-established companies, new entrants, and both private and public- sector organisations. CER represents a vast majority of freight and passenger operators in the EU and candidate countries, as well as the majority of rail infrastructure managers.

The governance structure of CER is CER Assistants Working groups Building bridges composed of three main bodies, ensuring a steady flow of communication between CER members are represented by their The CER working groups are made up of Internally CER follows the principle that CER and its members. These bodies are International or European Affairs Managers members of the CER Assistants group or other opinions of all members are taken into supported by regular meetings at chief in the CER Assistants group. This liaison experts delegated by member companies. consideration. CER has long-standing executive and working levels. group helps to facilitate the continuous The main working groups are (in alphabetical experience demonstrating that there is exchange of information between CER and order): always a way to find compromises among CER General Assembly its members. various members’ positions when a • Brexit Working Group principle of mutual respect applies. In the The General Assembly is CER’s decision- Besides the gatherings of these bodies, • Customer Liaison Group same spirit, every member has access to making body. All member organisations take CER also arranges further meetings and • Customs Working Group every working group in our association. one seat and are represented by their Chief working groups to discuss specific issues. All • Economics and Taxation Group CER is always open to new members. Executive or Director General. The General members affected are invited to take part in • Environment and Energy Strategy Group Assembly takes strategic decisions and gives these discussions. • CER ERA Steering Unit (and various working the CER team guidance on how to advance groups on interoperability and safety) on specific policy issues. High-level meetings • Freight Focus Group • HR Policies Working Group CER Management Committee Separate meetings are held at least once a • Infrastructure Interest Group year with chief executives from passenger, • Legal Working Group The Management Committee makes freight and infrastructure companies • Passenger Working Group recommendations to the General Assembly. to discuss specific issues affecting their • Security Working Group It consists of the CER Chair, four Vice- business areas. In the field of social affairs, • Social Dialogue Working Group Chairs and further members elected by there are also dedicated meetings of Human • Travel Experience Working Group the General Assembly. The size of the Resource Directors. Management Committee is limited to a All groups meet on a regular and/or ad hoc basis. maximum of 16 members.

Chapter 4 - CER governance 41 CER Annual Report 2017

CER working structure Executive Director Libor Lochman

Executive Director Public Affairs & Secretary Operations Françoise Vangelder Matteo Mussini

Administration & HR Technical Affairs Security Infrastructure & Freight & Passenger Paule Bollen Press & Communications EU Institutions Enno Wiebe Ilja Lorenzo Volpi Statistics Jacques Dirand Isabelle Tshiams Eva Böckle Ester Caldana Jean-Baptiste Simonnet Britta Schreiner Ilja Lorenzo Volpi Kelly Vega Henriquez Laura Henry John Mortell Emanuele Mastrodonato Ilja Lorenzo Volpi

High-Level Freight & High-Level Infrastructure Passenger Groups Group (with EIM) CER ERA Steering Unit (with UIC)

Infrastructure Freight & Passenger CER ERA Support Groups Working Group Working Groups

Legal Services Social Affairs Transport & Miguel Á. Caramello- Ester Caldana Environment Economics Álvarez Stefan Tobias Elizabeth Bragina Ethem Pekin

Economics & Taxation Legal Group HR Directors Group Group

Customs Working HR Policies & Social Environment & Group Dialogue Working Groups Energy Strategy Group

42 Chapter 4 - CER governance CER Annual Report 2017

4.3 Member statistics 2016

CER Member a, b, c, d, e Country Length of Staff number Passengers carried Passenger-kilometres Freight tonnes Freight Train-kilometres Turnover EBITDA g lines carried tonne-kilometres (IM only)f in km FTE d Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions € Δ% millions € 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 ASTOC SE - 10 501 1% 221.0 3% 12 800.0 1% 67.5 4% 21 406.0 3% - - n/a n/a n/a BDŽ Holding BG - 9 477 -1% 21.4 -5% 1 458.0 -6% 6.2 -25% 1 573.0 -12% - - 167.8 -11% -0.2 BE n LV - 182 3% - - - - 6.1 205% 2 403.8 n/a - - n/a n/a n/a BLS CH 520 2 686 -5% 57.8 4% 981.3 5% 10.1 n/a 2 440.0 -7% 13.9 2% 949.4 1% 249.5 BRC BG - 351 9% - - - - 2.6 -3% 791.0 -7% - - 19.3 -4% 1.2 BTS n LV - 96 n/a - - - - 11.7 n/a 3 480.0 n/a - - n/a n/a n/a Bulmarket p BG - 80 n/a - - - - 0.5 n/a 123.0 n/a 0.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a ČD CZ - 23 644 5% 171.5 1% 7 380.0 3% 65.5 -1% 11 282.0 2% - - 1 231.5 2% 305.0 CFL LU 275 3 230 1% 22.5 0% 417.3 -1% - - - - 8.0 -4% n/a n/a n/a CFL cargo LU - 663 3% - - - - 6.9 0% 1 137.0 -2% - - n/a n/a n/a CFM MD 1 151 8 459 -8% 2.3 -30% 121.5 -33% 3.5 -17% 793.0 -17% 2.2 -17% 48.6 -13% 1.6 CFR RO 10 766 23 427 8% ------87.8 1% 239.0 0% 165.2 CFR Călători RO - 12 733 0% 53.0 -4% 4 460.0 -3% ------412.3 -4% 71.5 CFR Marfă RO - 6 250 -1% - - - - 24.5 -12% 5 017.2 -2% - - 151.0 -13% -27.1 CP PT - 2 708 1% 114.8 3% 3 802.8 5% ------239.2 -1% 344.0 DB DE 33 380 306 368 3% 2 365.0 5% 91 651.0 3% 277.4 -8% 94 698.0 -4% 1 068.0 1% 40 576.0 0% 4 797.0 DSB DK - 7 285 -2% 192.6 0% 5 884.0 -2% ------1 645.1 0% -228.9 Eurostar GB (UK) - 1 679 -1% 10.0 -4% 4 598.1 -4% ------1 006.0 -14% n/a EVR o EE 794 821 n/a ------6.5 n/a n/a n/a n/a FS Italiane IT 16 788 69 056 0% n/a n/a 38 416.0 -2% n/a n/a 11 903.0 0% 349.7 3% 8 928.0 4% 2 293.0 GFR n RO 61.3 2 446 n/a - - - - 15.5 n/a 3 831.0 n/a 0.01 5% n/a n/a n/a GR n GE 1 576 n/a n/a 2.4 n/a 465.0 n/a 14.1 n/a 4 261 n/a 6.4 n/a n/a n/a n/a GySEV HU/AT 509 1 887 0% 7.1 0% 308.1 3% 6.1 -9% 787.1 3% 7.2 1% n/a n/a n/a HSH AL 424 q 1 334 q n/a 0.4 q n/a 15.9 q n/a 0.1 q n/a 15.3 q n/a 0.8 q n/a n/a n/a n/a HUNGRAIL HU - 2 q n/a - - - - n/a n/a 0.6 q n/a - - n/a n/a n/a HŽ Cargo HR - 1 915 -8% - - - - 8.5 -14% 1 870.5 -14% - - 68.9 -17% 1.9 HŽ Infrastruktura HR 2 605 4 918 -2% ------20.8 2% 158.3 -10% 10.0 HŽPP HR - 1 861 0% 20.7 -5% 836.3 -12% ------108.3 -7% 18.1 IÉ IE 2 400 3 806 0% 42.8 8% 1 990.0 4% 0.6 7% 259.8 5% 18.4 0% 467.7 5% 25.4 ISR r Israel 1 340 3 300 3% 59.5 13% 2 645 1% 9.2 23% 1 404.0 22% 16.0 9% n/a n/a n/a JR East Japan 7 458 58 550 -1% 6 218.0 0% 130 068.0 -1% ------152.8 11% n/a LDZ LV 1 860 11 782 -4% 0.2 -17% 40.2 -18% 47.8 -14% 11 838.0 -9% 16.5 -1% 388.1 -15% 78.9 LG LT 1 911 9 916 -3% 4.4 5% 446.0 24% 47.7 -1% 13 790.0 -2% 14.5 2% 407.7 -7% 122.4

Chapter 4 - CER governance 43 CER Annual Report 2017

CER Member a, b, c, d, e Country Length of Staff number Passengers carried Passenger-kilometres Freight tonnes Freight Train-kilometres Turnover EBITDA g lines carried tonne-kilometres (IM only)f in km FTE d Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions Δ% millions € Δ% millions € 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 15/16 LINEAS BE - 1 847 -1% - - - - 31.1 6% 5 108.5 4% - - 388.3 0% 25.1 MÁV HU 7 243 35 934 -1% 110.9 2% 5 391.0 1% - - - - 100.0 -1% 1 408.1 -2% 309.3 Montecargo n ME - 200 -2% - - - - n/a n/a 111.0 n/a - - n/a n/a n/a MŽ Infrastructure r MK 683 1 150 -7% ------2.3 n -92% n/a n/a n/a MŽ Transport MK - 1 066 -7% 0.6 -40% 82.9 -53% 1.4 -13% 222.0 -20% - - n/a n/a n/a NRIC BG 4 029 11 490 -1% ------29.4 -1% 177.4 2% -16.9 NS k NL - 19 886 12% 394.6 4% 17 676.3 5% ------3 172.0 10% 615.0 NSB NO - 10 447 0% 67.6 1% 3 331.0 4% ------1 568.4 -1% 159.1 ÖBB m AT 4 865 41 054 1% 460.8 0% 10 159.4 4% 109.0 0% 30 265.8 4% 146.1 0% 5 246.8 0% 1 779.1 OSE EL 2 240 r 1 310 r -6% ------10.8 n n/a n/a n/a n/a PKP PL 18 429 49 456,0 -26% 38.5 24% 9 466.0 23% n/a n.a 26 836.0 -7% n/a n/a 540.0 -80% 107.9 Rail Polska n PL 28 329 -5% - - - - 3.1 7% 826.0 -5% 1.2 -9% n/a n/a n/a RDG GB (UK) - n/a n/a 1 772.6 3% 68 000.0 2% ------n/a n/a n/a Regiotrans RO - 672,0 -1% 5.9 -5% 271.9 -7% ------38.5 0% 0.8 RENFE Operadora ES - 13 955 -2% 471.4 1% 25 291.1 2% 18.2 -13% 6 651.1 -6% - - 3 228.2 -1% 466.8 SBB CFF FFS CH 3 230 33 119 0% 448.7 4% 18 299.7 2% 48.9 8% 8 719.8 7% 183.7 2% 8 244.1 0% 2 218.4 SLB q AT - 138 n/a 4.7 n/a 58.0 n/a 2.5 n/a 225.0 n/a - - n/a n/a n/a SNCB/NMBS BE - 18 178 -6% 230.0 -1% 10 025.4 -3% ------2 189.2 -4% 33.4 SNCF FR 28 364 260 000 0% 1 207.4 2% 83 255.9 -2% 44.1 -12% 18 088.4 -9% 473.3 -6% 32 300.0 3% 4 100.0 SŽ SI 1 209 7 547 -5% 14.0 -4% 680.1 -4% 16.9 2% 3 962.6 3% 19.8 8% 501.9 -14% 60.6 SŽDC CZ 9 463 17 325 0% ------163.4 2% 155.6 -2% 62.1 TCDD TR 10 131,0 22 870 -5% 89.0 -7% 4 325.0 -10% 25.9 0% 11 661.0 11% 42.0 2% 284.2 -5% -749.6 TFG RO - 135 q n/a - - - - 0.7 q n/a 319.0 q n/a - - n/a n/a n/a Thalys BE - n/a n/a 6.7 -2% 2 410.0 q n/a ------457.4 -6% n/a TRAINOSE EL - 1 532 o n/a 15.3 o n/a 958.0 p n/a 3.2 o n/a 352.0 o n/a - - n/a n/a n/a Trasse Schweiz h CH - 10 0% ------197.6 2% 2.0 -7% -0.021 UZ n UA 20 975 293 685 n/a 436.1 n/a 37 577.0 n/a 350.0 n/a 195 054.0 n/a 200.3 n/a n/a n/a n/a VDV DE 38 466 n 145 340 o 0% 2 325.0 n 0% 84 200.0 n 0% 582.0 n -2% 101 200.0 n -3% n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a VPE j HU - 34 0% ------107.2 -1% 2.1 -1% 0.4 VR Group FI - 6 124 -1% 82.1 i 8% 3 868.0 i -6% 36.1 8% 9 445.0 12% - - 836.9 -5% 158.0 WKO AT 475 n/a n/a 23.0 0% 180.0 0% 3.0 0% 390.0 0% - - n/a n/a n/a ŽFBH BA 601 3 408 -4% 0.3 0% 12.9 -39% 8.9 1% 768.2 -10% 2.5 3% 54.6 -6% 3.2 ŽICG ME 249 q 812 q n/a ------0.6 q n/a n/a n/a n/a

44 Chapter 4 - CER governance CER Annual Report 2017

- Not applicable n/a Not available

a MRCE (NL), a rolling stock leasing company, is a partner member of CER. Since it not a rail company it cannot be listed in the table. b Eurail (NL), a general sales organisation for Rail Passes, is a member of CER. Since it is not a railway company it cannot be listed in the table. c High Speed 2 (HS2) (UK) is a member of CER but is not listed in the table since operations have not yet begun. d RB Rail AS is a partner member of CER. Established as a joint venture, RB Rail AS acts as the main coordinator of the Rail Baltica project, a rail infrastructure project inking the Baltic States to the European rail network with a standard gauge rail line. Since it is not a railway company it cannot be listed in the table. e ŽS (Serbian Railways JSC) is a member of CER. The company was created on 10 August 2015 along with three other joint stock companies. ŽS is not listed in the table because it does not operate rail traffic or manage rail infrastructure. ŽS provides engineering and technical consulting, as well as information technology services, carries out accounting and bookkeeping activities, and manages real estate. f Train-path kilometres from the point of view of the infrastructure manager. g Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortisation h Trasse Schweiz is an independent path allocation body. The mentioned ‘train kilometres’ are the path-kilometres allocated in 2016. Trasse Schweiz is a not-for-profit organisation. i The 2016 passenger figures for VR Group are not entirely comparable to the 2015 values due to a change in the statistical system. j VPE is a train path allocation body. As such, it allocates train paths and constructs the timetable, but is not responsible for the operation and maintenance of the infrastructure. k 2016 and 2015 numbers are not comparable as there has been a change in how these figures are recorded. Also, high-speed traffic is included in 2016 but not in 2015. l Due to restructuring in 2015, the data for 2016 is not comparable to that of the previous year, which only covers the period 10.08.2015 to 31.12.2015. Infrastructure of Serbian Railways JSC has been operating as an independent joint stock company since 10 August 2015. m The information provided for passengers, freight, turnover and EBITDA refers to the entire ÖBB Group (i.e. includes bus and freight transport on the road). n 2015 data o 2014 data p 2013 data q 2012 data r UIC data

Chapter 4 - CER governance 45

Publisher: Community of European Railway and Infrastructure Companies (CER) Avenue des Arts 53, 1000 Brussels - Belgium - www.cer.be

Design and production: www.inextremis.be (mp5657) Photos: Kindly provided by CER members and Fotolia.com Printed in Belgium in January 2018

Disclaimer: CER, nor any person acting on its behalf, may be held responsible for the use to which information contained in this © RDG, Jack Boskett © MAV, Pete Gábor publication may be put, nor for any errors which may appear despite careful preparation and checking. Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged.

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