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Udvandringen Fra Norden Udvandringen fra Danmark og Norden 1850-1914 Og fra Færøerne? Seglloftið á Tvøroyri, Færøerne, torsdag den 27. oktober 2016, kl. 19:30-21:30 Norrøna Felagið, Tvøroyrir Fornminnisfelag v. mag.art. Henning Bender 1974-2008 Stadsarkivar, Aalborg Stadsarkiv. 1989-2008 Leder af Det danske Udvandrerarkiv, NU: Kirsebærhaven 3, Snogebæk, 3730 Nexø – [email protected] http://henningbender.dk Det danske Udvandrerarkiv Arkivstræde 1, boks 1353, 9100 Aalborg [email protected] Telefon, 9931 4220; Åbningstider mandag-onsdag 10-16, torsdag 10-17, fredag 10-15 1931-1956 Sv.Waendelin 1957-1964 Tyge Lassen 1964-1976 Holger Bladt 1976-1983 Inger Bladt Max 1984-1988 Helle Otte www.udvandrerarkivet.dk Henius 1989-2008 Henning Bender 1859- 2008- Jens Topholm 1935 Stor samling Breve afleveret til Udvandrerarkivet i Aalborg i 1939 af pastor Karl Grøn i Kivik fra danske udvandrere i Tandil, Argentina; Denver, Colorado,, USA; Danskere i fremmedlegionen i Algier og Indokina, fra Austarlien og New Zealand. ”Men saadan noget som en Færøsk Præsts Dagbog fra de senere Aar, ligger vist udenfor Deres Interesse” Det gjorde det! I ”Forholdene paa Færøerne” omkring 1890 og lovgivningen herom Her Viborg Stifts Tidende 7. juni 1887 ”Man kan ikke undres over at Tanken om Udvandring under denne Sagernes Stilling har greben mange Færingers Sind. Det er imidlertid hidtil ikke komme saa vidt, hvortil den Omstændighed bidrager, at Fæ- ringerne i høj Grad elske den Øgruppe, der Er deres mere snævre Fædreland. Der skal meget til førend de beslutte sig til at Udvandre. Heldigvis er deres Antal saa ringe, at det vil være muligt for Kongeriget At gjøre Noget for dem paa en virksom Maade. De staa lettere at hjælpe end Is- lænderen og de ville uden Tvivl ogsaa blive hjulpne med større og mere alminde- lig Beredvillighed, siden Færingerne ere en Elskværdig Folkestamme, der til alle Tider og i langt højere Grad end Islænderne, have forstaaet at vinde og vedligeholde sym- pathier hos de danske Stamfæller i Konge- riget.” Enslydende love om tilsyn med udvandreres befordring vedtoges for Danmark 1. maj 1868; for Island 14. januar 1876; for Færøerne 30. marts 1895 http://aemi.eu/ Arkivet/museet Indsamler, registrerer og formidler materiale der belyser migrationen til og fra Ålandsøerne. Formålet er at fremme migrationsforsk- ningen og at fungere som et bindeled mellem Ålændinge over hele verden Ålandsøerne , Autonom (Finland) 28.000 indbyggere 1974 1986 1932 http://www.migrationinstitute.fi/sv/ www.emigrationscenter.com 1985 www.udvandrerarkivet.dk 1996 www.emigrantmuseum.no http://hofsos.is/ 1965 1992 www.kulturparkensmaland.se/ www. eminst.fi USA FØR 1848 Sejlbare floder, kanaler og søer 1850 FT1850 – 1.893 FT1860 - 9.173 FT1870 - 30.450 1111 Oregon Trail danskfødte i Mormon Trail USA California Trail 48 1850’erne 57 644 guldgravere til California Californien Guldgravere og mormoner Danske: til Utah. 1850: 91 1852: 301 1860: 1.257 Svenske 1850: 170 1852. 669 256 1860: 1.354 Danskfødte i Wisconsin 1890: 13.885 http://mapserver.lib.virginia.edu WEST DENMARK 1870 Polk: 844 Brown: 819 DENMARK Waupaca: 962 1848 Winnebago: 1.210 HARTLAND 1847 Racine: 2.893 Billetter 1868-1910 Danmark 14.301 Baptister m.fl. Gruppeudvandring 1853 ff 3-mastede bark Jenny Pitts Ab Göteborg april 1853 Ankomst New York 25. juni 1853 Frederik Olaus Nilsson 1809-1881 Svensk baptistleder 1848-1851 Baptistleder i København 1851-1853 Nordiske Baptistkirker i I USA FællesskandinaviskMormon-udvandring 1852-1914 Kirkerådets hus – mødet 6. oktober 1849 John F. Forsgren, Peter Olsen Hansen, f. Gävle 1816, d. Utah 1890 f. Kbhvn 1818 d. Utah1895 Leder af første mormonkompagni Første ikke-engelske udgave fra Danmark , 1852-1853 af Mormons bog (Kbhv. 1851 1. Kirkebog Vestmannaøerne, afgang, 1854 Samuel Bjarnarson 2. København, Mormonemigranter fra hele Norden 1852-1895 Født Vestmannaøerne 1823 3. Hamburg passagerlister 1850-1930 Død Spanish Fork, Utah 1890 4. Liverpool rejselister for alle europæiske mormoner 1855-1925 Ankomst Utah efteråret 1855 5. Ankomstlister USA New York, Boston, Baltimore, , Philadelphia, New Orleans 1820-1960 Mississippi, Missouri – vogntog til Utah 1847-1868 lister, dagbøger, beretninger 6. Skandinaviske ankomster til Utah 1853-1900 7. Folketællinger USA 1850, 1860, 1870, 1880, 1900, 1910, 1920, 1930, 1940 8. Gældslister 1852-1877 (Persons indebted to the P. E. Fund) 9. 132 millioner gravstene SE SAMLET OVERSIGT: http://henningbender.dk/bibliografi # 86 – ALE 4, 2015 s. 6-7, + noter 410 islandske mormoudvandrere se: Fred Woods, “Icelandic Immigrants to Utah,” in Fire on Ice: The Story of Icelandic Latter-day Saints at Home and Abroad, Provo, Utah 2005 samt særligt: VESTURFARASKRA 14.268 Islandske udvandrere1870-1914 ed. Junius H. Kristinsson (Reykjavik 1983) u.d. 1854 – registrerede som mormoner i kirkebog, Vestmannaøerne – rejser til København. 16.10. 1854 De 4 første fra Island ankomst København, men registreret som danske……………………………………..4 24.11. 1854 afgang København ”Cimbria ”.. .…………........304 (København 94; Skåne 89; Bornholm 7; Lolland 37; Fredericia 77; Island 4) 26.11 1854 afgang Frederikshavn ”Cimbria”…………….…. 463 (61 nordmænd, 98 Nordjyder) 24.12. 1854 ankomst Hull 07.01. 1855 afgang Liverpool ”James Nesmith”…………….448 14.03. 1855 Ankomst New Orleans (tyfus) …………………..427 25.03. 1855 Fra New Orleans på ”Ben Campbell”……… ..413 10.04. 1855 ankomst St.Louis (kolera) ……………………….364 13.06 1855 afgang fra Omaha………………………..…......273 10.08 1855 Passerer fort Laramie, Wyoming………...……..260 30.09 1855 ankomst Salt Lake City…………………………..253 Oktober1855 fordelt på Ephraim, Sanpete County og Spanish Fork, Utah County ………….242 Mormonudvandrimg til Utah 1852- 1894 via København Danmark: 17.300 Sverige: 10.000 Norge: 6.000 Island: 400 Finland: 100 Færøerne: ? I ALT 33.800 Utah County Sanpete Countyy 1852-1872 Afgik o. 200 Mormonskibe fra Liverpool Fra 1868 kun dampskibe William Tapscott, 1525 tons, ”James Nesmith” 1852 i Bath, Maine, USA 991 tons, Thomastown, 1850 I Maine, USA, Forest Monarch, 977 tons, 1850 i Quebec, Canada SS Minnesota, 1950 tons, 1867, Newcastle, England SS Manhattan, 2869 tons, 1866 Newcastle, England Udvandring til USA 1820-1931 i forhold til befolkningen år 1900 1 Irland 102 % 2 Norge 36 % 3 Sverige 24 % 4 Danmark 16 % 5 Italien 14 % 6 Grækenland 12 % 7 UK (-Irland) 11 % 8 Tyskland 10 % 9 Østrig-Ungarn 9 % 10 Schweiz 9 % 11 Holland 5 % 12 Portugal 5 % 13 Rusland 3 % 14 Rumænien 2 % 15 Belgien 2 % SS OTTAWA forlader Københavns havn for New York som det første udvandrerdampskib 154 Betalende: Fra København 97 danske 15 svenske Fra Göteborg 22 svenske Fra Oslo: 20 nordmænd På ”kridt”: 227 nordmænd Kalkuleret med 700 betalende passagerer 15. August 1866 – 6. september 1866 § 13 Kontrakten, som skal være affattet i det danske Sprog og forsynet med Engelsk oversættelse, skal, tillige med en Genpart af agenten afleveres til Landfogeden eller vedkommende Sysselmand, som efter at have forvisset sig om, at Kontrakten fyldestgør de i denne paragraf indeholdte Bestemmelser, tilstiller Udvandreren Originalen, forsynet med sin Paategning. a) Udvandrerens fulde navn, alder, hidtilværende opholds- sted og livsstilling. b) Om rejsevej, rejsemidler pog befordring til havn hvorfra den oversøiske rejse foretages. Om kost, dæksplads eller under dæk, ophold og underhold, c) Rederi, skibsnavn, kostpris eller inkluderet, Bagagepris Ved direkte transport fra Færøerne til Storbritannien hvor eller inkluderet. Ankomsthavn ikke er den samme som afsejlingshavn til fremmed d) Viderebefording i tilfælde af verdensdel skal kontrakten forpligte til transit med jernbane senest ulykke. 12 timer efter ankomst www.udvandrerarkivet.dk Bestemmelsessteder USA 352.148 New York 152.782 Illinois 46.847 Minnesota 22.371 Iowa 18.708 Wisconsin 16.869 Massachusetts 15.358 Canada 10.240 Australien 4.539 Argentina 4.402 New Zealand 2.816 Sydafrika 1.752 Brasilien 1.706 Indien 111 Kina 104 Thailand 87 Japan 78 www.udvandrerarkivet.dk I alt 383.571 Sidste faste bopæl i Europa: Danmark 232.452 Sverige 81.992 Rusland 8.164 Slesvig 7.050 Tyskland 2.402 Finland 2.020 Norge 908 Island 73 Færøerne 12 Sidste faste bopæl uden for Europa USA 47.380 Australien 214 Argentina 213 Canada 161 Syd Afrika 95 Brasilien 45 New Zealand 40 AMT Befolkning Udvan- % 1890 drere 1868-1910 Bornholm 38.765 6.868 18 Hjørring 110.603 17.596 16 Maribo 100.330 15.591 16 Aalborg 104.801 15.931 15 Vejle 111.904 14.765 13 Thisted 69.407 8.760 13 Præstø 100.647 11.775 12 Århus 157.204 18.048 12 Svendborg 120.207 12.783 11 Ribe 76.611 8.327 10 København 527.962 52.362 10 Sorø 89.042 8.070 9 Odense 136.120 11.117 8 Holbæk 94.226 7.104 8 > 14 % Sønderjylland/ Nordslesvig Randers 110.453 6.893 6 11 – 14 % 25-30 % Ringkøbing 98.623 4.664 5 7- 10 % Frederiksborg 84.689 3.638 5 Viborg 100.783 3.894 4 < 7% DANMARK 2.235.097 227.295 10 . København Nordjylland Danmark New York 36 % New York 33 % New York 40 % Iowa 13 % Illinois 13 % Illinois 12 % Wisconsin 12 % Iowa 12 % Iowa 7 % Illinois 9 % Wisconsin 8 % Wisconsin 7 % South Dakota 7 % Nebraska 6 % Minnesota 6 % Nebraska 1 % Minnesota 5 % Nebraska 5 % Michigan 1 % Michigan 1 % Michigan 3 % New York Hull, Liverpool, New York Vigtigste udvandringshavne og jernbaner Direkte udvandring i Sverige, Norge, Indirekte udvandring Danmark og Finland 1880’erne Hull, USA, Sydamerika, Australien, New Zealand Amerikakajen Generalagenter og hoteller Kvæsthusbroen DFDS Skibe fra Jylland, Færøerne, Island , Sverige, Norge, Finland, Digitale Danmark Udvandrerarkivalier udvandrerarkivet.dk (Gratis) Norge mormonmigration.lib.byu.edu (Gratis)
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