DOCSLIB.ORG

RESEARCH PAPER Carbon Sequestration Potential Of

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
RESEARCH PAPER Carbon Sequestration Potential Of NeBIO An international journal of environment and biodiversity Vol. 8, No. 3, September 2017, 197-200 ISSN 2278-2281(Online Version) ☼ www.nebio.in RESEARCH PAPER Carbon Sequestration Potential of phanerophytes used for environmental optimization to mitigate climate change Sharmistha Ganguly1*, Moumita Das2 & Ambarish Mukherjee3 1Central National Herbarium, Botanical Survey of India. 2,3UGC Centre for Advanced Study (Phase II), Department of Botany, University of Burdwan, India. ABSTRACT Global warming is amongst the most dreaded problems of the new millennium. Carbon emission is supposedly the strongest causal factor for global warming. Trees are amongst the most significant elements of any landscape, both due to biomass and diversity. Not only this, but also are important sinks for atmospheric carbon i.e. carbon dioxide, since 50% of their standing biomass is carbon itself. So, the present study works out the natural carbon reservoir potential of nine tree species selected from those growing in the greeneries of Golapbag campus of Burdwan University and were evaluated by non- destructive method. Carbon sequestration is a mechanism for removal of carbon from the atmosphere fallen victim to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO ) and other "greenhouse" 2 gases. All the selected species, although not dominating in the campus, were found to have good carbon storage potential. The highest value of carbon sequestration was seen in case of Manilkara hexandra (6678.84 g) and the lowest in Acacia auriculiformis (13.15 g). Thus, the Carbon sequestration values of all the species lying within this range indicate them to be gradationally ideal for planting in highly polluted areas for landscape designing and environmental optimization, thereby, showing a judicious use in aesthetic rejuvenation. KEYWORDS: Global warming, carbon sequestration potential, landscape designing, environmental optimization, aesthetic rejuvenation Received 11 August 2017, Accepted 20 September 2017 I *Corresponding Author: [email protected] Introduction Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system Study Site is warming (Hartmann et al 2013). It is extremely likely that Golapbag the once royal garden of the Maharaja of Barddhaman human influence has been the dominant cause of the observed (Burdwan), is the academic campus of Burdwan University (Fig. 1) warming since the mid-20th century (IPCC, Climate Change 2013). located at 23.25 °N and 87.85 °E with an average elevation of 37 The climate system can spontaneously generate changes in global meters (131 ft) above the mean sea level It is a little less than 100 temperature for years to decades at a time but long-term changes km north-west of Kolkata. With nearly 1200 trees, 154 rare in global temperature require external forcings. These forcings are centuries’ old mahogany trees included, the historic Golapbag has "external" to the climate system but not necessarily external to been recently declared by the Botanical Survey of India as the Bio- Earth (Center for Climate and Energy Solutions, 2006, Brown et al diversity Heritage site. A number of factors such as variation in 2015). Possible societal responses to global warming include microhabitats, so much of land open to plantation, ornamentation mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, and botanical studies, plenty of water bodies, diversity of building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future microhabitats in the campus have led to the assemblage of climate engineering. Carbon sequestration involves long-term variable plant species. storage of carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to mitigate or defer global warming (Sedjo & Sohngen, 2012). It has been Methodology proposed as a way to slow the atmospheric and marine Among the dominating species of the study site as many as nine accumulation of greenhouse gases, which are released by burning species were selected and the girth of each was measured fossil fuels (Hodrien, 2008). Carbon sequestration potential of a conventionally at the breast height (GBH) i.e. near about 1.32m plant is also one of the parameters essential for its selection in above ground surface. Tree diameter (D) was calculated by green belt development. The significant role of biomass of the dividing π (22/7) by the actual marked girth of species (Bohre et tree species in carbon sequestration had long been recognized, al, 2012) i.e. GBH x (7/22). Biomass of the listed phanerophytes and many attempts have been made to estimate the biomass was calculated by simply applying bio-statistics based on production of forests and their contribution for sequestration of allometric equations. Above ground Biomass i.e. AGB were carbon using non harvest techniques (Das et al, 2017). measured by multiplying the bio-volume to the green wood © 2017. NECEER, Imphal. All rights reserved RESEARCH PAPER Ganguly et al » Carbon Sequestration Potential of phanerophytes used for environmental optimization to mitigate climate change » NeBIO 8(3): 187-190 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- density of tree species. Tree bio-volume (TBV) value was Total biomass is the sum of the above and below ground biomass established by multiplication of square of diameter with height of (Sheikh Mehraj et al, 2011). phanerophytes to factor 0.4. Bio-volume (T) = 0.4 X D x H Total Biomass (TB) =Above Ground Biomass + Below Ground Biomass. AGB=Wood density x T Carbon Estimation Generally, for any plant species 50% of its where, D is calculated from GBH, assuming the trunk to be biomass is considered as carbon (Pearson et al, 2005) i.e. cylindrical, H = Height in meter. Height is measured with the help Carbon Storage/ Carbon sequestration potential = Biomass /2 of the instrument Theodolite. Wood density is used from Global wood density database (Zanne et al, 2009). The standard average On the basis of the Plants height Phanerophytes were categorized density of 0.6 gm/ cm3 was applied wherever the density value as follows (Table1): was not available for tree species. The below ground biomass was calculated by multiplying the above ground biomass (AGB) by Mega- phanerophytes: - Over 30 meter high 0.26 factors as the root: shoot ratio (Hangarge et al, 2012). Meso- phanerophytes:-8-30 meter high BGB =AGB x 0.26 Micro- phanerophytes:-2-8 meter high Nano- phanerophytes: - Under 2 meter Table1. Showing tree species with their family, common name and types of phanerophyte. Sl. no Scientific name Family Common name Types of phanerophytes 1. Acacia auriculiformis Benth Fabaceae Akashmoni Micro- phanerophyte 2. Averrhoa carambola L. Oxalidaceae Kamranga Micro- phanerophyte 3. Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss Phyllanthaceae Geio Meso- phanerophyte 4. Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. Ulmaceae Nata karanja Meso- phanerophyte 5. Kleinhovia hospita L. Malvaceae Bola Meso- phanerophyte 6. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. Lauraceae Rattan Meso- phanerophyte 7. Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre Magnoliaceae Champa Meso- phanerophyte 8. Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard Sapotaceae Khrikiyur Meso- phanerophyte 9. Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Rubiaceae Kadam Meso- phanerophyte Figure 1. Showing the map of the study site. 188 NeBIO I ISSN 2278-2281(Online Version) I www.nebio.in RESEARCH PAPER Ganguly et al » Carbon Sequestration Potential of phanerophytes used for environmental optimization to mitigate climate change » NeBIO 8(3): 187-190 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 2. Showing the Carbon Storage/ Carbon Sequestration Potential of different phanerophytes. Carbon GBH Diameter Height TBV AGB BGB Name of plant TB (Kg) Storage (in meter) (in meter) (in meter) (m3) (Kg) (Kg) (Gram) Acacia auriculiformis Benth. 0.32 0.1018 8.4 0.0348 0.02088 0.0054288 0.0263088 13.15 Averrhoa carambola L. 0.60 0.1909 8 0.1166 0.06996 0.0181896 0.0881496 44.07 Bridelia retusa (L.) A.Juss. 1.55 0.4931 15.2 1.4783 0.88698 0.2306148 1.1175948 558.79 Holoptelea integrifolia Planch. 2.04 0.649 14.9 2.4429 1.46574 0.3810924 1.8468324 923.41 Kleinhovia hospita L. 2.02 0.6427 10 1.6522 0.99132 0.2577432 1.2490632 624.53 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. 1.06 0.3372 14.9 0.6776 0.40656 0.1057056 0.5122656 256.13 Magnolia champaca (L.) Baill. Ex Pierre 1.08 0.3436 18 0.85 0.51 0.1326 0.6426 321.3 Manilkara hexandra (Roxb.) Dubard 4.91 1.5622 18.1 17.6689 10.60134 2.7563484 13.3576884 6678.84 Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser 0.98 0.3118 13.3 0.5172 0.31032 0.0806832 0.3910032 195.5 Result & Discussion greenery of the campus thus generating aesthetic pleasure. Many The carbon sequestration potential of 5 individual trees belonging of them have proved them to be useful in monitoring and to each of six different genera was determined of which scavenging air pollution (Ghosh & Mukherjee, 2003). Manilkara hexandra has registered the highest (6678.84gm) and Acacia auriculiformis the lowest values (13.15 gm). Carbon Acknowledgment sequestration values of other species were 44.07, 558.79, 923.41, The authors are thankful to the Head, Department of Botany for 624.53, 256.13, 321.3 and 195.5 grams incase of Averrhoa providing all facilities and inspiring cooperation. Sincere gratitude
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CHAPTER 2 REVIEW of the LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa And
    CHAPTER 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 2.1 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.11 Taxa and Classification of Acalypha indica Linn. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Euphorbiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Subfamily : Acalyphoideae Genus : Acalypha Species : Acalypha indica Linn. (Saha and Ahmed, 2011) Plant Synonyms: Acalypha ciliata Wall., A. canescens Wall., A. spicata Forsk. (35) Common names: Brennkraut (German), alcalifa (Brazil) and Ricinela (Spanish) (36). 9 2.12 Taxa and Classification of Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Kingdom : Plantae Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Bridelia Species : Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. Plant Synonyms: Bridelia airy-shawii Li. Common names: Ekdania (37,38). 2.13 Taxa and Classification of Cleidion javanicum BL. Kingdom : Plantae Subkingdom : Tracheobionta Superdivision : Spermatophyta Division : Magnoliophyta Class : Magnoliopsida Subclass : Magnoliopsida Order : Malpighiales Family : Euphorbiaceae Genus : Cleidion Species : Cleidion javanicum BL. Plant Synonyms: Acalypha spiciflora Burm. f. , Lasiostylis salicifolia Presl. Cleidion spiciflorum (Burm.f.) Merr. Common names: Malayalam and Yellari (39). 10 2.2 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn., Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss. and Cleidion javanicum BL. 2.2.1 Review of chemical composition and bioactivities of Acalypha indica Linn. Acalypha indica
    [Show full text]
  • Download 3578.Pdf
    z Available online at http://www.journalajst.com INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CURRENT RESEARCH International Journal of Current Research Vol. 5, Issue, 06, pp.1599-1602, June, 2013 ISSN: 0975-833X RESEARCH ARTICLE PHARMACOGNOSTIC EVALUATION OF Bridelia retusa SPRENG. Ranjan, R. and *Deokule, S. S. Department of Botany, University of Pune, Pune-411007 (M.S) India ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: Bridelia retusa Spreng belong to family Euphorbiaceae and is being used in the indigenous systems of medicine for the treatment of rheumatism and also used as astringent. The drug part used is the grayish brown roots of this Received 12th March, 2013 plant. The species is also well known in ayurvedic medicine for kidney stone. The present paper reveals the Received in revised form botanical standardization on the root of B.retusa. The Pharmacognostic studies include macroscopic, microscopic 11th April, 2013 characters, histochemistry and phytochemistry. The phytochemical and histochemical test includes starch, protein, Accepted 13rd May, 2013 saponin, sugar, tannins, glycosides and alkaloids. Percentage extractives, ash and acid insoluble ash, fluorescence Published online 15th June, 2013 analysis and HPTLC. Key words: Bridelia retusa, Pharmacognostic standardization, Phytochemical analysis, HPTLC. Copyright, IJCR, 2013, Academic Journals. All rights reserved. INTRODUCTION Microscopic and Macroscopic evaluation Thin (25μ) hand cut sections were taken from the fresh roots, Bridelia retusa Spreng. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae is permanent double stained and finally mounted in Canada balsam as distributed in India, Srilanka, Myanmar, Thailand, Indochina, Malay per the plant micro techniques method of (Johansen, 1940).The Peninsula and Sumatra ( Anonymous, 1992) The plant body is erect macroscopic evaluation was studied by the following method of and a large deciduous tree.
    [Show full text]
  • Behavior and Ecology 0 the Asiatic Elephant in Southeastern Ceylon A
    GEORGE M. McKA Behavior and Ecology 0 the Asiatic Elephant in Southeastern Ceylon A SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 125 SERIAL PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION The emphasis upon publications as a means of diffusing knowledge was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. In his formal plan for the Insti- tution, Joseph Henry articulated a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge.'* This keynote of basic research has been adhered to over the years in the issuance of thousands of titles in serial publications under the Smithsonian imprint, com- mencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Annals of Flight Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributiotis to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes original articles and monographs dealing with the research and collections of its several museums and offices and of profes- sional colleagues at other institutions of learning. These papers report newly acquired facts, synoptic interpretations of data, or original theory in specialized fields. These publications are distributed by subscription to libraries, laboratories, and other in- terested institutions and specialists throughout the world. Individual copies may be obtained from the Smithsonian Institution Press as long as stocks are available. S. DILLON RIPLEY Secretary Smithsonian Institution SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY NUMBER 125 George M.
    [Show full text]
  • Antimicrobial Activity of Bridelia Retusa Against Human Pathogenic Microorganisms
    International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research and Management, Special Issue 5, April 2019 www.ijasrm.com ISSN 2455-6378 Antimicrobial Activity of Bridelia retusa Against Human Pathogenic Microorganisms 1* 2 3 Ruchita Tripathi , Amit Tiwari and Annu Tiwari 1 Faculty, Department of Biotechnology, Govt T. R. S. College, Rewa (M. P.), India 2 Head, Department of Zoology & Biotechnology, Govt T. R. S. College, Rewa (M. P.), India 3 Research Scholar, Department of Biotechnology, A. P. S. University, Rewa (M. P.), India Abstract mixed forest, riverbanks, rocky places, up to 2000 m Bridelia retusa is one of the essential medicinal plant in South India, 600 m in central and Central-East have their extensive pharmacological properties. India, 1600 m on Himalayas and 1000 m in North Extracts of Bridelia retusa possess some phyto- East India. Found throughout the country excluding chemical components which can act against both Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Bridelia retusa is a bacteria and fungi. This situation has forced small or moderate sized deciduous tree up to 7 m in scientists to search new antimicrobial agents in height, armed with long conical thorns when young selected plants. This is a monoecious, deciduous and having dark brown bark. Exfoliation is irregular plant belonging to family Euphorbiaceae. By this flakes, lanceolate or ovate – lanceolate leaves, experiment we observed that hydro-methanolic flowers present in long axillary or terminal spikes extract is the most effective as compared to the and greenish yellow fruits1. extract of water. Antimicrobial studies of each Plant medicine is still the mainstay of about 75-80% extracts of Bridelia retusa are performed which of World population, mainly in the developing includes various disease causing pathogenic fungi.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytogeographical Implication of Bridelia Will. (Phyllanthaceae) Fossil Leaf from the Late Oligocene of India
    Phytogeographical Implication of Bridelia Will. (Phyllanthaceae) Fossil Leaf from the Late Oligocene of India Gaurav Srivastava*, R.C. Mehrotra Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, India Abstract Background: The family Phyllanthaceae has a predominantly pantropical distribution. Of its several genera, Bridelia Willd. is of a special interest because it has disjunct equally distributed species in Africa and tropical Asia i.e. 18–20 species in Africa- Madagascar (all endemic) and 18 species in tropical Asia (some shared with Australia). On the basis of molecular phylogenetic study on Bridelia, it has been suggested that the genus evolved in Southeast Asia around 3365 Ma, while speciation and migration to other parts of the world occurred at 1062 Ma. Fossil records of Bridelia are equally important to support the molecular phylogenetic studies and plate tectonic models. Results: We describe a new fossil leaf of Bridelia from the late Oligocene (Chattian, 28.4–23 Ma) sediments of Assam, India. The detailed venation pattern of the fossil suggests its affinities with the extant B. ovata, B. retusa and B. stipularis. Based on the present fossil evidence and the known fossil records of Bridelia from the Tertiary sediments of Nepal and India, we infer that the genus evolved in India during the late Oligocene (Chattian, 28.4–23 Ma) and speciation occurred during the Miocene. The stem lineage of the genus migrated to Africa via ‘‘Iranian route’’ and again speciosed in Africa-Madagascar during the late Neogene resulting in the emergence of African endemic clades. Similarly, the genus also migrated to Southeast Asia via Myanmar after the complete suturing of Indian and Eurasian plates.
    [Show full text]
  • Global Variation in the Thermal Tolerances of Plants
    Global variation in the thermal tolerances of plants Lesley T. Lancaster1* and Aelys M. Humphreys2,3 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (2020) 1 School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, United Kingdom. ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3135-4835 2Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. 3Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-6509 * Corresponding author: [email protected] Significance Statement Knowledge of how thermal tolerances are distributed across major clades and biogeographic regions is important for understanding biome formation and climate change responses. However, most research has concentrated on animals, and we lack equivalent knowledge for other organisms. Here we compile global data on heat and cold tolerances of plants, showing that many, but not all, broad-scale patterns known from animals are also true for plants. Importantly, failing to account simultaneously for influences of local environments, and evolutionary and biogeographic histories, can mislead conclusions about underlying drivers. Our study unravels how and why plant cold and heat tolerances vary globally, and highlights that all plants, particularly at mid-to-high latitudes and in their non-hardened state, are vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Abstract Thermal macrophysiology is an established research field that has led to well-described patterns in the global structuring of climate adaptation and risk. However, since it was developed primarily in animals we lack information on how general these patterns are across organisms. This is alarming if we are to understand how thermal tolerances are distributed globally, improve predictions of climate change, and mitigate effects.
    [Show full text]
  • Check List Lists of Species Check List 11(4): 1718, 22 August 2015 Doi: ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors
    11 4 1718 the journal of biodiversity data 22 August 2015 Check List LISTS OF SPECIES Check List 11(4): 1718, 22 August 2015 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/11.4.1718 ISSN 1809-127X © 2015 Check List and Authors Tree species of the Himalayan Terai region of Uttar Pradesh, India: a checklist Omesh Bajpai1, 2, Anoop Kumar1, Awadhesh Kumar Srivastava1, Arun Kumar Kushwaha1, Jitendra Pandey2 and Lal Babu Chaudhary1* 1 Plant Diversity, Systematics and Herbarium Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, 226 001, Lucknow, India 2 Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, 221 005, Varanasi, India * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: The study catalogues a sum of 278 tree species and management, the proper assessment of the diversity belonging to 185 genera and 57 families from the Terai of tree species are highly needed (Chaudhary et al. 2014). region of Uttar Pradesh. The family Fabaceae has been The information on phenology, uses, native origin, and found to exhibit the highest generic and species diversity vegetation type of the tree species provide more scope of with 23 genera and 44 species. The genus Ficus of Mora- such type of assessment study in the field of sustainable ceae has been observed the largest with 15 species. About management, conservation strategies and climate change 50% species exhibit deciduous nature in the forest. Out etc. In the present study, the Terai region of Uttar Pradesh of total species occurring in the region, about 63% are has been selected for the assessment of tree species as it native to India.
    [Show full text]
  • World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research S
    World Journal of Pharmaceutical ReseaRch S. Raja et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Volume 3, Issue 3, 4549-4572. Research Article ISSN 2277 – 7105 EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND CARDIOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITIES OF BRIDELIA RETUSA ON ISOPROTERENOL INDUCED MYOCARDIAL NECROSIS IN ALBINO RATS *Raja Sundararajan1, Gopikrishna Rakam2 and Ravindranadh Koduru1 1GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam- Andhra Pradesh, India- Pincode-530 045 2Chaitanya College of pharmacy education and research, Hanamkonda, Warangal- Andhra Pradesh, India-Pincode- 506001 ABSTRACT Article Received on 08 The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant and March 2014, protective myocardial necrosis effects of extracts of Bridelia retusa in Revised on 30 March 2014, Accepted on 23April 2014 isoproterenol induced rats. Different concentration of chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of Bridelia retusa (Euphorbiaceae) were investigated for in-vitro antioxidant activity by thiocyanate method. *Correspondence for Author The methanol extract of Bridelia retusa exhibited maximum inhibitory Dr. Raja Sundararajan activity of peroxidation, over the other organic extracts, which was GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, subjected to further in-vivo antioxidant and myocardial necrosis GITAM University, studies. Methanol extract of Bridelia retusa was administered to rats at Visakhapatnam- Andhra two different doses of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg for 90 days to Pradesh, India- 530 045 evaluate oxidative stress parameters like ferric reducing
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant Diversity in the Tribal Homegardens of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats
    Bioscience Discovery, 5(1):99-111, Jan. 2014 © RUT Printer and Publisher (http://jbsd.in) ISSN: 2229-3469 (Print); ISSN: 2231-024X (Online) Received: 07-10-2013, Revised: 11-12-2013, Accepted: 01-01-2014e Full Length Article Vascular Plant Diversity in the Tribal Homegardens of Kanyakumari Wildlife Sanctuary, Southern Western Ghats Mary Suba S, Ayun Vinuba A and Kingston C Department of Botany, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India - 629 003. [email protected] ABSTRACT We investigated the vascular plant species composition of homegardens maintained by the Kani tribe of Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary and encountered 368 plants belonging to 290 genera and 98 families, which included 118 tree species, 71 shrub species, 129 herb species, 45 climber and 5 twiners. The study reveals that these gardens provide medicine, timber, fuelwood and edibles for household consumption as well as for sale. We conclude that these homestead agroforestry system serve as habitat for many economically important plant species, harbour rich biodiversity and mimic the natural forests both in structural composition as well as ecological and economic functions. Key words: Homegardens, Kani tribe, Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary, Western Ghats. INTRODUCTION Homegardens are traditional agroforestry systems Jeeva, 2011, 2012; Brintha, 2012; Brintha et al., characterized by the complexity of their structure 2012; Arul et al., 2013; Domettila et al., 2013a,b). and multiple functions. Homegardens can be Keeping the above facts in view, the present work defined as ‘land use system involving deliberate intends to study the tribal homegardens of management of multipurpose trees and shrubs in Kanyakumari wildlife sanctuary, southern Western intimate association with annual and perennial Ghats.
    [Show full text]
  • FTIR Based Pharmacological Validation of Bridelia Retusa Somendra Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Motiram Sahu, Anil Kumar*
    Saudi Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Abbreviated Key Title: Saudi J Med Pharm Sci ISSN 2413-4929 (Print) |ISSN 2413-4910 (Online) Scholars Middle East Publishers, Dubai, United Arab Emirates Journal homepage: https://saudijournals.com/sjmps Original Research Article FTIR Based Pharmacological Validation of Bridelia retusa Somendra Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, Motiram Sahu, Anil Kumar* Department of Biotechnology, Govt. V.Y.T. PG. Autonomous College, Durg, Chhattisgarh, 491001, India DOI: 10.36348/sjmps.2020.v06i10.004 | Received: 09.10.2020 | Accepted: 24.10.2020 | Published: 29.10.2020 *Corresponding author: Anil Kumar Abstract Bridelia retusa commonly known as Khaja or Kasai in India, belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae, is a tropical small- sized tree found throughout warmer parts of India. Entire parts of Bridelia retusa has been traditionally used for healing of several ailments such as rheumatism, diabetes, diarrhea, dysentery, removal of urinary concretions, and the bark of the plant is used by tribal people to develop sterility as a contraceptive. The present investigation was planned to evaluate and explore potential bioactive phytocompounds in the bark, fruit, and leaf extract of Bridelia retusa using phytochemical profiling and an infra-red spectrophotometer. The phytochemical evaluation of bark, fruit, and leaf extracts of Bridelia retusa revealed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, tannins, and terpenoids in extracts. All seven phytocompounds were found in both aqueous leaf and methanolic bark extracts. Alkaloid was detected in all except for ethyl acetate extract. Cardiac glycosides were found in extracts of aqueous and petroleum ether. Steroid and terpenoids were detected from all aqueous and methanol extracts whereas saponin was found in all aqueous extracts.
    [Show full text]
  • Euphorbiaceae
    EUPHORBIACEAE 大戟科 da ji ke Li Bingtao (李秉滔 Li Ping-tao)1, Qiu Huaxing (丘华兴 Chiu Hua-hsing, Kiu Hua-shing, Kiu Hua-xing)2, Ma Jinshuang (马金双)3, Zhu Hua (朱华)4; Michael G. Gilbert5, Hans-Joachim Esser6, Stefan Dressler7, Petra Hoffmann8, Lynn J. Gillespie9, Maria Vorontsova10, Gordon D. McPherson11 Trees, shrubs, or herbs, rarely woody or herbaceous lianas, monoecious or dioecious, indumentum of simple, branched, stellate, or gland-tipped hairs, peltate or glandular scales or stinging hairs, latex often present, clear, white, or colored; roots woody, rarely roots tuberous and stems succulent, sometimes spiny. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled; stipules usually present, often free, sometimes modified into spines or glands, deciduous or persistent; petioles long to short, sometimes with glands at apex or base; leaf blade simple, sometimes palmately lobed, rarely compound, or reduced to scales, margins entire or toothed, sometimes with distinct glands along margin and/or on surface, venation pinnate or palmate. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, flowers in cymes or fascicles, these often arranged along an elongated axis, branched or unbranched, forming a thyrse, in congested heads, or in a flowerlike cyathium with very reduced flowers enclosed within a ± cupular involucre; bracts sometimes petaloid. Flowers unisexual, within same inflorescence or in separate inflorescences, actinomorphic. Sepals (1–)3–6(–8), free or connate into calyx tube, valvate or imbricate, rarely absent (Euphorbia). Petals free, often reduced or absent. Disk present or absent. Male flowers with disk intrastaminal or extrastaminal, entire to dissected. Stamens one to very many, hypogynous; filaments free or connate; anthers 2(–4)-locular, mostly dehiscing longitudinally, rarely transversely or by pores, introrse or extrorse; rudimentary ovary sometimes present.
    [Show full text]
  • Duodichogamy and Androdioecy in the Chinese Phyllanthaceae Bridelia Tomentosa1
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Access LMU American Journal of Botany 94(2): 260–265. 2007. DUODICHOGAMY AND ANDRODIOECY IN THE CHINESE PHYLLANTHACEAE BRIDELIA TOMENTOSA1 SHIXIAO LUO,2,3 DIANXIANG ZHANG,2,5 AND SUSANNE S. RENNER4 2South China Botanical Garden, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China; 3The Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, 100039, China; and 4Department of Biology, University of Munich, D-80638 Munich, Germany Flowering plants commonly separate male and female function in time, but rarely are the two stages synchronized within and among individuals. One such temporal mating system is duodichogamy in which each plant produces two batches of male flowers that are temporally separated by a batch of female flowers, with within-individual synchrony and among-individual asynchrony to ensure mating partners. Duodichogamy is known only from a few species in four genera in unrelated families. We report on duodichogamy in the Chinese tree species Bridelia tomentosa (Phyllanthaceae), a common colonizer of disturbed habitats. In three populations monitored over 2 yr, most trees flowered in the order male ! female ! male, and resting periods between flowering bouts precluded selfing almost completely. Individuals flowered for several weeks, with the onset of flowering slightly asynchronous among trees. Pollination was by flies, and experimental pollen supplementation of a subset of a tree’s flowers did not increase fruit set, suggesting high levels of insect visitation and possible resource limitation. Nineteen percent of the 166 trees monitored skipped the first male phase, and another 13% skipped the female phase, remaining male in both years (and also a third year).
    [Show full text]