Cook Inlet Region, Alaska

Tertiarv Plants from the Cook Inlet Region, Alaska

By JACK A. WOLFE

'TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B

Discussion floristic signzjcance and systematics of some fossil plants from the Chickaloon, Kenai, and Tsadaka Formations

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 55 cents (paper cover) CONTENTS

Abstract -__._--_.___-.-..------..--.....-.------Systematics__.___----.------.-

_.------Introduction _ _ . .- . . - -.-. -. - - - -.- -. - - - - - Chickaloon flora. ______- _- -- --

Floristic and ecologic interpretation- _ - _ _ - - -.- -.------Kenaiflora_--______.___-_------Chickaloon flora__^^______--__------. Salicaceae---______------Partial list of flora of the Chickaloon Formation- Juglandaceae______------Kenaiflora__--___--.------.------Betulaceae_._._._-_.------

Lower Kenai (Seldovian) flora-_--. . ------Menispermaceae_.-_.--__.-__-____------Systematic list of the Seldovia Point flora__ Rosaceae.___._.___------.------Middle Kenai (Homerian) flora _-_------__- - Leguminosae_____.__._____-_--_------Systematic list of the Homerian flora from Aceraceae-_-______.--.-..------the Chuitna River ______---____---- Cornaceae_._._..__.-..------Systematic list of floraof the type Homerian- Ericaceae.-__---.__.__.------.------Upper Kenai (Clamgulchian) flora- ______Fossil-plant localities--. -.-. . . . - --..-. ------Systematic list of the type Clamgulchian References cited _.--._-_-___._-_----.__------.---- flora.-.------.------Index___-_-__.._.____------.-.------

ILLUSYCRATIONS

[Plates follow index] PLATES1, 2. Flora of the Chickaloon Formation. 3-8. Flora of the Kenai Formation. Page

FIGURE 1. Drawing showing ultimate venatiol~of leaves of the "Cercidiphyllum arcticum" type---.---.-.------B10 2-12. Venation of - 2. Alnus largei_--____-..____._------.-.--..-.-----.------.-----.------. . 3 Ana ...... 4. Alnus healyensis_____.-.~__-..~~~~~~~~~~.----.--~-~------.-----~-~--~~~------5. Alnus evidens ...... 6. Alnus cappsi ____.-----___.._...... ------.--...-.-.---.-----.--.------7. Alnus corylinaand A. incana ...... --.----__-----_____-__------8. Alnus barnesi ...... 9. Alnus adumbrata ...... 10. Alnus schmidtae and A. crispa _._----_..___..._------.------.------.--.----.--- 11. Carpinus...... 12. Corylus ~~~~~------~-.....-...------.-~~---~.-.-~.~~~~..~~~------

TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

TERTIARY PLANTS FROM THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

ABSTRACT land and upper Matanuska Valley allow skatements on Taxonomic relations of some plants from the Paleocene Chick- the floristic relationships and succession. aloon Formation and the Neogene Tsadaka and Kenai Forma- As yet, the Paleocene flora of the Chickaloon Forma- tions are considered. Sixteen new species from the Kenai tion has not been thoroughly studied, and only a com- Formation are described, and the greatest emphasis is on paratively few forms have been determined. Many of members of Salicaceae and Retulaceae. The flora of the Kenai Formation may be divided into three the Chickaloon localities have produced a well- large stratigraphic floral types. The oldest, the Seldovian flora preserved and diverse flora. The difficulties inherent of probable early and middle Miocene age, is an assemblage in working with Paleocene floras, however, and the time dominated by deciduous wwdy dicotyledons that are members available for study make any detailed stakemants on the of genera now characteristic of warm-temperate eastern Asia stratigraphic succession and floristic relationships of and eastern North America. Characteristic Seldovian families the Chickdoon flora largely speculative. Hence, only a are Salicaceae, Juglandaceae, Betulaceae, Pagaceae, Ulmaceae, and Aceraceae. The middle flora, the Homerian of probable late few Chickaloon species are discussed and figured. Miocene age, is a cool-temperate assemblage dominated by In contrast, the species of the Neogene Kenai flora species of Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and Ericaceae. (including the flora of the Tsadaka Formation) can Most of the relict warm-temperate genera present in the readily be assigned to extant genera, and the consider- Homerian are absent in the upper flora, the Clamgulchian, which is thought to be of Pliocene age. able amount of published work on Neogene floras aft Considered in the framework o~f the floristic succession in middle latitudes on either side of the North Pacific Alaska, the coneept of the Arcto-Tertiary geoflora does not ag- allows a better understanding of the stratigraphic and pear to be valid. floristic significance of the Kenai flora. The basic similarity between the upper Kenai and the extant INTRODUCTION Alaskan flora indicates that a continuing detailed study The Alaskan tertiary floras have held the interest of the Icenai flora will lead to a better understanding and speculation of North American Tertiary paleobot- of the Recent flora. anists for many decades, but since the first description The stratigraphic occurrences and locality data were of some Alaskan planta by Heer (1869), only one large giren in the preceding report (Wolfe, Hopkins, and paper (Hollick, 1936) has been published. Leopold, 1066). All species discussed in the systematic In recent years it has become increasingly clear that section are of stratigraphic significance and support the floral record in the Tertiary rocks of Alaska is fully the conclusions presented in the preceding paper. as complex as that of any other region in the Northern This study llas been greatly facilitated by the assist- Hemisphere and that not even the broad outlines of ance of F. F. Barnes, D. M. Hopkins, and R. A. M. Alaskan floristic history have been satisfactorily deter- Schmidt, of the 1J.S. Geological Survey. Dr. H. D. mined. The speculations on migration of floras and MacGinitie, of the Museum of Paleontology, Univer- geofloras have served only to confuse the paleobotany of sity of California (Berkeley), has freely given of his Alaska. time and experience in the discussion of floristic We nolT have numerous, though small, plant collec- problems. tions from rocks dated by marine invertebrates, as well Study of Heer's Alaskan and other specimens de- as a far better understanding of the local stratigraphic scribed in "Flora fossilis arctics" (Heer, 1869) was sequences than even 10 years ago. In particular, the made possible by a grant (GIi406) from the National considerable geologic mapping and the large number of Science Foundation. Colleagues at the Naturhistoriska fossil-plant localities in the Cook Inlet-Susitna Low- Riksmuseet (Stocliholm), the Mineralogical Museum B2 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA of tile 17niversity of Copenllagen, the (;ryinlands PARTIAL LIST OF FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON FORMATION (irologiske ITndersdgelse, and the British Museum (Natural History) were very llelpflxl in making these Filicinae Anemia elongata (Newb.) Knowl. spcciiliens :tv:~ilablefor study. Dennstacdtia amcricana Knowl. Tllanks are also due to Prof. W. 1,. Fry, of the Hymen~l~yllz~mconf usum Lesq. Museurn of Paleontology, TJniversity of California Onoclea l~esperiaR. TV. Br. (Berkeley), and Dr. Hans Tralau, of the Natur- Osmunda macrophylla Penh. Gymnospermae historiska Riksmu~eet (Stockholm), for the loan of Glyptostrobus nordenskioldi (Heer)R. W.Br. type specimens. .Ifetasequoia ocddentalis (Newb.) Chan. Ginkgo biloba L. FLORISTIC AND ECOLOGIC INTERPRETATION Angiospermae dlisntaphyllitcs gramflifolius (Penh.) R. W. Br. CHICKALOON FLORA Sabalites sp. Carya antiquora Newb. -is previously stated, the taxonomic relations of most Pterocarya sp. of the Chickaloon species are largely problematical. Comptonia sp. Corylites fostcri (Ward) Bell Paleocene leaf floras have, as reflected in the unqueried Quercophyllum grocnlandiruv (Heer) Koch generic references of their species, a deceptively modern "Planera" microphylla Newb. aspect. That this apparent modernity is false is well Cocculus flabella (Newb.) Wolfe demonstrated by tlie extensive work on the Paleocene Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward)Wolfe and early Eocene floras of England (Reid and Chan- Han~amelitesinaequalis (Newb.) R. W.Br. Sinouiilsonia sp. dler, 1933; Chandler, 1961,1962,1964). This work has Macaranqa sp. sllown that, on the basis of fructifications, most earlier Macaranga sp. Tertiary plants should not be assigned to extant genera. "Pterospermites" sp. cf. "P." dentatus Heer The work of Reid aiid Chandler is in a sense an indict- Yelanolepis sp. ment of the superficial techniques most often used in "Sapindus" amnia Newb. Accr sp. the study of leaf floras. Although it might be argued Decostca sp. that the foliage is a more conservative organ than the Grcztiiopsis a~~riculacco.rdat~~s(Holl.) Wolfe fructification, the evidence from pollen, which is cer- Dicotylopkyllunz alaskamum (Holl.) Wolfe tainly more conservative than either leaf or fruit, sup- Dicotyloplr yllun~flcxuosa (Newb.) Wolfe ports tlie work of Reid and Chandler. Although many Dicotylphyllum richwdsoni (Heer) Wolfe "Pip~r"chapini Holl. extant genera of angiosperms have valid occurrences in tlie Paleocene, many others that have been deter- In the light of the preceding list, floristic implica t' ions mined on the basis of leaves do not. The superficial of the Chickaloon flora are difficult to analyze. This similarities bet~~eenfoliage of unrelated angiosperms flora has no apparent floristic ties with the Campanian has led many times to incorrect generic references. flora of the Chignik Formation (Hollick, 1930) or Several of the Chickaloon species have been previ- with any other known Campanian or Maestrichtian ously assigned, most of tllelrl incorrectly, I think, to floras. Some floras from eastern Siberia do resemble extant genera. In this report, if the species appears the Chickaloon; although these floras were once as- to belong to :t related kjut probably new genus, the old signed a Late Cretaceous age, more recent work indi- generic name has been enclosed in quotation marks; in cates that they are Paleocene. The rather notable uni- other cases-those in which the familial assignment is formity between the Siberian, Chickaloon, Fort TJnion, qnestionahle-the species has been reassigned to and Upper Atanikerdluk floras makes even more puz- zling the floristic relationships between the Paleocene DicotylophyZZum. Some of the Chickaloon species do aiid floras of other ages. Until considerably more is represent extant genera but on the basis of foliar char- known of the phylogenetic relationships of Paleocene acters, most of the species in the flora apparently repre- plants, further discussion of floristics of this epoch will sent extinct genera. The following list is not complete. be uninformative. Many of the Chickalcvon species are new, but their The climatic inferences of the Chickalooii and other familial affinities are unknown. Of the following 24 Alaskan Paleocene floras are, at least in general terms, angiosperms, only 8 are referred to extant genera. clear. In the Hamilton Bay flora on Kupreanof The proportion of extinct to extant genera would be Island (1:tt 57" N.) are abundant cycads, palms, Laura- even higher were all the Chickaloon flora, as known in ceae, and Dilleniaceae. The abundance of the first two the present collections, described. groups is part,icularly significant because both PLANTS are generally restricted to areas of frost-free climate. Tracheophyta-Continued Although cycads have not been recorded from the Pteropsida Chickaloon flora, there are palms. The dicotyledon Filicinae Filicales flora is somewhat contradictory, although it should be Polypodiaceae noted that today the predominately warm-temperate Dryopteris sp. Caryn, Pterocarya, and Acer all have species living in Onoclea scnsibilis L. subtropical climates. The diversity of woody Euphor- Gymnospermae biaceae is perhaps of greater significance, for Jfaca- Ginkgoales Ginkgoaceae ranga and Il4elanoZepis are today tropical and Ginkgo biloba L. subtropical genera. As the following discussion indi- Coniferales cates, the presence of a few "warm temperate" genera Taxodiaceae in floras that might otherwise be considered tropical Glytostrobzts curopaeus (Brong.) Heer or subtropical is characteristic of nearly all Paleogene Dfc~tasequoiaglyptostroboides Hu and Cheng floras. The general climate indicated by the Chicka- Taxodiunb distichurn Rich. loon and Kupreanof floras is at least subtropical; that 11onocotyledonae is, a lack of frost is indicated. Helobiae KENAI FLORA Naiadaceae Potantogeton sp. LOWER KENAI (SELDOVIAN) FLORA Liliaceae Most of the Alaskan plants described by Heer (1869) Rmilax sp. came from locality 985G1 which he called Sinus Glumiflorae Anglorum or Englischen Bucht ; actually this locality Gramineae is on Coal Cove of Port Graham rather than on English Poacites tenuistriatus Heer Cyperaceae Bay. Plants from this and three other nearby local- Cyperacites sp. ities constitute the Seldovia Point flora of Wolfe, Dicotyledonae Mopkins, and Leopold (1966), which is considered to Salicales be of early or middle Miocene age. The Seldovian flora Salicaceae is the one of most common occurrence in the Kenai Populus kenaiarca Wolfe flora and has been recognized at 27 localities in the Populus rerziformis Tan. and Sue. Kenai and Tsadaka Formations. Poputus sp. aff.P. ciliata Wall. Salix inquirenda Knowl. Thus far, 75 specific entities have been recognized S'alix picroides (Heer) Wolfe in the Seldovian flora, and 51 of these occur in the fol- Salix sp. lowing listed Seldovia Point flora. Tlie Seldovia .Juglandales Point flora has been more extensively collected than Juglandaceae other floras of this age in the Kenai Formation, and Carya bcnrlirei (Lesq.) Chan. and Axelr Carya sp. aff.C. sessilis MacG. this is, at least in part, responsible for the comparatil-e Pterocarya nzixta (Knowl.) R. W.Br. richness. However, the topographic diversity of the Ptcrocarya ?~igclla(Heer) Wolfe Seldovia area during the early Miocene was also prob- Ptcrocarya (C?/cloptcra)sp. ably a factor; the beds near Seldovia apparently repre- Fagales sent, in part, channel deposits at or near the edge of Betulaceae the Kenai basin. Hence, the Seldovia Point flora prob- Alnus cappsi (Holl.) TVolfe ably contains many elements that grew on well-drained Alnlcs healyensis Wolfe Alnus fairi (Knawl.) Wolfe slopes, an environment uncommon or laclcing in the Carpinus .?eldo??ianaWolfe major areas of deposition of the Renai Formation. Fagacene The thick coal beds in the type section of the Seldo~ian Fagcts antipofi Abich in the lower Kenai near Capps Glacier indicate that Fagus sp. cf.F. palcocrocata Tan. swampy conditions often prevailed in the basin itself. Querctts bretzi Chan. Qrtcrczts flo-rtlijclmi Heer SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE SELDOVIA POINT FLORA Urticales Tracheophyta Ulnlaceae Sphenopsida r-lnzus Zongifolia Ung. Equisetales Z'lntus newberryi Knowl. Equisetaceae Zelkova oregotziana (Kncwl.) R. W.Br. Equisetum sp. Ranales All locality numbers given are in the U.S. Geol. Survey Paleobotany Nymphaeaceae Ser. Nuphar sp. B4 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

Tracheophyta-Continued Japan are so similar, on both the generic and specific Ptero~mida-Continued levels, that they should be considered as parts of one Angiospernlae-Continued Dicotyledonae-Continued floristic province. Floras of the Northwest and Japan Ranales-Continued do not have many species in common, but the Seldovian Cercidiphyllaceae flora has many species common to both of these other Gereidiphyllum crenatum (Ung.) R. W. Br. two floras. Dfenispermaceae There are some differences between the Seldovian CoccuZus auriculata (Heer ) Wolfe Rosales flora and its coiltemporaneous floras at more southern Saxifragaceae latitudes. Tanai's Aniai-type flora contains several Hydrangea sp. (although not numerically dominant) genera of tropi- Hama~nelidaceae cal and very warm temperate climates such as Litsea, Liquidambar mioformosana 'Pan. Lindera, and Alangium. Similarly, the Collawash Platanaceae Platanus bendirei (Lesq.) Wolfe flora in Oregon contains Litsea, Lindera, and Exbuck- Rosaceae Zandia. Of course these elements may yet be found in Crataegus sp. the Seldovian flora ; a Seldovian locality in the Alaska Prunus ssp. Range coal-bearing formation contains involucres of Spiraea? andersoni Heer tho tropical to subtropical genus Bngelhardia. There Geraniales Euphorbiaceae is no definite evidence that the Seldovian flora lived in Alchornea? sp. a markedly cooler climate than prevailed in the early Mallotus sp. Miocene of Oregon or Japan. Sapindales Where did this uniform flora come from? This type Aceraceae of flora at middle latitudes was readily explained by Acw exoanunz Oishi and Huz. Acer fatisiacfolia Huz. the adherents to Clie Arcto-Tertiary theory: the flora Acer nzacrop terunz Heer was virtually the high-latitude early Tertiary flora that Acer sp. aff. A. crataegifolium S. and Z. had migrated south. The fossil floras at middle lati- Acer sp. cf. A. subpicturn Sap. tudes have been interpreted to support this. Certainly Rhamnales it is true that these Arcto-Tertiary (deciduous tem- Vitaceae Vifis sp. perate) elements occur in and first dominate middle- Malvales latitude floras of middle or late Oligocene age; equally Tiliaeeae certainly, similar floras are not found in the Paleocene Tilia sp. and Eocene rocks at middle latitudes. Consequently, Myrtiflorae if one thinks that communities are long enduring, this Nyssaceae Nyssa sp. cf N. knourltoni Berry type of flora must have originated somewhere else, and Onagraceae where else but in the north ? In fact, similar floras were Hemitrapa borealis (Heer) Miki known in areas such as Alaska, and it was assumed that Umbelliflorae these floras must be Eocene or Paleocene. Therefore, Araliaceae after Gardner (in Gardner and Ettingshausen, 1879) Kalopanan sp. Contortae first advanced the Ardo-Te&iary concept, all the Alas- Oleaceae kan Tertiary floras were either Paleocene or Eocene ; it Fraxinus sp. apparently never seemed anomalous to any paleobotanist Rubiales that the fossil plant record of about the last 40 million Caprifoliaceae years was entirely lacking in Alaska. 8ymp7ioricarpos sp. Gradually, as more fossil plants have been collected The Seldovia Point flora is a warm-temperate assem- from rocks dated independently on the basis of marine blage, as indicated by the numerical and taxonomic invertebrates, the Alaskan floristic record has become dominance of Taxodiaceae, Salicaceae, Juglandaceae, clearer. Altliough no independent date is available on Fagaceae, TTlmaceae. and aceraceae. Temperate floras the Chickaloon flora, the similarity to the Paleocene with diversity in these families are today restricted to floras both farther north (Upper Atanikerdluk, Green- east-central Asia and southeastern North America. land) and south (Fort Union) is strong evidence that The Miocene floras of both Japan (Tanai, 1961) and the Chickaloon is Paleocene. The general aspect of the Northwestern United States (Chaney in Chaney the Chickaloon flora is so greatly dissimilar to the over- and Axelrod, 1959) are this type of flora, and indeed lying Seldovian flora that it is evident that, as a flor- the early Miocene floras of the Northwest, Alaska, and istic type. the Seldovian flora did not exist in the Kenai PLANTS B5 region during the Paleocene. Tlle nearest well-dated of the association at different times, in different propor- Eocene floras are those of middle and late Eocene age tions, and in different areas. In other words, the asso- at the head of the Gulf of Alaska. These floras con- ciation or community must be continually redefined in tain abundant Lygodium. Xa6alites, Artocarpoides. terms of its constituents at any particular place or point Ficus, Ocotea. ancl Jficrocos. Clearly, this is not a in time because the association is continually changing.

Seldovian type of flora-rather these Eocene floras look MIDDUG KENAI (HOMERIAN) FLORA very much like those in the Eocene at middle latitudes. The early Oligocene floras of Alaska are very poorly The type Homerian flora is a composite one and comes known, although the few genera determined include from localities distributed through about 3,000 feet of Artocnrpoides and Macclintockia. This indicates a section. The probable late Miocene age is based on continuation of the early Tertiary subtropical flora. plants from the type Homerian and from the Chuitna On Sitkinak Island and in the Gulf of Alaska coastal River flora, which is basal Homerian. section, the oldest floras that have a preponderance of The Chuitna River flora, listed below, is the richelst the broad-leaved deciduous element are of middle to single flora from the Homerian. late Oligocene age. These floras are represented by SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE HOMERIAN FLORA FROM small collections, but because both the Sitkinak Island CHUITNA RIVER and Gulf of Alaska floras are well dated on the basis Tracheophyta of marine megafossil invertebrates, these small collec- Pteropsida tions are of considerable significance. The forms de- Filicinae termined are: Metasequoia gZyptostroboides; Akus sp., Filicales cf. A. alaskana; Carpinus sp., aff. C. cuppsensis; and Osrnundaceae CercidiphyZZm crenatum. The only difference between Onoclea sp. cf.0. scnsibilis L. this type of flora and the Seldovian is the inclusion Osmftnda sp. Gyrnnospernlae in the former of distinct and probably ancestral species Coniferales of Betulaceae. Taxodiaceae It was also in the middle and late Oligocene of Asia Glyptostrobus curopacus (Brong.) Heer and Northwestern United States that the illetasequoia- ,Ifetascquoia glyptostroboides Hu and Cheng A Znus- Carpinus-Csrcidiph yllum association first be- Angiospermae came dominant, although in these areas, Betulaceae are Monocotyledonae Pandanales represented by different species. Thus, no evidence Typhaceae supports the hypothesis that a warm-temperate decidu- Tupha sp. ons flora was present at high latitudes at any sipifi- Glurniflorae cnntly earlier time than the same type of flora was Cyperaceae present at middle latitudes. Although it could be Gyperacites sp. Dicotyledonae argued that the Seldovian type of flora originated still Salicales farther north than the Cook Inlet basin (lat 59"- Salicaceae 6.2" N.) or farther north than the floras of Seldovian Popultis licnaiana Wolfe age in the Alaska Range (lat 64" N.), such arguments Ralix chuitensis Wolfe have no factual support. Salix llesperia (Knowl.) Cond. Salix tyonelcar~uWolfe Our knowledge of Tertiary plants should be reexam- Juglandales ined for alternative concepts to the Arcto-Tertiary Juglandaceae theory. Is it reasonable, in fact, to expect the Seldovian Ptcrocarya sp. cf. P. nigella (Heer) Wolfe type of flora to have existed in the Paleocene and Fagales Eocene? Mason (1947) and MacGinitie (1962) think Betulaceae not, and I agree with them. For example, such typical Aln~iscorylina Knowl. and Cock. Alxus adf~mbrata(Holl.) Wolfe? Arcto-Tertiary genera as Glyptostrobus, ilfetasequoia, Rctfcla sp. cf. B. tkor Knowl. Ginkgo. Caryu, Ptmocarya, Alw, Fagtca, Ulmus, Cer- Corylus cl~ztitcnsis\I7olfe cidiphyllurn, Liquidambar, Acer, Vitis, h7yssa. and Rosales Fraxinw are often found (sometimes abundantly) in Rosaceae basically tropical Paleogene floras at middle latitudes. Rzcbus sp. Spiraea hopkinsi Wolfe Thus, the question previously asked, "\vliere did this Leguminosae uniform flora come from?" is the wrong question. Cladrustis japonica (nan. and Suz.) Wdfe Each of the species and phylads probably became a part Nophora sp. l50 TERTIARY BIOSTKATIGRAPHY, OOK INLET EEUIVN, ALASKA

Tracheophyta-Continued Tracheophyta-Continued Pteropsida-Continued Pteropsida-Continued Angiospermae-Continued Angiospermae Dicotyledonae-Continued Monocotyledonae illyrtiflorae Glumiflorae Elaeagnaceae Cyperaceae Elneagnus sp. aff. E. canadcnsis Cyperacites sp. Umbelliflorae Dicotyledonae Cornaceae Salicales Cornus sp. Salicaceae Cornus sp. Populus eotrew~ziloidesKnowl. Araliaceae Populus kenaiana Wolfe Aralia sp. Populus washoensis R. W. Br. Ericales Salix aluvkana Holl. Ericaceae Salix chuitensis Wolfe Arbutus sp. RaZix confirmata (Holl.) Wolfe Rhododendrcm weaveri (Holl.) Wolfe Salix kachemakensis Wolfe Vaccinium homerensis Wolfe SaZix tyonckana Wolfe Vaccinium sp. hIyricales Rubiales Myricaceae Caprifoliaceae Myrica sp. DierviZZa sp. Juglandales Rymphoricarpos sp. Juglandaceae Cwya bendirei (Lesq.) Chm. and Axdr. In some respects the Chuitna River flora is only a Fagales modified Seldovian flora; the following species are Betulaceae AZnus corylina Knowl. and Cock. either found in o~rhave probably ancestral species in the Alnus adumbrata (Holl.) Wolfe Seldovian : G2yptostrobu.s europeus. Metaseyuda gar pi nu.^ cob bi Wolfe glyptostroboides, Populus kenaima, Xalix chuitensis, Goryltis chzcitenaia Wolfe rCalix picroides, I'terocarya sp. c. P. nigella, Ahu~ Rosales corylina, Alnus adumbrata?, Corylus chuitensis, SpiZ- Saxifragaceae Hydrangea bcndirei (Ward) Knowl. raea hopkinsi, Cladrastis japonica, and Symphoricar- Ribes sp. pos sp. However, this is a comparatively small per- Rosaceae centage of species for floras that occur in a narrow Prunus sp. stratigraphic range. Even when the Seldovian element Spiraea weaveri Holl. in the type Homerian (in the following list) is added Spiraea lbopkinsi Wolfe Leguminosae (Taxodium distichum, Salix confirmuta, S. kackemaJe- Cladrustis japonioa (Tan. and Suz.) Wolfe ensis, Carya bendirei, Carpinus cobbi, ~Yp'raeaweaveri, Myrtiflorae Acer sp. cf. A. glahroides), the number of total Homer- Elaegnaceae iaii species that are closely related to known Seldovian Elaeagnus sp. aff.E. canadensis species is still less than one-third of the Homerian flora. Umbelliflorae Undoubtedly more collections from both the Seldovian Cornus sp. and Homerian would add to the list; for example, Ericales megafossils of TJlmaceae hare not been found in the Ericaceae Homerian, and leaves of Ericaceae have not been found Rhododendron wcaveri (Holl.) Wolfe Vaccinium horncrensis Wolfe in the Seldolvian, altthough both families are represented Syrnphoricarpos sp. by pollen in both stages. However, the scarcity of Ebenales common phylads indicates that a major change was Styracaceae taking place in the flora of the Kenai basin. Halesia sp.

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF FLORA OF THE TYPE HOMERIAN What factors are involved in this floristic change is Tracheophyta not clear. Altliougli tlie continued filling of the Kenai Pteropsida basin probably affected the flora somewhat, there is no Gymnospernlae evidence in the sedimentary history that the edaphic Coniferales factors changed significantly. The most obvious envi- Taxodiaceae ronmental factor is that of climate, but in this regard Blyptostrobus curopncus (Brong.) Heer Llfetascq~~oiaglyptostroboides Hu and Cheng the evidence is apparently conflicting. There are two Taxodium distichurn Rich. primary methods of arriving at an idea of paleo- PLANTS B7 climates tliat are based on floras: an analysis of leaf and diversity of Salicaceae, Retulaceae, Rosaceae, and n~argiilsand an analysis of genera and species in terms Ericaceae, tlie lack of Fagaceae, and scarcity of U1- of their present climatic distribution. maceae and Juglandaceae definitely indicate that the A comparison of dicotyledon leaf-margin percent- T-Iomerian cliiilate was considerably cooler than the ages., between the Seldoviaii and Homerian floras is Seldoviaii. given as follows : One curious aspect of the Homeria11 pollen assem- Percent blages is the poor representatioa of probable herbaceous u'i t 11 Number of ,,ti,, types. Compositae are rare, as are other families that Flora 8llecies rnorgrns are today predomiliantly herbaceous. Most botailists Type Hoinerian 25 23 have thought that the lierbaceous types developed and Chuitna River Ho~nerian...... 2-1 33 Seldovia Point_------44 14 diversified primarily at northern latitudes in response to the colder climate there. Of course the Homerian Most paleobotaiiists have directly compared the per- flora is certainly iiot frigid, as indicated by the occur- centages obtained from fossil floras to the percentages rence of (iladrastis, Qlyptostrobus, and Metasequoicn. given by Bailey and Sinnott (1916), which are based on In contrast to tlie ICenai record, the entire Miocene of regional floras containing hundreds of species. This Wyoming sho\vs a great abundance of pollen of her- cornparisoii, without qualifications, may not be valid baceous types (E. B. Leopold, oral commun., 1963). because, as MacGinitie (1953, p. 45f) has pointed out, The highly seasonal climates of the developing arid fossil floras are dominated by lacustrine and fluviatile regions rnay have had a greater impetus on the evolu- plants. This means, particularly in regnrd to Neogene tion of herbs than did the cooling at northern latitudes. floras, that thr families with nonentire leaf margins such as Betulaceae and Salicnceae are overrepresented 1 UPPER KENAI (CLAMGULCHIAN) FLORA and give the flora a cool aspect as reflected in the Tlie Clarngulchian flora of the upper part of the leaf -margin analysis. Another fact or tliat may cle- Kenai Formation is known from relatively few locali- tract from the value of leaf-margin analysis is the time ties, partly because of tlie poor exposures and poor of diversification of particular families. L41tliough lithification aiid partly because of the comparatively Bailey and Sinnott have slio~~nthe high correlation be- little time spent collecting from the upper Kenai. At tween entire-margined leaves and physiologically arid tlie known localities, the most striking feature of the environments, the margin of tlie leaf is nevertheless following flora listed, which is probably early Pliocene, probably genetically controlled ; that is, the leaf margin is its depauperate character. is dependent on environment n-itliin definite genetic limitations. For example, in such a family as Lau- SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE TYPE GLAMGULCHIAN FLORA raceae, where entire-margined species are over~vhelm- Traeheophyta ingly dominant, a few species in warm-temperate cli- Sphmopsida mates do have simple lobations; however, most of the Eclnisetales Ecluisetacrae warm-temperate members of this family have entire Eqtcisctunc sp. margins. Similarly, most species of the primarily Pteropsida tropical family Tiliaceae have nonentire margins even Gymnosperinae in tropical regions. It seems probable, therefore, tliat Coniferales the type of leaf margin is not a simple function of Tasodiaceae Gl!/ptostrob?ts cztropnrrts (Brong.) Heer environment, but that genetic factors are also involvecl. hngiospermae The greater diversity and abundance in tlie Neogene 31 onccotsledonae of such families as the Rosaceae and Ericaceae, which Hclobiae are generally rare or lacking in Paleogene floras, are Saiadaceae probably an actual reflection of the evolutioilary his- Potamogeton sp. Potamogcton sp. tory of these groups. In particular, tlie inclusion of Glnmiflorae Ei'aeagnus, Cornus, Ericaceae, and Xymphoricarpos i11 Csperaceae the Homerian flora may give this flora a warmer as- Carex sp. pect than merited if only the leaf-margin analysis is Cupcracites sp. relied upon. Dieotyledonae That the Homerian flora is cool temperate, rather Salicales than warm temperate as the leaf-margin analysis in- Salicaceat. Pop~clustacamaltacra Mill. dicates, can be deduced from the present distribution Raliz cookensis TTTolfe of the Homerian genera and families. The abuiidnnce Salix crnssij~rlisTrantv. B8 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

Tracheophyta-Continued SYSTEMATICS Pteropsida-Continued Angiospermae-Continued CHICKALOON FLORA Dicotyledonae-Continued Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton Salicales-Continued Salicaceae-Continued Plate 1, figure 5 Sa1i.c Icenainna Wolfe Ralix leopoldae Wolfe Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton, 1910, Smithsonian Misc. Salix ninilchikensis Wolfe Colln., v. 52, p. 492, pl. 63, fig. 4; pl. 64, figs. 3-5. Fagales Brown, 1962, U.S. Gml. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 42, pl. 6, Betulaceae figs. 1, 2, 5-7. Alnus incana (L.) Muench Discussion.-The collections in the U.S. National Ah~usschmidtae Wolfe Museum from the Greenland Paleocene contain a sterile Rosales Rnsaceae pinnule of Dennstaedtia americana. Most of the Spiraea sp. cf. S. beauverdiana Schn. figured specimens of D. blomtrandi from the Paleocene Jfalzts sp. cf. If. fusca (Rafin.) Schn. of eastern Silberia also seem to represent this species. Sapindales Many sterile and fertile specimens were collected in the Anacardiaceae Mrak mine in association with Onoclea. Rhus. sp. cf. R. glabru L. Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation : 9873. The Clamgulchian flora is clearly cool temperate. It Hypotype: USNM 42182. is dominated, both numerically and taxonomically, by Onoclea hesperia Brown species of Ahus and Salix. The presence of Glypto- strobus in a cool-temperate flora may appear to be Onoclea hesperia Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper peculiar, but a member of this genus is known to have 375, p. 43, pl. 7, figs. 1,4. Onoclea sensibilis auct. non Linnaeus. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. adapted to an increasingly arid and seasonal climate in Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 35, pl. 2, figs. 24. eastern Oregon (Chaney and Axelrod, 1959), and other members of the genus could equally well have adapted Discussion.-Brown excluded the Alaskan specimens to cool conditions. Of course, the presence of Glypto- from Onoclea hesperia because of their finely serrate strobus and Rhus in the megafossil flora and possibly margin. Examination of Newberry's types of 0. sen- of Pterocarya and Liquidambar in the microfossil flora sibilis fossih (these are 'also the types of 0. hesperia) indicate that the Clamgulchian flora probably lived in under a microscope reveals that any individual frag- ment may be both finely serrate and entire. Probably a climate considerably warmer than that of the Cook Inlet area today, although cooler than either the most of the specimens referred by Brown to Wood- Homerian or Seldovian. The occurrence of Pteroca~ya wardia arctica are conspecific with 0. hesperia. and Liquidambar in the Clamgulchian flora could be Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation : 9871-9873. questioned on the possibility of redeposition. Carya antiquora Newberry The Clamgulchian flora is virtually a depauperate Homerian flora, with most if not all of the warm ele- Plate 1, figure 1 ments eliminated. Most of the species of Ahs,Salix, Carya antiquorum Newberry, 1868, New York Lyceum Nat. and Poplus have probable ancestors lower in the History Annals, v. 9, p. 72. Kenai, and the Rhus is related to a species found at one Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 35, pl. 31, Seldovian locality. The decrease in diversity of the figs. 1-4. flora was probably not sudden; the upper part of the Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 55, pl. 17, figs. 1-7 ; pl. 18, fig. 4. Homerian lacks many of the lower Homerian species. Hicoria antiquorum (Newberry) Knowlton, 1898, U.S. Geol. Similarly, the Recent woody dicotyledon flora of the Survey Bull. 152, p. 117. Cook Inlet region could be considered a modified Clam- Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 83, gulchian flora. In south-central Alaska, however, pl. 37, fig. 1. even in swampy areas, the present association of Juglans nigella auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 81, pl. 38, figs. 1, 5. dicotyledons with conifers such as Picea cannot be dup- Juglans picroides auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. licated by any Clamgulchian megafossil flora, although Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 82, pl. 37, fig. 2. nearly every Kenai pollen flora has an abundance of Praminus juglandina auct. non Saporta. Hollick, 1936 [part], bisaccate types. Thus, although the Clamgulchian U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 163, pl. 100, fig. 1. flora has several similarities to the Recent flora, the two Discwsion.-Two of the major features that charac- floras should not be considered as representing the same terize the leaflets of Garya antipuora are the smooth association or community. arching of the secondary veins and the lack of promi- PLANTS B9 nent tertiary branches. Tllus far, C. antiyuora is Populus xadachi auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sur- known definitely only from Paleocene rocks. vey Prof. Paper 182, p. 69, pl. 24, figs. 4, 5. Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9872, 9881. Di,scussion.-A complete synonymy of Coccwh flu- Hypotype: USNM 42183. beZla would cover several pages and is not given here. The epithet "fiabella" has priority, although Brown "Planera" microphylla Newberry (1939, p. 492) chose "arctica" for the widely used Plate 2, figure 3 "Cercidiph?/ZZu?n. arcticum." Several different forms Plancra microphylla Newberry, 1868, New Tork Lyceum Nat. have been included in C. arcticum, discussed as follows History Annals, v. 9, p. 55. under Trochodendroides serrulata. Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 81, p1. 33, Thus far, Cocm~lusflabello is not known above the figs. 3, 4. lower Eocene and \\-as most widespread during the Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. SUrvey Prof. Paper 37.5, p. 60, pl. 24, figs. 1-11, 13,15,16. Paleocene. Juglans? pseudopuotata Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Surrey Considerable confusion has resulted because of the Prolf. Paper 182, p. 82, pl. 102, figs. 3-5. tendency to place many palmate leaves in Cercidipkyl- Praxinus? pseudobliqua Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Surrey lum arcticurn, primarily because of a superficial resem- Prof. Paper 182, p. 164, pl. 102, fig. 7a. blance to Cercidiphyllu?n leaves and a joint occurrence Ulmus longifolia auct. non Unger. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sur- vey Prof. Paper 182, p. 107, pl. 58, fig. 4. with the fruits variously known as Nyssidium or Jenkinsella. Chandler (1961, p. 84-90) demonstrated Discuasiom.-All the Alaskan specimens cited above that the fruits of Jenkinsella are not related to Cerci- fall well within the range of variation of Plainera micro- diphyllzrm, and this in turn indicates that the Paleo- phylla. Although n& abundant, leaves of this species gene leaves also referred to Cercidiphyllum should be occur xt several localities in the Chickaloon. reexamined. The investigation of this foliage is not The reference of these leaves ,toPlamera does not seem yet completed, but certain data have been collected. to be valid. In the shape of the teeth, they are most Among the Fort Union Paleocene leaves assigned to similar to leaves of Herniptelea, which, however, are C. arcticum, at least five basically different types of simply serrate. The cordate base of the fossil is similar ultimate venation can be recognized. This indicates to that of some species of Ulmus, but the conspicuous that certainly five different species are represented, and, and irregular forking of lthe secondary veins indicates a concomitant with the megzscopic characters, five dif- relgtionship to Planera. Other than in tooth shape, the - ferent genera and families are probably also repre- fossils differ from leaves of Planera ,by having uni- sented. Two of these species I have nut been able to formly and closely spaced nervilles. assign to any extant family; because they are not Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation : 5892, 9871-9873, 9881. present in the Chickaloon flora they are here ignored. Hypotvpes: USNM 42281, 42285. The remaining three entities are present in the Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe, new combination Chickaloon as well as in the Fort Union flora. One of these forms, Trochodendroides serrulata, has the Plate 1, figure 2 ; figure 19 extensive secondary and tertiary looping and finely Populus flabellum Newberry, 1863, Boston Jour. Nat. History, crenate margin similar to Cercidiphylh. However, v. 7, p. 524. Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 44, pl. 20, the ultimate venation (fig. 1A) is strikingly different fig. 4. from that of the Recent C. japonicum, and I hesitate Populzcs arctica Heer, 1866, Naturf. Gesel. Zurich, Viertel- to make the tu-o species congeneric without more evi- jahrsch, v. 11, p. 275. dence. Snecimens of T. serrulata are uncommon in IIeer, 1868, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 1, p. 100, pl. 4, figs. Ga, comparison with the other two segregates of C. arcticum 7; pl. 5; pl.6,figs.5,6;pl.8,figs.B,6. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 60, p1. discussed here. 22, fig. 5a ; pl. 23, figs. 1, 2 ; pl. 24, figs. 13; pl. 27, fig. 4; A second species, Cocczclus flabella, is the most colm- pl. 117, figs. 4-8 ; pl. 118, fig. 5. mon dicotyledon leaf in the Chickaloon Formation but Piper septmtrionalis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. is comparatively uncommon in the Fort Union. In- Paper 182, p. 58, pl. 113; pl. 114, fig. 1. cluded in this species are the types of Heer's Populu8 Piper contro~ertabilisHollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sun7ey Prof. Paper 182, p. 59, pl. 114, figs. 2,3a, 4-9. arctica. Most C. flabelZa leaves do not have the ulti- Cercidipl~yllumarcticum (Heer) Brown, 1939 [part], Jour. mate venation preserved, or the leaf is represented by Paleontology, v. 13, p. 492, pl. 53, figs. 3-5. a structureless carbonized mass. The leaf was appar- Brown, 1962 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 70, ently very thick, and the only specimens on which I pl. 37, figs. 10,17 ; p1. 38, figs, 14, 16. Populus ambzyrhyncha auct. non Ward. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. have observed the ultimate venation (fig. 1B) are oneis Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 63, p1. 25, fig. 5. that appear to have been partly decayed before burial. B10 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA Most specimenls, even if the ultimate venation is not pre- 1 two other species, has large areoles intruded by thin served, display a prominent surface pattern of small branching veinlets. The familial relationship of this (about 0.08 mm) closely spaced mounds. On speci- species is uncertain. Some resemblance in superficial mens in which the leaf is partly decayed, the pattern venation pattern and margin to leaves of Trimfetta appears as a reticulation of carbon filling the crevices (Tiliaceae) may be noted, and the ultimate venation between the bare mounds. The ultimate venation is pattern is somewhat similar. On the other hand, the composed of small areoles that typically lack freely end- fossils have typically craspedodrome secondaries unlike ing veinlets. Such a pattern is common in members of the camptodrome pattern in Triurnfetta. Other genera Menispermaceae, as is the presence of a conspicuous of Tiliaceae, for example Gre2.uk, do have craspedo- marginal vein. Leaves of Coedus in particular have the same mixture of coarse irregular lobes and an entire drome secondaries, but Grewia, as most Tiliaceae, has margin. Tropical species of CoccuZus also display the small quadrangular areoles intruded by few and simple same peculiar surface pattern as the fossils. veinlets. Because no familial assignments of the fossils A third species is DicotylophyZZum richrdsmi. can be made with confidence at this time, they are re- Leares of this species are commonly coarsely and doubly ferred to the form genus Dicotylophylkm. serrate, have glandular teeth, and may form shallow Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation. 987&9874,9881. lobes. The ultimate venation, in comparison with the Hypotypes: USNM 42185,42282,42286.

FIGURE1.-Ultimate venation of leaves of the "Cwcidi~hyllurn arcticum" type. A, Cocculus Pabella (Newberry) Wolfe, USNM 42185, locality 9881. B, Trochodendroidea serrulata (Ward) Wolfe, USNM 42187, locality 9870. 0, Dicotylophyllum richardaoni (Heer) Wolfe. USNM 42262, locality 9870. X 18.

Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward) Wolfe, new combination at tlvo localities in the (Illickaloon Formation, but the Plate 1. figure- 3 : figure- IB leaves of the latter species are common at almost all localities. Many of the leaves referred to Cercidiphyl- Zixyphus serrulata Ward, 1885, U.S. Geol. Surrey 6th Ann. Rept., p. 5.54, pl. 51, figs. 14,15. lum arcticun~from middle Eocene and younger rocks Ccrcidiphyllum arcticum (Heer) Brown, 1931 [part], Jour. appear to to the T- aermzata Paleontology, v. 13, p. 492, pl. 53, fig. 6 (specimen on probably not to T. semZata itself. right). Occ~irrence:Chickaloon Formation : 9870,9872. Brown, 1962 [part], Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 70, 1J.S. Hypotypes: rJSNM 42186, 42187. p1. 38, fig. 10. Discussion.-Many leaves that have finely crenate Hamamelites inaequalis (Newberry) Brown margins and consistently camptodrome venation have Plate I, figure 7 been assigned various to Cercidi~h~2zumHamamelites inaequalis (Newberry) Brown, 1962 [[part], U.S. arcticurn. These leaves thus appear in gross features Geol. Survey prof. Paper 375, p. 72, pl. 40, fig. 5. to differ significantly from the typical range of Vtlria- Protoficus i~aequalisNewberry, 1883, U.S. Satl. MUS. Proc., V. tion found in CocmZus j€abeZZa, which has large rounded 5, p. 512. teeth or an entire margin. Newkrry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 33, p. 89, pl. 58, fig. 2 ; pl. Go, fig. 1. TrochodendrOides serruzafa is less cornmoll than Hamamclites fothe,rgilloides auct. non Saporta. Ward 1887, U.S. Coccl~7uxfibe77a. Leaves of the former have been found Geol. Survey ~~11.37, p. CA, pl. 29, fig. 1. PLANTS B11 1jiscu~sion.-I have accepted only one of Brown's not closely related to Popuhs. The palmate venation figured specimens as validly assigned to ZZmameZites and camptodrome secondaries exclude D. alaskam from innequalis. His plate 40, figure 4, shows a specimen that Greun'opsis. has widely spaced percurrent nervilles, several basal sec- Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9782, 9881. ondary ~einsdeparting at nearly 90°, and a consistently Hypotype: USNM 42190. dentate margin; this is n platanoid leaf and should probably be assigned to Crednerin. I3ro\vn's plate 40, figure Dicotylophyllnm flexuosa (Newberry) Wolfe, new combination 6, is :L battered leaf that can be more readily mntched Plate 2, figure 1 by leaves of TTi6urnzlm nntiquurn (Brown, 1962, pl. 63, Qtiercus flexuosa Newberry, 1863, Boston Jour. Nat. History, figs. 3,8). v. 7, p. 521. Occctrrcncc: Chickaloon Formation : 9870. Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 74, pl. 19, Hljpotypc: ITSSM 42188. figs. 4-6. Quercus sullyi Newberry, 1883, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 5, p. 506. "Sapindus" affinis Newberry . Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 79, pl. 60, fig. 2. Plate 2, figure 3 Rrawn, 1962 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. Sapindus nflnis Newberry, 1868, New York Lyceum Nat. His- 59, pl. 23, figs. 1, 2. 4-7 ; pl. 27, fig. 9; pl. 57, figs. 6, 7. tory Annals, v. 9, p. 51. Pterocarya septentrionalc Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 116, pl. 30, Paper 182, p. 84, pl. 40, figs. 5-7. fig. 1 ; pl. 40, fig. 2. Quercus cmjunctiua Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 76, pl. 182, p. 101, pl. 42, figs. 3,4a. 47, figs 1-8. Dryophyllum aqzcilonium Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 137, pl. Paper 182, p. 104, pl. 43, fig. 6. 76, fig. 5. Rosa cetera Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 125, pl. 70, fig. 8. Discussion.-Several well-preserved specimens re- Mohrodendron. inopinum Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey cently collected substantiate Hollick's queried referral Prof. Paper 182, p. 162, pl. 103, fig. 2. of his Chickaloon specimen to this common Fort Union Fraxinus inordinuta Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper species. Bot,h the Fort Union and the Chickaloon spec- 182, p. 163, pl. 101, figs. 1-7. imens lack the numerous prominent and nearly cras- Juglans crossii auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Ged. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 80, pl. 44, fig. 4; pl. 40, figs. 14. pedodrome tertiary branches characteristic of leaflets J~cglansjrcglandiformis auct. non (Sternberg) Giebel. Hollick, of Recent Sapindus. In addition, the fossils have a dis- 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 80, pl. 43, figs. tinct marginal vein, which is lacking in Sapindus. I 3-5 ; pl. 39, figs. 1-6. have not been gble to find all the characters of the fos- Qz~ercusjuglandina auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. sils in any extant genus of Sapindaceae, although Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 101, pl. 42, figs. la, 2; p1. 43, Euphoria appears to be closest. fig. 2. Quercus artocarpites auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936, Occurrence: Chickalocm Formation: 5892, 9871, 9873, 9881. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, p1. 43, fig. 1. Hypotype: USNM 42189. Qtcercus meriana auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sur- vey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, pl. 44, fig. 1. Dicotylophyllum alaskana (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination Quercus alaskana auct. non Trelease. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Plate 2, figure 2 Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, pl. 44, fig. 2. Dryophyllum longipetiolatum auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, Grcwiopsis alaskanlc Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Ged. Sumeg 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 104, pl. 42, Prof. Paper 182, p. 149, pl. 85, fig. Pi. fig. 5. Populus Zatiw auct. lion Braun. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Fraxinus juglandina auct. non Saporta. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper lg2, p. 64, p1. 26, fig. 4. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 163, pl. 42, fig. 4b. Poptilus glandulifcra auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Fraxinus johnstrupi auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182. p. 65, pl. 116, fig. 1. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 164, pl. 105, fig. 3. Populus babamoides auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1936 [part]. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 65, pl. 116, fig. 3. Discussion.-As the above synonymy indicates, leaves Populus gaudini auct. non Fischer-Ooster. Hollick, 1936 [part I, of Uicotylophyllz~rnjlexuosa are common in the Chicka- U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 67. pl. 25, fig. 2. loon Formation. This species is also found in the Pa- Acer aretimm auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey leocene Chuckanut and Fort Union floras of the con- Prof. Paper 182, p. 133, pl. 77, fig. 1. terminous United States, and some of the leaves of Discussion.-The familial affinities of these leaves Ilea and Quercus described from the Greenland Pa- are unknown. Although they superficially resemble leocene may also be representatives of this species. Populw, their sharp nonglandular teeth, lack of petio- Brown's synonymy of Q. sullyi with Sanborn's Ardh lar glands, angular loops of the secondary veins, and taurinensi~does not appear to be valid; hence, U. pea- other features indicate that Dicotyphyllum alaskana is uosa is not known in other than Paleocene rocks. B12 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA It is extremely doubtful that these fossils belong in from the Miocene of Switzerland. This type of peltate Qzcercu.~;one specimen from the Chickaloon appears to leaf has never been found above the Paleocene and is be t\vo leaflets attached to a rachis. D. flexuosa may be apparently a relict of a Cretaceous group. The famil- related to the species of Meliosma wit11 compound ial affinities of this foliage are unkno\vn at present, leaves. although several Menispermaceae have peltate leaves. Occurrence: Chickaloon Fomtion : 5982, 9881. A more probable relationship is with Euphorbiaceae: Hfjpotypc: USNM 42191. Mucaranga tanarius Muel1.-Arg. has peltate leaves that have similar bifurcating primary and secondary veins Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe, new combination and a nonentire margin. The fossils lack, however, Plate 1, figure 4; figure 1C conspicuous regularly spaced percurrent nervilles and Poptllzcs rickardsoni Heer, 1808, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 1, p. percurrent quaternary veins between the nerx-illes, 98, pl. 4, figs. 1-5; pl. 6, figs. 7, 8; pl. 15, fig. le. features that are characteristic of Macarmga and nu- Hollick, 1936, U.S. Gml. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 61, pl. merous other Euphorbiaceae. 27, figs. 1-3; PI. 33, fig. la. Occzcrrence: Cuhickaloon Formation : 9881. CcrcidipAyllum areticum (Heer) Brown. Brown, 1962 [part], Specimen: USNM 42192. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 70, p1. 37, figs. 13, 15, 18, 20; pl. 52, fig. 9. KENAI FLORA Discussion.-See page B10. SALICACEAE Occurrctzce: Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9872,9881. Populus kenaiana Wolfe, new name Hypotypes: TJSNM 42184,42262. Plate 3, figure 1 Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination Vitis crenata Heer, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 36, pl. 8, Plate 1, figure 6 fig. 6. Popuzus lindpeni Knowlton, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey 18th Ann. Pterosp~rmitesauriclclaccordatus Hollick, 1986, U.S. Ged. Sur- Rept., pt. 3, p. 726, pl. 100, fig. 3. vey Prof. Paper 182, p. 151, pl. 92, figs. 1-5. Pterospermites crmjunctitrus Hollick, 1936, U.S. Gml. Survey Discussion.-The combination Popdug crenata was Prof. Paper 182, p. 152, pl. 91, figs. 1, 2. used by Unger, and hence a new epithet is needed. The Grewiopsis alaskana Hollick, 1936 [partj , U.S. Geol. Survey specific epithet "keerium" \\.as applied to Vitis crenata Prof. Paper 182, p. 149, p1. 85, fig. 1 [not figs. 2 and 3 which are retained as Dicot2/lophylZum alaskanu]. by Knowlton and Cockerell (in Knowlton, 1919, p. 648) Viburnum cupanioides (Newberry) Brown, 1%2 [part], U.S. because of homonymy, but the combination Popuh Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 87. heeriana would be an orthographic variant of P. heerii Uiscu.~sion.-These leaves have a pseudopalmate pin- Saporta. nate venation, craspedodrome secondary veins, percur- In the features shown by Heer's type specimen, his rent nervilles, a dentate margin, and arcuate sinuses. Vitis crenatu is conspecific with Knowlton's Popwlus Heace, the fossils fall within the boundaries of Grewiop- Zindgreh. This synonymy is further supported by the sis as originally defined. Despite the generic name, numerous specimens from the type Seldovian and other Gretoiopsis is not related to Grewia, whose leaves have Kenai localities that have been directly compared with palmate venation, a serra

Discussion.-An undescribed specimen from Kukak once- or twice-branching veinlets ; margin finely crenate, Bay was labeled, apparently by Knowlton, as "Andro- with glandular teeth; teeth typically 3-5 per secondary ; meda sp." (USNM 30216). This specimen and two petiole thick, at least 0.6 cm long. from the Capps Glacier Seldovian are here considered Discussion.-Leaves of Salix tyonekana most closely conspecific. resemble those of X. Zasiandra Bentl~.,particularly in Leaves of Salix cuppsensis and X. chuiten- is, a de- shape, marginal and secondary venation, and number scription of which follows, resemble those of the extant and type of teeth. Salix lasimndra, however, has per- X. richardxoni Hook. in having sharp sickle-shaped current nervilles and less conspicuous and numerous teeth, an acute base, and an acuminate apex. In shape, intersecondary reins. venation, and number of teeth, however, the three spe- Occurrence: Homerian : 5821,9844,9852. cies are distinguishable. 8.cappsensis is linear and Holotypc: USNM 42%. falcate in shape, has two teeth per secondary and arcu- Paratypes: USSM 38779,4YL66. ate sinuses and obcurrent nervilles. The younger X. Salix alaskana Hollick chuitemsis is slightly falcate and oval in shape and has two teeth per secondary, acute sinuses, and percurrent Plate 4, figure 5 nervilles. The extant X. richardsoni is broadly oval in Balin alaskw Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 18% shape, has three teeth per secondary, and has acute p. 69, pl. 31, fig. 4. sinuses. As yet, this phylad is unk~lown from the Juglam? pseudopunctata Hollick, 19343 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 82, pl. 104, fig. 2. type section of the Clamgulchilan. Prunz~sIiartungi aequalis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Occurrence: Seldovian : 9845. Paper 182, p. 126, pl. 70, figs. 1-3. Holotype: USNM 42261. Prunus olympica auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Paratupe: USNM 30216. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 127, pl. 70, figs. 5,6.

Salix chuitensis Wolfe, n. sp. Discussion.-All specimens cited above intergrade in all features, and all are from t'he same locality. SaZix Plate 4, figures 1, 2 alaskma is apparently ancestral to X. kenaiana, but the Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval to former has leaves that have consistently serrate margins. ovate; slightly falcate; base cuneate; apex acuminate; In the upper Homerian, however, the teeth are sparser length 3.8-7.5 cm; width 1.9-3.4 cm; 8-13 pairs of and smaller. If it were not for the presence of minute irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing at an teeth, these leaves would be assigned to 8. kenaiana. angle of 30"-70°, curving apically near margin to form Occurrence: Homerian : 5820,9361,9853. a series of angular loops with adjacent secondaries, Hypotype: USNM 42198. camptodrome; tertiaries craspedodrome; intersecondaries common, parallel to secondaries ; nervilles irregul- Salix kenaiana Wolfe, n. sp. larly spaced, branching percurrent to obcurrent ; margin Plate 4, figure 7 serrate, with uniformly spaced, narrowly triangular teeth, sinuses arcuate; petiole more than 0.2 cm long. Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval to Discussion.-See under SaZix cappsensi~(p. R12). obovate ;base narrowly to broadly rounded ; apex acute ; Occurrence: Homerian : 9361,9844, 9853, 9868. length 2.7-8.5 cm; width 1.8-2.7 cm; 8-16 pairs of Holotypc: USNM 42200. irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing from Paratype: USNM 42201. midrib at an angle of 30"-80°, curving smoothly apically, forming a series of loops with adjacent sec- Salix tyonekana Wolfe, n. sp. ondaries, camptodrome; intersecondaries uncommon, Plate 3, figure 7 parallel to secondaries; nervilles uniformly spaced, Fraxinus juglandina. auct. non Saporta. Holliclr, 1936 [part], branching, percurrent ; areoles irregularly polygonal, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 163, pl. 101, fig. 10. intruded by profusely branching veinlets; margin en- Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate,; shape linear tire; petiole 0.3-0.5 cm long; lower surface pubescent. oval, falcate to straight; length 4.0-9.0 cm; width 1.2- Dism3sion.-Sdix kenuiann has leaves similar to 2.4 cm ; base cuneate ; apex highly acuminate; 18-20 those of 8.alaskam Holl. but lacking an indication of pairs of irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing teeth. The recent X. sitchnsis Sans. has similar leaves, at an angle of 50"-80°, convex, looping smoothly near but these have a consistently acute base and larger margin; intersecondaries common, subparallel to sec- sreoles, whereas 8. kenaiana has a rounded base and ondaries; series of submarginal tertiary loops; quater- smaller areoles. naries craspedodrome ; nervilles obcurrent ; areoles about Occurrcnce: Clamgulchian : 9360, 9763, 9859, 9860, 9862, 0.5-0.6 cm across, irregularly polygonal, intruded by Holot~/pc:USNM 42199. B14 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

Salix confirmata (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination t,o (estimated) 11.0 cm; width 3.24.3 cm; 12-16 Plate 3, figure 2 pairs of irregularly spaced secondaries, departing at, Rosa confirmata Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey I'rof. Paper 182, an angle of 30"-80°, broadly convex to undulatory, p. 125, pl. 70, fig. 9. forming angular loolps submarginally, forking con- Rhamnus gaudini auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. spicuously ; intersecondaries common, subparallel to Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 139, pl. 78, fig. 4. secondaries ; tertiaries camptodrome or craspedodrome ; Diospyros anccps auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. nervilles irregularly and broadly spaced, obcurrent ; Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 161, pl. 105, fig. 2. ultimate venation not known; margin irregularly and Discussion.-Hollick's type has a petiole and is hence sparsely crenate; length of petiole unknown. a leaf and not a leaflet. The type and similar specimens Discussion.-These fossils are similar to the leaves from the Homerian are closely similar to the extant of both the extant Salix scouleriam Barr. 'and the Ho- Salix barclayi Anders. The fossils differ from the merian S. kachernakensis. Leaves of S. leopoldae differ Recent leaves primarily by having about half as many from those of S. scouleriana Barr. by their broad shape teeth, an acuminate apex, and a higher angle of depar- and acuminate apex; their acute base and crenate mar- ture of the secondaries. gin distinguishes them from leaves of S. kachemahnsis. Occzcrre?tce: Homerian : 5820, 5821, 9853, Clamgulchian : 9854. This species is named for Estella R. Leopold. Hypotype: USNM 42267. Occurrence: Clamgulchian : !XW, 9763, 9854, 9855, 9861, 9866?. Salix kachemakensis Wolfe, n. sp. Holotype: USNM 42197. Paratypo: USNXl42268. Plate 4, figures 3,4, 8 Salix ninilchikensis Wolfe, n. sp. Salix tenera auct. non Al. Braun. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 72, ~1.34, figs. 9,lO. Plate 3, figure 6 tluglans salicifolia auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Diop~pyroslancifolia auct. non Lesquereux. Heer, 1869, Flora Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 79, pl. 28, fig. 3. fossilis alaskana, p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 12. Magnolia inglefieldi auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1W3 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 114, pl. 62, fig. 3. Description.--Leaf simple, pinnate ; shape oval, Laurus princeps auct. non Her. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. linear, rarely falcate; base cuneate to rounded; apex Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 120, pl. 67, fig. 1. acuminate; length 6.5-11.5 cm; width 2.04.5 cm; 17- Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval to 19 pairs of irregularly spaced secondaries, departing obovate; base narrowly to broadly rounded; apex at an angle of 40"-80°, convex, curving near margin acuminate; length 4.0-9.4 cm; width 2.1-4.6 cm; 12-20 to form a series of uniform marginal loops with ad- pairs of secondary veins, departing at an angle of 40"- jacent secondaries; nervilles not percurrent, tending to 90", irregularly convex, often branching, forming be perpendicular to midrib, branching, regularly angular loops with adjacent secondaries, craspedo- spaced ; areoles about 0.5 mm across, irregularly polyg- drome or camptodrome; intersecondaries numerous, onal, intruded by thin, profusely branching veinlets; parallel to secondaries; nervilles irregularly branching, margin entire, with pubescence; petiole 0.7-0.9 cm long. obcurrent ; areoles irregularly polygonal, intruded by Discussion.-Snlia ninilchikensis is closely related thick profusely branching veinlets; margin thickened, to the extant S. amplifolia Cov. The fossils differ from entire or with irregularly spaced coarse teeth; petiole leaves of the Recent species by being oval and more at least 1.5 cm long. linear and by having more numerous secondary veins. Discussion.-In some of the foliar variations, partic- Occurrence: Clamgulchian : 9862. ularly in regard to the margin, Salix kachemkensis Holotype: USNM 42269. and the Recent 8. scouleriana Barr. are very similar. The fossil species, however, has many leaves that have Salix picroides (Heer) Wolfe, new combination smoothly arching secondary veins and an entire margin, Juglans (Carya) picroides Heer, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana, and typically the fossils are much broader than the p. 39, pl. 9, fig. 5. Recent leaves. Discussion.-Heer's specimen of Juglans picroide~ Occtcrrenoe: Homerial1 : 4129,5822,9361,9852,9853. does not have teeth as large as illustrated. The teeth Holotype: USNM 42193. are small and irregularly distributed. The submarginal Paratypcs: USNM 42195, 42196. loops of the tertiary veins are angular. In the character of the teeth, the marginal venation, and the almost Salix leopoldae Wolfe, n. sp. percurrent venation, Heer's specimen is similar to most Plate 4, figure 9 specimens referred by various authors to Salix henperia Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly (Knowl.) Cond. Numerous specimens, however, of oval to ovate; base acute; apex acuminate; length 8.0 Rnlix picroides from the Seldovian and lower Homerian PLANTS B15 indicate that in S. picroides the base is typically rounded Juglans oregoniana Lesquereux, 1878, Harvard Coll. Mus. Comp. and the apex is greatly attenuated; the margin near the Zoology Mem., v. 6, no. 2, p. 33, pl. 9, fig. 10. apex changes from a concave admedial curvahure to a Knomlton, 1902, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 204, p. 36. concave abmedial curvature. In 8. hespe~icithe base is Salia: varians auct. non Goeppert. Heer, 1869 [part], Flora fossilis arctica, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 8. typically cordate and the apex is less attenuated with- Ptcrocarya nlixta auct. non (Knowlton) Brown. Chaney and out a marked change in curvature. S. picroides also Axelrod, 1959, Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 617, p. occurs in early Miocene beds in Oregon; this species 157, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2. may possibly be ancestral to S. hespericr, which is only knom~nfrom late Miocene and younger horizons. On Discussion.-The single series of marginal loops, the other hand, except for the larger sharper uniform evenly spaced secondary veins, and narrowly to broad- teeth of S. cookensis from the upper Homerian and ly triangular evenly spaced teeth indicate that these Clamgulchian, this younger species and S. picroides fossils are members of the subgenus Platyptera of would be considered conspecific. Perhaps S. picroides Pterocarya. Characteristic large winged seeds of gave rise to AS. cookensis in the north and to 8. hesperia Platyptera have been found associated with the leaf- in the south. lets at four localities. Occzirrencc: Seldovian : 9849, 9850, 9856. Homerian : 98-44. Comparison of topotypic material indicates that it is Salix cookensir Wolfe, n. sp. conspecific lvith the miocene leaflets cited above from conterminous North~vesternUnited States. Pterocarya Plate 3, figures 4, 5 nigella is most similar to the Oligocene "J~~glans"orien- Ralix varians auct. non Goeppert. Heer, 1869 [part]. Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1-3. tal& MacGinitie from California and Oregon. The latter species, however, has leaflets that are linear and Description.-See Heer, 1869, p. 27. Di- cussi ion.-The leaves here called Salb coohensis have more acuminate apices. are uniform in having well-defined sharp teeth, per- 0ccurrcn.ce: Seldovian: 8380, 9359, 9845, 9848, 9850, 985tF current nervilles, a linear ovate shape, and a highly 9858. Homerian : 9844? acuminate apex. Salix cookensis is apparently related Hypotype: USNM 42272. to the early and middle Miocene S. picroides. In venation, leaves of S. cookensis resemble those of the extant BETULACEAE S. pseudomonticola Ball. The latter, however, are The abundance and diversity of foliage of Betulaceae broader and have an acute apex. is one of the most characteristic aspects of the Kenai Occurrence: Homerian : 9853. Clamgulchian : 9360, 9862. floras. Fifteen species are discussed and illustrated as Holotype: USNM 42270. IJaratype:USNM 42271. follows; in addition, Behla papyrifera, B. subhtea, JUGLANDACEAE and fragmentary specimens of a species of AZnus are Pterocarya nigella (Heer) Wolfe, new combination also known from the Kenai. Because of this diversity of the family and the stratigraphic significance of the Plate 3, figure 3 various species, the following key to the named species Jriglans nigella Heer, 18G9, Flora fossilis arctica, r. 2, pt. 2, p. 38, pl. 9, figs. 24. is presented :

A. Leaves with teeth in groups (lobations) B. Base decurrent along petiole C. Nervilles 7 or 8 per cm D. Secondaries15 or more pairs------AZnus evidms D. Secondaries 12 or less pairs E. Teeth sharp------A. cappsi E. Teeth narrowly to broadly rounded F. Three or less secondary teeth wr lobation ...... A. covylina F. Some lobations with at least four secondary teeth ...... A. incaaa C. Nervilles 5 or 6 per cm G. Apex abruptly acute------A. barnesi G. Apex acuminate H. Lobations with or without one secondary tooth on apical side...... A. adumbrata H. Some lobation8swith two secondary teeth on apical side------A. schmidtae B16 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

A. Leaves with teeth in groups (1obations)-Continued B. Base not decurrent along petiole I. Lobations rounded in outline J. Teeth apiculate K. Teeth narrowly triangular------Carpinus alaskana K. Teeth broadly triangular ...... G. seldwiana J. Teeth notapiculate------C. cobbi I. Lobations triangular in outline 1,. Teeth very extended, secondary veins forking------CoryZus harrirnani L. Teeth not or only moderately extended, secondary veins smoothly curving M. Teeth typically reflexed basally ...... C. chuitensis Rf. Teeth typically pointing toward apex N. Teeth in central part of margin more than six per secondary vein ------Betula sublutea N. Teeth in central part of margin six or less per secondary vein ...... B. papyrifera A. Leaves without lobations 0. Secondary teeth rounded------A. fairi 0. Secondary teeth sharp P. Secondary teeth spino~------A. healyensis P. Secondary teethtriangular------. A. Zargei

Alnus largei (Knowlton) Wolfe, new combination valid, Knowlton's Betula largei a70uld be the senior Plate 7, figure 5 ; figure 2 synonym. Betula? largei Knowlton, 1926 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Occumence: Seldovian: 9850, 9856, 9864. Paper 140, p. 34, pl. 17, fig. 2. Hypotypes: USNM 42211, 42273. Berry, 1929, U.S. Gwl. Survey Prof. Paper 154, p. 244, pl. 50. fig. 12. Alnus relatus (Knowlton) Brown, 1937 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 186, p. 170, pl. 49, figs. 3, 4, 6. Wolfe, 1964, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 454-N, p. N20, pl. 1, fig. 13. Prunus rustii auct. non Knowlton. Berry, 1929, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 15.4, p. 252, pl. 55, fig. 1. Retula faim'i auct. non KnowIton. Brown, 1937 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 186, p. 171, pl. 47, figs. 6, 7. Discussion.-On the basis of all foliar features observed, the Alaskan specimens from the Seldovian are conspecific with forms from the Northwest synonymized above. Particularly characteristic of Ainus Zargei are the recurved ultimate veinlets, attenuated apex, numerous large sharp teeth, and the presence of a subsidiary tooth on the basal flank of the tooth entered by the most basal tertiary branch of each secondary vein. The last feature may not be present in the apical part of the leaf but is in the bad half. Late Miocene specimens referred to A. relatus (Chaney and Axelrod, 1959, p. 159) lack the subsidiary tooth, have narrowly rounded teeth, and the craspedodrome veins enter the teeth along the apical side ; considering these differences, these specimens are here excluded from A. largei. The epithet "relatm," originally applied to PhyZZites relatus Knowlton (1926, p. 48, pl. 28, fig. 8), has been widely used by several authors for alder lea-ves of the A. Zargei-type. The type of P. relatus is poorly preserved and fragmentary ; the ultimate venation, the marginal area in the lower half of the leaf, and the base are lacking. P. relatus is, therefore, considered to be a FIGURE2.-Venation of Alnus largei (Knowl.) Wolfe. USNM 42273, nomen nuclum. Even if the epithet \\-ere considered locality 9850. A, x 24. B, x 5. PLANTS

Alnus fairi (Knowlton) Wolfe, new combination Alnus healyensis Wolfe, new. name Plate 7, tigure 3 ; figure 3 Plate 7, figure 4; figme 4 Retula fairii Knowlton, 1926, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Artocarpidium alaskanunz Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Sur- 140, p. 33, pl. 17, fig. 4. rey Prof. Paper 182, p. 108, pl. 59, fig. 5. Celastrus fernquisti Knowlton, 1926, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Qucrcus vrcgon iana auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Paper 140, p. 44, pl. 28, fig. 2. Geol. Survey Pmf. Paper 182, p. 103, pl. 50, fig. 5. AZnus prerhombifolia Berry, 1929, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 1.54, p. 244, pl. 50, fig. 11. X~~plenzentarydescription.-leaves simple pinnate ; Garpinites truncatus Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper shape oval to obovate; base cuneate, decurrent along 182, p. 85, pl. 49, fig. 2. petiole; apex acuminate; length 3.8-9.1 cm; width 1.7- CoryZus macquarrii auct. non (Forbes) Heer. Heer, 1869 [part], Flora fossilis Alaskana, p. 29, pl. 4, fig. 6. 4.5 cm; 8-11 pairs of irregularly spaced secondary Betula prisca auct. non Ettingsham. Heer, 1869, Flora fos- veins, departing at an angle of 20"-70"; straight to silis Alaskana, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 3, 6. broadly convex, craspedodrome; giving off two or three Discussio.n.-The type specimens of Betula fa+i hare craspedrome tertiary branches basally; nervilles arcu- narrowly rounded subsidiary teeth, broad primary teeth, ate, percurrent on the apical side of a secondary but and ultimate veinlets that typically branch once or not percurrent on the basal side; areoles about 1.0 mm twice. These specimens are, therefore, not Betula leaves across, irregularly polygonal, intruded by twice- or but are those of Alnus. The specimens referred to 8. thrice-branching thin veinlets; margin serrate to den- fairi by Chaney and Axelrod (1959, p. 160) have sharp tate; primary teeth broadly triangular, often reflexed teeth and a sharp apical bend of the secondary veins on basally; secondary teeth small, sharp; petiole at least entering the teeth; on the basis of the% characters, 0.5 cm long. Chaney and Axelrod's specimens are indeed Betuln. Discussion.-Some of the Latah specimens referred to another characteristic of A. fairi is the broadly acute Aha8 rekta possess very sharp (almost spinose) small spsx, which contrasts with the attenuated apex of A. ?cx.rgei. Occurrefice: Seldovian : 9365,9858. Hypotype: USNM 36994,42210,42274.

FIGURE3.-Venation of Alnus fairi (Knowl.) Wolfe. A, USNhI 42274, locality 7875 (Latah Formation) X 24. B, USNM 36994 (Latah Formation), holotype of Celastrus FIGURE4.- Venation of Alnue healyenais Wolfe. USNM 42209, locality fernquisti X 5. 9850. A,X7. B,X5. C,X24. B18 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA and recurved secondary teeth and large areoles intruded tooth being considerably larger than the secondary by ultimate veinlets that branch once or, more typically, tooth. In addition, the lobations have a more rounded twice. In addition, these specimens lack a subsidiary outline, an extreme form of which is illustrated (pl. 8, tooth on the basal flank of lower secondary teeth. figs. 1, 4). In number of secondary veins, the two Thus, these specimens are readily distinguished from species are aIso readily distinguished: A. evidens typi- typical A. largei but are similar to one of the specimens cally has at least 15 pairs, and A. cuppsi has 12 or less described by Hollick as Artocarpidiurn aZasTcanum. pairs. Because the epithet "alaskana" has been previously Rounding of the lobations is even more conspicuous applied to Alnus, the new epithet "healyensis" is in leaves of A. corylina, and this apparently led the proposed. artist who illustrated the types to ignore the small secondary teeth. On some specimens, the secondary teeth Occzcrrence: Sddovian : 9365, 9845, 9850, 9856, 9858, 9937 Lectotype: USNM 38900. are considerably reduced in relation to the primary Hypotypes: USNM 38851,42209. teeth, and the primary teeth are typically rounded. In the two older species, the leaves typically lack a tooth Alnus evidens (Rollick) Wolfe, new combination on the apical side of the primary teeth, although this Plate 5, figures 3,4 ; figure 5 tooth is more common in A. cappsi than in A. evidens. In A. corylim this apical subsidiary tooth is almost Corylus evidcns Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper always present. 182, p. 86, pl. 49, fig. 3. In leaves of A. ineana of Clamgulchian and Recest Discussion.-Three species allied to the Recent ,illnus age, the lobations are even more deeply incised. The incam, as well as A. incana itself, are represented in the apical sides of the primary teeth consistently have at Kenai Formation. The stratigraphic relation of the least one and typically two subsidiary teeth, particularly two Seldovian species of this phylad are not certainly on lobations at the widest part of the laminae. The known, although the rest of the flora as well as the leaf bases of A. incana tend to be rounded to acute, as morphologic characters of A. cappsi indicate that it is opposed to the rounded to cordate shape of leaf bases of intermediate between A. evidens and the Homerian A. A. corylinn. In addition, the typical leaf shape is oval corylina. In the Clamgulchian, the phylad is repre- in A. imma but is ovate in A. corylina. sented by A. incann. Occurrence: Seldovian : 8380?, 9359, 9364, 9761, 9863?, 9865?, A species related to AZnus evidelns occurs in Oligocene 9866,9887. rocks on Sitkinak Island and in the Gulf of Alaska Hypotypes: USNM 42275, 42276. coastal section. This species may be conspecific with A. alaslcana Newb., originally described from the Oligocene of Admiralty Island ; Newberry's type specimen is poorly preserved, and the other Oligocene specimens in hand are referred to A. sp., cf. A. alaskamcn pending description and designation of an adequate type. This Oligocene species has a consistently cordate base, closely spaced secondary veins, and the teeth are of equal size u~ithoutgrouping into lobations. Leaves of A. evidens are typically asymmetric and have a broadly rounded or cordate base and an acuminate apex. The teeth are triangular and of nearly equal size, although they are grouped as lobations. The number of secondary teeth is typically two or three, although on the enlarged part of asymmetric laminae, four teeth may be present; on the basal size of the lowest secondary tooth on some lobations, a subsidiary tooth may be present. The leaves of A. cappsi are similar to those of A. evidens in shape of lamina, number of secondary teeth, and presence of a subsidiary tooth. The lobations of FIGURE5.-Venation of Alms evidem (Holl.) Wolfe. USNM 38844, locality A. cappsi are, however, more pronounced, the primary 3517 (Kukak Bay). X 5. PLANTS B 19

Alnus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination Qucrcus olafscni auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sur- vey Prof. Paper 182, p. 99, pl. 52, fig. 3. Plate 6, figures 1, 4; plate 7, figures 2, 6; figure 6 Quercus steenstr~hpianaauct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], Crataegus cappsi Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 100, pl. 52, fig. 5b. 182, p. 86, pl. 49, fig. 3. Alnus harneyana Chaney and Axelrod, 1959 [part], Carnegie AZnus iljinskiae Vcherashnjaja, 1964, Paleontologicheskii Zhur- Inst. Washington Pub. 617, p. 158, pl. 21, figs. 4-9. nal, Akad. Nauk SSSR, no. 3, p. 96, p1. 11, fig. 1 ; text fig. 1. Discussion.-Although Lesquereux's illustrations of Crataegus gracilens auct. non MacGinitie. Chaney and Axelrod, the types of Quercus dalli show leaves that have appar- 1959 [part], p. 184, pl. 37, fig. 2. ently simple lobations, the types themselves have sec- Discussion.-The fragmentary type illustrated by ondary teeth similar to the specimens illustrated here. Vcherashnjaja as Alnus iljiwkiae is from Oligocene or Such compoundly serrate leaves are found in Betulaceae early Miocene beds in the Aldan River basin of eastern but not in Fagaceae. Leaves of Alnus are most similar Siberia; considering the stratigraphic distribution of to the fossils in having a cordate base decurrent along A. cappsi, the age of these beds is probably Miocene. the petiole and rounded lobations. Vcherashnjaja also pointed out that the Mascall speci- Specimens recently described as Alnus harneyam dis- men of Crutcxegua grucilens is conspecific with her spe- play the same rounded lobations and blunt primary cies, which is here considered a junior synonymn of A. teeth as A. corylinu. In all other details observed, A. cappsi. harneyana and A. corylina are conspecific. Occurrence: Seldovian: 6063, 9365, 9846, 9858, 9867, 9937. Occurre+zce: Homerian: 4129-4131, 9361, 9844, 9851, 9852?, Hypotypes: USNM 42205,42206,42259,42260. 9853,9868. USNM Alnus corylina Knowlton and Cockerel1 Hypotypes: 42207,42208. Plate 6, figures 2,5; figure 7 Alnus barnesi Wolfe, n. sp. Alnus coryzina Knowlton and Cockerell, 1919, U.S. Geol. Sur- Plate 5, figure 5, 7 ; figure 8 vey Bull. 696, p. 63. Alnus coryzifolia Lesquereux, 1883, U.S. Natl. Rlus. Proc., v. 5, Description.--Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly p. 446, pl. 7, figs. 1-4. oval to ovate; base cordate, asymmetric, decurrent along Quercus daZli Lesquereux, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 5, p. 446, pl. petiole; apex abruptly acute; length 3.5 to (estimated) 8, figs. 2-5. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 103, pl. 52, fig. 4. Corylus adumbrata Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 86, pl. 47, fig. 6; pl. 49, figs. 5, 6. Fagus alnitifolia Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 97, pl. 52, fig. 5a. Retula prisca auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 91, pl. 52, fig. 2.

FIGURE$.-Venation of Alnus corylina and A. incana. A-C, A. corylina Knowl. and Cock., USNM 42207, locality 9844; D, A. FIGURE6.-Venation of Alnus cappsi (Holl.) Wolfe. A, USNM 42205. incana (L) Moench, USGS reference collection 886. A, D, B, USNM 42259. Locality 9365. X 4. x 5. B, x 10. a, x 3. R 2,0 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

8.0 cm ; width 3.0-7.2 cm ; 8-13 pairs of secondary veins, jacent Wrangell Mountains coincide with those of Gor- departing at an angle of 40"-90°, broadly convex to man (in Hultkn, 1944, p. 589) : A crispa is confined to straight, giving off one of three craspedodrome tertiary th higher altitudes (1,700 ft and above) and drier branches basally, craspedodrome; nervilles percurrent, ground; A. sinuata is found at lower altitudes and is branching, uniformly spaced ; areoles irregularly polyg- most common on the bottomlands of the Cihitina River onal, about 0.4 mm across, intruded by once- or twice- and its tributaries. The more elongate teeth, deeply branching veinlets; margin finely serrate with groups cordate base, consistent presence of two apical sub- of teeth forming lobations; typically without any sec- sidiary teeth, and more numerous subsidiary teeth on ondary teeth on apical side of lobation, but rarely one is the basal sides of the secondary teeth are features that present ; teeth narrowly or t,ypically broadly rounded ; are probably of specific rank. It seems probable that petiole at least 2.0 cm. long. the two species or subspecies were both derived from Discussion.-Representatives of three species related A. schmidtae in the latest Neogene. to the extant Ahus mkpa have been found in the Kenai This species is named in recognition of the notable Formation. Tlhe oldest of thelse, A. barsesi, is known contributions made by F. F. Barnes to the geology of from two localities in the Seldovian, and even there it the Cook Inlet region. is poorly represented. The characters that distinguish A. barnesi from the Homerian A. adumbrata are: (1) Occurrence: Seldovian : 9937, 9845, 9886. Holotype: USNM 42202, 42277. The abruptly acute apex in the older species and th~, acuminate apex in A. adumbrata, (2) the typical lack of a subsidiary tooth on the apical sides of the primary teeth in A. barnesi, and (3) the more deeply incised lobations in A. adumbrata. The last two difference~scan probably be correlated with each other; that is, on the apical side of a deeply incised lobation there is room for a subsidiary tooth. One specimen of A. barnesi also has considerably blunter teeth than any specimen of the more abundant A. adumbrata, but most specimens of the two species overlap in this feature. The Clamgulchian AZw schmidtae is intermediate in foliar characters ,between A. adzcmbrata and A. crispa. In A. admbrata, the four most apical lobations Iaok secondary teeth, but in A. schmdtae and A. crispa secondary teeth are present. The laminar shape in both A. adumbrata and A. schmidtae is oval; it is typically ovate in the Recent species. All three species have at least one apical subsidiary tooth, although in some specimens of A. schmidtae and A. crispa subsp. sinuata, two apical subsidiary teeth are present. A. adumbrata lacks subsidiary teeth on the basal sides of the secondary teeth, but these are present in A. schmidtae and A. crispa. Perhaps the most conspicuous difference between A. cm'spa and all the older specias of its phylad is in the nervilles: although the nervilles anastomose and #branchin the older species, they are of uniform strength throughout their course. In A. crispa, the nervilles, particularly those in the basal third of the lamina, thin conspicuously in the center of the intercostal area. Hulthn (1944, p. 587) considered A. sinwta to be a subspecies of the more widely distributed A. crispa. He noted, however, that the two subspecies may have

different topographic ranges and ecologic requirements. FIGURE8.-Venation of Alnus barm8i Wolfe. A, My observations in the Chitina River valley and ad- USNM 42202 ; B, U,SNM 42277 ; locality 9845. X 5. PLANTS B2 1

Alnus adumbrata (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination Alnus kef ersteinii auct. non Goeppert. Heer, 1869 [part], Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 7. Figure 9 Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly Corylus adumbrata Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. oval to ovate; base cordate to broadly rounded, asym- Paper 182, p. 86,111.49, fig. 7. Corglus kenaiana Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper metric, decurrent along petiole ; apex acuminate; length 182, p. 87, pl. 45, figs. 1-3a; pl. 46, figs. lb-5; pl. 47, 3.2-10.4 cm; width 1.6-7.7 cm; 10-15 pairs of uniformly figs. 1-5. spaced secondary veins, departing at an angle of 40"- Carpinus grandis auct. non Unger. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. 90°, straight to broadly convex, giving off two or three Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 84, pl. 49, fig. 1. prominent craspedodrome tertiaries basally, craspedo- Corylus americana fossilis auct. non Newberry. Hollick, 1936 [pant], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 86, pl. 45, drome; nervilles percurrent, branching, uniformly fig. 3b ; pl. 48, figs. l,2. spaced; aeroles irregularly polygonal, about 0.4 mm Bctula prisca auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936 [part], across, intruded by once or twice-(branching veinlets; U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 91, pl. 50, fig. 3a. margin finely serrate with groups of teeth forming Alnus corylina auct. non Knowlton and Cockerell. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Gwl. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 93, p1. 46, fig. la ; pl. 49, figs. 8, 9; pl. 50, fig. 1. Ulmus borealis auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 106, pl. 57, figs. 1, 2. D&cussim.-All the above items intergrade morpho- logically and are here considered to be synonymous. AZnus adurnbrata has leaves that are typically strongly cordate and asymmetric, although as characteristic of Alnu,s, the lamina is decurrent along the petiole. Occurrence: Hornerian: 4130, 5821, 9361, 9844?, 9851, 9853, 9868. Hypotupe: USNM 38831,38832.

FIGURE8.-~Venation of Alnus adumbrata (Holl.) Wolfe. A, C, USNRI 38832. B, USNM 38831, locality 5821. A, B, X 5. C, x 10.

Alnus schmidtae Wolfe, n. sp. Plate 5, figure 1; figure 10 Cor~/ZftsNacQuarrii auct. non (Forbes) Heer. FIGURE 10.-Venation of Alnus schmidtae and A. crispa. A, A. schmid- Keer, 1869 [part], tae U'olfe, USNM 42203, locality 8862. B, A. crispa (Pursh) Ait., Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 9; pl. 4, figs. 14. 17SGS reference collection 884. X 5. 796-7Q20---3 B22 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA lobations; in widest part of leaf typically two secondary mated) I1 cm; width 2.1-5.0 cm; 14-16 pairs of regu- teeth on apical side of lobation ; teeth narrowly rounded larly spaced secondary veins, departing at an angle of to broadly triangular; petiole at least 1.5 cm long. 50"-90°, straight to broadly convex, craspedodrome, Di,~cusxion.-Heer's figures cited above do not show giving off two to five pairs of craspedodrome tertiaries secondary teeth on the apical side of the lob at' ions. basally; ner-rilles closely spaced, branching, percur- Specimens from the same stratigraphic interval that rent; areoles quadrangular or \pentagonal, intruded by were collected in 1955. however, do have these teeth; unbranching or once-branching veinlets ; margin com- their laclr in Heer's somewhat crude drawings is prob- poundly serrate, with lobations rounded in outline; :tbly not significant. five or six teeth per lobation at widest part of lamina, I take pleasure in naming this species for R. A. M. typically with one tooth on apical side of lobation; Schmidt, who has assisted in the collection of the Kenai teeth broadly triangular and pronouncedly apiculate. flora. Discussion.-Carpinus cappsens& is closely related Occzirrencc: Clamgulchian: 9360, 9855, 9859, 9860, 9862. to (7. seldoviana, and superficially some specimens of Holotype: IJSNM 42203. the two species appear identical. The presence of api- Purutype: USNM 42204. cal teeth on the lobations, and the conspicuously apiculate teeth in C. cappsensis are constant and distinguish- Carpinus cappsensis Wolfe, n. sp. ing features. Plate 6, figure 3 ; figure 11, A-C The apical teeth are probably an ancestral character Cor~lusnlacquarrii auct. non (Forbes) Heer. Knowlton, 1904, in this phylad; these teeth are present in middle or Harriman Alaskan Exped., p. 133. late Oligocene specimens of a closely related species Alnus corylifolia auct. non Lesquereux. Knowlton, 1904, Har- from Sitkinak Island. riman Alaskan Exped., p. 155. Occurrence: Seldovian: 8380, 9359, 9364, 9845, 9M6, 98M? Description.-Leaves, simple, pinnate; shape oval; Hobtype: USNM 42213. base deeply cordate ; apex acuminate ; length 3.5 to (esti- Paratypes: USNM 30185, 30189.

FIGURE11.-Venatlon of Garphnus. A-G, G. cappsensis Wolfe USNM 42213, locality 9845. D, C. seldoviana Wolfe, USNhI 42212, locality 0858. E. G. cobbi Wolfe, USNM 42214, locality 9361. A, D, E, X 5. B, X 3. C, X 10. PLANTS B23

Carpinus seldoviana Wolfe, n. sp. Corylus harrimani Knowlton

Plate 6, figure 6 ; figure 11D Figure 124 Corylus JIacQuarrii auct. tlon (Forbes) Heer. Heer, 1869 Corylus harrimani Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan Exped., [part], Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 6-8. p. 154, pl. 23, fig. 1. Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broaclly Corylus? palaehei Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan Exped., p. 154, pl. 22, fig. 2 ; pl. 28, fig. 1. oval to obovate asymmetric; base deeply cordate; apex Pterospermites magnifolia Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan acuminate; length 6.0-10.0 cm, with 4.8-9.2 cm; 12-22 Exped., p. 156, pl. 31. pairs of uniformly spaced secondary veins, departing Ptcrospermites alaskana Kn'owlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan at an angle of 40"-130°, broadly coilvex or straight, Exped., p. 156, pl. 26, fig. 2 ; pl. 32. giving off two to four craspedodrome tertiary branches Crafacgus alaskensis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. basally, craspedodrome; nervilles closely spaced, Paper 182, p. 125, pl. 71,fig. 5. branching, percurrent ; areoles quadrangular or pen- Discussion.-All the specimens united above have the tagonal, intruded by unbranching or once-bmnching same tendency towards irregular and forking secondary veinlets; margin uniformly and compoundly serrate, venation, very apiculate teeth, and a typically rounded with broadly apiculate teetli. base. The very large specimens described as Corylus Discuasio.n.-Carpinw seldoviana is most similar to harrimani aiid Pterospermites are probably leaves from the extant C. erosu Blume, which has leaves with a sucker shoots, whereas the specimens described as C.? cordate base and apiculate teetli somewhat similar to pcrlachei are more typical of the species. the fossils. Leaves of the two species differ in the more Occzirrenee: Seldovian : 8380?,9359 numerous alld closely spaced secondaries of the fossils. Hypotype: USNM 30069. Occurrence: Seldovian : 9856, 9858. Corylus chuitensis Wolfe, n. sp. Holotype: USNM 42212. Plate 5, figures 2,6 ; figure 12B Carpinus cobbi Wolfe, n. sp. BetuZa confzisa lata Hollic-k, 1936, V.S. Gwl. Survey Prof. Paper Plate 6, figure 7 ; figure 11E 182, p. 91, p1.52, fig. 1. Alnus alaskana auct. non Newberry. Hollick, 1936 [part]. T.S. Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval; Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p1.51, fig. 8. base broadly rounded to cordate; apex acuminate; Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly length 3.2-11.1 cm; width 2.7-7.5 cm; 10-13 pairs of oval ; base deeply cordate ; apex acuniiilate ; length 7.2- secondaries, departing at an angle of 40"-90°, straight 12.0 cm, width 5.0-7.5 cm; 12-16 pairs of secondary to broadly convex, craspedodrome, giving off one to four veins, departing at an angle of 40"-110°, broadly con- craspedodrome tertiary branches basally; nervilles vex, giving off two or three crasl~edodrometertiary branching, percurrent ; margin compoundly serrate, branches basally, craspedodrome ; neroilles closely with 6-15 teetli per secondary at widest part of lamina ; spaced, branching, percurrent ; areoles quadrangular or primary teetll broadly triangular and apiculate or nar- pentagonal; intruded by unbranchiiig or once-branching veinlets; margin compoundly serrate to dentate, with primary teeth broadly apiculate and secondaries narrowly to broadly triangular; petiole at least 3.0 cm long. Discussion.-Although leaves of Carpinus cobbi closely resemble those of C. seldoviana, there are significant differences. Leaves of the latter species have teeth of about equal size and shape, aiid the teetll are typically serrate. C. cobbi has teeth that are very unequal in size and shape, and many of the teeth are dentate. C. seldoviana also has a more deeply cordate base, and most of the specimens have more numerous secondaries. Curpinus cobbi is named for E. H. Cobb, in recopni- tion of his valuable contributions to the geology of the Homer district. Oceurrcnee: Homerian : 4130, 9361. FIGURE12.-Venation of Corylus. A, G. harrimani Knowlton, USNM Holotype: USNM 42214. 30069. B, G. chuitensis Wolfe, USNM 42258, locality 9844. X 5. B24 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA ro~vlyrounded; subsidiary teeth broadly triangular and pointing toward margin; numerous intersecondariee, npiculate ; petiole at least 2.0 cm long. parallel to secondaries; margin compoundly serrate, Discussion.-Leaves of Corylus chuitensis are similar with sharp, narrowly triangular teeth, V-shaped to the leaves of 0. harrimani, and the two species are sinuses, conspicuous subsidiary tooth on apical side of probably related phylogenetically. C. chuitensis differs primary tooth ; apetiolulate. from the latter species by having more regular second- Discmussion.-This foliage is one of the most charac- ary venation, a more rounded and typically cordate teristic and easily recognizable types in the Homerian. base, and less apiculate teeth. Moreover, C. chuitensis Spiraea hophimi closely resembles the extant S. lacks subsidiary teeth on the apical side of the primary ZindZeyana Wall. in all major features of the leaflets. In teeth. detail, however, the two species differ considerably in Occurrence: Homerian : 5820,9361,9844,9868. the natu.re of the nervilles, which are percurrent in 8. Holotype: USNM 42257. lindleyana, and in the relationship of the teeth and Paratype: USNM 42258,38862. sinuses. In the extant form, the sinuses appear as simple slits rather than being V-shaped as in the fossils. This species is named in recognition of the invaluable Cocculus auriculata (Heer) Wolfe, new combination assistance D. M. Hopkins has rendered to the study of Plate 7, figure 1 the Kenai flora. Hedera auriculata Heer, 1869, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 2, no. 2, Occurrence: Hamerian: 4129, 4131, 9361, 9366, 9844, 9853, p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 6. 9868. Populus heteromospha Knowlton, 1926, U.S. Ged. Survey Prof. Holotgpe: USNM 42225. Paper 140, p. 30, pl. 12, iigs. 8-10; pl. 13, figs. 1-7 ; pl. 14, Paratgpe: USNM 42226. figs. 1-3 ; pl. 15, figs. 3-5. Cocculus hatermnrpha (Knowlton) Brown, 1946, Washington Spiraea weaveri Hollick Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 36, p. 352. (See synonymy.) Plate 8, figure 4 Tanai, 1961, Hokkaido Univ. Fac. Sci. Jour., ser. IV, p. 324, pl. 21, fig. 7. Spiraea, wcaveri Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, Discussion.-Comparisons between leaves of He&ra p. 124, pl. 70, fig. 7. auriculata from the beds near Seldovia with leaves of Dismsion.-The generic reference of Hollick's type Cocculm heteromorpha, from several localities in the seems to be valid. The more recent collections from the conterminous United States indicate that the two Homer section contain an abundance of Spiraea weaveri, groups are conspecific. The specimens from the Miocene and at several localities leaves of this species represent of Japan do not shorn any features distinguishing them more than 90 percent of the fossils collected. The range from C. auriculuta. Thus, a probable distribution of variation in regard to number of teeth and secondary around the shores of the North Pacific is indicated for veins is considerable. The specimens from Houston, C. auricwlata during the early and middle Miocene. Alaska, are questionably referred to this species, for Several leaves of Coccuh auricu,Zataare also present they have consistently small and few teeth and may in a small collection from the coal-bearing formation of represent an ancestral form. the Alaska Range. Xpiraeu zoeaveri is closely related to an extant Alas- Occurrence: Seldovian : 9856,9858. kan species, S. beauuerdiana Schn. Leaves of the latter Hypotype: USNM 42278. species differ by having acute sinuses, whereas the ROSACEAE sinuses in S. weaveri are typically narrowly arcuate. Spiraea hopkinsi Wolfe, n. sp. Occurrence: Seldovian: 9365. Homerian: 4131, 9361, 9366, 9851,9853. Clamgulchian : 9855. Plate 8, figure 2 Hypotype: USNM 42222. L71mus soflbifolia auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1936 [-part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 106, pl. 57, figs. 4, 5. Description.-Leaf compound, pinnate; terminal Cladrastis japonica (Tanai and Suzuki) Wolfe, new combination leaflets broadly ovate; petiolule 2.0 cm long; lateral Plate 8, figure 3 leaflets narrowly ovate, 3.5-9.5 cm long; 2.0-3.0 cm wide : base asvmmetric. cuneate : aDex acuminate : 17- Nyssa japmica Tanai and Suzuki, 1963, Tertiary floras of I L 24 pairs of broadly convex to straight secondary veins Japan: Miocene floras, p. 146, pl. 24, figs. 1, 2, 5. Cladrastis animsis Huzioka, 1963, Tertiary floras of Japan : departing at an angle of 50"-70°, giving off typically Miocene floras, p. 205, pl. 35, figs. 5,6. three tertiary veins basally; secondaries and tertiaries Tanai and Suzuki. 1963. Tertiary floras of Japan: Miocene crnspedodrome ; iiervilles obcurrent, forming chevrons I floras, p. 132, pl. 23, figs. 1, 7. PLANTS hfagnolia miocenica auct. non Hu and Chaney. Tanai and Su- CORNACEAE zuki, 1963, Tertiary floras of Japan : Miocene floras, p. 146 Cornus sp. [part], pl. 24, fig. 5. Discussion.-All the specimens on which the above Plate 8, figure 1 citations are based have several characters in common : Discussion.-The Kenai fossils may be conspecific a broadly oval shape ; acute to narrowly rounded base ; with Tanai's NeoZitsea japolzica (Tanai, 1961, p. 337), narrowly rounded apex; 11-14 pairs of parallel second- but neither his figure nor description are adequate for ary veins that, at the base, typically have a concave comparison. The Kenai material is not Lauraceae, as curvature towards the base; widely spaced percurrent indicated by the thin obcurrent nervilles. The pro- nervilles; camptodrome secondary veins that loop close fusely branching, freely ending veinlets, numerous in- to the margin; one series of tertiary loops; an entire tersecondaries, few secondaries, and nervilles typically margin; and short (less than 0.2 cm) petiolules. In perpendicular to the midrib indicate a close relation- Nyssa and particularly in N. apuatica with which N. ship to several extant species of-Cornus. japonica was compared, the leaves typically have a pe- Occurrence: Homerian : 9361,9844,9868. tiole more than 2 cm long, widely spaced and undulating Spccime~t: USNM 42221. secondary veins, and at least two series of tertiary loops. All the variations shown by the Japanese material can ERICACEAE be matched in a suite of leaves from locality 9844. Al- Rhododendron weaveri (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination though the epithet "aniensis" is cited on page 132 of Plate 8, figures 7, 8 Tanai and Suzuki (1963), the epithet is not validated until page 205 of Huzioka (1963). The epithet "japm- Lepargyraca ~ceazleri Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 155, pl. 93, fig. 5. ica" thus takes priority because it was first validated Benzoin antiquum auct. non Heer. IZollick, 1936 [part], U.S. on page 146 of Tanai and Suzuki (1963). Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 110, pl. 65, fig. 5. Chdrastis japonica resembles the exbant C. Zutea in Discussion.-The holotype of Rhododendron. weaveri shape of leaflets and gross venation pattern. The pri- is not well preserved, but from its characteristics, it mary difference between the two species is in the ulti- appears to be conspecific with the material of Rhodo- mate venation ; the areoles in C. Zutea leaflets are 0.4-0.5 dendron from the Chuitna River Homerian. On the mm across and are intruded by unbranching or once- basis of the often obovate shape, high angle of departure branching veinlets. The Chuitna River specimens of of the secondary veins, and the uniformly conspicuous C. japonica have areoles that, are 0.5-0.7 mm across and secondary loops, R. weaveri is referrable to the subgenus are intruded by once- or twice-branching veinlets. Azaka. Occurrence: Seldovian : 9845. Homerian : 9361?, 9844. The fossil species most similar to Rhododendron Hypotype: USNM 42223. toeaveri is "Vaccinium" sophoroides (Berry) Brown ACERACEAE from the middle Miocene Latah Formation of Washing- Acer ezaanum Oishi and Huzioka ton. The Alaskan leaves are typically more linear and Plate 8, figure 6 have more numerous secondaries than V. sophoroides, Acer e#oanum Oishi and Huzioka, 1M3, Hokkaido Imperial which should be referred to Rhododendron. Univ, Fac. Sci. Jour., ser. 4, v. 7, p. 89, pl. 10, figs. 14; Occurrmce: Homerian : 4131,9844,9853. pl. 11, figs. 14 ; pl. 12, fig. 2. Hyptotypes: USNM 42227,42228. Tanai and Suzuki, 1960, Hokkaido Univ. Fac. Sci. Jour., ser. 4, v. 10, p. 556, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2 ; pl. 2, figs. 1, 2 ; pl. 3, Vaccinium homerensis Wolfe, new name figs. 14 ; pl. 9, figs. 20-25. (See synonymy.) Plate 8, figure 5 Discussion.-The occurrence of Acer ezoanus,t in Grevillea alaskam Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper Alaska is noteworthy because of its common occurrence 182, p. 111, pl. 30, figs. 3-5. in early and middle Miocene floras in Japan. hlany of Elaeocarpus alaskensis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. the Japanese fossils referred to this species have been Paper 182, p. 143, p1. 80, fig. 5. described and illustrated, and the Alaskan material falls Benzoin antiquzcnt auct. non Heer. Hdlick, 1936 [part], U.S. well within the ranges of variation ascribed to 11. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 119, pl. 65, figs. 24. ezomum. Many of the Aaskan leaves have rudimen- Discussion.-The irregularity of secondary venation, tary sixth and seventh lobes, but some of the Japanese presence of some nervilles that parallel the midrib, and specimens figured by Tanai and Suzuki also have this coriaceous texture indicate that these leaves are repre- feature. sentatives of either Ledurn or Vaccinium. In the former Occurrence: Seldovian : 9848,9858. genus, the leaves have a pronounced marginal roll to- Hypotupc: USNM 42224. ward the underside, but this character is lacking in the B26 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA fossils. Hence, these fossils are transferred to Vac- 5820 Bluff Point, 7 miles west of Homer, "80 ft. below ciniunz. Bradley coal" according to the specimen label, The epithet alaskensis, an orthographic variant of but B'. '. Barnes infornls us that the Cooper coal bed is the only named coal bed present at a2ask.ana, has been used previously in Vaccinium; hence Bluff Point. Seldovia (C-,5) quad. Homerian. a new name is proposed. Stone and Stanton, 1904. Occurrence: Homerian : 4131,5821,9361,9844,9853. 6821------Talus on beach at Bluff Point about 1% miles Hypotypc: USNM 42229. west of Cook Inlet Coal Field Company's mine. Seldovia (C-3) quad. Homerian. Stone and FOSSIL-PLANT LOCALITIES Stanton, 1904. 6061 ------2.5 miles southwest of Point Naskowhak. Sel- Description of some fossil-plant localities in the Chiokaloon. dovia (B-5) quad. Seldovian. Martin, 1911. E'ormation 60%------From Cache Creek, 1.5 miles above Cache Creek USGS Paleo- botany locality Description of locality, collector, and year (if known) Mining Company's camp. Talkeetna (B-2) quad. Seldovian. Capps, 1911. 5892 ------Lat 61°40.3' N., long 149O03.5' W. North side of 60G6 ------.Mills Creek Basin, Chicago Gulch. Talkeetna Alaska Railroad cut on north side of Matanuska (B4) quad. Seldovian. Capps, 1911. River. About 1,500 ft above base of formation. 8380 ------.Lat 61'41' N., long 149'08' W. Core material. Anchorage (C-6) quad. Martin, 1910 ; Hopkins Anchorage (C-6) quad. Seldovian. Waring and Wolfe, 1962. and Davidson, 1932. 9870------Lat 61°42.6' N., long 149"05' W. At new cut at 9359 ------.Lat 61°42.1' N., long 149O05.6' W. West side of vf old Baxter mine on east side Moose Creek Tsadaka Canyon. Anchorage ((3-6) quad. valley. Premier coal group. Anchorage (C- Seldovian. Barnes. Bender, and Brown. 1953 ; 6) quad. Holpkins and Wolfe, 1962. Hopkins and Wdfe, 1962. 9871 Lat 61°45.2' N., long 148O52.9' W. Hanging wall 93GO ------Lat W"01.8' N., long 151°42.1' W. 0.75 mile of strip pit topographically high in Mrak mine. south of mouth of Deep Creek. Kenai (A-5) Stratigraphically below 9872. Anchorage (D- quad. Clamgulchian. Render and Brown, 6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 1955. 9872 Lat 61°44.9' N., long 148O53.5' W. Hanging wall 9361------. Lat 59'39.4' N., long 151°26.3' W. Sen cliff of strip pit topographically lower than 9871 in about 1 mile south of Millers Landing. Sel- Mrak mine. Stratigraphically above 9871. dovia (C4) quad. Homerian. Barnes, Anchorage (M)quad. Hnpkins and Wolfe, Bender, and Brown, 1955; Wolfe, 1962. 1962. 9873------. Lat 61°44.8' N., long 148O52.8' W. Hanging wall 9364 ------.Lat 61'39.8' N., long 149O27.9' W. On Coal of strip pit topographically lower than 9872 Creek. Anchorage (C-7) quad. Seldovian. in Mrak mine. Stratigraphically above 9872. Barnes, Bender, and Brown, 1955. Anchorage (C-6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 93G5 ------.Lat 61°38.4' N., long 149O50.8' W. In Houston 1962. strip pit. Anchorage (C-8) quad. Seldovian. 9874 ------Lat 61°38.3' W., long 148O57.5' W. West side of Barnes and Brown, 1955 ; Hopkins and Wolfe. valley of Wolverine C

9849------. Lat 61°15.1' N., long 1R1°14.4' W. North bank of 9868 ------.Lat 62'29.9' N., long 150°56.9' W. Sou~thside Beluga River. Tyonek (B4) quad. Sel- of Cache Creek. Talkeetna (B-2) quad. dovian. TTTolfe,1962. Homerian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 9850------Lat 61°25.6' N., long 151°31.2' TV. East bank 9883------. Near mouth of Happy Creek. Seldovia (D-5) of Coal Creek. Tyonek (B-3) quad. Sel- quad. Clamgulchian. Benninghof, 1955. dovian. TTTolfe,1%2. 9884 ------Korth of Harriet Point. See. 13, T. 5 N., R. 9851------Lat 59O38.6' N., long 151°35.1' W. In sea cliffs 18 W. Kenai (C-6) quad. Seldovian. Shell west of Homer. Seldoria (C-.5) quad. Hc- Oil Co. merian. Wolfe, 1962. 9885------North of Harriet Point. Sec. 25, T. 5 N., R. 18 9852------. Lat 59O43.2' N., long 151°49.4' TV. 1,i mile south W. Kenai (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Shell of Mutnala Gulch in sea cliffs. Seldoria (C-5) Oil Co. quad. Homerian. TTTolfe, lW2. 9886 ------North of Harriet Point. Sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 18 9853------Lat 59O40.9' N., long 151°22.6' W. Just west of W. Kenai (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Shell nlouth of Fritz Creek. Seldovia (C-4) quad. Oil Co. Homerian. TVolfe, 1962. 9887 ------Near Redoubt Point. Sec. 33, T. 3 N., R. 18 W. 9854------Lat 59O45.1' K., long 151°10.2' IV. % mile west Kenai (B4) quad. Seldovian. Shell Oil Co. of ~nouthof Eastland Creek. Seldovia (C4) 9937 ------.Lat 61°18.4' N., long 151°46.5' W. Cliffs on quad. Clamgulchian. TTTolfe, lW2. south side of Capps Glacier. Tyonek (B-5) 9855 ------_ Lat 59O44.0' N., long 161°12.4' TV. % mile west of quad. Seldovian. British Petroleum Co., mouth of Cottonrrood Creek. Seldovia ((2-4) 1962. quad. Clamgulchian. TVolfe, 1962. 9945 ------On Harriet Creek, 21.85 miles east and 30.15 miles 9856 ------Lat 59O23.7' N., long 151°53.7' TV. North side of north of southwest corner of Kenai, 1 : 250,000 Coal Cove on Port Graham, probably the "Sinus quad. Kenai (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Mobil Anglorum" (English Bay) locality of Heer. Oil Co. Seldovia (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Hopkins, REFERENCES CITED Schmidt, and Wolfe, 1962. 9857 ------_ Lat 59O25.0' N., long 151°53.1' ITT. 0.6 mile south Bailey, I. W., and Sinnott, E. W., 1916, The climatic distribution of Point Pogibshi. Seldoria (B-6) quad. Sel- of certain types of angiosperm leaves: Am. Jour. Botany, dovian. Hopkins, Schmidt, and Tlrolfe, 1962. v. 3, p. 2439. 9858 Lat 5Q028.3'N., long 151°40.6' W. 0.7 mile east Brown, R. W., 1939, Fossil leaves, fruits, and seeds of Cw- of Seldovia Point. Seldovia (R-5) quad. oidiphyllunl: Jour. Paleontology, v. 13, p. 485-499. Seldovian. Hopkins, Schmidt, and TT701fe, 1962, Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great 1962. Plains: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, 119 p., 69 pls. 9559 ------Lat 59O49.2' N., long 151°07.4' UT. East bank of Chandler, M. E. J., 1961, The lorrer Tertiary floras of southern Swift Creek. Seldoria (D4) quad. Clam- England, I: London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 354 p., gulchian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 19G2. 34 pls. 9860 ------.Lat G0°15.2' N.,long 151°23.5' W. Sea Cliffs 0.9 1962, The lower Tertiary floras of southern England, I1 : mile north of Clam Gulch. Kenai (B-4) quad. London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 176 p., 29 pls. Clamgulchian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 1964, The lower Tertiary floras of southern England, IV : 9861 ------Lat 60°15.7' N.,long 151°23.3' W. Sea Cliffs 1.5 London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 151 p., 4 pls. miles north of Clam Gulch. Kenai (B1) Chaney, R. W. and Axelrod, D. I., 1959, Miocene floras of the quad. Clamgulchian. Hopkins and TVolfe, Colunlbia Plateau. Part I, Composition and interpretation, 1962. by R. W. Chaney. Part 11, Systematic considerations, by 9862 Lat 60°12.3' N., long 151°26.5' TV. Sea Cliffs 2.4 R. W. Chaney and D. I. Aselrod: Carnegie Inst. Washing- miles south of Clam Gulch. Kenai (A+) ton Pub. 617,237 p., 44 pls. quad. Clamgulchian. Hopkins and T1701fe, Gardner, J. S., and Ettingshausen, C'onsbantin, 1879, A mono 1962. graph of the British Eocene flora : London, Palaeontographi- 9863 Lat 61°19.1' AT., long 149'36.5' W. South bank cal Soc., 159 p. of Eagle River. Anchorage (B-7) quad. Sel- Heer, Oswald, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana: Kgl. svenskla dovian. Hopkins and Tl'olfe, 1962. retensk. akad. Handl., v. 8, no. 4, 41 p., 10 pls.: issued also 98G4 Lat 61°18.7' N., long 119"31.8' W. South bank as : Flora fossilis arctica, 1871, r. 2, no. 2. of Eagle River. Anchorage (R-7) quad. Sel- Hollick, C. A., 1930, The Upper Cretaceous floras of Alaska : U.S. dovian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. Geol. Surrey Prof. Paper 159,123 p., 87 pls. 98%--- Lat 61°39.4' N., long 149O27.8' W. North bank 1936, The Tertiary floras of Alaska: U.S. Gml. Survey of Little Susitna River. Anchorage (C-7) Prof. Paper 182, 186 p., 122 pls. quad. Seldovian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. Hu1tC.n. Eric, 1943, Flora of Alaska and Yukon, 111: Lunds 9866 Lat 61°41.7' N., long 149O14.7' W. West bank rnir. drssk., new ser., avd. 2, v. 39, no. 1, p. 415-567. of Little Susitna River. Anchorage (C-6) quad. Seldovian. Hopkins and TVolfe, 1062. 1944, Flora of Alaska and Yukon, IV: Lunds Univ. 9867-- Lat 62O29.4' N., long 150°58.7' W. South side drssk., new ser., avd. 2, v. 40, no. 1, p. 571-795. of Cache Creek opposite mouth of Rambler Huzioka, Kazuo, 1963, The Utto flora of northern Honshu: Creek. Talkeetna (B-2) quad. Seldorian. Tertiary floras of Japan, Niocene floras, p. 153-216, pls. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 28 -40. B28 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA

Knowlton, F. H., 1919, A catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Reid, M. E., and Chandler, M. E. J., 1933, The London Clay plants of North America: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 696, flora: London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 561 p., 33 pls. 815 p. Tanai, Toshimasa, 1961, Neogene floral change in Japan: Hok- MacGinitie, H. D., 1953, Fossil plants of the Florissant beds, kaido Univ. Faculty Sci. Jour., ser. 4, v. 11, no. 2, 'p. 119-398, Colorado: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 599, 198 p., 75 32 pls. pls. Tanai, Toshimasa, and Suzuki, Nobuo, 1963, Miocene floras of 1962, The Kilgore flora : California Univ. Pubs. Geol. southwestern Hokkaido, Japan : Tertiary floras of Japan, Sci., v. 35, no. 2, p. 67-158,16 pls. Miocene floras, p. 9-149,27 pls. Mason, H. L., 1947, Evolution of certain floristic associations Wolfe, J. A., Hopkins, D.M., and Leopold, Estella, 1966, Tertiary in western North America: Ecol. Mon., v. 17, no. 2, p. 201- stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Cook Inlet region, 210. Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 398-A, 29 p. INDEX

[Italic numbers indicate tn:~jorreferences nnd descrip

A Page Page Page Ace...... B3, 5 antiquum. Benzoin B25 Celastrus fernquzsti...... B17 arcticum ...... 11 Viburnum...... 11 Cercidiphyllaceae...... 4 craegifolim...... 4 aquatics, Nyssa ...... 25 Cercidiphyllum...... 5,9 ezoanum ...... 4, 26. pl . 8 aquilonium, Dryophyllum ...... 11 arcticum...... 9,10, 12 fataefolia ...... 4 Aralia taurinensis .. 11 crenatum ...... 4,5 glabride...... 6 sp...... 6 japonicum ...... 9 macropterm...... 4 rliaceae...... 4.6 cdera, Rosa ...... 11

sbpictm...... 4 Arbutus sp... . 6 chapini, Piper ...... 2 p ...... 2 Arcto-Tertiary theory ...... 4, 5 Chickaloon flora...... 6,3,4,8, 9 Awraceae ...... 4, 25 rtca Popl...... 9 Chickaloon Formation ...... 1,26 adumbrata, Alnus ...... 5,6,15,20, dl. fig . 9 Woodwardia ...... 8 Chignik Formation ...... 2 Corylus...... 19, 21 arcticum, Accr ...... 11 Chuckaunt flora ...... 11 aequalis, Prunus hartungi ...... 13 CercidiphyUum ...... 9,10, 12 chuitensis, Corylus ...... 5,6,16,6S, 24; pl . 5; fig . 12 aflnzs, Sapzndus ...... 2, 11. pl . 2 Artocarpidium alaskanum...... 17, 18 Salix ...... 5,6, IS; pl . 4 Alagm...... 4 artocarpites, Quercus ...... 11 Chuitna River flora ...... 6,6 alaskana, Alnus ...... 5,18, 23 Artocarpokles ...... 5 ciliata, Populus...... 3 Carpi...... 16 auriculaecordatus, Greu~iopsis...... 2, 12. pl . 1 Cladrustis ...... 7 Dicotylophyllum ...... 11; pl . 2 Pterospermztea ...... 12 a ...... 24 Greilea ...... 25 auriculata, Cocculus ...... 4, 64; pl . 7 japonica ...... 5,6,24, 25. pl . 8 Grewiopi...... 11, 12 Hedera ...... 24 ltea...... 25 Pterospermites ...... 23 Azalea ...... 25 Clamgulchian flora ...... 7,8 Quercus ...... 11 cobbi, Carpinus...... 6,16, 88,' pl . 6; fig . 11 B Salzz ...... 6.13. pl . 4 Coeculus ...... 10 babamoides. Populus ...... 11 alaskanum, Artocarpidium ...... 17, 18 aurtculata ...... 4.64. pl . 7 barclayi. Saliz ...... 14 alaskensis, Crataegus...... 23 pabella ...... 2,9, 10. pl . 1; fig . 1A barnesi, Alnus...... 15,19, 20. pl . 5; fig . 20 Eao...... 25 heteromorpha ...... 24 beauoerdianu, Sptraea...... 8, 24 Collawash flora ...... 4 Alchorneasp ...... 4 bendirei, Carya...... 3, 6 Alzsmaphyllites grandifolius- ...... 2 Compositae ...... 7 Hydrangea ...... 6 Comptonia sp...... 2 atifolia Fags...... 19 Plata...... 4 Alnus ...... 5,8,15,17,18,19, 21 confirmata, Rosa ...... 14 Benzoin aniiquum ...... 25 Saltr ...... 6, 14,' pl . 3 adumbrata ...... 5,6,15,20, 21. fig. 9 Bdula ...... 17 ...... 23 alaskana ...... 5,18, 23 confiLaa lata, Betula confwa lata ...... 23 confusum, Hymenophyllum ...... 2 barnesi ...... 15,19, 20. pl . 5; fig . 8 fairii ...... 16.17 cappsi ...... 3,15,18, 19. pls. 6, 7. fig. 6 conjunctiva, Quercus ...... 11 argei ...... 16 conjunctivus, Pterospermites ...... 12 corylifolia ...... 19, 22 papyrtfera ...... 15.16 corylina ...... 5,6,15,18,19, 21. PI . 6; fig . 7 Coniferales ...... 3,5,6, 7 prrsca ...... 17,19, 21 Contortae...... 4 crispa ...... 20; fig . 10 subhtea ...... 15, 16 evidens ...... 15, 18. pl . 5; fig . 5 controvertabilis, Pzper ...... 9 thor ...... 5 7, 16. pl . 3 ...... 3,16, 17. pl 7; fig 3 cookensu, Saliz ...... fairi . . Betulaceae ...... 3,5,6,7,8, 16 harnyaa...... 19 Cornaceae...... 6,25 Bibliography ...... 27 healyenszs ...... 3,16, 17. pl . 7; fig . 4 Cornus- . 7, 25 biloba, Ginkgo 2.3 ...... ijikiae...... 19 sp 66, 26; pl. 8 borealis, Hemitrapa ...... 4 corylifolia, Alnus...... 19, 22 incana ...... 8,15, 1% fig . 7 mu...... 21 keferteiii ...... 21 corylina, Alnus ...... 5,6,15,18,19, 21. pl . 6; fig . 7 brdzi, Quercua ...... 3 largei ...... 16,17, 18. pl . 7; fig . 2 Corylttes fosteri ...... 2 prerhombifolia ...... 17 C Coryhs adumbrata ...... 19.21 relata ...... 17 Campanianflora ...... 2 americana fossilis...... 21 rlat...... 16 canadensis, Elaeagnus ...... 6 chuitensis ...... 5,6,16, $3, 24. pl . 5; fig . 12B schmidtae ...... 8,15,20, 21. pl . 5; fig . 10 cnppsensis, Carpinus...... 5.62. pl . 6; fig . 11 eoidens...... 18 aa...... 20 Salk...... 12, 13. pl . 4 harrimani ...... 16,2S, 24; fig . 12A amblyrhyncha, Populus...... 9 cappsi, Alnus...... 3.15,18,19. pls . 6, 7. fig. 6 kenaiana ...... 21 ...... americana, Dennstaedtia ...... 2.8. pl . 1 Crataeg...... 19 MacQuarrii 17,21,22, 23 palachei ...... 23 fosszlis Cory1...... 21 Caprifoliaceae ...... 4, 6 amplifolia, a ...... 14 Carexi sp ...... 7 crassijulis, Saliz ...... 7 Acardace...... 8 Carpinites truneatus- ...... 17 crataegtfdium, Acer ...... 4 aneeps, Diospyros ...... 14 Carpinus alaskana ...... 16 Crataegus alaskemis ...... 23 andersoni, Spiraea ...... 4 cappanuis ...... 5, $6; pl. 6; fig . 11 A-C cappsi ...... 19 Andromeda sp ...... 13 cobbi ...... 6.16, 23. pl . 6; flg . 11E gracilens ...... 19 Anemia dongata ...... 2 era...... 23 sp...... 4 Angiospermae ...... 2,3,5,6,7, 8 gas...... 21 Crednerza ...... 11 An-type flora...... 4 seldoviana ...... 3,16,22, 23. pl . 6; fig . llD crenata, Populus...... 12 aninuis, CZadrastis...... 24 Carya ...... 3.5 Vitis...... 12 aioa ...... 3 antiquora ...... 2,8, 9. pl . 1 crenatum, Cercidiphyllum...... 4.5 antiquora, Carya ...... 2,8, 9. pl . 1 antquorum ...... 8 crispa, Alnus ...... 20; fig . 10 aniuCarya ...... 8 bendirei...... 3, 6 crossii, Juglans ...... 11 ria...... 8 sessilis ...... 3 cupanioides, Viburnum...... 12 Page Page Page Cycad...... B2. 3 Flora-Continued Hicoria antiquorum ...... B8 (Cycloptera) sp.. Pterocarya ...... 3 Homerfan ...... B6,6, 7, 8 homerensis, Vaccinium...... 6, 25. pl . 8 Cyperaceae...... 3,5,6, 7 Kenai ...... I,$, 12, 15 Homerian flora...... 5,6,7, 8 Cyperaeites sp- ...... 3,5,6, 7 Kupreof...... 3 hopkinsi, Spiraea ...... 5,6, $4; pl . 8 Miocene...... 4 Hydrangea bendirei ...... 6 D Neogene...... 1, 7 sp ...... 4 dall erc...... 19 Oigoe...... 5 Hymenophyllum confuaum ...... 2 Decostea sp...... 2 Paleowne ...... 1,2, 4 Dennstaedtia americana ...... 2. 8. pl . 1 Paleagene...... 3,5, 7 I dentatus. Pterospermztes ...... 2, 14. pl . 2 Seldovia Point ...... 3, 4 Ilex ...... 11 Dicotyledonae...... 3,4,5,6,7, 8 Seldovian ...... S,4,5, 6 ilnskiae A ...... 19 Dicotylophyllum~...... 2, 10 Siberian...... 2 inaequalis, Hamamelites ...... 2,10, 11. pl . 1 alaskana ...... 2, 11. pl . 2 Sitkinak Island ...... 5 Protoc...... 10 flauosa ...... 2,11, 12. pl . 2 Upper Atanikerdluk ...... 2, 4 incana, Alnus ...... 8,15, 18. fig . 7 richardsoni ...... 2.10, 13; pl . 1; fig . 1C Floristic and ecologic interpretation ...... 4 inglefieldi, Magnolia- ...... 14 Diervilla p ...... 6 Fort Union flora ...... 2,4,9, 11 inopinum, Mohrodendron ...... 11 Dieiaae...... 2 Fossil-plant localities ...... $6 inordinata . Frasinus ...... 11 Diospyros anceps ...... 14 fossilis, Corylus americana ...... 21 inida,a ...... 3 Diospyros lancifolia ...... 14 fosteri, Corylites ...... 2 distichum, Taxodium ...... 3, 6 fothergilloides, Hamamelites ...... 10 J Dryophyllum aquzlonzum ...... 11 Frin...... 5 japonica. Gladrastia- ...... 5,6,44, 25. pl . 8 longipetiolatum ...... 11 inordinata ...... 11 Neitea...... 25 Dropteri sp...... 3 johnstrupi ...... 11 a ...... 24, 25 juglandina ...... 8,ll , 13 japonicum, Cercidiphyllum...... 9 E psedobliqa ...... 9 Jenkinsella ...... 9 Ehenaes ...... 6 p ...... 4 johnstrupi, Fraxinus ...... 11 Ecologic md floristic interpretation...... 4 furuhjelmi, Quercus...... 3 Juglandaceae ...... 3,4,5,6,15 Eaeagaceae ...... 6 fusca, Malus...... 8 Juglandales ...... 3,5, 6 Elaeagn...... 7 juglandiformi8, JugZans ...... 11 cadeni...... 6 G juglandina, Frazinus ...... 8,11, 13 Elaeocarpus alaskensis ...... 25 adniPol ...... 11 Qerc...... 11 elongata, Anemza ...... 2 Rham...... 14 Jglan crii...... 11 Engelhardza ...... 4 Geofioras...... 1 juglaformi ...... 11 Eocene flora ...... 2.5 Geraniales ...... 4 nigella ...... 8,15 eotremuloides, Populus ...... 6 ff inkgo ...... 5 oregoia ...... 15 Equisetaceae ...... 3, 7 biloba...... 2, 3 orientalis ...... 15 Equietaes ...... 3, 7 Ginkgoaceae ...... 3 pcroid ...... 8,14 Eqursetum sp...... 3, 7 Ginkgoale ...... 3 pseudopunctata ...... 9,13 Ericaceae...... 6.7, 25 glabra, Rhus ...... 8 icifolia...... 14 Erice...... 6 glabroides, Acer ...... 6 (Carya) picroides ...... 14 eraCarpin ...... 23 glandulifera, Popubs ...... 11 Euphorhiaceae ...... 3,4, 12 Glumiflorm ...... 3,6,6, 7 K Euphoria ...... 11 glyptostroboides, Metasequoia ...... 3,5, 6 kachemakensi~.Saliz ...... 6, 14,' pl . 4 europaeus, Glyptostrobus ...... 3,5,6, 7 Glyptostrobus ...... 5,7, 8 Kaopan p ...... 4 evidens, Alnus ...... 15, 18. pl . 5; fig. 5 europaeus ...... 3,5,6, 7 keferteinii Aln...... 21 Cory1...... 18 nordenskioldi ...... 2 Kenai flora...... 1,3,12, 15 Ezbucklandia ...... 4 gracie ataeg...... 19 Kemi Formation ...... 3.20, 26 ezoanum, Acer ...... 4, $5. pl . 8 Gramlneae ...... 3 kenaiana, Cor?ilus...... 21 grandijolius, Alismaphyllites ...... 2 Populus...... 3,5,6, 12; pl . 3 F graiCapin ...... 21 Suliz ...... 8, 13,' pl . 4 Fagaceae...... 3, 4 Grevillea alaskana ...... 25 knowltoni, Nyssa sp...... 4 Fagales...... 3.5.6.8 Grewia ...... 10, 12 Kupreanof flora .. 3 Fag...... 5 Grewiopsis ...... 11, 12 alnitifolia ...... 19 alaskana ...... 11, 12 L a ...... 3 auriculaecordatus...... 2, 14; pl . 1 lancifolia. Diospyros 14 paleocrmata ...... 3 groenlandicus, Quercophyllum...... 2 Zargei, .4 lnus...... 16,17, 18. pl . 7; fig . 2 fairi, Alnus ...... 3,16, 17. PI. 7 Gulf of Alaska flora ...... 5 Betula ...... 16 fair, Betla...... 16, 17 Gyrnnospermae...... 2,3,4,5, 7 lasiandra, Solix ...... 13 fatisiaeoia, Ace...... 4 lata, Betula confusa- ...... 23 fernquiati, Celastrus ...... 17 H Latah Formation ...... 17, 25 Ficus ...... 5 aleiap ...... 6 latior, Populus 11 Fiicas...... 3, 5 Hamamelidaoeae...... 4 Lauraceae 2, 7 Filicinae ...... 2,3, 5 Hamameliies fothergilloides ...... 10 Laurus princeps ...... 14 flabella, Cocculus ...... 2,9, 10. pl . 1; fig . 1 inaequalh...... 2,10, 11. pl . 1 Leaf-margin analysis ...... 7 flabellurn Pol...... 9 Hamilton Bay flora ...... 2 Ledum ...... 25 flezuosa, Dicotylophyllum ...... 2,11, 12. pl . 2 harneyana, Alnus ...... 19 Leguminosae .. 5,6, $4 Quercus ...... 11 harirmani, Corylus ...... 16, W,24 leopoldae, Saliz 8, 14. pl . 4 Flora of the Chiekaloon Formation ...... d hartungi aegualis, Prunus...... 13 Lepargyraea weavni 25 For,Aiaitype ...... 4 healyensis, Alnw...... 3,16, 17. pl . 7; fig. 4 Liliacear...... -...... 3 Campai...... 2 Hedera auriculata ...... 24 Lindera 4 Chickaloon...... 2,3,4,8, 9 heeriana, PopuZua ...... 12 lindgreni, Populus ...... 12 Clamgulchian ...... 7, 8 heerii, Populus...... 12 lindleyana, Spiraea 24 Chuckanut...... 11 Helobiae ...... 3, 7 Liquidambar ...... 5,8 Chuitna River ...... 5, 6 Heiel...... 9 mioformosana ...... 4 Colawash ...... 4 Hmitraa borealis...... 4 LUsea ...... 4 Eocene ...... 2, 5 hesperia, Onoclea...... 2, 8 longifolia, Ulmus...... 3,9 Fort Union ...... 2,4, 9 Saliz ...... 5,14, 15 longipetiolatum, Dryophyllum ...... - ---- 11 Gulf of Alaska ...... 5 heteromorpha, Cocc~Pua...... 24 lutea, Cladrastis 25 Iamiton Bay ...... 2 Poulus...... 24 Lygodium 5 INDBX

M Page Page R Page Macaranga ...... B3, 12 Phyllites relatt~s...... B16 Ranales ...... B3, 4 taariu...... 12 Picea 8 relata, Alnus ...... 17 p ...... 2 picroides, Juglans ...... 8, 14 relatus, Alnus ...... 16 Mclintkia...... 5 Juglans (Carya)...... 14 Phyllitea ...... 16 macquarrii, Corylus ...... 17,21,22,23 Salk...... 3,6,14, 15 reniformis Pop18...... 3 macrophylla, Osmunda ...... 2 Pipe chapini ...... 2 Rhamnales ...... 4 macropterum, Acer ...... 4 controvertabilis .... 9 Rhamnus gaudini ...... 14 Maestrichtian flora...... 2 epterioalis...... 9 Rhododendron ...... 25 magnijolia, Pterospermites ...... 23 Planera ...... 9 weaueri ...... 6, 8.5. pl . 8 Magnolia inglefieldi ...... 14 microphylla ...... 2, 9. pl . 2 Rhus glabra ...... 8 miocenica ...... 25 Platanace ae ...... 4 Ribes sp ...... 6 Mallotus sp 4 Platanus bendirei ...... 4 richardsoni, Dicotylophyllum ...... 2,10, id; pl . 1 Malusfusca ...... 8 Platyptera ...... 15 Populus...... 12 Malvales ...... 4 Poacites tenuistriatus ...... 3 Saliz 13 Melanolepis ...... 3 Polypodiaoeae...... 3 Rosa cetera...... 11 sp...... 2 Populus ...... 8, 11 crmata...... 14 Melima...... 12 amblyrhyncha ...... 9 Rosaceae ...... 4,5,6,7,8, 24 Menispermaceae...... 4, 24 arctica ...... 9 Rosales ...... 4.5 6.8 meriana, Quercus 11 balsamoides ...... 11 Rubiales ...... 4,6 Metaseouoia...... 5, 7 ciliata ...... 3 Rubus sp ...... 5 glyptostrobofdes ...... 3,5, 6 ceata...... 12 rustii, Prunua 16 ccidetalis...... 2 eotremuloides ...... 6 Micros...... 5 flabellum ...... 9 S microphylla, Planna ...... 2, 9. pl . 2 gain...... 11 Sabalites ...... 5 Miocene flora...... 4 gadifera...... 11 sp ...... 2 miocenica, Magnolia ...... 25 heeriam- ...... --...... 12 Salicaceae...... 3,4,5,6,7,8, 18 miofo~mosana,Lfquidambar ...... 4 heerii ...... 12 Salicales...... 3,5,6,7, 8 mixta, Pterocarya ...... 3, 15 heteromorpha ...... 24 salicijolia, Juglans ...... 14 Mohrodendron inopinum...... 11 kenaiana ...... 3,5,6, 12. pl . 3 Salix ...... 8 Monocotyledonae...... 3,5,6, 7 latior ...... 11 alaskana...... 6.13,' pl . 4 Myrica sp ...... 6 lindgreni...... 12 amplijdia ...... 14 M yricaceae ...... 6 reniformis ...... 3 barclayi ...... 14 Myicale...... 6 richardaoni ...... 12 cappsensis ...... id, 13; pl . 4 Myrttflorae 4, 6 tacamahacca ...... 7 chuitensis ...... 5.6, 18,' pl . 4 washoenis ...... 6 confirmata ...... 6, 14,' pl . 3 N zadachi ...... 9 cookensis ...... 7, 16. pl . 3 Naiadaceae...... 3, 7 Polamogeton sp ...... 3, 7 crassijulis ...... 7 Neogene flora...... 1, 7 perhmbijdia, An...... 17 hesperia...... 5,14, 15 Neolitsea japonica ...... 25 priep Lars...... 14 iqira...... 3 ewberryi mu...... 3 prisca, Betula ...... 17,19, 21 kachemakensis ...... 6, 14. pl . 4 igela Jgla...... 8, 15 Protoficus inaequalis ...... 10 kenaiana ...... 8, 18. pl . 4 Pterocarya ...... 3,5,6, 16. pl . 3 Prunus hartungi aequalis ...... 13 lasiandra ...... 13 ninilchikensis, Salia ...... 8, 14. pl . 3 olympica ...... 13 leopoldae ...... 8, 14. pl . 4 nordenskioldi, Glyptostrobus ...... 2 rut...... 16 niniZchikensis ...... 8, 14. pl . 3 Nuphar sp ...... 3 sp ...... 4.6 picroides ...... 3,6,14, 15 Nymphaeaceae ...... 3 pseudobliquu, Faxinus ...... 9 pseudomonticola ...... 15 Nyssa ...... 5, 25 pseudomonticola, Saliz...... 15 rhard...... 13 aqatca...... 25 pseudopunctata, Juglans- ...... 9.13 scouleriana ...... 14 japonica ...... 24.25 Ptnocarya ...... 3,5,8, 15 sechensis ...... 13 knwlti...... 4 mizta ...... 3, 15 tenera ...... 14 Nysaceae ...... 4 nigella ...... 3,5,6, 15. pl . 3 tyonekana ...... 5,6, 18. pl . 3 Nyim...... 9 aepterie...... 11 varians ... 15 (Cycloptera) sp ...... 3 sp...... 3 0 p ...... 2 Sapindales...... 4,8 occidentalis. Metasequoia ...... 2 Pteropsida- ...... 3,4,5,6,7, 8 Sapindus ...... 11 tea...... 5 Pterospermites ...... 12 amnia ...... 2, 11. pl . 2 olafe, Qercs...... 19 alaskana ...... 23 Saxifragaceae...... 4,6 Oleaceae ...... 4 auriculaecordalus ...... 12 schmidtae, Alnus ...... 8,15,20, dl. pl . 5; fig. 10 Oligocne flora...... 5 conjunctivus...... 12 scouleriana, Salir ...... 14 olympica, Prunus...... 13 dentatus ...... 2, 14,' pl . 2 Seldovia Point flora ...... 3,4 Onagraceae...... 4 magnifdia ...... 23 Seldovian flora ...... 8,4,5,6 Onoclea hesperia ...... 2, 8 aan...... 12 seldariana, Carpinus- ...... 3,16,22, $8; pl . 6 sensibilis ...... 3.5,s sensibilia, Onoclea...... 3,5, 8 oregoninna, Juglans ...... 15 Q aeptentrionale, Pterocarya ...... 11 Qerc...... 17 QuercophyUum groenlandicus ...... 2 septmtrimlis, Piper ...... 9 ka...... 3 Quecrus...... 11, 12 serrzllata, Trochodendroides ...... 2.9, 10. pl . 1; flg. 1 rieisJglas ...... 15 alaakana ...... 11 Zizyphus ...... 10 Osmunda macrophylla ...... 2 artocarpites ...... 11 sessilis, aa...... 3 sp ...... 5 bet...... 3 Sirflora ...... 2 Osmd...... 5 conjuncliua ...... 11 Sinp ...... 2 a ...... 19 sinuata, Alnus ...... 20 P fkxuoaa ...... 11 chen1 ...... 13 palache Cory1...... 23 furuhjelmi ...... 3 Sitkinak Island ...... 5 Paleocene flora ...... 1,2, 4 glaina...... 11 Sitkinak Island flora ...... 5 paleocrenata, Fagus sp ...... 3 era...... 11 smp ...... 3 Paleogene flora ...... 3,5, 7 afei...... 19 Sophwa sp ...... 5 Palms...... 2, 3 regiaa...... 17 sophoroides, Uaccinium ...... 26 Padnaes...... 5 steenstrupiana ...... 19 sorbifia Xm...... 24 papyrijera, Betula ...... 15, 16 slli...... 11 Sphenopsida ...... 3.7 INDEX

Page Page v page Spiraea andersoni ...... B4 Taxodium distichum ...... B3, 6 Vaccinium...... B25 beauuerdiana...... 8, 24 enSix ...... 14 homerensis ...... 6, 66. pl . 8 hopkinsi ...... 5,6,64,' pl . 8 tenuistriatus, Poacites ...... 3 ophoroide...... 25 lindeyaa...... 24 tho la...... 5 sp...... 6 wmveri...... 6, 84. pl . 8 a p ...... 4 vagans, Pterospermites...... 12 steenstrupiana, Quercus ...... 19 Tiliaceae ...... 4,7, 10 uara1 ...... 15 Styracaceae ...... 6 Tracheophyta- ...... 3.4,5,6,7,8 Viburnum antiquum ...... 11 subluten, Betula ...... 15.16 T~iumfedtca...... 10 cniode...... 12 subpictum, Acer...... 4 Trwhodendroides serrulata ...... 2,9, 10. pl . 1; fig . 1B Vacea...... 4 sllierc ...... 11 truncatus, Ca~pinites...... 17 Wtis...... 5 Symphoricarpos ...... 7 Tsadaka Formation ...... 1.3, 26 re...... 12 sp ...... 4, 6 tyonekana, Salix ...... 5,6, 18. pl . 3 p ...... 4 Systematiclist of flora of the type Homerim .. 6 pa...... 5 Systematic list of the Homerlan flora from Typhaceae ...... 5 Cbuitna River ...... 6 washoensis. Pop~lus...... 6 Systematic list of the Seldovia Point flora.... S weaueri, Lepargyraea ...... 25 7 Ulmaceae...... Systematic list of type Clamgulchian flora.... 3, 4,. Rhododendvon ...... 6, 66. pl . 8 ...UL~US ...... 5, u Systematics...... 8 Spi~aea...... 6, 64. pl . 8 borealis...... 21 Woodwardia aretica...... 8 m longifolio...... 3, 9 newberryi ...... tacamahacea. Populus...... 7 orbiolia...... 24 z tanarius. Macaranga ...... 12 Umbelliflorae...... 4, 6 adachi Pop18...... 9 tarnens Aalia ...... 11 Upper Atanikerdluk flora ...... 2, 4 Zelkova oregoniana ...... 3 Taxodiaceae...... 3,4,5,6,7 Uticals ...... 3 Zizyphws aerrulata- ...... 10

U . S . GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE . 1966 0 .796-782 PLATES 1-8 PLATE 1

[All figures natural size] FIGURE1. Carya antiquora Newberry. (p. B8). Hypotype, USNM 42183; loc. 9881. 2. Cocculus jlabella (Newberry) Wolfe. (p. B9). Hypotypes, USNM 42282, 42286; loc. 9881. 3. Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward) Wolfe. (p. 810). Hypotype, USNM 42186; loc. 9870. 4. Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B12). Hypotype, USNM 42184; loc. 9881. 5. Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton. (p. B8). Hypotype, USNM 42182; loc. 9873. 6. Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B12). Hypotypes, USNM 42283, 42284; loc. 9870. 7. Hamamelites inaequalis (Newberry) Brown. (p. B10). Hypotype, USNM 42188; loc. 9870. PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 1 GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON FORMATION PLATE 2

[All figures natural size] FIGURE1. Dicotylophyllum Jtexuosa (Newberry) Wolfe. (p. Bll). Hypotype, USNM 42191; loc. 9881. 2. Dicotylophyllum alaskana (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. Bll). Hypotype USNM 42190; loc. 9881. 3. "SapindusJ' afinis Newberry. (p. Bll). Hypotype, USNM 42189; loc. 9881. 4. Pterospermites cf. P. dentatus Heer. (p. B12). USNM 42192; loc. 9881. 5. "Planera" microphylla Newberry. (p. B9). Hypotypes, USNM 42281, 42285; loc. 9881. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 2

4 FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON FORMATION PLATE 3

1.411 figures natural size] FIGURE1. Populus kenaiana Wolfe. (p. R12). Hypotype, USNM 42264; loc. 9858. 2. Salix confirmata (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B14). Hypotype, USNM 42267; loc. 9854. 3. Pterocarya nigella (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B15). Hypotype, USNM 42272; loc. 9845. 4, 5. Salk cookensis Wolfe. (p. B15). 4. Holotype, USNM 42270; loc. 9360. 5. Paratype, USNM 42271 ; loc. 9360. 6. Salix ninilchikensis Wolfe. (p. B14). Paratype, USNM 42269; loc. 9862. 7. Salix tyonekana Wolfe. (p. B13). Holotype, USNM 42265; loc. 9844. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 3

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION PLATE 4

[All figures natural size]

FIGURES1, 2. Salix chuitensis Wolfe. (p. B13). 1. Holotype, USNM 42200; loc. 9844. 2. Paratype, USNM 42201 ; loc. 9844. 3, 4, 8. Salix kachemakensis Wolfe. (p. B14). 3. Paratype, USNM 42195; loc. 9852. 4. Paratype, USNM 42196; loc. 9853. 8. Holotype, USNM 42193; loc. 9853. 5. Salix alaskana Hollick. (p. B13). Hypotype, USNM 42198; loc. 9853. 6. Salix cappsensis Wolfe. (p. B12). Holotype, USNM 42261 ; loc. 9845. 7. Salk kenaiana Wolfe. (p. I31 3). Holotype, USNM 42199; loc. 9862. 9. Salix leopoldae Wolfe. (p. B14). Holotype, USNM 42197; loc. 9360. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 4

FLORA OF THE KENAl FORMATION PLATE 5

[All figures natural sire]

FIGURE 1. Alnus schmidtae Wolfe. (p. B21). Holotype, USNM 42003; loc. 9862. 2, 6. Corylus chuitensis Wolfe. (p. B23). 2. Holotype, USNM 42257; loc. 9844. 6. Paratype, USNM 42258; loc. 9844. 3, 4. Alnus evidens (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B18). 3. Hypotype, USNM 42275; loc. 9359. 4. Hypotype, USNM 42276; loc. 9887. 5, 7. Alnus barnesi Wolfe. (p. B19). 5. Paratype, USNM 42277; loc. 9845. 7. Holotype, USNM 42202; loc. 9845. --

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 5

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION PLATE 6

[All figures natural size]

FIGURES1, 4. Ainus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B19) 1. Hypotype, USNM 42205; loc. 9365. 4. Hypotype, USNM 42206; loc. 9365. 2, 5. Alnus corylina Knowlton and Cockerell. (p. B19) Hypotypes, USNM 42208, 42207; loc. 9844. 3. Carpinus cappsensis Wolfe. (p. B22) Holotype, USNM 42213; loc. 9845. 6. Carpinus seldoviana Wolfe. (p. B23). Holotype, USNM 42212; loc. 9858. 7. Carpinus cobbi Wolfe. (p. B23). Holotype, USNM 42214; loc. 9361. -- - --

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 6

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION PLATE 7

[All figures natural size]

FIGUREI. COCCU~USauriculata (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B24). Hypotype, USNM 42278; loc. 9858. 2, 6. Alnus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B19). 2. Hypotype, USNM 42259; loc. 9365. 6. Hypotype, USNM 42260; loc. 9365. 3. Alnus fairi (Knowlton) Wolfe. (p. B17). Hypotype, USNM 42210; loc. 9365. 4. Alnus healyensis Wolfe. (p. B17). Hypotype, USNM 42209; loc. 9850. 5. Alnus largei (Knowlton) Wolfe. (p. B16). Hypotype, USNM 42211; loc. 9850. FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION PLATE 8

[All figures natural size]

FIGURE1. Cornus sp. USNM 42221; loc. 9844. (p. B25). 2. Spiraea hopkinsi Wolfe. (p. B24). Holotype, USNM 42225; loc. 9361. 3. Cladrastis japonica (Tanai and Suzuki) Wolfe. (p. B24). Hypotype, USNM 42223; loc. 9844. 4. Spiraea weaveri Hollick. (p. B24). Hypotype, USNM 42222; loc. 9366. 5. Vaccinium homerensis Wolfe. (p. B25). Hypotype, USNM 42229; loc. 9844. 6. Acer ezoanum Oishi and Huzioka. (p. B25). Hypotype, USNM 42224; loc. 9858. 7, 8. Rhododendron weaveri (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B25). Hypotypes, USNM 42227, 42228; loc. 9844. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 8

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION

Tertiary Biostratigraphy of the Cook Inlet Region Alaska

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398

This volume was published as separate chapters A and B

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY

William T. Pecora, Director

CONTEXTS

[Letters designate the separately published chapters]

(A) Tertiary stratigraphy and paleobotany of the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, br Jack A. TVolfe, D. hf. Hopkins, and Estella Leopdd. (13) Tertiary plants from the Cook Inlet region, Alaska, br .Jack A. Wolfe.