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Asian and European Musical Images of Water University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Student Research, Performance, and Creative Activity: Hixson-Lied College of Fine and Fine and Performing Arts, Hixson-Lied College Performing Arts of Summer 8-28-2019 Asian and European Musical Images of Water: Exploring the Stylistic Evolution and Development of Musical Language by Comparing Selected Water-Themed Piano Works from the Nineteenth Century to the Present Chubing Wang University of Nebraska - Lincoln, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hixsonliedstudent Part of the Music Performance Commons Wang, Chubing, "Asian and European Musical Images of Water: Exploring the Stylistic Evolution and Development of Musical Language by Comparing Selected Water-Themed Piano Works from the Nineteenth Century to the Present" (2019). Student Research, Performance, and Creative Activity: Hixson- Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts. 9. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/hixsonliedstudent/9 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Fine and Performing Arts, Hixson-Lied College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Student Research, Performance, and Creative Activity: Hixson-Lied College of Fine and Performing Arts by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. ASIAN AND EUROPEAN MUSICAL IMAGES OF WATER: EXPLORING THE STYLISTIC EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL LANGUAGE BY COMPARING SELECTED WATER- THEMED PIANO WORKS FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT by Chubing Wang A Doctoral Document Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts Major: Music Under the Supervision of Professor Paul Barnes Lincoln, Nebraska August, 2019 ASIAN AND EUROPEAN MUSICAL IMAGES OF WATER: EXPLORING THE STYLISTIC EVOLUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MUSICAL LANGUAGE BY COMPARING SELECTED WATER-THEMED PIANO WORKS FROM THE NINETEENTH CENTURY TO THE PRESENT Chubing Wang, D.M.A. University of Nebraska, 2019 Adviser: Paul Barnes This document aims to explore the stylistic evolution and development of musical language by comparing water-themed piano works selected from the nineteenth to the twenty-first century. The study first examines how water-related pieces were developed through the nineteenth to the twentieth century demonstrating the growth of compositional language on this particular theme. At the turn of the twenty-first century, the document focuses on the similarities and differences between Asian and European water pieces by Karen Tanaka and Andrea Granitzio. The goal of the study is to discuss how the previous generations influenced later composers’ works and how the current generation has developed new styles through constant evolution of traditional musical language. There are many water-related pieces by Asian composers written during the twentieth century. The water theme was attractive to them even though their philosophies are different from Western composers. The outcome of this comparison shows that the characteristics of Western culture and music were gradually absorbed into Eastern culture through easier and frequent cultural communication. iii This document is dedicated to my family. iv Table of Contents INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................1 CHAPTER I: The Beginnings to Schubert.........................................................4 Baroque Water Pieces…………………...............................4 Tone painting in Water Music……………………….….…….6 Schubert’s Love and Death in Water...................................8 Water Tremolos………………………………………...……10 Darkest Water…………………..............................................11 CHAPTER II: Religion and Nature: Water in Romanticism and Impressionism..........................................................................14 Liszt’s Meditation and Religion in Water Images………....14 Liszt’s Debt to Schubert……………….………………….…16 Virtuosity in Liszt………………………………………...….18 Texture, Pattern and Harmony…………….............................21 Anticipation of Impressionism: Les jeux d’eau à la Villa d’Este………………………………………...………24 Asian Influences in the Music of Debussy and Ravel……….30 Superimposition in Meter, in Rhythmic Patterns, Mode and Harmony………………….…………..................33 Mirror Images………………………………………..............38 CHAPTER III: The Twentieth Century Water in China and Japan………….41 Folk Song in Chinese Water Music………………………….42 v Flowing Water by Zhu Jian’er……………….........................44 Japanese Water-pieces: Yoshimatsu and Takemitsu…...……47 Takemitsu’s Zen………………………..................................48 CHAPTER IV: Water and Stone: A Comparison of the Water-themed Pieces of Andrea Granitzio and Karen Tanaka……………...50 Italy and Japan………….........................................................50 Water and Stone………………….………………….……….50 Stalactites and Stalagmites: New Way of Enharmonic-spellings….……….……………………54 Shape of Water: Pattern Influences in Water Dance………...60 Pattern Influences in Granitzio: Links and Contrasts.…….…64 Color of Water: Harmony and Texture………………...…….66 Surface Presentation of Impressionistic Harmony….………………………………….67 Superimposition....…………………………………….69 Paired Repetition……………........................................70 CHAPTER V: Conclusion……………………………………………………74 APPENDIX: Keyboard Works of Tanaka and Granitzio……………………..76 BIBLIOGRAPHY.............................................................................................79 vi List of Figures Figure 1.1: Water Music: “Overture,” mm 1-9..........................................................................5 Figure 1.2: Wassermusik: “Ouverture,” mm 42-44……...........................................................7 Figure 1.3: “Auf dem Wasser zu singen,” mm 1-3..................................................................10 Figure 1.4: Schwanengesang: “Am Meer,” mm 12-18............................................................10 Figure 1.5: “Fahrt zum Hades,” D. 526 mm 50-58……………………………...…………...12 Figure 2.1: “Au lac de Wallenstadt,” mm 1-10 .......................................................................16 Figure 2.2: “Au lac de Wallenstadt,” mm 36-49 .....................................................................17 Figure 2.3: “St. François de Paule marchant sur les flots,” mm 32-35....................................20 Figure 2.4: “Au bord d'une source,” mm 47-50.......................................................................21 Figure 2.5: “Au bord d'une source,” measure 32…………………………………….............21 Figure 2.6: “Au bord d'une source,” mm 1-3………………………………………...............22 Figure 2.7: “Au bord d'une source,” measure 22……………………………….....................23 Figure 2.8: “St. François de Paule marchant sur les flots,” mm 42-45………………………24 Figure 2.9: “Les jeux d’eau à la Villa d’Este,” mm 40-57…………...………………………27 Figure 2.10: Pattern comparisons between Liszt and Ravel…………………………………28 Figure 2.11: “L'isle joyeuse,” measure 8…………………………………………………….28 Figure 2.12: “Les jeux d’eau à la Villa d’Este,” mm 144-146……………………………….29 Figure 2.13: “Une barque sur l’océan,” mm 11-13…………………………………………..33 Figure 2.14: “Jeux d’eau,” mm 66-69………………………………………………………..34 Figure 2.15: “Poissons d'or,” measure 81……………………………………………………35 Figure 2.16: “Poissons d'or,” measure 95……………………………………………………35 Figure 2.17: “Poissons d'or,” mm 3-4………………………………………………………..36 Figure 2.18: “Reflets dans l'eau,” mm 16-17………………………………………………...37 vii Figure 2.19: “Poissons d'or,” mm 10-11 and 12-13………………………………………….39 Figure 2.20: “Reflets dans l'eau,” mm 22-23………………………………………………...39 Figure 3.1: Pattern/texture comparisons of Chen Peixun and Impressionists…………….….44 Figure 3.2: “Flowing Water,” mm 9-12……………………………………………………...45 Figure 3.3: “Prelude No. 1, Flowing Water,” mm 26-29…………………………………….46 Figure 3.4: “Barcarole on Autumn,” mm 1-4………………………………………………...47 Figure 4.1: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” mm 9-16……………………………56 Figure 4.2: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” mm 33-36……………………….….57 Figure 4.3: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” mm 37-44.………………………….57 Figure 4.4: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” measure 49…………………………58 Figure 4.5: Ending measures of Three Concentric Circles in the Water, in order…………...59 Figure 4.6: “Water Dance,” first movement, mm 1-7……………………….…………….…61 Figure 4.7: “Water Dance,” first movement, mm 18-19……………………………………..62 Figure 4.8: “Water Dance,” second movement, mm 1-5…………………………………….62 Figure 4.9: “Water Dance,” third movement, mm 1-8………………….……………………63 Figure 4.10: “Jardins sous la pluie,” mm 76-77……………………………………...………64 Figure 4.11: “Water Dance,” third movement, mm 148-152………………………………...64 Figure 4.12: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” mm 88-91…………………………65 Figure 4.13: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water II,” mm 1-8…………………………...65 Figure 4.14: Pattern similarity between Ravel and Granitzio.……………………………….66 Figure 4.15: “Water Dance,” first movement, reduction of mm 1-46……………………….68 Figure 4.16: Superposition in Ravel and Tanaka…………………………………………….69 Figure 4.17: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water I,” mm 45-49…………………………70 Figure 4.18: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water III,” mm 83-84……………………….70 viii Figure 4.19: “Water Dance,” second movement, mm 21-24………….……………….…….71 Figure 4.20: “Three Concentric Circles in the Water III,” mm 91-94……………………….72 Figure
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