When Archaeology Meets Communities Impacting Interactions in Sicily Over Two Eras (Messina, 1861–1918)

When Archaeology Meets Communities Impacting Interactions in Sicily Over Two Eras (Messina, 1861–1918) Antonino Crisà Archaeopress Archaeology Archaeopress Publishing Ltd Summertown Pavilion 18-24 Middle Way Summertown Oxford OX2 7LG www.archaeopress.com © Archaeopress and 2018 Cover: Tindari (Messina): Picture by A. Salinas showing workers and women at the ancient necropolis (1896) (Ar- chivio del Museo Archeologico “Antonino Salinas”, Palermo). All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, elec- tronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. This book is available direct from Archaeopress or from our website www.archaeopress.com Contents Contents �� i List of Figures �� ii List of Diagrams �� v List of Tables �� v Acknowledgements �� vii Preface �� viii Introduction �� 1 0.1 An overview of the book.....................................................................................................................................1 0.2 Contextualising the research..............................................................................................................................4 0.3 Book themes and aims........................................................................................................................................5 0.4 A general overview of scholarship......................................................................................................................8 0.5 The wider context: a new archaeological discipline..........................................................................................9 0.6 The regional context: some Sicilian case studies.............................................................................................11 0.7 Data sets and archives.......................................................................................................................................12 0.7.1 Outlining documentary resources............................................................................................................12 0.7.2 The archives.............................................................................................................................................13 0.7.3 Lost, missing, or undiscovered records....................................................................................................15 0.8 Research approach and methodology..............................................................................................................15 0.9 A short note on terminology............................................................................................................................16 Chapter 1: Contextualising Archaeology in Post-Unification Italy and Sicily (1861-1918) ��18 1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................18 1.2 The emergence of an Italian archaeology........................................................................................................18 1.2.1 Early stages and safeguarding of antiquities (1861-75)............................................................................18 1.2.2 From the ‘General Direction’ towards a national legislation (1875-1909)................................................19 1.2.3 National and regional archaeology and antiquarianism..........................................................................20 1.2.4 Archaeologists, museums, excavations, and new journals......................................................................20 1.3 The history and archaeology of post-Unification Sicily...................................................................................22 1.3.1 Garibaldi, the Unification and the CABAS (1861-75)................................................................................22 1.3.2 New phase, new archaeologists: Salinas and Orsi (1875-1918).................................................................23 1.3.3 A major site: excavations and renovations in Sicily.................................................................................24 1.3.4 Research outputs and new journals.........................................................................................................25 1.3.5 Insights into social and economic contexts.............................................................................................27 1.3.6 Contextualising 19th-century Palermo, Syracuse and Messina...............................................................28 1.4 The safeguarding of antiquities: a three-level system.....................................................................................30 1.4.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................30 1.4.2 Level 1: The Italian state...........................................................................................................................30 1.4.3 Level 2: Regional institutions...................................................................................................................30 1.4.4 Level 3: Local authorities..........................................................................................................................31 1.5 Forging a regional identity: Antonino Salinas and the Palermo Museum.......................................................31 1.5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................31 1.5.2 References and sources............................................................................................................................32 1.5.3 Biography: a new state archaeologist.......................................................................................................32 1.5.4 An overview of Salinas’ scientific output.................................................................................................33 1.5.5 Public and private writings by Salinas: some examples...........................................................................34 1.5.6 Working at the Museum...........................................................................................................................34 1.5.7 ‘Escursioni archeologiche’: Salinas travelling in the province of Messina..............................................36 1.5.8 After Salinas (1914-2017)..........................................................................................................................36 Chapter 2: Sites and Contexts of the Province of Messina Through Antiquarianism and Archaeology ��38 2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................................................38 2.2 Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto.................................................................................................................................38 2.2.1 An outline of the historical contexts........................................................................................................38 i 2.2.2 Archival documentation...........................................................................................................................39 2.3 Lipari.................................................................................................................................................................39 2.3.1 From Lipara to Lipari................................................................................................................................40 2.3.2 Antiquarian and archaeological research................................................................................................41 2.3.3 Substantial records from archives............................................................................................................42 2.4 Naso..................................................................................................................................................................43 2.4.1 History of the town..................................................................................................................................44

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