La Representación De La Mujer China En El Cine Chino: Una Mirada Semiótica

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La Representación De La Mujer China En El Cine Chino: Una Mirada Semiótica UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACIÓN TESIS DOCTORAL La representación de la mujer china en el cine chino: una mirada semiótica MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Yingqiao Pan Director Jorge Lozano Madrid © Yingqiao Pan, 2021 UNIVERSIDAD COMPLUTENSE DE MADRID FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE LA INFORMACION TESIS DOCTORAL La representación de la mujer china en el cine chino: una mirada semiótica MEMORIA PARA OPTAR AL GRADO DE DOCTOR PRESENTADA POR Yingqiao Pan Director Jorge Lozano Madrid, 2020 1 AGRADECIMIENTOS En primer lugar, quisiera dar mis gracias a mi director de tesis: Jorge Lozano, por el interés que ha mostrado por este trabajo, por su generosidad en la enseñanza de conocimientos y las oportunidades que me han dado de participar en varios seminarios, conferencias y cursos de semiótica. En segundo lugar, quiero agradecer también a mis compañeros del doctorado, principalmente a Oscar Gómez y Miguel Martín, por su constante apoyo durante estos años y principalmente en las recomendaciones y la revisión de mi tesis. Además, quisiera dar mis gracias a Pepa Martínez, por su apoyo en la revisión del uso de la lengua española. Finalmente, a mis padres, por su eterna confianza y paciencia. 2 INDICE Objetivos ...................................................................................................................... 14 Hipótesis ...................................................................................................................... 15 Metodología ................................................................................................................. 16 1.1 Las consideraciones teóricas sobre la semiótica ............................................ 18 1.2 La semiótica de la cultura .............................................................................. 21 1.2.1 El concepto del texto ...................................................................................... 22 1.2.2 La definición de la semiosfera ....................................................................... 24 1.2.3 Sobre la dinámica de la cultura ...................................................................... 27 1.3 La semiótica de la moda ................................................................................ 29 1.3.1 La moda como el metrónomo del desarrollo cultural .................................... 31 1.4 El vestuario como lenguaje no verbal ............................................................ 34 1.4.1 El vestuario como una articulación del lenguaje cinematográfico ................ 37 1.4.2 La clasificación de los signos visuales en el cine .......................................... 40 1.4.3 La codificación de código vestuario cinematográfico ................................... 43 1.4.3.1 El contrato de veridicción del vestido histórico en el cine ........................... 44 1.4.3.2 La construcción de la identidad de los personajes a través del vestuario cinematográfico 45 1.5 El cuerpo, el vestuario y el espectador......................................................... 46 1.6 La traducción intersemiótica ........................................................................ 50 2.1 El desarrollo del vestuario tradicional chino ................................................. 53 2.2 El confucianismo: la gramática del vestuario tradicional chino .................... 57 2.2.1 El vestuario tradicional entre la gradualidad y la explosión .......................... 59 3 2.3 La estética de taoísmo y su influencia en el vestuario chino ......................... 67 2.3.1 La actitud del taoísmo ante los colores .......................................................... 68 2.3.2 La actitud del taoísmo ante la vestimenta ...................................................... 72 2.3.3 La relación entre la virtud y el vestuario ....................................................... 73 2.4 La comparación entre la estética del confucianismo y del taoísmo ............... 75 2.5 El significado retórico del vestido en la cultura china ................................... 76 2.5.1 La estética en la virtud ................................................................................... 77 3.1 Introducción ................................................................................................... 79 3.2 El género xia femenino y su representación en el cine .................................. 80 3.2.1 La apariencia clásica de la xia femenina........................................................ 83 3.2.2 Las xia femeninas que se visten de hombre ................................................... 86 3.2.2.1 La semiosfera del jianghu y el “signo” del traje masculino ......................... 89 3.2.3 La apariencia de la xia asesina ....................................................................... 90 3.2.4 El signo del bambú en el género wuxia ......................................................... 93 3.3 El género yokai .............................................................................................. 99 3.3.1 El vestuario de las películas de género yokai ............................................... 100 3.3.1.1 The Enchanting Shadow (1960) y A Chinese Ghost Story (1987) .............. 101 3.3.1.2 Green Snake (1992) y The Sorcerer and the White Snake (2011) .............. 103 3.3.2 El cuerpo semihumano como un error de sintaxis ....................................... 105 3.3.3 La variante de la ingravidez flotante, ligereza ............................................. 106 3.3.4 El concepto del pliegue en el vestuario del genero wuxia y yokai ............... 108 3.4 El lujo que se representa en la corte imperial a través de cine .................... 109 3.4.1 Los códigos del lujo imperial ....................................................................... 109 3.4.1.1 El símbolo de lujo: la corona de fénix ........................................................ 112 3.4.1.2 Las uñas largas ............................................................................................ 114 3.4.1.3 La inmovilidad del vestido representa la autoridad .................................... 116 4 3.4.2 El dinamismo del desarrollo de la moda en la dinastía Tang (618 d.C-907 d.C) 117 3.4.2.1 El mestizaje en la familia real ..................................................................... 118 3.4.2.2 La actitud hospitalaria hacia el extranjero .................................................. 119 3.4.2.3 La actitud ante las religiones....................................................................... 120 3.4.3 El vestido sin tirantes de la dinastía Tang: un reflejo del régimen de pudor y de visibilidad .............................................................................................................. 124 3.4.3.1 La variante de movimiento y longitud ........................................................ 125 4.1 Introducción del capítulo IV ........................................................................ 130 4.1.1 Códigos vestimentarios: forma, color y textura ........................................... 130 4.1.2 La moda y la modernidad ............................................................................ 133 4.2 El signo qipao y su representación en la película In the Mood for Love ..... 134 4.2.1 Sobre el dinamisno del nacimiento y la evolución del qipao fashion .......... 134 4.2.2 La representación del qipao en la película In the Mood for Love ................ 139 4.2.2.1 Los códigos del qipao ................................................................................. 140 4.2.2.2 La función estética y narrativa del qipao en la película .............................. 146 4.2.2.3 La función técnica del qipao en la película ................................................ 150 4.3 El vestuario como lenguaje cinematográfico en La linterna roja .............. 154 4.3.1 Introducción de la película ........................................................................... 154 4.3.2 La descodificación de los vestidos de la protagonista ................................. 155 4.3.2.1 Una traducción de la moda japonesa al uniforme estudiantil chino ........... 158 4.3.3 Los cambios de vestuario de la protagonista y su significación .................. 169 4.3.4 Una descodificación de los vestuarios de otros personajes ......................... 170 4.3.4.1 El vestuario de la primera concubina .......................................................... 170 4.3.4.2 El vestuario de la tercera concubina ........................................................... 172 4.3.4.3 El vestuario del señor Chen ........................................................................ 175 4.3.5 Otros signos cinematográficos ..................................................................... 176 5 4.3.5.1 La linterna roja ............................................................................................ 176 4.3.5.2 El masaje en los pies ................................................................................... 179 4.3.5.3 Los signos estructurales .............................................................................. 180 4.3.5.4 El signo de la primavera ............................................................................. 182 4.3.6 Relfexiones sobre el dinamismo del desarrollo de la moda. ........................ 183 4.3.7 La actitud ante la moda: un signo de la cultura ........................................... 185 5.1 La moda china representada a través de la ‘quinta generación’ .................
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