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Jenis Kupu-Kupu Papilionidae Di Zona Penerima Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu

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Jenis Kupu-Kupu Papilionidae Di Zona Penerima Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu Jurnal Konservasi Hayati Vol. 10 No. 02 Oktober 2019, hlm 45-48 ISSN 0216-9487 JENIS KUPU-KUPU PAPILIONIDAE DI ZONA PENERIMA TAMAN HUTAN RAYA (TAHURA) RAJO LELO BENGKULU Helmiyetti1, dan Sri Puspita Sari2 1Jurusan Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Bengkulu 2Program Studi S-1 Biologi, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Bengkulu ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the type of butterfly Papilionidae in the Receiver Zone of the Great Forest Park (GFP) Raja Lelo Bengkulu. The study was conducted in June- August 2017. Determination of the location of the study was conducted using purposive sampling and butterfly collection at each location using the roaming method. Butterfly collection is carried out at 08.00-10.00 WIB and continued in the afternoon at 15.00- 17.00 WIB, on sunny weather using insect nets. The butterflies obtained were taken to the Biology Laboratory of the Basic Science building, then stretched on a stretching board and dried in an oven at 400C. Furthermore, the butterfly sample is identified by the butterfly identification book and grouped by Family, Genus and Species. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results showed 7 species of Papilionidae butterflies, 74 individuals belonging to 4 genera. The types of butterflies obtained were Graphium agamemnon, Grapihum sarpedon, Pachliopta aristolochiae, Papilio polytes, Papilio memnon, Papilio palinurus, Troides helena. Keywords: Papilionidae Butterfly, Roaming Method, Purposive Sampling PENDAHULUAN Kupu-kupu merupakan jenis belakang sedikit lebih kecil dari sayap serangga yang termasuk kedalam filum depan. Sayap ditutupi dengan bulu-bulu Arthopoda sub-filum Endopterygota atau sisik. Kupu-kupu memiliki sayap kelas Insecta dan ordo Lepidoptera. yang indah dan menarik (Kanisius, Kupu-kupu dalam ekosistem berperan 1991). penting sebagai polinator yang Berdasarkan hasil surve di zona memelihara keanekaragaman tumbuhan penerima Taman Hutan Raya dan hewan. Kupu-kupu mengambil (TAHURA) Raja Lelo terdapat berbagai makanan pada bunga sehingga terjadi tumbuhan berbunga yang dimanfaatkan penyerbukan pada tumbuhan. Kehadiran kupu-kupu dewasa sebagai nektar. kupu-kupu sebagai insekta penyerbuk Diwilayah ini juga terdapat sungai- membantu memelihara perbanyakan sungai kecil yang mengalir sebagai tumbuhan secara alami (Peggie dan tempat kupu-kupu memperoleh mineral. Amir, 2006). Ordo Lepidoptera Lokasi ini juga berbatasan langsung dikelompokkan menjadi dua subordo dengan perumahan penduduk, maka Rhopalocera (Butterfly) yaitu kupu- penduduk sering menggunakan lokasi kupu yang aktif pada siang hari dan ini sebagai tempat pengembalaan sapi subordo heterocera (moth) yaitu ngengat dan kerbau mereka. Urine dan kotoran yang aktif pada malam hari dan tertarik ternak disukai kupu-kupu sebagai oleh cahaya lampu. Kupu-kupu sumber mineral yang dibutuhkan untuk mempunyai dua pasang sayap, sayap keperluan reproduksi. 45 Jurnal Konservasi Hayati Vol. 10 No. 02 Oktober 2019, hlm 45-48 ISSN 0216-9487 Di kawasan Taman Hutan Raya udara dengan menggunakan (TAHURA) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu, thermometer, kelembaban udara dengan ditemukan kupu-kupu yang indah dan menggunakan hygrometer, intensitas sangat beragam salah satunya famili cahaya dengan menggunakan lux meter, Papilionidae. Penelitian yang dilakukan kecepatan angin dengan menggunakan oleh Astuti (2006) tentang “Jenis-Jenis anemometer , mengukur ketinggian Kupu-Kupu Papilionidae Dan tempat dengan menggunakan GPS, Nymphalidae Di Zona Penerima Taman pengukuran dilakukan dengan 3 kali Hutan Raya Rajo Lelo Bengkulu” ulangan. Identifikasi kupu kupu ditemukan 11 jenis Papilionidae. dilakukan di Laboratorium Basic Diduga dengan telah perubahannya science Jurusan Biologi FMIPA zona lingkungan awal akan berpengaruh Universitas Bengkulu Kemudian, terhadap jenis dan jumlah Papilionidae dikeringkan ke dalam oven selama 3 di zona penerima. hari dengan suhu 400C. Setelah kering, sampel kupu-kupu dimasukkan kedalam METODE kotak koleksi, diberi label dan kapur Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan barus sebagai pengawet (Boror et al, pada bulan Juni-Agustus 2017. Koleksi 1992). Selanjutnya, kupu-kupu di jenis kupu-kupu (Papilionidae) di Zona identifikasi dengan memakai buku Penerima Taman Hutan Raya acuan Kanisius (1991) , Borror et al. (TAHURA) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu dan (1992), Peggie (2006), Salmah (2002) identifikasi kupu-kupu dilakukan di dan mencocokan dengan spesimen yang Laboraturium Basic science Jurusan ada di laboratorium Biologi FMIPA Biologi FMIPA Universitas Bengkulu. Universitas Bengkulu dan dibuat Pengamatan di Lapangan Untuk deskripsinya. mengkoleksi kupu- kupu (Papilionidae) pada masing- masing titik lokasi HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Kawasan Taman Hutan Raya Hasil penelitian yang di lakukan (TAHURA) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu di tentang jenis kupu-kupu Papilionidae lakukan dengan metode jelajah. Di Zona Penerima Taman Hutan Raya Pengkoleksian kupu-kupu dilakukan (TAHURA) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu dua kali dalam satu minggu selama 5 ditemukan kupu-kupu Papilioidae minggu Waktu pengkoleksian kupu- sebanyak 7 spesies dengan individu kupu dilakukan pada pagi hari pukul sebanyak 76 individu yang termasuk ke 08.00-10.00 WIB dan sore hari dalam 4 genus yaitu genus Graphium, pada pukul genus Pachliopta, genus Papilio, dan 15.00-17.00 WIB. Hasil pengambilan genus Troides Kupu-kupu Paplionidae sampel dicatat jumlah jenis baru yang yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian ditemukan kemudian dicatat jenis terdiri dari 7 spesies dan 80 individu tanaman inang dan pakannya. yaitu genus Graphium dengan spesies Pengambilan sampel akan dihentikan Graphium agamemnon Linn, Grapihum setelah satu minggu tidak ada lagi sarpedon Linn, genus Pachliopta penambahan kupu- kupu (Papilionidae) dengan spesies Pachliopta aristolochiae jenis baru. Kupu-kupu ditangkap Fabricius, genus Papilio dengan menggunakan jaring serangga (insecting Papilio polytes Cramer, Papilio net) untuk keperluan identifikasi. memnon Linn, Papilio palinurus Fabr, Pada saat pengambilan sampel, genus Troides dengan spesies Troides dilakukan pengukuran faktor fisis suhu helena Linn 46 Jurnal Konservasi Hayati Vol. 10 No. 02 Oktober 2019, hlm 45-48 ISSN 0216-9487 Ada 4 jenis Papilionidae yang Fabricius, Papilio memnon, Papilio tidak ditemukan dalam penelitian ini polytes Cramer, Papilio palinurus yaitu Graphium antiphates, Papilio Fabricius, Troides helena Linn demeleus, Papilio helenus, Papilio nephelus , hal ini di duga karena telah DAFTAR PUSTAKA terjadinya perubahan zona lingkungan Astuti, S.p. 2006. Jenis-Jenis Kupu- yang mana daerah sekitar zona Kupu Papilionidae Dan penerima telah banyak berubah. Yang Nymphalidae Di Zona Penerima awalnya masih banyak terdapat Taman Hutan Raya Raja Lelo tanaman- tanaman sekang menjadi Bengkulu.Universitas Bengkulu lahan yang terbuka. (tidak dipublikasikan) Faktor lain yang juga Boror, D.J.; Triplehorn, C.A. & menyebabkan adanya Perbedaan jumlah Johnson, N.F. 1992. Pengenalan spesies yang ditemukan di Zona Pelajaran Serangga. Edisi ke-6 Penerima Taman Hutan Raya (Terjemahan oleh Partosoedjono (TAHURA) Rajo Lelo Bengkulu S.). Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada disebabkan karena berbedaan faktor University Press. lingkungan yang mendukung kehidupan Dahelmi, S. Salmah, dan H. kupu-kupu, diantaranya tanaman inang, Herwina.2009. Diversitas Kupu- tanaman pakan, sumber mineral yang di kupu (Butterflies) Pada Beberapa butuhkan kupu-kupu dan faktor abiotik. Taman Nasional di Sumatra. Menurut Peggie (2010), Kupu-kupu Laporan Penelitian Hibah memilih tumbuhan inang tertentu untuk Strategis Nasional. Universitas meletakkan telurnya. Tumbuhan inang Andalas. Padang. ini akan menjadi sumber makanan bagi Dendang, B. 2009. Keragaman Kupu- larva kupu-kupu. Apabila keberadaan kupu di Resort Selabintana Taman tumbuhan inang mulai menghilang, Nasional Gunung Gede maka dikhawatirkan kupu-kupu Pangrajo,Jawa Barat. Jurnal terancam punah. Penelitian Hutan dan Konservasi Dari hasil penelitian juga Alam, 5(1): 25-36 ditemukan satu jenis kupu-kupu Helmiyetti, Manaf. S dan H.K. Papilionidae yang di lindungi UU. NO. Sinambela. 2012. Jenis-jenis Kupu- 5 tahun 1990, PP. NO 7 Tahun 1999 kupu (Butterflies) yang terdapat di dan masuk dalam katagori CITES Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat Apendik II, yaitu Troides helena Linn Resor Ketenong Kecamatan Pinang yang ditemukan sebanyak 7 individu Belapis Kabupaten Lebong Propinsi selama penelitian Bengkulu. Jurnal Konseravsi Hayati. 8 : 22-28. SIMPULAN Joshpine, B. C. M. F. 2016. Jenis Kupu- Berdasarkan penelitian yang Kupu Papilionidae Di Taman Kota telah dilakukan tentang jenis-jenis kupu- Argamakmur Kabupaten Bengkulu kupu papilionidae Di Zona Penerima Utara Propinsi Bengkulu. Skripsi. Taman Hutan Raya (TAHURA) Raja Jurusan Biologi Universitas Lelo Bengkulu, maka dapat simpulkan Bengkulu. (Tidak Dipublikasikan). bahwa spesies kupu-kupu yang Kanisius. 1991. Kunci Determinasi ditemukan sebanyak 7 jenis yaitu Serangga. Yogyakarta. Anggota Grapihum agamemnon Linn, Grapihum IKAPI sarpedon Linn, Pachlioptaaristolochiae 47 Jurnal Konservasi Hayati Vol. 10 No. 02 Oktober 2019, hlm 45-48 ISSN 0216-9487 Nurjana ST. 2010. Biologi Triodes helena helena dan Triodes helena Hephaestus (papilionidae) di penangkaran [tesis]. Bogor (ID): Institus Pertanian Bogor. Pamultra, C. 2016. Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Butterflies)Di Kawasan Konservasi Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Pantai Panjang Dan Pulau Baai Provinsi Bengkulu. Skripsi. Jurusan Biologi Universitas Bengkulu. (Tidak dipublikasikan) Peggie, D dan M. Amir. 2006. Panduan Praktis Kupu-kupu di Kebun Raya Bogor. Cibinong. LIPIJ Salmah, S. I. Abbas, dan Dahelmi. 2002. Kupu-Kupu Papilionidae di Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat. Laporan Penelitian KEHATI. Departemen Kehutanan. Taman Nasional Kerinci. Soekardi, H. 2007. Kupu-Kupu Di Kampus Unila.Unipersitas Lampung Bandar Lampung Sutra, N.S.M., Dahelmi., dan Salma, S. 2012. Spesies Kupu-Kupu (Rhopalocera) Ditanjung Balai Karimun Kabupaten Karimun Kepulauan Riau. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas. Vol.1(1): 35-44 Suantra, N.S.M.,2000. Keragaman Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Jawa Barat. [skripsi] Jurusan Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Institu Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. (tidak dipublikasikan) 48.
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