DOCSLIB.ORG

Scanned Using Fujitsu 6670 Scanner and Scandall Pro Ver 1.7 Software

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scanned Using Fujitsu 6670 Scanner and Scandall Pro Ver 1.7 Software 923 1984/180 THE DRUG TARIFF 1984 PURSUANT to section 99 of the Social Security Act 1964, the Minister of Health hereby gives the following direction. ANALYSIS I. Title and commencement 17. Payment for practitioners' supply orders 2. Interpretation 18. Rectified spirit PART I PART III GENERAL RULES AFFECTING DIRECTION MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS 3. Scope of direction 19. Claims on Department 4. Rules for standard 20. Allergy treatment sets 5. Prices for pharmaceutical requirements 21. Payment for syringes and needles 22. Payment for plastic syringes PART II 23. Payment for intravenous fluids 24. Payment for anaesthetic gases RULES FOR PRICING 25. Period and quantity of supply where 6. Application of rules for pricing prescription written by medical 7. Prescription pricing practitioner 8. Computation of selling price 26. Period and quantity of supply in respect 9. Items not listed in First Schedule to of prescriptions for oral contraceptives Prescription Pricing Schedules 27. Period and quantity of supply when 10. Items dispensed by count prescription written by dentist 11. Official requirements not in First Schedule 28. Original packs, and certain antibiotics to Prescriptioll Pricing Schedules 29. Bulk supply orders 12. Rounding calculations 30. Practitioner's supply orders 13. Minimum charges 31. Wholesale suppfy orders 14. Adjustment of dose volumes of oral liquid 32. Endorsement of prescrip,tion with words pharmaceutical requirements "Approved condition' 15. Water 33. Revocations and savings 16. Payment for bulk supply orders Schedule DIRECTION 1. Title and commencement-(l) This direction may be cited as the Drug Tariff 1984. (2) This direction shall come into force on the 1st day of August 1984. 2. Interpretation-(I) In this direction, unless the context otherwise requires,- "The Act" means the Social Security Act 1964: "Class B controlled drug" means a Class B controlled drug within the meaning of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975: "Controlled drug" means a controlled drug within the meaning of the Misuse of Drugs Act 1975 (other than a controlled drug specified in Part VI of the Third Schedule of that Act): "The Department" means the Department of Health: 924 Drug Tariff 1984 1984/180 "Director· General" means the Director·General of Health: "Hospital Board" means a Hospital Board constituted under the Hospitals Act 1957: "Licensed hospital" means a place or institution that is- (a) A licensed hospital within the meaning of Part V of the Hospitals Act 1957; or (b) Recognised and approved as a hospital for the purposes of Part 11 of the Act: "Month" means a period of 30 days: "Outpatient" means any person being treated at any hospital under the control of a Hospital Board otherwise than as an mmate: "Payment" means payment by the Department in accordance with the terms of this direction: "Prescription Pricing Schedules" means the official schedules for prescription pricing issued by the Department from time to time for the purpose of determining the prices to be paid to contractors in respect of pharmaceutical requirements supplied by them; and includes the Revised Prescription Pricing Schedules referred to in subclause (3) of clause 5 of tills direction; but does not include any suspension of the Prescription Pricing Schedules referred to in subclause (8) of that clause: "Proprietary preparation" means a pharmaceutical requirement that is supplied by reference to a trade mark or trade name or by reference to the name of its manufacturer: "The regulations" means the Social Security (Pharmaceutical Benefits) Regulations 1965": "Secretary" means the Secretary of Trade and Industry: "Selling Price" means the r,rice specified in the colwnn headed "Prescription Selling Price ' in the First Schedule to the Prescription Pricing Schedules or as calculated under clause 9 or clause 10 of this direction, as the case may be. (2) Subject to subclause O} of this clause, expressions defined in section 88 of the Act or regulation 2 of the regulations have the meanings so defined. PART I GENERAL RULES AFFECTING DIRECTION 8. Scope of direction-(l) Subject to- (a) Subclause (2) of this clause; and (b) The restrictions as to its availability (if any) specified in the second colwnn of Part II of the Schedule to this direction opposite the reference to it in the first column of that Part,- every medicine, drug, and material specified in the first column of Part n of the Schedule to this direction, and every preparation (having an inert base) of any of them, is hereby declared to be included in this direction and to be a pharmaceutical requirement for its purposes. (2) Materials belonging to the following classes shall be deemed not to be included in this direction and not to be pharmaceutical requirements: *S.R. 1965/41 Amendment No. I: S.R. 1969;240 Amendment No. 2: S.R. 1972/14 Amendment No. 3: S.R. 1974140 1984/180 Drug Tariff 1984 925 (a) Substances, or combinations of substances, ordered for any purpose other than- (i) Treatment of a patient's medical or dental condition; or (ii) Pregnancy tests; or (ill) Contraceptive purposes: (h) Substances, or combinations of substances, ordered by a dentist for the treatment of a patient's dental condition and intended for injection, and being (or containing as an active ingredient) a local anaesthetic: (c) Unless it is specified in Part II of the Schedule to this direction that they be so packed, substances, and combinations of substances, packed under pressure in aerosol cans or other similar devices: (d) Electrode jellies: (e) Unless it is specified in Part II of the Schedule to this direction that they be so packed, eye drops packed in single-dose units: (f) Insect repellants and similar preparations: (g) Unless it is specified in Part 11 of the Schedule to this direction that they be in such a form, oral preparations in long-acting form: (h) Unless it is specified in Part 11 of the Schedule to this direction that they be in such a form, substances, or combinations of substances, in lozenge or similar form: (i) Machine-spread plasters: g) Preparations prescribed as foods: (k) Unless they are deemed or declared to be pharmaceutical requirements elsewhere in this direction, sub"tances, combinations of substances, or articles, in the form of proprietary medicines or proprietary articles: (l) Shampoos (other than extemporaneously prepared medicated shampoos, or shampoos specified in Part 11 of the Schedule to this direction, intended for the treatment of a patient's medical condition): (m) Toilet preparations: (n) Tooth pastes and powders: (0) Lubricating jellies and catheter lubricants: (p) Sterile diluents for nebulising solutions: (q) Unless it is specified in Part 11 of the Schedule to this direction that they be in such a form, substances for transdermal delivery: (r) Unless it is specified in Part 11 of the Schedule to this direction that they be in such a form, substances in eye inserts_ 4. R.ules for standard-(l) No claim by a contractor for payment in respect of the supply of pharmaceutical requirements by lum shall be allowed unless the requirements so supplied comply- (a) With the appropriate standards prescribed by regulations for the time being in force under the Medicines Act 1981; or (h) In the absence of any such standards, with the appropriate standards for the time being prescribed by the British Pharmacopoeia; or (c) In the absence of any of the standards prescribed by paragraph (al or paragraph (h) of this subclause, with the appropriate standards for the time being prescribed by the British Pharmaceutical Codex. (2) In the absence of any of the standards prescribed by subclause (1) of this clause, the grade or quality of the product supplied shall not be lower than that ordinarily used for medicinal purposes. 926 Drug Tariff 1984 1984/180 5. Prices for pharmaceutical requirements-( 1) Subject to clause 19 of this direction and to subclause (8) of this clause, payment shall be made in respect of claims for phannaceutical requirements in accordance with the pnces specified in the First Schedule to the Prescription Pricing Schedules and in accordance with the rules for pricing contained in Part II of this direction. (2) Subject to clause 19 of this direction, where the price of any phannaceutical requirement is not specified as provided in subclause (1) of this clause, rayment shall be made in accordance with the rules contained in Part II 0 this direction. (3) Revised Prescription Pricing Schedules shall come into force on the 1st day of April, August, or December, in every year, or such other date as may be recommended by the appropriate committee, and payment in respect of any claims for phannaceutical requirements, whatever their date, received by the Department on or after the 16th day following the effective date of the revision shall be calculated in accordance with the prices specified in that revision. (4) Subject to subclauses (5) to (7) of this clause, if any phannaceutical requirements are supplied to a patient as phannaceutical benefits, they shall be so supplied free of charge to the patient, except that, if the requirements are to be delivered to the patient elsewhere than at the phannacy or other place of business of the contractor, a reasonable charge in accordance with regulation 14 (2) of the regulations may be made for the delivery. (5) A contractor may charge a customer with- (a) The price of any phannaceutical requirements that are supplied by him in excess of the maximum quantities specified in this direction: (b) In the case of a proprietary preparation that is specifically ordered by a practitioner and supplied by the contractor or a pharmaceutical requirement referred to in clause 8 (2) of this direction, the excess of the price of the preparation or requirement above the amount payable as calculated in accordance with the Prescription Pricing Schedules and the rules for pricing contained in this direction.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • CANVAS Trial)
    Effectiveness research with Real World Data to support FDA’s regulatory decision making 1. RCT Details This section provides a high-level overview of the RCT that the described real-world evidence study is trying to replicate as closely as possible given the remaining limitations inherent in the healthcare databases. 1.1 Title Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes (CANVAS trial) 1.2 Intended aim(s) To compare canagliflozin to placebo on cardiovascular (CV) events including CV death, heart attack, and stroke in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), whose diabetes is not well controlled at the beginning of the study and who have a history of CV events or have a high risk for CV events. 1.3 Primary endpoint for replication and RCT finding Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events, Including CV Death, Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Nonfatal Stroke 1.4 Required power for primary endpoint and noninferiority margin (if applicable) With 688 cardiovascular safety events recorded across the trials, there would be at least 90% power, at an alpha level of 0.05, to exclude an upper margin of the 95% confidence interval for the hazard ratio of 1.3. 1.5 Primary trial estimate targeted for replication HR = 0.86 (95% CI 0.75–0.97) comparing canagliflozin to placebo (Neal et al., 2017) 2. Person responsible for implementation of replication in Aetion Ajinkya Pawar, Ph.D. implemented the study design in the Aetion Evidence Platform. S/he is not responsible for the validity of the design and analytic choices. All implementation steps are recorded and the implementation history is archived in the platform.
    [Show full text]
  • Correlation Between Clinical Response to Hormone Therapy and Steroid Receptor Content in Prostatic Cancer1
    [CANCER RESEARCH 38, 4345-4348, November 1978] 0008-5472/78/0038-0000$02.00 Correlation between Clinical Response to Hormone Therapy and Steroid Receptor Content in Prostatic Cancer1 Jan-Àke Gustafsson, Peter Ekman, Marek Snochowski, Anders Zetterberg, Ake Pousette, and Bertil Hogberg Department of Chemistry, Karolinska Institute [J.-A. G., M. S., A. P.], and Department of Urology [P. E.¡and Clinical Pathology Laboratory ¡A.2.], Karolinska Hospital, 104 01 Stockholm 60, Sweden, and Department of Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute and AB LEO Research Laboratories, Helsingborg, Sweden [B. H.] Abstract radical prostatectomy (3); in most other countries the figures are much lower. Hormonal therapy is the dominating form of treatment Thus, hormonal treatment (orchidectomy, estrogen or for prostatic carcinoma. The majority of cases (80%) are progestin administration) is the major tool to control the well controlled for varying times with this regimen. How growth of prostatic cancer. Estrogen therapy is the most ever, thus far there have been no adequate methods to common form of therapy in many countries. However, this predict in which cases hormonal therapy is of less benefit. treatment has many side effects, and the cardiovascular Measurement of cancer tissue content of intracellular complications have gained increasing attention. The mech hormone receptors constitutes progress toward a more anism behind the estrogen activity is still obscure; the individualized therapy in prostatic carcinoma. In this study secretion of luteinizing hormone from the pituitary is de biopsies from 16 cancer patients were taken before ther creased, and, consequently, androgen secretion from the apy was given, and the specimens were analyzed with testes is decreased.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pharmaceutical Product for Hormone Replacement Therapy Comprising Tibolone Or a Derivative Thereof and Estradiol Or a Derivative Thereof
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001522306A1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 522 306 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.7: A61K 31/567, A61K 31/565, 13.04.2005 Bulletin 2005/15 A61P 15/12 (21) Application number: 03103726.0 (22) Date of filing: 08.10.2003 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Perez, Francisco AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR 08970 Sant Joan Despi (Barcelona) (ES) HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR • Banado M., Carlos Designated Extension States: 28033 Madrid (ES) AL LT LV MK (74) Representative: Markvardsen, Peter et al (71) Applicant: Liconsa, Liberacion Controlada de Markvardsen Patents, Sustancias Activas, S.A. Patent Department, 08028 Barcelona (ES) P.O. Box 114, Favrholmvaenget 40 (72) Inventors: 3400 Hilleroed (DK) • Palacios, Santiago 28001 Madrid (ES) (54) A pharmaceutical product for hormone replacement therapy comprising tibolone or a derivative thereof and estradiol or a derivative thereof (57) A pharmaceutical product comprising an effec- arate or sequential use in a method for hormone re- tive amount of tibolone or derivative thereof, an effective placement therapy or prevention of hypoestrogenism amount of estradiol or derivative thereof and a pharma- associated clinical symptoms in a human person, in par- ceutically acceptable carrier, wherein the product is pro- ticular wherein the human is a postmenopausal woman. vided as a combined preparation for simultaneous, sep- EP 1 522 306 A1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) 1 EP 1 522 306 A1 2 Description [0008] The review article of Journal of Steroid Bio- chemistry and Molecular Biology (2001), 76(1-5), FIELD OF THE INVENTION: 231-238 provides a review of some of these compara- tive studies.
    [Show full text]
  • Eligibility Regulations for Transgender Athletes
    ELIGIBILITY REGULATIONS FOR TRANSGENDER ATHLETES In the case of confidential queries regarding cases affected by these Transgender Regulations, please contact: WT Medical Manager (email: [email protected]) Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2. Application ........................................................................................................................ 3 3. Eligibility Conditions For Transgender Athletes ................................................................... 5 3a. Eligibility conditions for Transgender male athletes .......................................................... 5 3b. Eligibility conditions for Transgender female athletes ....................................................... 5 3c. Provisions applicable to all Transgender athletes .............................................................. 5 4. Assessment by the Expert Panel ......................................................................................... 7 5. Monitoring/Investigating Compliance ................................................................................ 9 6. Disciplinary Proceedings .................................................................................................... 11 7. Dispute Resolution ............................................................................................................ 12 8. Confidentiality .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DIX to the HTSUS—Continued
    20558 Federal Register / Vol. 60, No. 80 / Wednesday, April 26, 1995 / Notices DEPARMENT OF THE TREASURY Services, U.S. Customs Service, 1301 TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL APPEN- Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DIX TO THE HTSUSÐContinued Customs Service D.C. 20229 at (202) 927±1060. CAS No. Pharmaceutical [T.D. 95±33] Dated: April 14, 1995. 52±78±8 ..................... NORETHANDROLONE. A. W. Tennant, 52±86±8 ..................... HALOPERIDOL. Pharmaceutical Tables 1 and 3 of the Director, Office of Laboratories and Scientific 52±88±0 ..................... ATROPINE METHONITRATE. HTSUS 52±90±4 ..................... CYSTEINE. Services. 53±03±2 ..................... PREDNISONE. 53±06±5 ..................... CORTISONE. AGENCY: Customs Service, Department TABLE 1.ÐPHARMACEUTICAL 53±10±1 ..................... HYDROXYDIONE SODIUM SUCCI- of the Treasury. NATE. APPENDIX TO THE HTSUS 53±16±7 ..................... ESTRONE. ACTION: Listing of the products found in 53±18±9 ..................... BIETASERPINE. Table 1 and Table 3 of the CAS No. Pharmaceutical 53±19±0 ..................... MITOTANE. 53±31±6 ..................... MEDIBAZINE. Pharmaceutical Appendix to the N/A ............................. ACTAGARDIN. 53±33±8 ..................... PARAMETHASONE. Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the N/A ............................. ARDACIN. 53±34±9 ..................... FLUPREDNISOLONE. N/A ............................. BICIROMAB. 53±39±4 ..................... OXANDROLONE. United States of America in Chemical N/A ............................. CELUCLORAL. 53±43±0
    [Show full text]
  • Cumulative Cross Index to Iarc Monographs
    PERSONAL HABITS AND INDOOR COMBUSTIONS volume 100 e A review of humAn cArcinogens This publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans, which met in Lyon, 29 September-6 October 2009 LYON, FRANCE - 2012 iArc monogrAphs on the evAluAtion of cArcinogenic risks to humAns CUMULATIVE CROSS INDEX TO IARC MONOGRAPHS The volume, page and year of publication are given. References to corrigenda are given in parentheses. A A-α-C .............................................................40, 245 (1986); Suppl. 7, 56 (1987) Acenaphthene ........................................................................92, 35 (2010) Acepyrene ............................................................................92, 35 (2010) Acetaldehyde ........................36, 101 (1985) (corr. 42, 263); Suppl. 7, 77 (1987); 71, 319 (1999) Acetaldehyde associated with the consumption of alcoholic beverages ..............100E, 377 (2012) Acetaldehyde formylmethylhydrazone (see Gyromitrin) Acetamide .................................... 7, 197 (1974); Suppl. 7, 56, 389 (1987); 71, 1211 (1999) Acetaminophen (see Paracetamol) Aciclovir ..............................................................................76, 47 (2000) Acid mists (see Sulfuric acid and other strong inorganic acids, occupational exposures to mists and vapours from) Acridine orange ...................................................16, 145 (1978); Suppl. 7, 56 (1987) Acriflavinium chloride ..............................................13,
    [Show full text]
  • Estradiol for the Mitigation of Adverse Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy
    248 N Russell et al. Estradiol and androgen 24:8 R297–R313 Review deprivation therapy Estradiol for the mitigation of adverse effects of androgen deprivation therapy Nicholas Russell1,2, Ada Cheung1,2 and Mathis Grossmann1,2 Correspondence should be addressed 1 Department of Endocrinology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia to N Russell 2 Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia Email [email protected] Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. Key Words Conventional endocrine treatment for PCa leads to global sex steroid deprivation. f endocrine therapy The ensuing severe hypogonadism is associated with well-documented adverse effects. f prostate Recently, it has become apparent that many of the biological actions attributed to f estrogen androgens in men are in fact not direct, but mediated by estradiol. Available evidence f androgen supports a primary role for estradiol in vasomotor stability, skeletal maturation and f testosterone maintenance, and prevention of fat accumulation. Hence there has been interest in revisiting estradiol as a treatment for PCa. Potential roles for estradiol could be in lieu of conventional androgen deprivation therapy or as low-dose add-back treatment while continuing androgen deprivation therapy. These strategies may limit some of the side Endocrine-Related Cancer Endocrine-Related effects associated with conventional androgen deprivation therapy. However, although available data are reassuring, the potential for cardiovascular risk and pro-carcinogenic Endocrine-Related Cancer effects on PCa via estrogen receptor signalling must be considered. (2017) 24, R297–R313 Introduction Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly and extragonadal androgen synthesis inhibitors.
    [Show full text]
  • Vastly Extended Drug Release from Poly(Pro-17β-Estradiol)
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12835-w OPEN Vastly extended drug release from poly(pro-17β- estradiol) materials facilitates in vitro neurotrophism and neuroprotection Anthony R. D’Amato 1, Devan L. Puhl 1,3, Samuel A.T. Ellman2,3, Bailey Balouch1, Ryan J. Gilbert 1*& Edmund F. Palermo 2* 1234567890():,; Central nervous system (CNS) injuries persist for years, and currently there are no ther- apeutics that can address the complex injury cascade that develops over this time-scale. 17β- estradiol (E2) has broad tropism within the CNS, targeting and inducing beneficial phenotypic changes in myriad cells following injury. To address the unmet need for vastly prolonged E2 release, we report first-generation poly(pro-E2) biomaterial scaffolds that release E2 at nanomolar concentrations over the course of 1–10 years via slow hydrolysis in vitro. As a result of their finely tuned properties, these scaffolds demonstrate the ability to promote and guide neurite extension ex vivo and protect neurons from oxidative stress in vitro. The design and testing of these materials reported herein demonstrate the first step towards next- generation implantable biomaterials with prolonged release and excellent regenerative potential. 1 Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, USA. 2 Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th St., Troy, NY 12180, USA. 3These authors contributed equally: Devan L. Puhl, Samuel A.T. Ellman. *email: [email protected]; [email protected] NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | (2019) 10:4830 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12835-w | www.nature.com/naturecommunications 1 ARTICLE NATURE COMMUNICATIONS | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12835-w njuries to the Central Nervous System (CNS), including Spinal thereby enabling faster regeneration along the orientation of the ICord Injury (SCI) and Traumatic Brian Injury (TBI), present fibers33.
    [Show full text]
  • WO 2019/094700 Al 16 May 2019 (16.05.2019) W 1P O PCT
    (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date WO 2019/094700 Al 16 May 2019 (16.05.2019) W 1P O PCT (51) International Patent Classification: (72) Inventors: SANTOS, Michael; One Kendall Square, C07K 14/435 (2006.01) A01K 67/04 (2006.01) Building 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (US). A01K 67/00 (2006.01) C07K 14/00 (2006.01) DELISLE, Scott; One Kendall Square, Building 200, Cam¬ A01K 67/033 (2006.01) bridge, Massachusetts 02139 (US). TWEED-KENT, Ailis; One Kendall Square, Building 200, Cambridge, Massa¬ (21) International Application Number: chusetts 02139 (US). EASTHON, Lindsey; One Kendall PCT/US20 18/059996 Square, Building 200, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (22) International Filing Date: (US). PATTNI, Bhushan S.; 15 Evergreen Circle, Canton, 09 November 2018 (09. 11.2018) Massachusetts 02021 (US). (25) Filing Language: English (74) Agent: WARD, Donna T. et al; DT Ward, P.C., 142A Main Street, Groton, Massachusetts 01450 (US). (26) Publication Language: English (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, 62/584,153 10 November 2017 (10. 11.2017) US AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, 62/659,213 18 April 2018 (18.04.2018) US CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, 62/659,209 18 April 2018 (18.04.2018) US DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, 62/680,386 04 June 2018 (04.06.2018) US HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, 62/680,371 04 June 2018 (04.06.2018) US KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (71) Applicant: COCOON BIOTECH INC.
    [Show full text]
  • Controversies in the Management of Advanced Prostate Cancer
    British Journal of Cancer (1999) 79(1), 146–155 © 1999 Cancer Research Campaign Controversies in the management of advanced prostate cancer CJ Tyrrell Oncology Research Unit, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth, UK Summary For advanced prostate cancer, the main hormone treatment against which other treatments are assessed is surgical castration. It is simple, safe and effective, however it is not acceptable to all patients. Medical castration by means of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) analogues such as goserelin acetate provides an alternative to surgical castration. Diethylstilboestrol, previously the only non-surgical alternative to orchidectomy, is no longer routinely used. Castration reduces serum testosterone by around 90%, but does not affect androgen biosynthesis in the adrenal glands. Addition of an anti-androgen to medical or surgical castration blocks the effect of remaining testosterone on prostate cells and is termed combined androgen blockade (CAB). CAB has now been compared with castration alone (medical and surgical) in numerous clinical trials. Some trials show advantage of CAB over castration, whereas others report no significant difference. The author favours the view that CAB has an advantage over castration. No study has reported that CAB is less effective than castration. Of the anti-androgens which are available for use in CAB, bicalutamide may be associated with a lower incidence of side-effects compared with the other non-steroidal anti-androgens and, in common with nilutamide, has the advantage of once-daily dosing. Only one study has compared anti-androgens within CAB: bicalutamide plus LH-RH analogue and flutamide plus LH-RH analogue. At 160- week follow-up, the groups were equivalent in terms of survival and time to progression.
    [Show full text]
  • Stembook 2018.Pdf
    The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances FORMER DOCUMENT NUMBER: WHO/PHARM S/NOM 15 WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1 © World Health Organization 2018 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. Suggested citation. The use of stems in the selection of International Nonproprietary Names (INN) for pharmaceutical substances. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018 (WHO/EMP/RHT/TSN/2018.1). Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.
    [Show full text]
  • Parenteral Estrogen Versus Combined Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Cancer - Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No
    Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology ISSN: 0036-5599 (Print) 1651-2065 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/isju19 Parenteral Estrogen versus Combined Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Cancer - Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5 Per Olov Hedlund, Martti Ala-Opas, Einar Brekkan, Jan Erik Damber, Lena Damber, Inger Hagerman, Svein Haukaas, Peter Henriksson, Peter Iversen, Åke Pousette, Finn Rasmussen, Jaakko Salo, Sigmund Vaage & Eberhard Varenhorst To cite this article: Per Olov Hedlund, Martti Ala-Opas, Einar Brekkan, Jan Erik Damber, Lena Damber, Inger Hagerman, Svein Haukaas, Peter Henriksson, Peter Iversen, Åke Pousette, Finn Rasmussen, Jaakko Salo, Sigmund Vaage & Eberhard Varenhorst (2002) Parenteral Estrogen versus Combined Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Cancer - Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5, Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology, 36:6, 405-413, DOI: 10.1080/003655902762467549 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/003655902762467549 Published online: 09 Jul 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 72 Citing articles: 33 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=isju20 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Parenteral Estrogen versus Combined Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Cancer ScandinavianProstatic Cancer Group(SPCG) Study No. 5 Per Olov Hedlund,
    [Show full text]