Section News N ewsletter Fe atures •Theory Section Miniconference •Space & Social T heory •Book and Journal Announcements • W iller R esponds to Turner •Call for Papers •Marx on Globalization

THE ASA April 2002r THEORY SECTION NEWSLETTER Perspectives VOLUME 25, NUMBER 2r Message from the Chair Section Officers CHAIR Theory Section Miniconference: Gary Alan Fine and Empirical CHAIR-ELECT Research Linda D. Molm Gary Alan Fine, PAST CHAIR Douglas Heckathorn nce again at the 2002 ASA meetings the Theory Section will sponsor its now traditional mini-conference. This year the section has SECRETARY-TREASURER Oarranged three sessions dealing with “Sociological Theory and Empirical Murray Webster Research,” an important and somewhat controversial topic. Often sociologists per- ceive - justly or not - a grand divide between scholars who do “research” and those COUNCIL who are “theorists” (sometimes denigrated as “only theorists”). Such a claim is like Robert J. Antonio many claims both partly true and partly (mostly?) false. Some theorists focus on Jorge Arditi reading texts (which, too, might be considered research) and others synthesize their worldly experience in webs of subtle argumentation without a narrowly defined Edward J. Lawler research topic or “site.” In fact, theorists in general and members of the section in Cecilia L. Ridgeway particular are deeply and prominently involved in empirical research endeavors. The Robin Stryker methodologies selected range across the full range of methodologies used by those Robin Wagner-Pacifici who do not claim the label of theorist: whether they, too, are theorists is a question best held for other venues. SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY EDITOR See MINICONFERENCE on page 2 Jonathan Turner When Collide: Marx’s Notes PERSPECTIVES EDITORS on Globalization J. David Knottnerus & Jean Van Delinder David N. Smith, University of Kansas

umors of Marx’s intellectual death have flown freely in the nearly twelve Submit news and commentary to: decades since his physical demise, at the age of 64, in 1883. And just as often, R Marx’s disciples call these rumors exaggerated. J. David Knottnerus and Jean Van Delinder New cycles in this debate often pivot around new texts. As early as 1898, not long Department of after the unfinished third volume of Capital appeared, the eminent socialist Eduard CLB 006 Bernstein argued that the very incompleteness of Marx’s work testified “eloquently” Oklahoma State University to its inadequacy. Rosa Luxemburg, among others, objected. But fresh evidence on Stillwater, OK 74078-4062 the subject remained scarce until the 1920s, when a new cycle of debate was spurred (see inside for phone, fax, & e-mail) by the triumph of Social Democracy in Germany and Bolshevism in Russia. Now See MARX on page 7 Page 2 Perspectives

MINICONFERENCE from page 1 cratic method of interrogating theory was I contend that empirical research is and an approach that I found compelling, if Journal should be central to the doing of theory. filled with challenge and some measure To this end, I have requested that three of intellectual danger. Add to this, the fact Announcement of our prominent members - Michele that my father was a Freudian analyst, and Lamont, Murray Webster, and James Rieff’s Freud: The Mind of the Moralist and The Responsive Community: Chriss organize sessions on the linkage of The Triumph of the Therapeutic were person- Rights and Responsibilities sociological theory and empirical research. ally liberating texts. As theorists, we are Michele Lamont has organized a panel continually in danger of forgetting our The Responsive Community: Rights and that deals with qualitative and historical brilliant colleagues, and it is our responsi- Responsibilities is offering a special research traditions and their relationship bility to insure that the contributions of subscription rate to readers of the to theory. Murray Webster’s panel covers past generations are not erased: a mes- Perspectives Newsletter—a one-year formal, mathematical, and experimental sage that our students will do well to re- subscription for $20, or a two-year research. Jim Chriss has selected the pa- call. subscription for $30. The regular pers that were contributed for our open prices are $27 and $48, respectively. session into a general session on theory “Mini-Conference I: Sociological and research. As is usual in this case, he Theory and Empirical Research: The Responsive Community is an received many more fine papers than Qualitative Approaches” intellectual quarterly journal which could be accommodated, and so the Chair: Michele Lamont, Princeton Uni- tackles a wide range of social, Theory Section Roundtables, organized versity moral and legal issues, typically by Jorge Arditi, include some of the over- Papers: from a communitarian viewpoint. flow on the same theme. “Evidence and the Explanation of Ac- Articles in recent issues include: Jean tion” - Richard Biernacki, University Bethke Elshtain on the just war While the mini-conference is as diverse as of California at San Diego and the tradition, Amitai Etzioni on might be expected, given the member- Center for Advanced Research in the legislating morality, Amy Goldstein ship of the section, and while some Behavioral Sciences and Roberto Suro on assimilation speakers talk about the theory of meth- “Manufacturing Numbers” - Wendy Nel- in American society, Laurence Tribe odology and others present empirical re- son Espeland, Northwestern Univer- on a constitutional response to search, the central thrust about the rela- sity, and Mitchell L. Stevens, Hamilton , and Alan Wolfe on the tionship between theory and empirical College future of American society. social science is sure to raise critical ques- “Categories and Criteria of Evaluation tions that theorists of all perspectives can of Research Proposals in the Social Sci- For more information about the debate. ences and the Humanities.” - Michele journal, feel free to visit our website Lamont, Joshua Guetzkow and Gre- at In addition to the three mini-conference goire Mallard, Princeton University panels, I have arranged a fourth panel, “On Poems, Novels, and Numbers: A http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/rcq “Theorizing Morality: Assessing the Con- Study of Bourgeois Virtues.” - Deirdre tributions of Philip Rieff.” I admit to N. McCloskey, University of Illinois at To receive a sample issue, or for some measure of special pleading in this Chicago more information about ordering selection in that Rieff was my theory Discussant: Margaret R. Somers, Univer- The Responsive Community, please teacher while I was an undergraduate at sity of Michigan contact Deirdre Mead at the University of Pennsylvania. His So- See MINICONFERENCE on page 4 [email protected] or 202-994- Perspectives is the newsletter of the Theory Section of the American Sociological 3008 and be sure to mention this Association. It is published quarterly in January, April, July, and October. The announcement in the Perspectives deadline for all submissions is the fifth day of the month before publication. Newsletter. Or send a check We welcome news and commentary as well as announcements about confer- payable to The Responsive Community, ences, journal information, calls for papers, position openings, and any other along with your mailing address information of interest to section members. and a copy of this announcement to The Responsive Community, Send submissions to: J. David Knottnerus and Jean Van Delinder, Department of 2130 H Street NW, Suite 703, Sociology, CLB 006, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-4062; fax Washington, DC 20052. (405) 744-5780; phone (405) 744-6106 (Knottnerus) or (405) 744-4613 (Van Delinder); e-mail [email protected] or [email protected] Perspectives Page 3

same goal—to be a methodology for a important component of the social pro- So What Did theoretically driven sociology. Neverthe- cess of science is theory competition. Just less, examining these works clearly shows as in competitive markets, there is an “in- Happen To that all worked independently. None built visible hand” working in theory compe- Scientific on others. In fact, many of these authors tition. Certainly science advances best never met. For example, I know most if when there is a love of truth. But it will Sociology? not all who are developing and testing also advance when private ambition pro- formal theory in sociology, but, of my duces the public good of better and bet- David Willer, University of South Carolina eleven fellow theory constructors above, ter theory. In spite of some rather bad to this day I have met only three. Twelve philosophzing about science that will re- n the January issue of Perspectives, Jon authors working separately does not a main unnamed here, there is no mystery Turner asked, “What has happened movement make. how and why theory competition works. I to Scientific Sociology” including the Science is the enterprise that explains and, “theory construction movement” of the Nevertheless, there is a movement for the when possible, predicts. Competition fur- 1970s (2002:4). Jon cites six trends “that development of sociology as a science thers that enterprise by selecting theories present roadblocks to scientific sociol- and it can be dated quite precisely to that are free of contraction. Theories that ogy” (2002:7): 1) hyper-differentiation of August 1988 when the first annual Group are broader in scope and more precise the field, 2) the anti-science movement, Process conference was hosted at Emory are selected over those which are less so. 3) political correctness, 4) worship of the University by Linda Molm and Karen Were there two logically consistent the- masters, 5) introductory texts frozen in Hegtvedt. Since that time, Group Process ories of equal scope and precision, then 1948 sociology, 6) perpetuation of unre- has been held just before or just after the the more parsimonious is preferred. solved debates. American Sociological Association meet- ings each year with larger and larger num- If it is a mark of the maturity of a science Reprehensible these trends may be, but, bers participating. I date the development that theories compete, then sociology is a as I explain below, none block scientific of sociology as a science from that con- mature science and has been for some sociology. Today, the science of sociol- ference, not only because that develop- time. To take an example with which I ogy is developing more rapidly than at ment is a movement, but because science am well acquainted, ten years ago I edited any time in the past. That is to say, sociol- is a social process. In fact, science must a special edition of the journal Social Net- ogy is developing precise and parsimo- be a social process. It is only the softer works where four competing theories of nious theories of rapidly expanding side of sociology that can be done in exchange networks were published. One scope. What has been blocked is a wider splendid isolation. year later, the first test checking the relative understanding across the field that sociol- precision of these theories was published ogy is developing cumulative scientific Science must be a social process because (Skvoretz and Willer 1993). Since that time, knowledge and has been doing so for 25 scientific objectivity is the outcome, not competition to demonstrate broader years. I know that that understanding has of the individual striving to be objective, scope has been ongoing. Theory compe- been blocked because few have come but of a social process with two com- tition and theory development are so forward to use these new, well tested ponents. First, much work in science is transforming the area of social networks theories. There is a blockage in sociology, joint work where many cooperate in both that its theories are becoming more and but it is between those who build and research and authorship. As an example, more general theories of social structure. test theory and those who could be— and my most recent book, Network Exchange should be—using that theory in their re- Theory, is not my book alone, but is shared Jon Turner called for a scientific sociology search and teaching. by seven contributors all working with that seeks out the “generic forces that the same theory. Recently six contributed drive the formation of social and cultural The impression is sometimes given that to a 13 page paper published in the mil- structures” and then develops “models there was a theory construction move- lennial edition of Social Psychology Quarterly and principles that explain their operative ment. There certainly was a series of reporting on the progress of that theory. dynamics” (2002:7). I want to assure him books, Zetterberg (1954), Willer (1967), This and other work is joint because part- that what he calls for is not at all the utopia Stinchcombe (1968), Blalock (1969), ners find and correct errors of inference, he takes it to be but a growing reality. Dubin (1969), Mullins (1971), Reynolds faulty research practices and the array of The growth of scientific sociology is ap- (1971), Wallace (1971), Gibbs (1972), other mispractices into which each of us parently a well kept secret, so well kept Hage (1972), Chafetz (1978), and finally, may fall. that readers may only now be hearing of perhaps the best of the bunch, Cohen it. Perhaps some will be attracted and (1989). These books all had much the The second and undoubtedly the more See SCIENTIFIC on page 6 Page 4 Perspectives

Space and Social rather than reflective of exogenous pro- MINICONFERENCE from page 2 cesses, active rather than passive, and a “Mini-Conference II: Sociological constructor rather than a container of so- Theory Theory and Empirical Research: For- cial action. Although urban scholars dis- mal/Mathematical/Experimental Kevin Fox Gotham, Tulane University agree about how space influences social Approaches” relations, they agree in viewing space as a Chair: Murray Webster, University of n recent years, we have witnessed the means of production (i.e., land and real North Carolina at Charlotte emergence of a broad ranging debate estate), a basis of identity, and a geographi- Papers: I over the role of space in social theory cal site of social action. They examine to- “Sociological Theory in the 21st Century” (for recent overviews, see Benko and pics as diverse as gendered spaces, racial- - David Wagner, SUNY-Albany Strohmayer 1997; Casey 1997; Gotham ized spaces, the social organization of “Developing Status Construction Theory” 2001; Soja 2000; Wilson and Moss 1997). gang activity, the spatial attributes of cor- - Cecilia L. Ridgeway, Stanford Uni- In this brief essay, I want to explore the porate interlocking directorates, social versity role of space in social theory with refer- movements, the militarization of urban “Theoretical Comparison of Forms of ence to three considerations, ontological space and metropolitan development. Exchange” - Linda Molm, University (space as a container), theoretical (space Further, scholars have delineated why of Arizona as a constitutive dimension of social ac- space is important and how the consid- “Theory and Methods in Graduate Edu- tion and conflict), and empirical (the rela- eration of socio-spatial relations and land- cation of Sociologists” - Barry Mar- tionship between space, place, and global- use conflicts can illuminate our under- kovsky, University of South Carolina ization). standing of social change. A common theme running through these different and Mini-Conference III: Sociological diverse studies is the attempt to connect Over the past three decades, theorists in- Theory and Empirical Research terested in space have attempted to devel- space and social processes in a way that (Open Submission Session) op a series of conceptual frameworks for highlights their interconnectedness and Chair: James J. Chriss, Cleveland State Uni- understanding the spatial embeddedness mutually constitutive character. Moreover, versity of social action, human agency, and social these studies attempt to move beyond Presenters: structure. Henri Lefebvre (1991) argues viewing space in strictly in geometric “Causal Mechanisms, Correlations, and a space can be a political instrument, an ob- terms, or as a backdrop or passive setting Power Theory of Sociology” - James ject of consumption, and a crucial ele- where social relations and conflicts hap- Mahoney, Brown University ment in revolutionary political struggles. pen. As Lefebvre (1979, 1991) has recog- “Conformity and Self-Direction in the Pierre Bourdieu (1993) suggests space nized, the power of the state and capital Daily Life of Children: An Ethno- helps to generate the “habitus” of every- continuously to refashion land-uses can graphic Extension of Kohn” - Annette day life for local residents producing place- spearhead the mobilization of local Lareau and Elliot Weininger, Temple specific forms of identity, consciousness, people and organizations to redefine University and knowledge. Similarly, Michel Foucault space, to assign new meanings and defi- “The Cause of Continuity and Discon- (1986) developed the concept “hetero- nitions. This has generated an “explosion tinuity in Postsocialist Inequality” - topias” to refer to those oppositional of spaces” concerning the diverse ways Victor Nee, Cornell University, and spaces that form within relations of domi- people challenge, negotiate, and renego- Yang Cao, Louisiana State University nation and subordination and serve as the tiate meanings of urban space to produce “Theorizing Goffman’s Method” - Neil birthing place for political mobilization new individual and collective identities and McLaughlin, McMaster University, and and revolution. Anthony Giddens’ (1984) solidarities. Robert Alford, City University of New uses his “structuration” approach where York agency and structure are a duality embed- One debate that has significant implica- “The Idea of Outcome” - Andrew Ab- ded in and reproduced through specific tions for space and social theory and bott, rules, procedures, and social relationships which appear to be increasingly high on scholars’ empirical agenda overall are that in time and space. The work of these the- “Special Session: Theorizing Moral- orists helped launch a wave of transdis- of globalization and its impact upon ity: Assessing the Contributions of place. As space invested with meaning, ciplinary scholarship that has led scholars Philip Rieff ” to rethink basic social categories such as place has become a major topic of debate Chair: Gary Alan Fine, Northwestern time, class, and power through the prism among architects, anthropologists, geo- University of space. graphers, and sociologists (for overviews, Papers: see Cox 1997; Gieryn 2000). In many re- “The Ideology of Moral Freedom” - Today, space is at the center of social ex- spects, the problem of place is a global Alan Woolfolk, Oglethorpe University planation. It is thus something constitutive See SPACE on page 5 See MINICONFERENCE on page 7 Perspectives Page 5

SPACE from page 4 of space.” His conceptual model distin- (1997) and Neil Brenner (1999) suggest phenomenon that connects with issues of guishes professional planning activities and that “glocal” can be a middle range con- , identity, and metropolitan organi- elite images of urban reality (representa- cept for moving towards understanding zation. In his recent trilogy on the rise of tions of space) from the manner in which the localization of the global and the glo- the global network society, Manual Castells “everyday life” gives form and meaning balization of the local. Local environmen- (1996, 1998) argues that a new techno- to urban space (spatial practices) from tal movements are globalized in some logical paradigm ways, for instance, based on informa- Although we may conceive of global to the extent that tion and electronic they communicate technologies is creat- space at the theoretical level, spatial with supporters in ing a globalized net- other areas of the work society in practices connect to an array of world and employ which the “space of economic and political power discourses of iden- flows” crushes the tity, the environ- “space of places.” In structures that have global reach and ment, and global this process, placeless- destruction as am- ness becomes the es- effect. munition against sential feature of the their corporate ad- contemporary world as spatial bound- space “directly lived through its associated versaries. In addition, commercial interests aries, agents, and structures disappear and images and symbols, and hence the space commodify and package many forms of are subsumed in the logic of the meta- of ‘inhabitants’ and ‘users’,” (representa- the local for global consumption, from network. In addition, new metaphors of tional spaces) (for overviews see Gotham ethnicity and culture to music and eco- mobility (diaspora, displacement, delocal- 1998; Harvey 1989; Liggett and Perry tourism (for a recent overview, see Judd ization, translocalization, traveling, deter- 1995; Soja 1989). These spatial registers and Fainstein 1999). To paraphrase Esco- ritorialization, erasure, border crossing, offer a way to conceptualize globalization bar (1996), the global sits in places, even hybridity, nomadology) are singled out in that is more nuanced than is often the case. as the former becomes more distant and the globalization literature as suggesting At the level of representational spaces, impersonal and the later becomes more the loss of place, culture, and identity. Yet globalization is “conceived space” con- fleeting and ephemeral. Giddens’ (1996) the questions abound: Why is space be- sisting of formal models, theoretical explanation of globalization as an “in coming more important as a focal point understandings of changes in states and here” and “out there” phenomenon sug- of conflict and mobilization in an era of societies, or a neoliberal market ideology gests we all remain indissolubly linked to diminishing spatial barriers to communi- imposed on the world by corporate in- both local and extralocal places through cation, exchange, and movement? How terests (Antonio and Bonanno 2001). At different networks even as major trans- do different groups, from grassroots or- the level of spatial practices, globalization formations alter old forms of action and ganizations to powerful corporate actors, is “perceived space” consisting of trends constitute new forms of identity and self- interpret globalization? To what extent and changes in the world economic system expression. The point here is to theorize can we use space and place as a rallying that genuinely challenge the balance be- the global-local nexus as consisting of point for theory construction and political tween national and global influences. Al- powerful “spatializing effects.” This is to action? Is it possible to find in spatial prac- though we may conceive of global space suggest that we bring together objective tices a critique of power and domination at the theoretical level, spatial practices and subjective understandings of space without losing sight of their embedded- connect to an array of economic and po- by tracing them both back to the process ness in the social relations of patriarchy, litical power structures that have global in which individuals and groups produce capital, and bureaucracy? reach and effect. At the level of repre- space. It also suggests that we cannot view sentational spaces, globalization is “lived materiality and representation as separate I suggest that turning to the work of space” consisting of new forms of local spheres and privilege one realm - e.g., Henri Lefebvre provides an important re- cultural identity and political mobilization class, race, gender, global, local, and so source for theorizing the continuing sig- that are casually bound up with globalizing on - over another. As Virilio (1999:112) nificance of place as well as understanding processes. put it, “I love the local when it enables the connectedness of space, place, and you to see the global, and I love the local globalization (for recent programmatic In short, Lefebvre’s spatial registers pro- when you can see it from the global.” statements, see Brenner 2000; Crang vide a theoretical check on aspatial theo- 1999). Lefebvre conceptualizes space as retical agendas that overemphasize the A fuller version of this paper and a complete including “representational of spaces,” spacelessness and timeless of globaliza- bibliography is available upon request from the “spatial practices,” and “representations tion. Geographers Erik Swynegedow author - [email protected] Page 6 Perspectives

SCIENTIFIC from page 3 Mullins, Nicholas. 1971. The Art of Theory search for a book giving the methodol- Construction and Use. New York: Harper Herbert ogy for the growing scientific sociology. and Row. That none will be found is yet one further Reynolds, Paul D. 1971. A Primer in Theory Spencer’s The indicator of the growing maturity of Construction. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Mer- Principles of sociology as a science. rill. Skvoretz, John and David Willer. 1993. Sociology That there are no methods books for the “Exclusion and Power: A Test of Four growing science of sociology is a quality Theories of Power in Exchange Net- Jonathan Turner, University of California- it shares with advanced sciences. Forty works.” American Sociological Review 58: Riverside years ago when those who would be 801-18. authors of books on theory construction Stinchcombe, Arthur. 1968. Constructing Herbert Spencer’s monumental work went to their libraries to find the methods Social Theory. New York: Harcourt has just be republished by Transaction books of physics, chemistry and biology Brace Jovanovich. Publishers. It contains a sixty page intro- none were found. Instead, they had to Turner, John. 2002. “What Has Happened duction by me, and thus, it has some- settle for study of the philosophy of sci- to Scientific Sociology?” Perspectives thing to offer beyond the old second ence. And philosophers of science insist 25:1-7. hand copies that are still available. It is that their field is not the methodology of Wallace, Walter. 1971. The Logic of Science published on acid free paper and, science. Successful sciences have no meth- in Sociology. New York: Aldine. hence, will last. Although the four vol- ods books and need none because theory Willer, David. 1967. Scientific Sociology: The- umes are in paperback, they are still is the method of the sciences. ory and Method. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: expensive because the costs involved Prentice-Hall. in production were very high. I am Fortunately, the growing science of soci- Zetterberg, Hans L. 1954. On Theory and requesting that members of the theory ology is not a closed society. There are Verification in Sociology. Totowa, NJ: section order a copy for their library. many ways to join its social process and Bedminster Press. To my surprise, many libraries do not perhaps one of the best is to attend the have a complete copy of The Principles next Group Process meeting. That meet- of Sociology, including my own (which ing will be in Chicago just before the had various abridged editions). The American Sociological Association Meet- Books Available ISBN for this new edition is: 0-7658- ings. To attend, contact the organizer, 0750-5 Michael Lovaglia at the University of The Active Society Iowa ([email protected]). I realize that most sociologists consider Come ready to join in a construction pro- The New Golden Rule Spencer to be an embarrassment to the ject, the project of building and using the- field, but I think a fair reading of his ory to construct more scientific sociology. The Institute for Communitarian Policy work demonstrates that he is every bit Studies at George Washington Univer- the equal of Marx, Durkheim, and We- References sity and the Communitarian Network ber. Most who think such a pronounce- Blalock, Hubert M. 1969. Theory Construc- have a few copies of The Active Society ment to be ridiculous have, in my ex- tion: From Verbal to Mathematical Formu- by Amitai Etzioni, which are long out perience, never read Spencer; or if they lation. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- of print. They can be purchased for have, they have read the twenty pages Hall. $15 each (while supplies last). We also or so outlining the organismic analogy. Chafetz, Janet Saltzman. 1978. A Primer have copies of Amitai Etzioni’s The There are over two thousand pages in on the Construction and Testing of Theories New Golden Rule for $9. The Principles; and they are filled with in Sociology. Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock insights that are still useful. Thus, even Publishers, Inc. Please make checks payable to the if theorists do not take up my chal- Cohen, Bernard P. 1989. Developing Socio- Communitarian Network, and send lenge and read Spencer, I hope that logical Theory. Chicago: Nelson Hall. orders to the attention of Deirdre you will make a contemporary edition Dubin, Robert. 1969. Theory Building. New Mead at The Communitarian available to your students by ordering York: The Free Press. Network, 2130 H Street NW, Suite the book for your library. If we cannot Gibbs, Jack. 1972. Sociological Theory Con- 703, Washington, DC 20052. For get scholars in our field to order books struction. Hinsdale, IL: Dryden Press. further information, please contact of this nature, publishers will be more Hage, Jerald. 1972. Techniques and Problems Deirdre at [email protected] or reluctant to take on large and expensive of Theory Construction in Sociology. New 202.994.3008. tasks like this edition of The Principles. York: Wiley. Perspectives Page 7

MARX from page 1 Manuscripts of 1844 when they first ap- Further inquiry of this type appeared in a Marx, the ultimate iconoclast, became an peared in 1932. So too the Grundrisse of series of late manuscripts, some of which icon himself. This small irony of history 1857-1858 — the massive “rough draft” were published, in 1972, by Lawrence had immediate exegetic effects, since the of the whole of Marx’s projected cri- Krader as The Ethnological Notebooks of Karl new Russian and German rulers, eager tique of political economy, of which Marx. Unlike the Grundrisse, however, this to burnish their intellectual and political Capital was only the first of six parts - volume attracted only modest attention. credentials, soon joined forces to unearth was overlooked for nearly three decades Why? Partly, I believe, because the text per many hitherto un- se - fragmentary known Marxian Marx’s reputation suffered many blows in the notes written in sev- manuscripts. And eral languages - is since they sought, interval between the publication of the 1844 simply difficult. But above all, to con- manuscripts and the birth of the New Left. even more salient, solidate their top- perhaps, is the reces- down authority sion of the New Left and speed economic growth, they pub- after it first appeared in 1939-1941. that began in this period. Other texts that lished Marx selectively, with an eye to their appeared then - including a long essay that own interests. Marx’s reputation suffered many blows Marx had planned as a bridge between in the interval between the publication Vols. 1 & 2 of Capital and a rare defense In 1924, calling one-sided attention to of the 1844 manuscripts and the birth of his value-theory in response to a critic Marx’s early views on the inevitability of of the New Left. This was partly a func- - fell swiftly into oblivion. Rising with the economic progress, Bolshevik editors res- tion of sheer power politics - Hitler’s vic- New Left, Marx fell with the New Left. cued an unfinished essay from the obscu- tory over German labor, Stalin’s purges, Later, when the Berlin wall collapsed, rity of the vault and offered it to the the rise of McCarthyism - but it was also Marx’s appeal declined still further. Almost world as the centerpiece of a newfound a product of the clear failure of the stage as if history were repeating itself, ideol- text, The German Ideology (1845-1846), theory of history. Given the epic travails ogy (and even history) was declared passé. which they published in full in 1932. De- of both Russia and Germany, it was hard spite its wholly fragmentary character, for even unregenerate Old Leftists to in- So, who now reads Marx? And why? which made it almost a jigsaw puzzle for sist that the arrow of history flies straight its editors, this essay has since become one to its goal. Increasingly, many spoke now The short answer is that, now as always, of the most celebrated of all Marxian of a future beyond “ideology” - which, Marx sparks interest in connection with texts, renowned, in part, for its narrowly plainly, was a virtual synonym for Marx- changes in the Zeitgeist and the economy. deterministic stage theory of history. So- ism. No sooner did Fukuyama declare history cialism, it was argued, succeeds capital- defunct than “globalization” burst on the ism just as night follows day. For many And then came the Sixties. As new move- scene, and soon afterwards, “anti-global- party loyalists, this was taken to imply that ments sprang to life, Marx was au cou- ization.” The unity of the world’s econ- ‘actually existing socialism’ is not only nec- rant once again, and the Economic & Philo- omy became clearer than ever - a unity essary but irreversible. Few readers will sophic Manuscripts in particular fed an avid spurred, plainly, by the very kind of glo- have trouble grasping why this line of ar- hunger for radical humanism. Ultimately, balized capital accumulation that Marx pre- gument proved appealing. even the comparatively abstruse Grund- See MARX on page 8 risse won an audience. “Whole passages Other new texts, many of which ap- from the Grundrisse,” Daniel Singer wrote peared in the Marx-Engels Gesamtausgabe with pardonable exaggeration, “...could MINICONFERENCE from page 4 (MEGA,1927-1935), were received in be taken as the refrain for the protest “From Positive to Negative Community: sometimes opposite ways. Those which movement spreading from San Francisco Rieff’s Theory of Contemporary Cul- seemed to echo the evolutionary natural- to Tokyo across Europe.” Many noted tural Change” - Philip Manning, Cleve- ism of The German Ideology, like Engels’s that, unlike many better known texts, the land State University Dialectics of Nature, were welcomed into Grundrisse did not overlook the autono- “Philip Rieff’s Mission” - Lauren Lang- the canon. Those, however, which stress- my of non-capitalist cultures. Rather than man, Loyola University of Chicago ed the dehumanizing effects of inequality positing the outside world as a null zone “Do Data Rise to Meet Theories or Give and bureaucracy in the factory and econ- for capitalist expansion - rather than as- Rise to Them? Philip Rieff’s Enduring omy were initially neglected. Only a few suming, á la stage theory, that “feudal- Challenge to Theory” - Jonathan B. Im- mavericks, like Erich Fromm and Her- ism” simply yields to capitalism every- ber, Wellesley College bert Marcuse of the Frankfurt School, where - Marx probed the matter con- Discussant: Charles Camic, University of were drawn to the Economic and Philosophic cretely. Wisconsin Page 8 Perspectives

MARX from page 7 Experience had long since shown that, dicted long ago. (My colleague Bob An- tonio is editing a Blackwell reader [2002] rather than simply bowing before the illustrating this premise.) power of capital, non-capitalist cul- In this context Marx’s views on the world tures are endowed with inertial pow- economy gain a new relevance. I would argue, moreover, that these views are ex- ers of resistance. pressed not only in Marx’s writings on capital per se, but in several ancillary texts. capitalism might fare in its outward od- be stressed, does Marx elaborate a sys- These include Marx’s “ethnological” yssey, Marx needed systematic insight into tematic theory. Yet his concerns are so well manuscripts, which I am editing for an the non-capitalist world. By 1880, it had defined, and he offers so many searching all-English edition to appear in the near become clear that capital accumulation observations along the way, that few at- future, and a mass of hitherto unknown would soon extend qualitatively beyond tentive readers will fail to come away with but thematically related notes which, with the Euro-Atlantic world. Hence Marx’s a greatly heightened sensitivity to the cul- NEH support, I am editing a special vol- deep interest in the analyses of colonial tural and conceptual problems that en- ume for the new Marx-Engels Gestam- expansion offered by Phear, Money, Ko- gaged Marx’s attention in the final years tausgab in partnership with Kevin Ander- valevsky, and others. Hence his interest in of his life. These problems, I would ar- son of Northern Illinois University and the probing accounts of non-capitalist gue, are even more pressing now than they Jurgen Rojahn of the International Insti- social structure offered by Lange, Bücher, were in 1880. Globalization has reached tute for Social History in Amsterdam. All Friedländer, Sohm, and Morgan. In these a very advanced stage, and Marx’s writ- of these texts, which explore many as- studies, and others, Marx found a wealth ings on this subject are more relevant now pects of culture and social structure in of information and insight into the glo- than ever. Asia, Africa, Oceania, the Americas, clas- bal reach and power of partriarchy and sical antiquity and medieval Europe, were property, clan and class, mana and money. A fuller version of this paper, with endnotes and written late in Marx’s life, at a crucial a bibliography, is available upon request from the moment in his struggle to finish Capital. Nowhere in these manuscripts, it should author ([email protected]). Several influential critics have thought that Marx’s interest in this phase wandered Call for Papers from the central themes of Capital, but, in fact, Marx at this time was working on Charles Camic and Franklin Wilson, Editors, American Sociological Review precisely the section of Capital which deals with the extension of capital from the do- The American Sociological Review invites manuscripts from members of the Sec- mestic sphere to the world economy. tion on Theory. ASR’s mission is to publish the best contemporary scholarship from all areas of sociology. Without a healthy volume of submissions in the This was exactly the moment, in other theory area, this goal is seriously compromised. We thus encourage members words, when the logic of Marx’s work of the Section on Theory to submit their work for possible publication in on Capital led him to examine non-capital- ASR. The ASR’s Deputy Editors and the members of the journal’s Editorial ist cultures. To what extent did such cul- Board for 2002 comprise the largest and most intellectually diverse editorial tures present opportunities for accumula- team in ASR’s history. The editorial team joins the Editors in welcoming a tion? To what extent did they present ob- wide range of theoretical and methodological approaches and contributions stacles? Experience had long since shown from all substantive areas of the discipline. Also, ASR’s current editorial poli- that, rather than simply bowing before cies are highly flexible as to form and can accommodate manuscripts of vari- the power of capital, non-capitalist cul- ous lengths and styles. (Full information about manuscript requirements is avail- tures are endowed with inertial powers able in the August 2001 and February 2002 issues of the journal, at the ASR of resistance. However powerful capital website (http://www.pop.psu.edu/ASR/asr.htm), or upon request to may be, non-capitalist cultures do not sim- ([email protected].) ply wait, with folded hands, for “the next stage of history” to engulf them. When As a result of these editorial arrangements, we hope to publish more than our cultures collide, the result is not a fore- fair share of the best contemporary work in sociological theory. We therefore gone conclusion. strongly encourage Section members to submit their manuscripts to the Ameri- can Sociological Review. Hence to know, in concrete detail, how