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Bakalářská Práce Univerzita Karlova v Praze Filozofická fakulta Ústav světových dějin Bakalářská práce Lukáš Vokřínek Hudební skladatelé ve vrcholně barokní Praze Composers in High Baroque Prague Praha 2013 Vedoucí práce: Prof. PhDr. Martin Kovář, Ph.D. Děkuji vedoucímu práce prof. Martinu Kovářovi za projevenou vstřícnost, cenné rady a celkové vedení, dále muzikologům Marcu Niubó, Václavu Kapsovi a Karlu Veverkovi za zodpovězení dotazů a případné poskytnutí některých studijních materiálů a v neposlední řadě také své rodině, která snášela mé pracovní vytížení. Prohlašuji, že jsem bakalářskou práci vypracoval samostatně, že jsem řádně citoval všechny použité prameny a literaturu a že práce nebyla využita v rámci jiného vysokoškolského studia či k získání jiného nebo stejného titulu. V Praze dne…..... podpis Abstrakt Autor analyzuje působení českých i zahraničních skladatelů chrámové, komorní a operní hudby ve vrcholně barokní Praze, čímž navazuje na dosud základní práci Otakara Kampera, zabývající se pražskou hudební kulturou posledních fází baroka a následujícím klasicismem „Hudební Praha v XVIII. věku“ z roku 1936. V úvodní části autor vymezuje dobu vrcholného baroka v Praze, pokouší se o její charakteristiku a nastiňuje pražskou hudební kulturu dané doby. Současně se věnuje bohatému pražskému kulturnímu životu. V hlavní části se zaměřuje na působení skladatelských osobností v Praze (včetně těch, kteří komponovali „pro Prahu“) v daném období. Ve třetí části krátce srovnává pražské hudební prostředí sledovaného údobí s vídeňským. V závěru posuzuje význam daných skladatelů pro kulturní obraz vrcholně barokní Prahy a vyhodnocuje zmíněné porovnání. Celkově autor dochází k zjištění, že s Prahou daného období bylo spjato množství tvůrců, a oceňuje významný podíl církevních řádů na tomto vývoji. Daní tvůrci plně dotvářeli Gesamtkunstwerk, jakým vrcholně barokní Praha byla. Zároveň vznikl důležitý předpoklad pro další hudební vývoj, který vyvrcholil působením W. A. Mozarta ve městě. Stručné srovnání hudebních prostředí Prahy a Vídně ukázalo, že obě města měla své kvality, byť Vídeň byla skrze panovnický dvůr o něco významnější. Abstract The author analyses acting Czech and foreign composers of church, chamber and opera music in high baroque Prague and so continues in still basic work engaging Prague high baroque and classicism music culture: Hudební Praha v XVIII. věku by Otakar Kamper, Melantrich 1936. At first the author specifies Prague high baroque style, tries to create profile of this style and outlines Prague music high baroque culture. Currently he applies to rich Prague culture life. In major part he focuses on composers which formed in Prague (or 'for Prague') at a given era. In third part he compares Prague music scene a given era with Vienna´s. In conclusion assesses importance of given composers for general culture picture of high baroque Prague and evaluated mentioned comparison. Overall, the author finds out that many composers were connected with Prague of the era, and appreciates the significant contribution of the monastic orders to this development. The composers were completing the Gesamtkunstwerk that the high baroque Prague was. At the same time, an important precondition for the further music development arose and its climax was the activity of W. A. Mozart in the city. A brief comparison between the music scenes in Prague and Vienna revealed that both the cities had their qualities, although the position of Vienna was for its imperial court slightly more important. Klíčová slova První polovina 18. století, Praha, baroko, vrcholné baroko, hudební skladatelé Keywords The first half of the 18th century, Prague, Baroque, High Baroque, music composers Obsah Úvod......................................................................................................................................8 Zdroje práce .......................................................................................................................12 Postup tvorby „medailonů“ jednotlivých skladatelů ........................................................15 První kapitola. Vrcholně barokní Praha ...........................................................................17 1. 1. Princip vrcholného baroka a časové vymezení tohoto období pro případ Prahy .........17 1. 2. Nástin podoby vrcholně barokní Prahy (včetně uměleckých charakteristik na příkladu architektury, sochařství a malířství) ..................................................................................24 1. 3. Typizace pražské hudební kultury období vrcholného baroka....................................32 Druhá kapitola. Hudební skladatelé chrámové, komorní a operní hudby působící v Praze či tvořící „pro Prahu“ ..............................................................................................45 Artophaeus, Bernardus (1651? - 1721)..............................................................................45 Besnecker, Jan Adam (2. polovina 17. století - 1721)........................................................46 Bioni, Antonio (asi 1698 - kolem 1739) ............................................................................46 Brentner, Jan Josef Ignác (1689-1742) ..............................................................................48 Brixi, Šimon (1693-1735) .................................................................................................50 Caldara, Antonio (asi 1670 - 1736) ...................................................................................52 Černohorský, Bohuslav Matěj (1684 - 1742).....................................................................55 Dix, Aureus (1669 - 1719) ................................................................................................57 Fux, Johann Joseph (kolem 1660 - 1741) ..........................................................................57 Gayer, Jan Kryštof Karel (? - 1734) ..................................................................................60 Görbig, Antonín Tadeáš (? - 1737)....................................................................................61 Holan Rovenský, Václav Karel (1644-1718).....................................................................61 Hubatka, Jan Nepomuk Ignác (1697/1698? - 1745)...........................................................63 Jacob, Václav Gunther (1685-1734)..................................................................................63 Jiránek, František (1698 - 1778)........................................................................................64 Kratochvíl, František (? - ?) ..............................................................................................67 Liehre, Tobiáš Arnošt / Lyhr, Zacharias (asi 1644 - 1727).................................................67 Losy hrabě z Losinthalu, Jan Antonín (1650 - 1721) .........................................................67 Majer, Wenceslaus (1665 - 1726)......................................................................................69 Matteis, Nicolò (mladší; kolem 1675 - 1737) ....................................................................69 Milčínský, Daniel (1706 - 1735) .......................................................................................70 Novák, Jan František (asi přelom 17. a 18. století - 1771) .................................................70 Poppe, František Ludvík (1670 - 1730) .............................................................................71 Postel, Christian Gottlieb (1697? - 1730) ..........................................................................72 Reichenauer, Antonín (asi 1694 - 1730)............................................................................73 Sehling, Josef Antonín (1710-1756)..................................................................................76 Seyche, Vavřinec (? - 1765)..............................................................................................77 Smrkovský, Prokop (1666 - 1739) ....................................................................................78 Stölzel, Gottfried Heinrich (1690 - 1749)..........................................................................79 Tůma, František Ignác Antonín (1704 - 1774)...................................................................80 Vaňura, Česlav (1694 - 1736) ...........................................................................................83 Vivaldi, Antonio (1678 - 1741).........................................................................................84 Vojta, Jan Ignác František (asi 1660 - před 1725)..............................................................86 Weis, Štěpán (? - ?)...........................................................................................................88 Wentzeli, Mikuláš František Xaver (kolem 1642 - 1722) ..................................................88 Werner, Augustin (1710 - 1768) .......................................................................................89 Zelenka, Jan Dismas (1679 - 1745)...................................................................................90 Třetí kapitola. Praha a Vídeň: krátké porovnání z hlediska hudebního prostředí .........94 Závěr...................................................................................................................................98 Seznam pramenů a literatury ..........................................................................................102 Úvod O dlouhodobém kulturním významu Prahy, starobylého
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