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War and Insurgency in the Western Sahara
Visit our website for other free publication downloads http://www.StrategicStudiesInstitute.army.mil/ To rate this publication click here. STRATEGIC STUDIES INSTITUTE The Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) is part of the U.S. Army War College and is the strategic-level study agent for issues relat- ed to national security and military strategy with emphasis on geostrategic analysis. The mission of SSI is to use independent analysis to conduct strategic studies that develop policy recommendations on: • Strategy, planning, and policy for joint and combined employment of military forces; • Regional strategic appraisals; • The nature of land warfare; • Matters affecting the Army’s future; • The concepts, philosophy, and theory of strategy; and, • Other issues of importance to the leadership of the Army. Studies produced by civilian and military analysts concern topics having strategic implications for the Army, the Department of Defense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI publishes special reports on topics of special or immediate interest. These include edited proceedings of conferences and topically-oriented roundtables, expanded trip reports, and quick-reaction responses to senior Army leaders. The Institute provides a valuable analytical capability within the Army to address strategic and other issues in support of Army participation in national security policy formulation. Strategic Studies Institute and U.S. Army War College Press WAR AND INSURGENCY IN THE WESTERN SAHARA Geoffrey Jensen May 2013 The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. -
The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara
The American University in Cairo School of Global Affairs and Public Policy The Limbs Factory: Circuits of Fear and Hope and the Political Imagination on the Western Sahara A Thesis Submitted to Cynthia Nelson Institute for Gender and Women’s Studies In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Gender and Women’s Studies in Middle East/ North Africa Kenza Yousfi Committee members: Dr. Martina Rieker, IGWS, AUC Dr. Hanan Sabea, SAPE, AUC Dr. Nizar Messari, SHSS, AUI May/2015 . Acknowledgments This project would not have been possible without the people who have supported me all the way through the stress, confusion, and passion that enabled me to write. I thank my committee members: Martina, Hanan, and Nizar, for their intellectual engagement and the political horizons they have opened to me throughout the past few years. My friends around the globe, I hope that reading these pages compensate you with the hours of counseling and listening you had to lead me through. Only you could understand my craziness. My family, although very far from sharing any political ideas, I must be thankful for your encouragement and concern of safety even when you did not know where in the world I was. I thank all the Saharawis who wanted to help by all means while I was in the camps. Many thanks for the NUSW for coordinating my stay and providing me with the logistics, and to the family that hosted me like a family member, not a stranger. I owe a particular debt to one person who shall remain unnamed for his own safety, who made my access to the Saharawi camps possible, and who showed a concern about my research and safety. -
Ancient Stone Quarry Landscapes In
QuarryScapes: quarry stone ancient Mediterranean landscapes in the Eastern QuarryScapes: ancient QuarryScapes:stone quarry landscapes ancient stone in quarrythe Eastern landscapes Mediterranean in the EasternGeological Survey of MediterraneanNorway, Special Publication, 12 Geological Survey of Norway, Special Publication, 12 Geological Survey of Norway, Special Publication, 12 Abu-Jaber et al. (eds.) et al. 12 Abu-Jaber Special Publication, Geological Survey of Norway, Abu-Jaber, N., Bloxam, E.G., Degryse,P. and Heldal, T. (eds.) Geological Survey of Norway, Special Publication, 12 The NGU Special Publication series comprises consecutively numbered volumes containing papers and proceedings from national and international symposia or meetings dealing with Norwegian and international geology, geophysics and geochemistry; excursion guides from such symposia; and in some cases papers of particular value to the international geosciences community, or collections of thematic articles. The language of the Special Publication series is English. Editor: Trond Slagstad ©2009 Norges geologiske undersøkelse Published by Norges geologiske undersøkelse (Geological Survey of Norway) NO-7491 Norway All Rights reserved ISSN: 0801-5961 ISBN: 978-82-7385-138-3 Design and print: Trykkpartner Grytting AS Cover illustration: Situated far out in the Eastern Desert in Egypt, Mons Claudianus is one of the most spectacular quarry landscapes in Egypt. The white tonalite gneiss was called marmor claudianum by the Romans, and in particular it was used for large objects such as columns and bathtubs. Giant columns of the stone can be seen in front of Pantheon in Rome. Photo by Tom Heldal. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY SPECIAL PUBLICATION n Contents Introduction Abu-Jaber, N., Bloxam, E.G., Degryse, P. -
History and Culture.Indd
History & Culture Table of Contents Map of Jordan 1 L.Tiberius Umm Qays Welcome 2 Irbid Jaber Amman 4 Pella Hemmeh Ramtha er As-Salt HISTORY & CULTURE12 ITINERARIES Ajlun Mafraq Madaba 14 dan Riv Jerash Deir 'Alla Umm al-Jimal 1 Day Tour Options: Jor Umm Ar-Rasas1. Jerash, Ajlun 16 ey Salt Qasr Al Hallabat Mount Nebo2. Amman (City Tour) 17 all Zarqa Marka 3. Madaba, Mount Nebo, Bethany Beyond the Jordan V dan Jordan Valley & The Dead Sea 18 Jor Amman Iraq al-Amir Qusayr Amra Azraq Karak 20 Bethany Beyond The Jordan Mt. Nebo Qasr Al Mushatta 3 Day Itinerary: Dead Sea Spas Queen Alia Qasr Al Kharrana Petra 22 Madaba International Day 1. Amman, Jerash, Madaba and Dead Sea - Overnight in Ammana Airport e Hammamat Ma’in Aqaba Day 2. Petra - Overnight in26 Little Petra S d Dhiban a Umm Ar-Rasas Jerash Day 3. Karak, Madaba and30 Mount Nebo - Overnight in Ammane D Ajlun 36 5 Day Itinerary: Umm Al-Jimal 38 Qatraneh Day 1. Amman, Jerash, Ajlun - Overnight in Amman Karak Pella 39 Mu'ta Day 2. Madaba, Mount Nebo, Karak - Overnight at PetraAl Mazar aj-Janubi Umm QaysDay 3. Petra - Overnight at40 Petra Shawbak Day 4. Wadi Rum - Overnight42 Dead Sea Tafileh Day 5. Bethany Beyond The Jordan MAP LEGEND Desert Umayyad Castles 44 History & Culture Itineraries 49 Historical Site Shawbak Highway Castle Desert Wadi Musa Petra Religious Site Ma'an Airport Ras an-Naqab Road For further information please contact: Highway Jordan Tourism Board: Tel: +962 6 5678444. It is open daily (08:00- Railway 16:00) except Fridays. -
The Mellah: Exploring Moroccan Jewish and Muslim Narratives on Urban Space
The Mellah: Exploring Moroccan Jewish and Muslim Narratives on Urban Space By: Tamar Schneck Advisor: Professor Jonathan Decter Seniors Honors Thesis Islamic & Middle Eastern Studies Program Brandeis University 2012-2013 Acknowledgements Researching and writing this thesis has been a learning experience that I know will shape my future experiences in school and beyond. I would like to express my sincere thanks to my advisor, Professor Decter for guiding me through this project and advising me along the way. I would also like to thank Professor Carl Sharif El- Tobgui for assisting with understanding the difficult Arabic texts. Additionally, I owe gratitude to my friends who are native Hebrew and Arabic speakers; their assistance was vital. Lastly, I would like to thank everyone who is reading this. I hope you enjoy! 2 Table of Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 A Brief History of Moroccan Jewish Settlement......................................................................7 Source Review ...................................................................................................................................................11 Chapter 1: Jewish Perspectives.........................................................................................25 1.1 OriGinal Myth.............................................................................................................................25 1.2 Stories Retold.............................................................................................................................................33 -
Ancient Egyptian Quarries – an Illustrated Overview
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF NORWAY SPECIAL PUBLICATION n 12 Ancient Egyptian quarries – an illustrated overview James A. Harrell1 and Per Storemyr2 1Department of Environmental Sciences (MS #604), 2801 West Bancroft Street, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606–3390, USA. 2Geological Survey of Norway, 7491 Trondheim, Norway/CSC Conservation Science Consulting, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland. Present address: Herrligstrasse 15, CH-8048 Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] The surviving remains of ancient Egyptian material culture are dominated by the stones used for building, ornamental, gem, and utilitarian applications. These came mainly from the Nile Valley and Eastern Desert (with some also from the Western Desert), where over 200 quarries have been dis- covered spanning about 3500 years from the Late Predynastic Period to the Late Roman Period. The harder stones (nearly all the igneous and metamorphic rocks plus silicified sandstone and chert) were quarried using stone tools aided by fire setting and wood levers up until the Late Period, when the stone tools were replaced by iron ones. The softer stones (mainly limestone, sandstone, and travertine) were extracted with copper and, later, bronze picks and chisels during the Dynastic Peri- od, with iron tools again replacing the earlier ones by the end of the Late Period. Until the advent of suitable roadways and wagons rugged enough to transport them in the Greco–Roman Period, the larger pieces of quarried stone were carried on sledges, often along prepared roads, and probably pulled by teams of men to the building sites or to the Nile River for shipping. -
Palavras De Origem Árabe Dicionarizadas Em Inglês E Em Espanhol - Edição De Um Levantamento Em Midia Eletrônica
Collatio 10 jan-mar 2012 CEMOrOc-Feusp / IJI - Univ. do Porto Palavras de Origem Árabe Dicionarizadas em Inglês e em Espanhol - edição de um levantamento em midia eletrônica - Jean Lauand1 Como uma ajuda para seminários, aulas e pesquisas filológicas (e sociológicas, filosóficas, políticas...) de professores e estudantes, oferecemos ao leitor a presente lista das 958 palavras que o OED - Oxford English Dictionary2 apresenta sob a rubrica Arabic quando nele procuramos etimologias. Naturalmente, poucas são palavras que de fato aparecem no inglês quotidiano, mas esta listagem pode ser útil como guia de busca no excelente CD da Oxford University Press. No CD, o leitor encontrará também - em diversos casos - citações de emprego desses vocábulos: de autores antigos até contemporâneos. E, é claro, as definições de cada verbete. Por razões de espaço, limitamo-nos aos comentários de etimologia3. Como se poderá verificar, muitas das palabras dessa lista procedem do árabe e, em qualquer caso, têm pelo menos alguma relação etimológica con o árabe. Nosso propósito é primordialmente didático e pareceu-nos oportuno facilitar comparações ajuntando uma lista simples das 1285 palabras designadas como - de modo direto ou derivado - de origem árabe (árabe, hispánico, argelino, clásico, dialectal, marroquí, persa, vulgar) pelo Diccionario de la Real Academia (ed. electrónica Espasa Calpe 1995). Arabic em "Etymology Search" no OED , aba, abba \Arab. `aba . abada \a. Pg. abada, the female rhinoceros; (...) Cf. Arab. abadat... abaya \Arab. ‘abaya. Abelmosk \ad. mod.L. abelmoschus, ad. Arab. abu'l-misk father, i.e. source, of musk. Abkhaz \Prob. ad. Russ. abkhazskii, perh. ult. f. Arab.; the people's name for themselves is apshua. -
Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Ancient Egyptian Quarry Landscapes
Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Ancient Egyptian Quarry Landscapes Edited by: Per Storemyr, Elizabeth Bloxam and Tom Heldal Compiled by: Per Storemyr Printed at the Geological Survey of Norway Authors: Per Storemyr1, Elizabeth Bloxam2, Tom Heldal1, Adel Kelany3, James A. Harrell4, Rawda Yousri5 and El Shaimaa Fathy5 1) Geological Survey of Norway (NGU), Norway 2) Institute of Archaeology, University College London (UCL), UK 3) Supreme Council of Antiquities (SCA), Egypt 4) University of Toledo, OH, USA 5) Egyptian Antiquities Information System (SCA-EAIS), Egypt Work undertaken within Work Package 5 in QuarryScapes: "Egypt Risk and Monitoring" Work Package leader: Dr. Per Storemyr, Geological Survey of Norway ([email protected]) Report date: 10.12.2007 ISBN: 978-82-7385-125-3 Grading: Open QuarryScapes Number of pages: 207 Map enclosures: - deliverable number: 6 Keywords: Ancient quarry Cultural landscape Egypt Cultural heritage management Risk assessment Monitoring Stone industry Urban development Land reclamation 1 The QuarryScapes project Conservation of Ancient Stone Quarry Landscapes in the Eastern Mediterranean QuarryScapes is the first project of its kind for addressing the importance of ancient quarry landscapes and raising the awareness of the urgent needs for protecting such sites. QuarryScapes will develop scientific and practical methodologies for documentation, characterisation and conservation of ancient quarry landscapes, raise the awareness of their significance and vulnerability and contribute to legal protection measures and sustainable management. Through case studies in Egypt, Jordan and Turkey, the project will address development of theoretical and practical methods pertaining to the major steps in the process of conservation: from recognition, investigation and assessment of significance, to under- standing the risks, developing sound conservation and monitoring concepts, and suggesting mechanisms for sustainable management. -
The Illegality of Morocco's Nationalist Expansion Into Western Sahara and Their Support from the United States Rachid H
The University of San Francisco USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center Master's Theses Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects Spring 5-19-2014 Aiding and Abetting: The Illegality of Morocco's Nationalist Expansion into Western Sahara and their Support from the United States Rachid H. Yousfi University of San Francisco, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.usfca.edu/thes Part of the African History Commons, African Studies Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Diplomatic History Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, International Law Commons, International Relations Commons, Law and Politics Commons, Legal Commons, Peace and Conflict Studies Commons, Political History Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Yousfi, Rachid H., "Aiding and Abetting: The Illegality of Morocco's Nationalist Expansion into Western Sahara and their Support from the United States" (2014). Master's Theses. 113. https://repository.usfca.edu/thes/113 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, Capstones and Projects at USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. It has been accepted for inclusion in Master's Theses by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship: a digital repository @ Gleeson Library | Geschke Center. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Aiding and Abetting: The Illegality of Morocco’s Nationalist Expansion into Western Sahara and their Support from the United States Rachid Yousfi University of San Francisco December 2013 Master of Arts in International Studies i Abstract: This paper will address the illegality of Morocco’s nationalist annexation of Western Sahara and how the United States plays the accommodating role through the selling of arms, economic aid, and diplomatic support. -
Usool Al-Hadeeth 101
© Islamic Online University Usool al-Hadeeth 101 Transliteration System a d Short Vowels ﺽ ﺍ b t a َ ﻁ ﺏ t z i ِ ﻅ ﺕ th ‘ u ُ ﻉ ﺙ j gh ﻍ ﺝ h f Long Vowels ﻑ ﺡ kh q aa ﺀ ﺍ or ﺁ ﻕ ﺥ d k ee ِﻱ ﻙ ﺩ th l oo ُﻭ ﻝ ﺫ r m ﻡ ﺭ z n ﻥ ﺯ s h ﻩ ﺱ Sh w ﻭ ﺵ s y ﻱ ﺹ http://www.islamiconlineuniversity.com 3 © Islamic Online University Usool al-Hadeeth 101 ONE: Definitions The Arabic word hadeeth basically means ‘an item of news, conversation, a tale, a story or a report,’ whether historical or legendary, true or false, relating to the present or the past. Its secondary meaning as an adjective is ‘new’ as opposed to qadeem, ‘old’. However, like other Arabic words (e.g. salaah, zakaah), its meaning changed in Islaam. From the time of the Prophet (r), his stories and communications dominated all other forms of communication. Consequently, the term hadeeth began to be used almost exclusively for reports that spoke of his actions and sayings.1 Usage of the Word hadeeth The term hadeeth has been used in both the Qur’aan2 and the prophetic traditions according to all of its linguistic meanings. The following three categories are the most notable usages. It has been used to mean: a) The Qur’aan itself ( ﻓﹶ ﺬﹶﺭﻧِﻲ ﻭﻣﻦ ﻳﻜﹶﺬﱢﺏ ﺑِﻬﺬﹶﺍ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ) “Then leave Me alone with those who reject this communication3.”(Soorah al-Qalam, 68: 44) (( ﺇِﻥﱠ ﺃﹶﺣﺴﻦ ﺍﻟﹾﺤﺪِﻳﺚِ ﻛِﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﷲِ )) “Indeed, the best form of communication is the Book of Allaah…”4 1 Hadith Literature, p. -
Developing Innovative Marketing Plan to Augment the Visitation of Egyptian World Heritage Sites: a Case Study on Saladin Citadel
See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/291832778 Developing Innovative Marketing Plan to Augment the Visitation of Egyptian World Heritage Sites: A Case Study on Saladin Citadel Thesis · November 2015 DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.1.3584.1042 READS 36 1 author: Mohamed Badry Kamel Basuny Amer Children's Creative and Civilization Centre (… 6 PUBLICATIONS 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Available from: Mohamed Badry Kamel Basuny Amer Retrieved on: 22 April 2016 Developing Innovative Marketing Plan to Augment the Visitation of Egyptian World Heritage Sites: A Case Study on Saladin Citadel Master Thesis submitted to Heritage Conservation and Site Management Programme at Helwan University in Cairo, Egypt and Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Heritage Conservation and Site Management Prepared by MOHAMED BADRY KAMEL BASUNY AMER Mat. no. (HU): HCSM-01-0010-P Mat. no. (BTU): 3359394 Prof. Dr. PING KONG Prof. Dr. MAYADA BELAL Heritage Management Professor Marketing Professor BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany Helwan University, Egypt CAIRO 2015 AFFIDAVIT I hereby declare that all information disclosed in this master's thesis is a product of my original and individual work. Neither this work in its complete form, nor any of its parts have been submitted to any university other than Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus- Senftenberg and Helwan University for the award of any academic degree. Furthermore, I confirm that all sources other than my own have been duly acknowledged. __________________ __________________________________ (date) (signature) ii "To My Mother with Love" iii “Culture and heritage are powerful tools for dialogue and social cohesion” UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova iv Abstract: This dissertation consists of four chapters. -
Expulsion of the Palestinians
Expulsion of the Palestinians The Concept of "Transfer" in Zionist Political Thought 1882-1948 Nur Masalha institute for Palestine Studies washingtoa D.C. The Institute for Palestine Studies, founded in Beirut in 1963, is an independent nonprofit Arab research and publication center, which is not affiliated to any political organization or government. The opinions expressed in its publications do not necessarily reflect those of the institute. © 1992 by the institute for Palestine Studies All rights reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Masalha, Nur, 1957- Expulsion of the Palestinians: the concept of 'transfer' in Zionist political thought. 1882-1948/Nur Masalha. p. cm. includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-88728-235-0. - ISBN 0-88728-242-3 (pbK.) l. Jewish-Arab relations -1917-1949.2. Population transfers - Palestinian Arabs. 3. Zionism - History. I. Title. DSU9.7.M3I39 1992 320.5’4'095694—dC20 92-9654 CIP Printed in the United States of America ^ Contents Acknowledgments iii Introduction l O ne Zionist Transfer Ideas and Proposals, 1882-1936 5 Early Transfer Proposals of the Founding Fathers 8 The General Approach toward the Palestinians in the Mandatory Period 14 The Weizmann Transfer Scheme of 1930 30 Notes 39 Two The Royal (Peel) Commission, 1937 49 The Origins of the Royal (Peel) Commission's Transfer Recommendation 52 Weizmann. Shertok, and Ben-Gurion and the Peel Recommendations 60 The Emerging Consensus: The Debates at the World Convention of Ihud Po'alei Tzion and the Zurich Congress, August 1937 67 The Soskin Plan of Compulsory Transfer, 1937 80 Notes 85 T hree The Jewish Agency and Transfer in the Wake of the Peel Commission 93 The weitz Transfer Plan.