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Realizing Youth Potential in the Mediterranean: Unlocking Opportunities, Overcoming Challenges

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Realizing Youth Potential in the Mediterranean: Unlocking Opportunities, Overcoming Challenges IAI Research Studies Established in June 2014, New-Med is a research network of Mediterranean IAI Research Studies are monographs written by one or 2 IAI Research Studies ISSN 2611-867X experts and policy analysts with a special interest in the complex social, more authors (IAI or external experts) on key global issues, political, cultural and security-related dynamics that are unfolding in the R 1. Andrea Dessì, Ettore Greco (edited by), The Search for Stability in Libya. EALIZING mainly linked to international politics and international OSCE’s Role between Internal Obstacles and External Challenges, 2018 Mediterranean region. The network is developed by IAI, in cooperation with relations. The aim is to promote greater and more up to date the OSCE Secretariat in Vienna, the Compagnia di San Paolo of Turin, the Y knowledge of emerging issues and trends and help prompt 2. Lorenzo Kamel, Asli Selin Okyay (edited by), Realizing Youth Potential Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, and the OUTH public debate. in the Mediterranean. Unlocking Opportunities, Overcoming Challenges, 2018 German Marshall Fund (GMF) of the United States. At the core of the P OTENTIAL New-Med activities stands the need to rethink the role of multilateral, regional IAI is a private, independent non-profit think tank, founded and sub-regional organizations, to make them better equipped to respond to in 1965 on the initiative of Altiero Spinelli. IAI seeks to IN fast-changing local and global conditions and to address the pressing demands THE promote awareness of international politics and to contribute coming from Mediterranean societies all around the basin. M to the advancement of European integration and multilateral EDITERRANEAN cooperation. Its focus embraces topics of strategic relevance Beyond the narrow focus on security concerns dominating debates on the such as European integration, security and defence, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), there is a dire need for local international economics and global governance, energy, perspectives on the many pressing socio-economic and political challenges : U climate and Italian foreign policy; as well as the dynamics of impacting the “youth” and broader societies in the region. This volume brings NLOCKING together such perspectives offered by eight outstanding young scholars from cooperation and conflict in key geographical regions such as the Mediterranean and Middle East, Asia, Eurasia, Africa and the region on a broad range of issues: from political activism, to women’s O empowerment, from environmental challenges to unemployment, all paying PPORTUNITIES the Americas. attention to youth-inclusiveness. Their accounts highlight the need for policies that are human-centric and not merely state-centric, and for going beyond reproducing “politics as usual”, and instead responding to the changing , O problems and aspirations of societies with their younger and older cohorts. VERCOMING C Book cover: Tunis, 14 April 2017. HALLENGES edited by Lorenzo Kamel Lorenzo edited by Okyay Asli Selin and REALIZING YOUTH POTENTIAL IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: UNLOCKING OPPORTUNITIES, OVERCOMING CHALLENGES edited by Lorenzo Kamel and Asli Selin Okyay 9788833651125_114_LM_2 SEGUICI SUI SOCIAL NETWORK 16.40 EURO IAI Research Studies REALIZING YOUTH POTENTIAL IN THE MEDITERRANEAN: UNLOCKING OPPORTUNITIES, OVERCOMING CHALLENGES edited by Lorenzo Kamel and Asli Selin Okyay in collaboration with Edizioni Nuova Cultura This edited volume was written with the financial support of the Compagnia di San Paolo- and of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (contribution awarded under Article 2 Law No. 948/82). The opinions expressed and arguments em- ployed are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation, the OSCE, its partici _________________________pating States or the institutional partners of the New-Med Research Network. Series Editor Lorenzo Kamel First published 2018 by Edizioni Nuova Cultura For Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Via Angelo Brunetti 9 - I-00186 Roma www.iai.it Copyright © 2018 Edizioni Nuova Cultura - Roma ISBN: 9788833651125 ISSN: 2611-867X Cover design: Luca Mozzicarelli. Cover photo: Yassine Gaidi/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images. Graphic Composition: by Luca Mozzicarelli. The unauthorized reproduction of this book, even partial, carried out by any means, including photocopying, even for internal or didactic use, is prohibited by copyright. Table of Contents List of Contributorsby Nicolò Russo............................... Perez ......................................................................................... 7 List of Abbreviationsby Lorenzo ............................... Kamel and Asli...................................................................................... Selin Okyay 9 Foreword, ............................................................................................ 11 Introduction, ................................................... 15 by Bilal Sukkar 1. “Youth” of Syria: An Antithesis to an Authoritarian System of Power, .......................................................................................................................... 21 1.1 Deconstructing the concept of “youth” ................................................................ 23 1.2 Marginalization of a “youth”-driven political alternative ........................... 25 1.3 Civil society: Thriving in the absence of regime hegemony ...................... 27 Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 29 Policy recommendations ..................................................................................................... 31 2. The PA’s Security Role and Youth Political Representation as Pathways by Ahmed G.S. Sukker for a Workable Palestinian National Reconciliation Deal, ............................................................................................................. 35 2.1 The Palestinian national reconciliation .............................................................. 36 2.2 Dispute over the PA’s security role ........................................................................ 38 2.3 Grounds for modification of the PA’s security role and professionalization of security forces .................................................................. 41 2.4 Changing preferences of the youth ........................................................................ 42 2.5 The way forward ............................................................................................................ 45 by Huda Alsahi 3. Contesting Top-down Led Women’s Empowerment: The Case of Saudi Arabia, .................................................................... 47 3.1 Assessing recent women’s empowerment reforms ........................................ 48 3.2 Contesting women’s empowerment ...................................................................... 51 3.3 Viewing the recent empowerment reforms as enabling factors .............. 54 by Tasnim Abderrahim 4. Democracy in the Making: Youth and Local Governance in Tunisia, ........................................................................................................... 57 4.1 Why promote youth participation in local governance? ............................. 58 4.2 Challenges to an active youth engagement in local governance .............. 62 4.3 Dismantling barriers to youth participation .................................................... 65 Conclusions and way forward .......................................................................................... 68 TABLE OF CONTENTS by Abed Al Kareem Yehya 5. Escaping Water Stress in the MENA Region, ......... 71 5.1 Background ....................................................................................................................... 72 5.2 The water-energy-food nexus .................................................................................. 75 5.3 Water issues in Lebanon: Irrigated agriculture and water stress .......... 76 5.4 Is agriculture the right path for the Bek’aa? ..................................................... 77 5.5 Can solar energy farming be a feasible substitute to irrigated agriculture? ...................................................................................................................... 79 5.6 What about food security? ........................................................................................ 82 5.7 Bottlenecks: Political stability and governance .............................................. 83 Conclusions and policy recommendations ................................................................. 84 6. A Second Resource Curse: Articulating the Consequences of the by Manar Sarie and Ahmad Abdulla Looming Resource Crisis in the Middle East and Plotting a Path for Sustainable Development, ......................... 87 6.1 Our approach ................................................................................................................... 89 6.2 The future of MENA ...................................................................................................... 90 6.3 Potential technological interventions .................................................................. 93 Conclusions ...............................................................................................................................
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