Potential Emissions and Exposures of Toxic Organics from Storage Tanks for Chemical Additions in Hydraulic Fracturing: a Modeling Approach
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Catalytic Role of Solid Acid Catalysts in Glycerol Acetylation for the Production of Bio- Additives: a Review
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte Open Archive Toulouse Archive Ouverte OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work of Toulouse researchers and makes it freely available over the web where possible This is an author’s version published in: http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/20567 Official URL: https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra10686b To cite this version: Kong, Pei San and Aroua, Mohamed Kheireddine and Daud, Wan Mohd Ashri Wan and Lee, Hwei Voon and Cognet, Patrick and Peres-Lucchese, Yolande Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio- additives: a review. (2016) RSC Advances, 6 (73). 68885- 68905. ISSN 2046-2069 Any correspondence concerning this service should be sent to the repository administrator: [email protected] RSC Advances View Article Online REVIEW View Journal | View Issue Catalytic role of solid acid catalysts in glycerol acetylation for the production of bio-additives: Cite this: RSC Adv.,2016,6, 68885 a review Pei San Kong,ac Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua,*a Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud,a b c c Hwei Voon Lee, Patrick Cognet and Yolande Per´ `es Bio-additives obtained from the acetylation of biodiesel-derived glycerol have been extensively synthesized because of their nature as value-added products and their contribution to environmental sustainability. Glycerol acetylation with acetic acid produces commercially important fuel additives. Considering that the recovery of individual monoacetin, diacetin (DA), and triacetin (TA) is complicated, many endeavours have enhanced the selectivity and total conversion of glycerol using acetic acid during catalytic acetylation. -
United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky Et Al
United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky et al. 45) Sep. 27, 1983 (54) FRICTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND 56) References Cited COMPOSITIONS THEREOF U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,009,791 ll/1961 Emrick ............................... 44/76 X (75) Inventors: Andrew G. Horodysky, Cherry Hill; 3,303,208 2/1967 Liao .................................... 44/76 X Joan M. Kaminski, Clementon, both 3,445,498 5/1969 Cyba. 252/49.6 X of N.J. 3,505,226 4/1970 Cyba. ... .252/49.6 3,533,945 10/1970 Vogel ..... ... 252/49.6 3,544,614 12/1970 Schwartz 252/49.6 X 73 Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation, New York, 3,560,386 2/1971 Cyba. .................................. 252/49.6 N.Y. 4,022,713 5/1977 Waldstein ....................... 252/389 R Primary Examiner-W. J. Shine Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alexander J. McKillop; (21) Appl. No.: 259,219 Michael G. Gilman; Howard M. Flournoy (57) ABSTRACT Filed: Apr. 30, 1981 (22) Mixed borated alcohol-amines, alcohol-amides, alcohol ethoxylated amines, alcohol-ethoxylated amides, al (51) Int. Cl. ........................ C10M 1/20; C10M 1/32; cohol-hydroxyester, alcohol-imidazolines and alcohol ClOM 1/54 hydrolyzed imidazolines and mixtures thereof are effec (52) U.S. C. ....................................... 252/49.6; 44/76; tive multifunctional additives when incorporated into 252/389 R; 252/400 R various organic media. 58 Field of Search .............. 252/49.6, 389 R, 400 R; 44/76; 568/1 12 Claims, No Drawings 4,406,802 FRCTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND ROH COMPOSITIONS THEREOF where R may contain any desirable number of carbon BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 atoms based on such factors as oil solubility; however, R usually will contain from about 10 to about 30 carbon 1. -
UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73h6h1z6 Author Siordia, Andrew F. Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering by Andrew Francisco Siordia 2016 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets by Andrew Francisco Siordia Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Bruce S. Dunn, Chair Single layer crystalline materials, often termed two-dimension (2D) materials, have quickly become a popular topic of research interest due to their extraordinary properties. The intrinsic electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene were found to be remarkably distinct from graphite, its bulk counterpart. In conjunction with newfound processing techniques, there is renewed interest in elucidating the structure-property relationships of other 2D materials ii like the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The energy storage capability of 2D nanoplatelets of TiS2 and MoS2 are studied here providing a contrast with investigations of corresponding bulk materials in the early 1970s. TiS2 was synthesized into nanoplatelets using a hot injection route which provided a capacity of ~143mAhg-1 from thin film electrodes as determined by cyclic voltammetry measurements. Phase identification using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to complement the electrochemical performance and impurity identification is presented. -
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on Friction Modifiers for Lubricant Applications
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2015 QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDIES ON FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS Carey Lehner Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4034 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Carey Lehner 2015 All Rights Reserved QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDIES ON FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. by CAREY REBECCA GARBER LEHNER Chemistry and Anthropology, University of Mary Washington, VIRGINIA, 2005 Director: Julio C Alvarez PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia December 2015 Table of Contents Page List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations.............................................................................................................. -
One-Step Synthesis of Ester from Alkene
ー論文ー ●One-step synthesis of ester from alkene Madoka Furuta M.C.Kung and H.H.Kung UFO Project Northwestern University Abstract A one-step synthesis of ethylacetate from a feed mixture of ethene, oxygen, and water using a supported Pd and silicotungstic acid catalyst was demonstrated. At about 180℃ and 25% ethene conversion, ethylacetate could be produced with to 46% selectivity, with 34% acetic acid and ethanol that could be recycled. The catalyst was believed to be bifunctional, with Pd providing the oxidation function and the silicotungstic acid providing the acidic function. And this catalyst system had an activity that could produce isopropylacrylate from a feed mixture of propene, oxygen, and water. 1 Introduction C2H5OH + O2 = CH3COOH + H2O (2) Carboxylic acid esters are used in a wide range of applications. They are used, for example, as plasticizers, solvents, surface-active Finally, ethyl acetate is produced by the esterification of ethanol agents, and flavor and perfume materials. There are many known with acetic acid over a catalyst. methods to produce esters. The most common method is the C2H5OH + CH3COOH = CH3COOC2H5 + H2O (3) esterification, which is a reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid1,2）. For example, ethyl acrylate is synthesized from ethyl alcohol and Thus the overall reaction is acrylic acid, and ethyl acetate from ethyl alcohol and acetic acid. An 2C2H4 + O2 = CH3COOC2H5 (4) acidic catalyst, which can be a mineral acid, or polymeric material containing chemically-bound acid groups, such as sulfonated Such a one-step process has the advantage of starting with reactants, polystyrene, is commonly used in the esterification. -
Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations
J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 10817-10825 10817 Acidity of Keggin-Type Heteropolycompounds Evaluated by Catalytic Probe Reactions, Sorption Microcalorimetry, and Density Functional Quantum Chemical Calculations Billy B. Bardin, Shailendra V. Bordawekar, Matthew Neurock, and Robert J. Davis* Department of Chemical Engineering, UniVersity of Virginia, CharlottesVille, Virginia 22903 ReceiVed: May 22, 1998; In Final Form: October 5, 1998 The acidity and its effects on reactivity of Keggin-type heteropolycompounds were examined by catalytic probe reactions, microcalorimetry of ammonia sorption, and density functional quantum chemical calculations. Phosphotungstic, phosphomolybdic, silicotungstic, and silicomolybdic acids were used as model compounds. The specific rates of double-bond isomerization of both 1-butene and cis-2-butene were orders of magnitude greater on the tungsten heteropolyacids than on molybdenum heteropolyacids, which suggests the tungsten- containing solids are stronger acids. The rate of double-bond isomerization over silicotungstic acid was similar to that over phosphotungstic acid, indicating the minor role of the heteroatom. Results from ammonia sorption -1 microcalorimetry showed ∆Hsorp on tungsten-based heteropolyacids was approximately 40 kJ mol higher than the corresponding enthalpy obtained on molybdenum-based heteropolyacids. Residual waters of hydration significantly affected both reaction rates and sorption enthalpies. Quantum chemical calculations revealed the most energetically favorable site of the acidic proton to be a bridging oxygen atom in the anhydrous heteropolyacid. Calculations on structurally optimized small metal oxide clusters, as well as the complete Keggin unit, were used to determine the proton affinities by DFT methods. Regardless of cluster size, the proton affinity of a tungsten cluster was always lower than that of an analogous molybdenum cluster by about 20-40 kJ mol-1. -
Synthesis of Monodisperse Aluminum Ferrite Nanocrystals
ABSTRACT Synthesis and design of nanocrystalline metal oxides for applications in carbon nanotube growth and antioxidants by Seung Soo Lee Synthesis of size tunable nanomaterials creates distinct chemo-physical properties. Recently, the popularity of magnetic iron oxide and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals enables researchers to use magnetic iron oxides (magnetite and ferrites) in size dependent magnetic separation and CeO2 as an automobile exhaust gas catalyst. This research shows production of diameter-controlled monodisperse magnetic iron oxide (ranging from 3 to 40 nm in diameter) and CeO2 (from 3 to 10 nm in diameter) nanocrystals with exceptional narrow diameter distribution (σ<10%). The morphology and composition of the nanocrystals were varied by use of diverse metal precursors, reaction temperature, time, cosurfactants, and molar ratio between metal salt and surfactant. Now the narrow diameter distributions of preformed magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals made it possible to grow diameter controlled uniform CNTs. The correlation between aluminum ferrite nanocrystal diameter and CNT diameter was nearly one. Additionally, we could synthesize the highest percentage (60%) of single walled CNTs from the smallest aluminum ferrite nanocrystals (4.0 nm). Because of the synthesis of uniform nanocrystalline CeO2, we could study diameter dependent antioxidant properties of nanocrystalline CeO2; antioxidant capacity of CeO2 was nine times higher than a known commercial standard antioxidant, Trolox. In addition, the smallest CeO2 nanocrystal (4 nm) decreased the oxidative stress of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to hydrogen peroxide. These works suggest better understanding of monodisperse nanocrystal synthetic mechanism and potential uses of the materials, such as high quality CNT growth using magnetic iron oxides as precursor catalysts and the reduction of oxidative stress in cells using monodisperse CeO2 nanocrystal as an antioxidant for reactive oxygen species in biological media. -
On the Colloidal Stability of Apolar Nanoparticles: the Role of Ligand Length
On the colloidal stability of apolar nanoparticles: The role of ligand length a a Debora Monego,† Thomas Kister ,‡ Nicholas Kirkwood,¶ Paul Mulvaney,¶ , Asaph Widmer-Cooper,† and Tobias Kraus∗ § ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry and The University of † Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia INM — Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken,Germany ‡ ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of ¶ Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia INM — Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken,Germany § Colloid and interface chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken, Germany E-mail: [email protected] aThese authors contributed equally. arXiv:1902.07413v1 [cond-mat.soft] 20 Feb 2019 1 Abstract Inorganic nanoparticle cores are often coated with organic ligands to render them dispersible in apolar solvents. However, the effect of the ligand shell on the colloidal stability of the overall hybrid particle is not fully understood. In particular, it is not known how the length of an apolar alkyl ligand chain affects the stability of a nanoparticle dispersion against agglomeration.Here, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the interactions between gold nanoparticles and between cadmium selenide nanoparticles passivated by alkanethiol ligands with 12 to 18 carbons in the solvent decane. We find that increasing the ligand length increases colloidal stability in the core-dominated regime but decreases it in the ligand-dominated regime. This unexpected inversion is connected to the transition from ligand- to core-dominated agglomeration when the core diameter increases at constant ligand length. -
Heteropolyacid Salt Catalysts for Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Dimethyl Ether: Effect of Reaction Temperature
catalysts Article Heteropolyacid Salt Catalysts for Methanol Conversion to Hydrocarbons and Dimethyl Ether: Effect of Reaction Temperature Yuehong Yu 1, Daoming Sun 1, Shuanjin Wang 1 , Min Xiao 1,*, Luyi Sun 2 and Yuezhong Meng 1,* 1 The Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Chemistry & Energy Conservation of Guangdong Province/State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; [email protected] (Y.Y.); [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (S.W.) 2 Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] (M.X.); [email protected] (Y.M.); Tel./Fax: +86-20-8411-4113 (Y.M.) Received: 24 February 2019; Accepted: 26 March 2019; Published: 1 April 2019 Abstract: Phosphotungstic and silicotungstic acid salt catalysts (CuPW, CuSiW, FePW, FeSiW) were synthesized by substitution of protons with ferric and copper ions through a simple replacement reaction. The structure and thermal stability were characterized by IR, XRD and TG, and the salts showed a keggin structure and a thermal tolerance near 450 ◦C. Temperature programmed reactions indicated that the four catalysts showed similar trends in the change of methanol conversion, DME selectivity, and light olefins selectivity at 100–400 ◦C. Copper salt catalysts showed a 100% DME selectivity at temperatures ranging from 100–250 ◦C, while FeSiW and FePW catalysts had a 100% DME selectivity near 250 ◦C. Moreover, the heteropolyacid salt catalysts also produced a certain number of light olefins at the temperature ranging from 250–350 ◦C, and the CuSiW catalyst exhibited the highest ethylene and propylene selectivity of 44%. -
Oleylamine As Both Reducing Agent and Stabilizer in a Facile Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Zhichuan Xu,†,‡ Chengmin S
1778 Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 1778–1780 Oleylamine as Both Reducing Agent and Stabilizer Scheme 1 in a Facile Synthesis of Magnetite Nanoparticles Zhichuan Xu,†,‡ Chengmin Shen,‡ Yanglong Hou,*,§ Hongjun Gao,*,‡ and Shouheng Sun*,† Department of Chemistry, Brown UniVersity, ProVidence, Rhode Island 02912, Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080, and College of NPs, the mechanism leading to the chemical conversions into V Engineering, Peking Uni ersity, Beijing, China 100871 Fe3O4 is complicated by the multicomponent reactants present in the reaction mixture. To meet a demand beyond ReceiVed NoVember 1, 2008 the laboratory-scale production, a more reliable and simpli- ReVised Manuscript ReceiVed March 26, 2009 fied synthetic technique to Fe3O4 NPs with a better stoichio- metric control is still desired. Nanostructured magnetite (Fe O ) has been one of the most 3 4 Recently, we reported a chemical synthesis of FeO NPs attractive nanomaterials for various magnetic applications in the mixture of oleylamine and oleic acid.7 By varying the because of its chemical stability1 and biocompability.2 It is heating conditions and ratios of oleylamine and oleic acid, known that Fe O nanoparticles (NPs) with controlled shapes 3 4 the size of FeO NPs can be controlled from 14 to 100 nm. are appealing for information storage applications,3 and those The experiment shows that the presence of excess amount coated with hydrophilic polymers have shown great potentials of oleylamine is the key to provide a strong reductive for medical diagnosis4 and drug delivery.5 Important progress environment for the thermal decomposition of Fe(acac) .7 It has been made regarding wet chemical synthesis of Fe O 3 3 4 indicates that oleylamine acts as an alternative reducing NPs6 to meet an increasing demand for obtaining uniform agent, which is inexpensive and even stronger than the 1,2- NPs with tunable chemical and magnetic properties. -
Book of Abstracts (Final)
1 MGS 2014, Friday February 28th MGS 2014, Friday February 28th A Big Welcome! The organizing committee for the 2014 Mardi Gras Symposium would like to give you a very warm welcome to Tulane University and New Orleans. Since 1960 onwards, local area chemists have organized an annual, one-day, chemistry symposium that takes place in the weekend preceding Mardi Gras. While the specific chemistry subthemes vary every year, the symposium series has always brought in distinguished scientists. This year, renowned experts in the field of Supramolecular Chemistry will present their work. The presenters have not only come from the US, but also from Canada, Ireland, and England, making this a truly international event. Although Tulane University is hosting this event, the symposium would not have been possible without the hard work from many chemists and institutions in New Orleans. In particular, we’d like to express our gratitude to the Mardi Gras Symposium Steering Committee: Alvin Bopp (Southern University of New Orleans), Sean Hickey (University of New Orleans), and John Wiley (University of New Orleans). We would also like to acknowledge financial support from Tulane University Department of Chemistry, The Louisiana section of the American Chemical Society, Tulane University Graduate Studies Student Association, Chemical Communications (Royal Society of Chemistry), Supramolecular Chemistry (Taylor and Francis), Nature Chemistry (Nature Publishing Group), the University of New Orleans, and Tulane School of Science and Engineering. Finally, the organizers would also like to thank local artist Aron Belka for his generous gift. This symposium would not have been possible without the hard work of the secretarial staff and students from the Gibb and Jayawickramarajah groups. -
A Review on the Conversion of Levulinic Acid and Its Esters to Various Useful Chemicals
AIMS Energy, 7(2): 165–185. DOI: 10.3934/energy.2019.2.165 Received: 28 January 2019 Accepted: 28 March 2019 Published: 17 April 2019 http://www.aimspress.com/journal/energy Review A Review on the conversion of levulinic acid and its esters to various useful chemicals Aderemi T. Adeleye1, Hitler Louis2,4,*, Ozioma U. Akakuru3,4, Innocent Joseph2, Obieze C. Enudi4 and Dass P. Michael5 1 Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, P. R. China 2 CAS Key Laboratory for Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Centre for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Centre for Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 3 Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China 4 Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria 5 Department of Chemistry, Modibbo Adama University of Technology, Yola, Nigeria * Correspondence: Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. Abstract: Levulinic acid (LA), an important chemical produced from a bio-based resource for current petrochemical operation, the details of hydrogenation to gamma (γ)-valerolactone (GVL) is reviewed. Levulinic acid (LA) was listed among one of the top value-added chemicals by U.S. Department of Energy and also been identified as a promising sustainable material for the synthesis of other important chemicals. It can be synthesized via a process known as hydrolysis. Its synthetic hydrolysis can be carried out employing some kinds of saccharides (e.g. glucose), the major constituent unit composed in cellulose. Its production from cellulose, the most abundant and renewable natural resource on earth is advantageous; however, recalcitrance nature that holds components together in biomass prevents the easy accessibility to the utilization of cellulose therefore as a result of this, considerable pretreatment is required.