DOCSLIB.ORG

POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

POLITECNICO DI TORINO Repository ISTITUZIONALE Multifunctional surfaces for implants in bone contact applications Original Multifunctional surfaces for implants in bone contact applications / Cazzola, Martina. - (2018 Mar 22). Availability: This version is available at: 11583/2704549 since: 2018-03-27T12:37:15Z Publisher: Politecnico di Torino Published DOI: Terms of use: Altro tipo di accesso This article is made available under terms and conditions as specified in the corresponding bibliographic description in the repository Publisher copyright (Article begins on next page) 04 August 2020 Doctoral Dissertation UniTo-PoliTo Doctoral Program in Bioengineering and Medical-Surgical sciences (30th Cycle) Multifunctional surfaces for implants in bone contact applications By Martina Cazzola ****** Supervisors: Prof. Enrica Vernè, Supervisor Prof. Silvia Spriano, Co-Supervisor Dr. Sara Ferraris, Co-Supervisor Politecnico di Torino 2017 Declaration I hereby declare that, the contents and organization of this dissertation constitute my own original work and does not compromise in any way the rights of third parties, including those relating to the security of personal data. Martina Cazzola 2017 * This dissertation is presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Ph.D. degree in the Graduate School of Politecnico di Torino (ScuDo). Acknowledgment At the end of this journey I would like to thank all the people who have been by my side along the way. Firstly, I would like to thank my tutors Prof. Enrica Vernè, Prof. Silvia Spriano and Dr. Sara Ferraris for their support to my Ph.D research, for sharing with me their knowledge and for motivating me. Without their help all this work would not have been possible. My sincere gratitude also goes to all the people who have collaborated at this research work. My sincere thanks to Prof. Enrico Prenesti and Dr. Ingrid Corazzari of the chemistry department of the Università degli Studi di Torino, To Prof. Lia Rimondini, Dr. Andrea Cochis, Dr. Barbara Azzimonti and Ms. Rita Sorrentino from The Department of Health Sciences of The Università del Piemonte Orientale, To Prof Giuliana Banche and Dr. Valeria Allizont from the Department of Public Health and Pediatrics, Microbiology Division of the Univerità degli Studi di Torino, To Prof. Cinzia Margherita Bertea from the Plant Physiology Unit, Department Life Sciences and Systems Biology of the Università degli Studi di Torino, To Prof. Aleksandra Czyrska-Filemonowicz and Dr. Grzegorz Cempura from the International Centre of Electron Microscopy for Materials Science & Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science from the AGH University of Science and Technology and thanks to Prof. Giuseppe Pezzotti from the Ceramic Physics Laboratory of the Kyoto Institute of Technology. All of these people have made their knowledge, skills and instrumentation available to make this work possible. Thank you to Cri, Vero, Gian, Dlp, Ale and the mansarda’s girls, Fabiana, Giulia, Dome and all my colleagues because I’ve bothered you a lot, but you did not kill me and thanks for all the beers. Thanks to Cri, Sara, Cla, Catalù, Andre, Fra, Fra B. and all my university friends for sharing all these years with me supporting and motivating me. Thanks to Ele, Sara, Paola and Marti because we have known each other for so long and we have shared so many things. I never tell you before, but I love you. Last but not least, I would like to thanks my family; my parents, my brother, my grandparents and my uncle for supporting me every days of my life. If I forgot someone it’s because I'm a mess with these things, but I’m really grateful to all of you. Martina Abstract The idea behind this thesis is the use of natural molecules to confer to the surface of biomaterials for bone contact applications multifunctional properties by means of functionalization. Natural molecules can be extracted from plants or food waste and wine industries, in order to obtain molecules with high added value, but low cost; local sources are preferred in order to valorize the territory, for examples Barbera grapes and Mentha Piperita of Pancalieri in the case of Piedmont. Polyphenols and essential oils are natural extracts from these types of sources and they have antitumoral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and osteoinductive properties and they are also reductive agents useful for the in situ reduction of silver nanoparticles in order to confer antibacterial properties to the surfaces. The substrates used for functionalization were a surface chemical treated bioactive titanium alloy and a silica based bioactive glass. Different functionalization protocols were studied and improved. The procedures of functionalization were tailored for each molecule and both substrates by varying pH, medium, solute concentration and time of functionalization in order to maximize the amount of molecules grafted to the surface and minimize any effect of degradation of the molecules. After functionalization, the samples were physically and chemically characterized and tested in vitro with bacterial and cellular assays. The presence and the activity of the natural molecules on the surface after functionalization was confirmed by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic measurements with the Folin&Ciocalteu method, Gaschromatographic analysis and Fluorescence microscope analysis. The cellular tests highlighted the selective actions of polyphenols with tumoral and healthy cells showing cytotoxicity effects on tumoral cells and protective effects against RONS on healthy cells. Bioactivity tests of apatite precipitation in vitro in Simulated Body Fluid and of cellular mineralization show the ability of polyphenols to improve mineralization process. They influence the deposition kinetic of hydroxyapatite deposition kinetic and the formation of different apatite structure depending on the type of polyphenol used for the functionalization. Functionalization with Mentha essential oil shows the reduction of the bacterial adhesion on the treated surfaces tested with Staphylococcus Aureus and the same result was found for the surfaces with the silver nanoparticles. In both cases, it is evidenced that it is challenging to find a proper balance between an effective antibacterial action (bactericide or bacteriostatic) and cytocompatibility. Silver nanoparticles were in situ reduced on the surface of chemically-treated titanium alloy by means of the use of polyphenols as natural reducing agents in order to confer antibacterial activity to the surface. The presence, distribution and shape of the silver nanoparticles were investigated with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, as well as Transmission electron microscopy with selected area electron diffraction patterns. The nanoparticles are under the 10 nm and well dispersed on all the surface of the samples. According to the results, surface functionalization of biomaterials is a promising strategy in order to combine the properties of biomolecules with those of surfaces and also to obtain is situ synthesis of antibacterial nanoparticles. Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................ 1 Chapter 1- Introduction to critical aspects concerning surface characteristics of bone contact implants ........................................................................................ 3 1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 3 1.2 Osteointegration ............................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Surfaces modifications to enhance osteointegrability ............................. 6 1.3 Infections ....................................................................................................... 9 1.3.1 Surfaces modifications in order to avoid bacterial infections ............ 11 1.4 Multifunctional surfaces .............................................................................. 14 References ......................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 2- Polyphenols ....................................................................................... 19 2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 19 2.2 Classification and chemical structure of polyphenols ................................. 20 2.2.1 Composition and structure of green tea leaves polyphenols ................ 23 2.2.1 Composition and structure of red grape polyphenols........................... 25 2.3 Properties of polyphenols ............................................................................ 26 2.3.1 Antitumoral properties ......................................................................... 28 2.3.2 Antioxidant properties .......................................................................... 33 2.3.3 Antibacterial properties ........................................................................ 35 2.3.4 Effects on bone health .......................................................................... 39 2.3.5 Bioavailability and stability .................................................................. 40 2.4 Functionalization with polyphenols ............................................................ 41 2.5 Materials and methods
Recommended publications
  • Solid Rocket Propellant Feststoffraketentreibsatz Charge Propulsive Solide Pour Fusée

    Solid Rocket Propellant Feststoffraketentreibsatz Charge Propulsive Solide Pour Fusée

    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001069095B1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 069 095 B1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT SPECIFICATION (45) Date of publication and mention (51) Int Cl.7: C06B 45/10, C06B 21/00 of the grant of the patent: 05.10.2005 Bulletin 2005/40 (21) Application number: 00305886.4 (22) Date of filing: 12.07.2000 (54) Solid rocket propellant Feststoffraketentreibsatz Charge propulsive solide pour fusée (84) Designated Contracting States: • Tzeng, Donald Dongjaw DE FR San Jose, California 95132 (US) (30) Priority: 16.07.1999 US 356175 (74) Representative: Leckey, David Herbert Frank B. Dehn & Co., (43) Date of publication of application: European Patent Attorneys, 17.01.2001 Bulletin 2001/03 179 Queen Victoria Street London EC4V 4EL (GB) (73) Proprietor: UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION (56) References cited: Hartford, CT 06101 (US) EP-A- 0 266 973 DE-A- 19 520 548 US-A- 4 098 627 US-A- 4 775 432 (72) Inventors: US-A- 5 240 523 • Jones, Marvin Luther Hollister, California 95023 (US) Note: Within nine months from the publication of the mention of the grant of the European patent, any person may give notice to the European Patent Office of opposition to the European patent granted. Notice of opposition shall be filed in a written reasoned statement. It shall not be deemed to have been filed until the opposition fee has been paid. (Art. 99(1) European Patent Convention). EP 1 069 095 B1 Printed by Jouve, 75001 PARIS (FR) EP 1 069 095 B1 Description [0001] The present invention is directed to a solid rocket propellant.
  • Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils

    Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils

    Retention Indices for Frequently Reported Compounds of Plant Essential Oils V. I. Babushok,a) P. J. Linstrom, and I. G. Zenkevichb) National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA (Received 1 August 2011; accepted 27 September 2011; published online 29 November 2011) Gas chromatographic retention indices were evaluated for 505 frequently reported plant essential oil components using a large retention index database. Retention data are presented for three types of commonly used stationary phases: dimethyl silicone (nonpolar), dimethyl sili- cone with 5% phenyl groups (slightly polar), and polyethylene glycol (polar) stationary phases. The evaluations are based on the treatment of multiple measurements with the number of data records ranging from about 5 to 800 per compound. Data analysis was limited to temperature programmed conditions. The data reported include the average and median values of retention index with standard deviations and confidence intervals. VC 2011 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. [doi:10.1063/1.3653552] Key words: essential oils; gas chromatography; Kova´ts indices; linear indices; retention indices; identification; flavor; olfaction. CONTENTS 1. Introduction The practical applications of plant essential oils are very 1. Introduction................................ 1 diverse. They are used for the production of food, drugs, per- fumes, aromatherapy, and many other applications.1–4 The 2. Retention Indices ........................... 2 need for identification of essential oil components ranges 3. Retention Data Presentation and Discussion . 2 from product quality control to basic research. The identifi- 4. Summary.................................. 45 cation of unknown compounds remains a complex problem, in spite of great progress made in analytical techniques over 5.
  • Interpreting Sources and Endocrine Active Components of Trace Organic Contaminant Mixtures in Minnesota Lakes

    Interpreting Sources and Endocrine Active Components of Trace Organic Contaminant Mixtures in Minnesota Lakes

    INTERPRETING SOURCES AND ENDOCRINE ACTIVE COMPONENTS OF TRACE ORGANIC CONTAMINANT MIXTURES IN MINNESOTA LAKES by Meaghan E. Guyader © Copyright by Meaghan E. Guyader, 2018 All Rights Reserved A thesis submitted to the Faculty and the Board of Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Civil and Environmental Engineering). Golden, Colorado Date _____________________________ Signed: _____________________________ Meaghan E. Guyader Signed: _____________________________ Dr. Christopher P. Higgins Thesis Advisor Golden, Colorado Date _____________________________ Signed: _____________________________ Dr. Terri S. Hogue Professor and Department Head Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering ii ABSTRACT On-site wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are a suspected source of widespread trace organic contaminant (TOrC) occurrence in Minnesota lakes. TOrCs are a diverse set of synthetic and natural chemicals regularly used as cleaning agents, personal care products, medicinal substances, herbicides and pesticides, and foods or flavorings. Wastewater streams are known to concentrate TOrC discharges to the environment, particularly accumulating these chemicals at outfalls from centralized wastewater treatment plants. Fish inhabiting these effluent dominated environments are also known to display intersex qualities. Concurrent evidence of this phenomenon, known as endocrine disruption, in Minnesota lake fish drives hypotheses that OWTSs, the primary form of wastewater treatment in shoreline residences, may contribute to TOrC occurrence and the endocrine activity in these water bodies. The causative agents specific to fish in this region remain poorly understood. The objective of this dissertation was to investigate OWTSs as sources of TOrCs in Minnesota lakes, and TOrCs as potential causative agents for endocrine disruption in resident fish.
  • United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky Et Al

    United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky Et Al

    United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky et al. 45) Sep. 27, 1983 (54) FRICTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND 56) References Cited COMPOSITIONS THEREOF U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,009,791 ll/1961 Emrick ............................... 44/76 X (75) Inventors: Andrew G. Horodysky, Cherry Hill; 3,303,208 2/1967 Liao .................................... 44/76 X Joan M. Kaminski, Clementon, both 3,445,498 5/1969 Cyba. 252/49.6 X of N.J. 3,505,226 4/1970 Cyba. ... .252/49.6 3,533,945 10/1970 Vogel ..... ... 252/49.6 3,544,614 12/1970 Schwartz 252/49.6 X 73 Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation, New York, 3,560,386 2/1971 Cyba. .................................. 252/49.6 N.Y. 4,022,713 5/1977 Waldstein ....................... 252/389 R Primary Examiner-W. J. Shine Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alexander J. McKillop; (21) Appl. No.: 259,219 Michael G. Gilman; Howard M. Flournoy (57) ABSTRACT Filed: Apr. 30, 1981 (22) Mixed borated alcohol-amines, alcohol-amides, alcohol ethoxylated amines, alcohol-ethoxylated amides, al (51) Int. Cl. ........................ C10M 1/20; C10M 1/32; cohol-hydroxyester, alcohol-imidazolines and alcohol ClOM 1/54 hydrolyzed imidazolines and mixtures thereof are effec (52) U.S. C. ....................................... 252/49.6; 44/76; tive multifunctional additives when incorporated into 252/389 R; 252/400 R various organic media. 58 Field of Search .............. 252/49.6, 389 R, 400 R; 44/76; 568/1 12 Claims, No Drawings 4,406,802 FRCTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND ROH COMPOSITIONS THEREOF where R may contain any desirable number of carbon BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 atoms based on such factors as oil solubility; however, R usually will contain from about 10 to about 30 carbon 1.
  • A Novel Route to Synthesis of Lead Glycolate and Perovskite Lead Titanate, Lead Zirconate, and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

    A Novel Route to Synthesis of Lead Glycolate and Perovskite Lead Titanate, Lead Zirconate, and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)

    36 «“√ “√«‘®—¬ ¡¢. (∫».) 7 (1) : ¡.§. - ¡’.§. 2550 A Novel Route to Synthesis of Lead Glycolate and Perovskite Lead Titanate, Lead Zirconate, and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) via Sol-Gel Process π«—µ°√√¡¢Õß°√–∫«π°“√ —߇§√“–Àå‡≈¥‰°≈‚§‡≈µ·≈–‚§√ß √â“ß·∫∫ ‡æÕ√Õø ‰°µå¢Õ߇≈¥‰∑∑“‡πµ ‡≈¥‡´Õ√傧‡πµ ·≈– ‡≈¥‡´Õ√傧‡πµ‰∑∑“‡πµ ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√‚´≈-‡®≈ Nuchnapa Tangboriboon (πÿ™π¿“ µ—Èß∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å)* Dr. Sujitra Wongkasemjit (¥√. ÿ®‘µ√“ «ß»å‡°…¡®‘µµå)** Dr. Alexander M. Jameison (¥√. Õ‡≈Á°´“π‡¥Õ√å ‡ÕÁ¡ ‡®¡‘ —π)*** Dr. Anuvat Sirivat (¥√. Õπÿ«—≤πå »‘√‘«—≤πå)**** ABSTRACT The reaction of lead acetate trihydrate Pb(CH3COO)2.3H2O and ethylene glycol, using triethylenetetramine (TETA) as a catalyst, provides, in one step, an access to a polymer-like precursor of lead glycolate [-PbOCH2CH2O-] via oxide one pot synthesis (OOPS). The lead glycolate precursor has superior electrical properties than lead acetate trihydrate, suggesting that the lead glycolate precursor can possibly be used as a starting material mixed with other precursors such as titanium glycolate and sodium tris (glycozirconate) to produce lead titanate, lead zirconate, and lead zirconate titanate by sol-gel transition process. ∫∑§¥¬— àÕ ß“π«‘®—¬π’ȉ¥â»÷°…“°“√‡°‘¥ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“√–À«à“߇≈¥Õ–´’‡µ¥‰µ√‰Œ‡¥√µ ·≈–‡Õ∑‘≈’π‰°≈§Õ≈‚¥¬„™â “√ ‰µ√‡Õ∑‘≈’π‡µµ√–¡’π‡ªìπ§–µ–≈’ µå‡æ◊ËÕ„™â„π°“√º≈‘µ “√µ—Èßµâπ‚æ≈‘‡¡Õ√å§◊Õ‡≈¥‰°≈‚§‡≈µ [-PbOCH2CH2O-] ∑ ”§’Ë ≠™π— ¥Àπ‘ ßµ÷Ë Õ¢∫«π°“√𔉪„™à „π°“√ â ߇§√“–À— å “√‰¥Õ‡≈§µ√‘ °™π‘ ¥µ‘ “ßÊà ‰¥·°â à “√‡øÕ√‚√‰¥Õå ‡≈§µ√‘ °‘ “√·Õπ‰∑‡øÕ√å‚√Õ‘‡≈§µ√‘°·≈– “√‡æ’¬‚´‰¥Õ‘‡≈§µ√‘°®“°°“√ —߇§√“–Àå¥â«¬ “√ª√–°Õ∫ÕÕ°‰´¥å‡æ’¬ß ¢—ÈπµÕπ‡¥’¬«∑’ˇ√’¬°«à“ Oxide One Pot Synthesis (OOPS) ∑”„À≥⠓√µ—Èßµâπ‡≈¥‰°≈‚§‡≈µ¡’ ¡∫—µ‘∑“߉øøÑ“ ¥’°«à“‡≈¥Õ–´’‡µ¥‰µ√‰Œ‡¥√µ πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß “¡“√∂𔉪„™âº ¡°—∫ “√µ—Èßµâπ™π‘¥Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ‰∑∑“‡π’¬¡ ‰°≈‚§‡≈µ·≈–‚´‡¥’¬¡∑√’ ‰°≈‚§‡´Õ√傧‡πµ‡æ◊ËÕº≈‘µ‡≈¥‰∑∑“‡πµ ‡≈¥‡´Õ√傧‡πµ·≈–‡≈¥‡´Õ√傧‡πµ ‰∑∑“‡πµ ‚¥¬ºà“π°√–∫«π°“√‚´≈-‡®≈∑√“π ‘™—Ëπ Key Words : OOPS, Sol-gel process, Dielectric materials §” ”§—≠ : OOPS °√–∫«π°“√‚´≈-‡®≈ «— ¥ÿ‰¥Õ‘‡≈§µ√‘° * Ph.D.
  • Redalyc.Degradation of Citronellol, Citronellal and Citronellyl Acetate By

    Redalyc.Degradation of Citronellol, Citronellal and Citronellyl Acetate By

    Electronic Journal of Biotechnology E-ISSN: 0717-3458 [email protected] Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Chile Tozoni, Daniela; Zacaria, Jucimar; Vanderlinde, Regina; Longaray Delamare, Ana Paula; Echeverrigaray, Sergio Degradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by Pseudomonas mendocina IBPse 105 Electronic Journal of Biotechnology, vol. 13, núm. 2, marzo, 2010, pp. 1-7 Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Valparaíso, Chile Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=173313806002 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Electronic Journal of Biotechnology ISSN: 0717-3458 Vol.13 No.2, Issue of March 15, 2010 © 2010 by Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso -- Chile Received April 24, 2009 / Accepted November 6, 2009 DOI: 10.2225/vol13-issue2-fulltext-8 RESEARCH ARTICLE Degradation of citronellol, citronellal and citronellyl acetate by Pseudomonas mendocina IBPse 105 Daniela Tozoni Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Jucimar Zacaria Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Regina Vanderlinde Instituto de Biotecnologia Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Ana Paula Longaray Delamare Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil Sergio Echeverrigaray* Universidade de Caxias do Sul R. Francisco G. Vargas 1130 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brazil E-mail: [email protected] Financial support: COREDES/FAPERGS, and D.
  • Melissa Officinalis L., a Valuable Medicine Plant: a Review

    Melissa Officinalis L., a Valuable Medicine Plant: a Review

    Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 4(25), pp. 2753-2759, 29 December Special Review, 2010 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/JMPR ISSN 1996-0875 ©2010 Academic Journals Review Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review Moradkhani H.1, Sargsyan E.1, Bibak H.2, Naseri B.3, Sadat-Hosseini M.2, Fayazi-Barjin A.4 and Meftahizade H.5* 1Institute of Hydroponic Problems, National Academic of Sciences, Yerevan, Republic of Armenia. 2Department of plant production, faculty of Agriculture, university of Jiroft, Kerman, Iran. 3Faculty of Islamic Azad University, Ilam, Iran. 4Department of Plant Protection, University of Tehran, Iran. 5Researcher of ACECR Medicinal Plants Center, Ilam, Iran. Accepted 6 December, 2010 Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicinal plant in herbal medicine is native to the eastern Mediterranean Region and western Asia. The constituent of the essential oil of the plant in various climates is different, but citral (geranial and neral), citronellal, geraniol are main components. Many parameters influencing essential oil composition and yield, such as light intensity, nutrient, temperature, cultural practice genotype, plant part age, harvesting time. Lemon balm has been traditionally used for different medical purposes as tonic, antispasmodic, carminative, diaphoretic, surgical dressing for wounds, sedative-hypnotic strengthening the memory, and relief of stress induced headache, but in modern pharmacology is value in the management of mild to moderate Alzheimer’s, against migraine and rheumatism, antitumel and antioxidant activities. Key words: Melissa officinalis, essential oil, pharmacology and antioxidant. INTRODUCTION Lemon balm, member of the family Lamiaceae (formerly years may no longer germinate (Zargari, 1991). Labiatae) is a perennial bushy plant and is upright, Lemon balm has a hairy root system with many lateral reaching a height of about 1 m.
  • The Titanium Industry: a Case Study in Oligopoly and Public Policy

    The Titanium Industry: a Case Study in Oligopoly and Public Policy

    THE TITANIUM INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY IN OLIGOPOLY AND PUBLIC POLICY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of the Ohio State University by FRANCIS GEORGE MASSON, B.A., M.A. The Ohio State University 1 9 5 k Content* L £MR I. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................... 1 II. THE PRODUCT AND ITS APPLICATIONS...................................... 9 Consumption and Uses ................................. 9 Properties ........................................................ ...... 16 III. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE................................................................................ 28 Definition of the I n d u s t r y ............................................ 28 Financial Structure. ..••••••.••. 32 Alloys and Carbide Branch. ........................... 3 k Pigment Branch .............................................................................. 35 Primary Metal Branch ................................. 1*0 Fabrication Branch ................................. $0 IT. INDUSTRY STRUCTURE - CONTINUED............................................. $2 Introduction ................................ $2 World Production and Resources ................................. $3 Nature of the Demand for Ram Materials . $8 Ores and Concentrates Branch. ••••••• 65 Summary.................................................................. 70 V. TAXATION. ANTITRUST AND TARIFF POLICY............................
  • ISOLATION of GERANIOL from RHODINOL by USING PDC REAGENT Nahso3 and Nabh4

    ISOLATION of GERANIOL from RHODINOL by USING PDC REAGENT Nahso3 and Nabh4

    The 2nd International Conference on Chemical Sciences Proceeding ISSN NO. 1410-8313 Yogyakarta, October 14-16th, 2010 ISOLATION OF GERANIOL FROM RHODINOL BY USING PDC REAGENT NaHSO3 AND NaBH4 Zaina Mukhia Bintan, Priatmoko1,*), and Hardono Sastrohamidjojo*) 1 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia * Corresponding author, tel/fax : +62274545188 ABSTRACT Isolation geraniol from the rhodinol have been coducted by using PDC (pyridinium dichromate) reagent, NaHSO3 and NaBH4. The prosses consits of four steps : first step was rhodinol to get the high grade (it are compare between citronella oil from sample A, sample B and sample C, second step was the oxidation of rhodinol by using PDC, third step was separation of citral from citronellol by using sodium bisulfit, and the last step was reduction of citral to geraiol by using NaBH4 in etanol. The higher grade rhodinol was isolated from citronella oil of sample with purity 29.03%. The rhodinol wich used in this research was product of the third fraction redistillation of distillate the second fraction citronella oil, with grade of rhodinol was 90.55%. The oxidation of rhodinol by using PDC, could selectively oxidize geraniol become citral, whereas nothing change with citronellol. The product of oxidation was mixture of citral and citronellol, yellow liquid with fragnance odor, weight : 0.8 g. The geraniol can be obtained from reduction geraniol by using NaBH4 in ethanol. Product of reduction was colourless liquid, with fragnance odor, weight : 0.4 g. The product was analyzed by using GC and infrared spectrometer. Keywords: geraniol, citral, pyridinium dichromate INTRODUCTION Schmidts (1979 have also made the reagent to oxidase alcohol (primary, secondary and so he essential oil is a natural product that on) become the carbonyl compound.
  • A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health

    A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health

    IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399. Volume. 1 Issue. 3, PP 57-60 www.iosrjournals.org A Critical Study on Chemistry and Distribution of Phenolic Compounds in Plants, and Their Role in Human Health Nisreen Husain1, Sunita Gupta2 1 (Department of Zoology, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] 2 (Department of Chemistry, Govt. Dr. W.W. Patankar Girls’ PG. College, Durg (C.G.) 491001,India) email - [email protected] Abstract: Phytochemicals are the secondary metabolites synthesized in different parts of the plants. They have the remarkable ability to influence various body processes and functions. So they are taken in the form of food supplements, tonics, dietary plants and medicines. Such natural products of the plants attribute to their therapeutic and medicinal values. Phenolic compounds are the most important group of bioactive constituents of the medicinal plants and human diet. Some of the important ones are simple phenols, phenolic acids, flavonoids and phenyl-propanoids. They act as antioxidants and free radical scavengers, and hence function to decrease oxidative stress and their harmful effects. Thus, phenols help in prevention and control of many dreadful diseases and early ageing. Phenols are also responsible for anti-inflammatory, anti-biotic and anti- septic properties. The unique molecular structure of these phytochemicals, with specific position of hydroxyl groups, owes to their powerful bioactivities. The present work reviews the critical study on the chemistry, distribution and role of some phenolic compounds in promoting health-benefits.
  • Creation of Thin Film Cusbse2 Through Closed Space Vapor Transport Deposition

    Creation of Thin Film Cusbse2 Through Closed Space Vapor Transport Deposition

    UPTEC Q 18004 Examensarbete 30 hp Mars 2018 Creation of thin film CuSbSe2 through closed space vapor transport deposition Malin Eriksen Abstract Creation of thin film CuSbSe2 through closed space vapor transport deposition Malin Eriksen Teknisk- naturvetenskaplig fakultet UTH-enheten With an increasing demand for fossil-free energy the development of efficient solar cells made from sustainable and abundant materials is needed. A promising group of Besöksadress: new absorber materials are the chalcogenide materials, including the chalcostibnite Ångströmlaboratoriet Lägerhyddsvägen 1 compounds copper antimony selenide, CuSbSe2. The few studies that have been Hus 4, Plan 0 carried out on this material show promising properties with an absorption coefficient higher than 7 x 104 cm-1 in the visible region and a band gap around 1.5-1.1 eV, Postadress: which theoretically can be tuned by creating an alloy with the more studied and Box 536 751 21 Uppsala higher band gap material CuSbS2. Telefon: This project has focused on creating CuSbSe2 using closed space vapor transport 018 – 471 30 03 (CSVT) depositions. Three different approaches have been used; Telefax: i. deposition of antimony selenide, Sb2Se3, on pre-sputtered copper films, 018 – 471 30 00 ii. deposition of antimony and selenium in two steps on pre-sputtered copper films and Hemsida: iii. deposition of selenium on pre-sputtered stacked films of copper and antimony. The http://www.teknat.uu.se/student films were analyzed using optical imaging, SEM, EDS, XRD, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. It was found that the Cu-Sb-Se system is complicated, containing numerous phases with low crystallographic symmetry compared with chalcopyrite materials.
  • As2se3)100 – X(Sb2se3)X Glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR Using a Multivariate Curve Resolution Approach Eva Cernoˇskov´A,J.ˇ Holubov´A,B

    As2se3)100 – X(Sb2se3)X Glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR Using a Multivariate Curve Resolution Approach Eva Cernoˇskov´A,J.ˇ Holubov´A,B

    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by HAL-Rennes 1 Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100 { x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach Eva Cernoˇskov´a,J.ˇ Holubov´a,B. Bureau, C. Roiland, V. Nazabal, R. Todorov, Z Cernoˇsekˇ To cite this version: Eva Cernoˇskov´a,J.ˇ Holubov´a,B. Bureau, C. Roiland, V. Nazabal, et al.. Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100 { x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, Elsevier, 2016, 432 (B), pp.426-431. <10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2015.10.044>. <hal-01231157> HAL Id: hal-01231157 https://hal-univ-rennes1.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01231157 Submitted on 20 May 2016 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Thermoanalytical properties and structure of (As2Se3)100-x(Sb2Se3)x glasses by Raman and 77Se MAS NMR using a multivariate curve resolution approach E. Černošková1, J. Holubová3, B. Bureau2, C. Roiland2, V. Nazabal2, R. Todorov4, Z. Černošek3 1Joint Laboratory of Solid State Chemistry of IMC CAS, v.v.i., and University of Pardubice, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Studentská 84, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic, [email protected] 2ISCR, UMR-CNRS 6226, University of Rennes 1, France.