DOCSLIB.ORG

Recent Advances in the Use of Iron–Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Nanomaterials 2021, 11, X for PEER REVIEW 2 of 25

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

nanomaterials Review Recent Advances in the Use of Iron–Gold Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications Nanomaterials 2021, 11, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 25 Mariam Abdulaziz M. Tarkistani, Varsha Komalla and Veysel Kayser * (http://creativecommons.org/licenses Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, /by/4.0/). 2006, Australia; [email protected] (M.A.M.T.); [email protected] (V.K.) * Correspondence:Camperdown, [email protected]; NSW 2006, Australia; [email protected] Tel.: +61-2-9351-3391 (M.A.M.T.); [email protected] (V.K.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +61-2-9351-3391 Abstract: Recently, there has been an increased interest in iron–gold-based hybrid nanostructures, due to their combined outstanding optical and magnetic properties resulting from the usage of two Abstract: Recently, there has been an increased interest in iron–gold-based hybrid nanostructures, separate metals. The synthesis of these nanoparticles involves thermal decomposition and due to their combined outstanding optical and magnetic properties resulting from the usage of modification of their surfaces using a variety of different methods, which are discussed in this two separate metals. The synthesis of these nanoparticles involves thermal decomposition and review. In addition, different forms such as core–shell, dumbbell, flower, octahedral, star, rod, and modification of their surfaces using a variety of different methods, which are discussed in this review. Janus-shaped hybrids are discussed, and their unique properties are highlighted. Studies on In addition, different forms such as core–shell, dumbbell, flower, octahedral, star, rod, and Janus- combining optical response in the near-infrared window and magnetic properties of iron–gold- shaped hybrids are discussed, and their unique properties are highlighted. Studies on combining based hybrid nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoprobes for drug delivery, magnetic– optical response in the near-infrared window and magnetic properties of iron–gold-based hybrid photothermal heating as well as contrast agents during magnetic and optical imaging and nanoparticles as multifunctional nanoprobes for drug delivery, magnetic–photothermal heating magnetically-assisted optical biosensing to detect traces of targeted analytes inside the body has as well as contrast agents during magnetic and optical imaging and magnetically-assisted optical been reviewed. biosensing to detect traces of targeted analytes inside the body has been reviewed. Keywords: nanomaterials; nanohybrids; magnetic plasmonic nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; Keywords: nanomaterials; nanohybrids; magnetic plasmonic nanoparticles; gold nanoparticles; iron iron oxide nanoparticles; surface functionalization; biomedical applications oxide nanoparticles; surface functionalization; biomedical applications Citation: Tarkistani, M.A.M.; Komalla, V.; Kayser, V. Recent Advances in the Use of Iron–Gold 1. Introduction Hybrid Nanoparticles for Biomedical 1. Introduction Applications. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, Nanoparticles (NPs) usually possess distinct chemical and physical properties Nanoparticles (NPs) usually possess distinct chemical and physical properties com- 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/compared to macromolecules, mainly due to their smaller sizes. These properties include pared to macromolecules, mainly due to their smaller sizes. These properties include nano11051227 conductance, magnetism, chemical interactions, and optical properties [1] as well as conductance, magnetism, chemical interactions, and optical properties [1] as well as surface surface area, shape, magnetism, and permeability, affecting their characteristics and Academic Editor: Magdalena O´cwieja area, shape, magnetism, and permeability, affecting their characteristics and making them makingunique them unique in their in functioning their functioning [2]. [2]. NPs areNPs ubiquitously are ubiquitously present present around around us in us nature, in nature, for forinstance, instance, in inour our food, food, e.g., e.g., casein Received: 8 April 2021 casein micelles [3]; in the biological matter such as viruses [4]; and other environmental Accepted: 28 April 2021 micelles [3]; in the biological matter such as viruses [4]; and other environmental sources sources such as ash, sand, and dust [5]. Due to their smaller sizes, NPs can pass through Published: 6 May 2021 such as ash, sand, and dust [5]. Due to their smaller sizes, NPs can pass through the the biologicalbiological membranes membranes and and interact interact actively actively with with cell cell organelles organelles and and cellular cellular structures structures such such as proteins, DNA, and RNA [1], and hence, they can be used as delivery vehicles for Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral as proteins, DNA, and RNA [1], and hence, they can be used as delivery vehicles for drugs with regard to jurisdictional claimsdrugs in toto improve improve their their circulation circulation time time and and bioavailability bioavailability [6]. [6]. published maps and institutional affil-Cancer Canceris one of is the one major of the causes major of causes death of worldwide. death worldwide. Patients, Patients, when treated when treatedwith with iations. traditionaltraditional chemotherapy, chemotherapy, suffer from suffer various from variousside effects, side effects,as small as molecule small molecule drugs are drugs are non-selectivenon-selective and affect and normal affect normalcells or cellstissues or tissuesalong with along cancerous with cancerous cells [7]. cells Within [7]. Within cancerouscancerous cells, the cells, small the size small of NPs size ofcan NPs enhance can enhance the concentration the concentration of the drugs of the inside drugs inside the tumorthe by tumor preferential by preferential accumu accumulationlation due to the due large to the pore large size pore of neo-vasculatures size of neo-vasculatures and and Copyright: © 2021 by the authors.defectivedefective lymphatic lymphatic system, system,which is which defined is definedas an enhanced as an enhanced penetration penetration and retention and retention Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.effect [8].effect [8]. This article is an open access article DifferentDifferent types typesof NPs of NPsthat thatare arefrequently frequently used used in in medicine includeinclude metallic metallic nanopar- distributed under the termsnanoparticles, and ticles, dendrimers,dendrimers, liposomes,liposomes, carbon nanotubes, and nanocrystals [9]. [9]. Among Among these, conditions of the Creative Commonsthese, magneticmagnetic iron iron oxide oxide NPs, NPs, particularly particularly maghemite (ɤ-Fe2OO33)) and and magnetite magnetite (Fe 3OO44)) with a Attribution (CC BY) license (https://with a size ofof lessless than than 20 20 nm, nm, exhibit exhibit superparamagnetic superparamagnetic behavior. behavior. These These structural structural properties creativecommons.org/licenses/by/propertiesmake make the the NPs NPs ideal ideal for severalfor several biomedical biomedical applications, applications, including including magnetic magnetic resonance 4.0/). resonance imaging (MRI) [10], magnetically guided drug delivery [11], magnetic hyperthermia [12], and biosensors [13]. On the other hand, gold NPs are the most widely used and studied due to their easy preparation, high stability, well-established surface functionalization chemistry, and Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051227 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nanomaterials unique optical properties. Furthermore, gold NPs exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance providing efficient absorption and scattering of light at specific wavelengths. These wavelengths can be tuned according to their shapes and sizes. This property makes gold NPs an ideal choice as calorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and labels for imaging or photothermal agents for cancer Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 1227 2 of 23 imaging (MRI) [10], magnetically guided drug delivery [11], magnetic hyperthermia [12], and biosensors [13]. On the other hand, gold NPs are the most widely used and studied due to their easy preparation, high stability, well-established surface functionalization chemistry, and unique optical properties. Furthermore, gold NPs exhibit localized surface plasmon reso- nance providing efficient absorption and scattering of light at specific wavelengths. These wavelengths can be tuned according to their shapes and sizes. This property makes gold NPs an ideal choice as calorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and labels for imaging or photothermal agents for cancer therapy. Gold NPs can be easily functionalized using thiols and amines, while iron-oxide NPs can be functionalized using catechols, silanes, diol carboxylic groups, or amines [14,15]. In the last few years, new composite nanostructures have attracted considerable atten- tion, particularly those based on bimodal metals, such as gold (Au) and iron (Fe3O4). More specifically, since Au possesses excellent properties as mentioned earlier, the construction of Au–iron oxide-based nanostructures would be extremely valuable providing complemen- tary modalities for accurate imaging or diagnosis or offer an additional therapeutic avenue for enhanced cancer treatment,
Recommended publications
  • Labeling Mesenchymal Cells with DMSA-Coated Gold

    Labeling Mesenchymal Cells with DMSA-Coated Gold

    Silva et al. J Nanobiotechnol (2016) 14:59 DOI 10.1186/s12951-016-0213-x Journal of Nanobiotechnology RESEARCH Open Access Labeling mesenchymal cells with DMSA‑coated gold and iron oxide nanoparticles: assessment of biocompatibility and potential applications Luisa H. A. Silva1, Jaqueline R. da Silva1, Guilherme A. Ferreira2, Renata C. Silva3, Emilia C. D. Lima2, Ricardo B. Azevedo1 and Daniela M. Oliveira1* Abstract Background: Nanoparticles’ unique features have been highly explored in cellular therapies. However, nanoparti- cles can be cytotoxic. The cytotoxicity can be overcome by coating the nanoparticles with an appropriated surface modification. Nanoparticle coating influences biocompatibility between nanoparticles and cells and may affect some cell properties. Here, we evaluated the biocompatibility of gold and maghemite nanoparticles functionalized with 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), Au-DMSA and γ-Fe2O3-DMSA respectively, with human mesenchymal stem cells. Also, we tested these nanoparticles as tracers for mesenchymal stem cells in vivo tracking by computed tomography and as agents for mesenchymal stem cells magnetic targeting. Results: Significant cell death was not observed in MTT, Trypan Blue and light microscopy analyses. However, ultra- structural alterations as swollen and degenerated mitochondria, high amounts of myelin figures and structures similar to apoptotic bodies were detected in some mesenchymal stem cells. Au-DMSA and γ-Fe2O3-DMSA labeling did not affect mesenchymal stem cells adipogenesis and osteogenesis differentiation, proliferation rates or lymphocyte suppression capability. The uptake measurements indicated that both inorganic nanoparticles were well uptaken by mesenchymal stem cells. However, Au-DMSA could not be detected in microtomograph after being incorporated by mesenchymal stem cells.
  • Synthesis and Environmental Chemistry of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

    Synthesis and Environmental Chemistry of Silver and Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

    SYNTHESIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY OF SILVER AND IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES By SUSAN ALISON CUMBERLAND A thesis submitted to The University of Birmingham For the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY School of Earth and Environmental Sciences College of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Birmingham March 2010 University of Birmingham Research Archive e-theses repository This unpublished thesis/dissertation is copyright of the author and/or third parties. The intellectual property rights of the author or third parties in respect of this work are as defined by The Copyright Designs and Patents Act 1988 or as modified by any successor legislation. Any use made of information contained in this thesis/dissertation must be in accordance with that legislation and must be properly acknowledged. Further distribution or reproduction in any format is prohibited without the permission of the copyright holder. Abstract Engineered nanoparticles are defined as having a dimension that is between one and one hundred nanometres. With toxicology studies reporting various degrees of toxicity the need to investigate nanoparticle fate and behaviour is vital. Monodispersed engineered nanoparticles were synthesised in-house to produce suitable materials to examine such processes. Iron oxide nanoparticles (5 nm) and citrate coated silver nanoparticles (20 nm) were subjected to different conditions of pH, ionic strength and different types of commercially available natural organic matter. Changes in particle size and aggregation were examined using a multi-method approach. Results showed that the natural organic matter was able to adsorb onto nanoparticle surfaces and improve their stability when subjected to changes in pH and ionic strength, where they would normally aggregate.
  • United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky Et Al

    United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky Et Al

    United States Patent (19) 11) 4,406,802 Horodysky et al. 45) Sep. 27, 1983 (54) FRICTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND 56) References Cited COMPOSITIONS THEREOF U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 3,009,791 ll/1961 Emrick ............................... 44/76 X (75) Inventors: Andrew G. Horodysky, Cherry Hill; 3,303,208 2/1967 Liao .................................... 44/76 X Joan M. Kaminski, Clementon, both 3,445,498 5/1969 Cyba. 252/49.6 X of N.J. 3,505,226 4/1970 Cyba. ... .252/49.6 3,533,945 10/1970 Vogel ..... ... 252/49.6 3,544,614 12/1970 Schwartz 252/49.6 X 73 Assignee: Mobil Oil Corporation, New York, 3,560,386 2/1971 Cyba. .................................. 252/49.6 N.Y. 4,022,713 5/1977 Waldstein ....................... 252/389 R Primary Examiner-W. J. Shine Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Alexander J. McKillop; (21) Appl. No.: 259,219 Michael G. Gilman; Howard M. Flournoy (57) ABSTRACT Filed: Apr. 30, 1981 (22) Mixed borated alcohol-amines, alcohol-amides, alcohol ethoxylated amines, alcohol-ethoxylated amides, al (51) Int. Cl. ........................ C10M 1/20; C10M 1/32; cohol-hydroxyester, alcohol-imidazolines and alcohol ClOM 1/54 hydrolyzed imidazolines and mixtures thereof are effec (52) U.S. C. ....................................... 252/49.6; 44/76; tive multifunctional additives when incorporated into 252/389 R; 252/400 R various organic media. 58 Field of Search .............. 252/49.6, 389 R, 400 R; 44/76; 568/1 12 Claims, No Drawings 4,406,802 FRCTION REDUCING ADDITIVES AND ROH COMPOSITIONS THEREOF where R may contain any desirable number of carbon BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 atoms based on such factors as oil solubility; however, R usually will contain from about 10 to about 30 carbon 1.
  • Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging

    Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging

    University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Departmental Papers (BE) Department of Bioengineering 1-1-2006 Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging Daniel L. J Thorek University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Antony K. Chen University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Julie Czupryna University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Andrew Tsourkas University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers Part of the Molecular, Cellular, and Tissue Engineering Commons Recommended Citation Thorek, D. L., Chen, A. K., Czupryna, J., & Tsourkas, A. (2006). Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers/77 Postprint version. Published in Annals of Biomedical Engineering, Volume 34, Issue 1, January 2006, pages 23-38. Publisher URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-005-9002-7 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/be_papers/77 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Probes for Molecular Imaging Abstract The field of molecular imaging has ecentlyr seen rapid advances in the development of novel contrast agents and the implementation of insightful approaches to monitor biological processes non-invasively. In particular, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have demonstrated their utility as an important tool for enhancing magnetic resonance contrast, allowing
  • Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids

    Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids

    polymers Review Chemo-Electrical Gas Sensors Based on Conducting Polymer Hybrids Seon Joo Park 1, Chul Soon Park 1,2 and Hyeonseok Yoon 2,3,* 1 Hazards Monitoring Bionano Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, 34141 Daejeon, Korea; [email protected] (S.J.P.); [email protected] (C.S.P.) 2 Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea 3 School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, 61186 Gwangju, Korea * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-62-530-1778 Academic Editor: Po-Chih Yang Received: 10 March 2017; Accepted: 24 April 2017; Published: 26 April 2017 Abstract: Conducting polymer (CP) hybrids, which combine CPs with heterogeneous species, have shown strong potential as electrical transducers in chemosensors. The charge transport properties of CPs are based on chemical redox reactions and provide various chemo-electrical signal transduction mechanisms. Combining CPs with other functional materials has provided opportunities to tailor their major morphological and physicochemical properties, often resulting in enhanced sensing performance. The hybrids can provide an enlarged effective surface area for enhanced interaction and chemical specificity to target analytes via a new signal transduction mechanism. Here, we review a selection of important CPs, including polyaniline, polypyrrole, polythiophene and their derivatives, to fabricate versatile organic and inorganic hybrid materials and their chemo-electrical sensing performance. We focus on what benefits can be achieved through material hybridization in the sensing application. Moreover, state-of-the-art trends in technologies of CP hybrid sensors are discussed, as are limitations and challenges.
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/73h6h1z6 Author Siordia, Andrew F. Publication Date 2016 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements of the degree Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering by Andrew Francisco Siordia 2016 ABSTRACT OF THESIS Electrochemical Performance of Titanium Disulfide and Molybdenum Disulfide Nanoplatelets by Andrew Francisco Siordia Master of Science in Materials Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles, 2016 Professor Bruce S. Dunn, Chair Single layer crystalline materials, often termed two-dimension (2D) materials, have quickly become a popular topic of research interest due to their extraordinary properties. The intrinsic electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of graphene were found to be remarkably distinct from graphite, its bulk counterpart. In conjunction with newfound processing techniques, there is renewed interest in elucidating the structure-property relationships of other 2D materials ii like the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The energy storage capability of 2D nanoplatelets of TiS2 and MoS2 are studied here providing a contrast with investigations of corresponding bulk materials in the early 1970s. TiS2 was synthesized into nanoplatelets using a hot injection route which provided a capacity of ~143mAhg-1 from thin film electrodes as determined by cyclic voltammetry measurements. Phase identification using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to complement the electrochemical performance and impurity identification is presented.
  • Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on Friction Modifiers for Lubricant Applications

    Quartz Crystal Microbalance Studies on Friction Modifiers for Lubricant Applications

    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2015 QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDIES ON FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS Carey Lehner Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the Chemistry Commons © The Author Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4034 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © Carey Lehner 2015 All Rights Reserved QUARTZ CRYSTAL MICROBALANCE STUDIES ON FRICTION MODIFIERS FOR LUBRICANT APPLICATIONS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. by CAREY REBECCA GARBER LEHNER Chemistry and Anthropology, University of Mary Washington, VIRGINIA, 2005 Director: Julio C Alvarez PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia December 2015 Table of Contents Page List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... vii List of Abbreviations..............................................................................................................
  • Synthesis of Monodisperse Aluminum Ferrite Nanocrystals

    Synthesis of Monodisperse Aluminum Ferrite Nanocrystals

    ABSTRACT Synthesis and design of nanocrystalline metal oxides for applications in carbon nanotube growth and antioxidants by Seung Soo Lee Synthesis of size tunable nanomaterials creates distinct chemo-physical properties. Recently, the popularity of magnetic iron oxide and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanocrystals enables researchers to use magnetic iron oxides (magnetite and ferrites) in size dependent magnetic separation and CeO2 as an automobile exhaust gas catalyst. This research shows production of diameter-controlled monodisperse magnetic iron oxide (ranging from 3 to 40 nm in diameter) and CeO2 (from 3 to 10 nm in diameter) nanocrystals with exceptional narrow diameter distribution (σ<10%). The morphology and composition of the nanocrystals were varied by use of diverse metal precursors, reaction temperature, time, cosurfactants, and molar ratio between metal salt and surfactant. Now the narrow diameter distributions of preformed magnetic iron oxide nanocrystals made it possible to grow diameter controlled uniform CNTs. The correlation between aluminum ferrite nanocrystal diameter and CNT diameter was nearly one. Additionally, we could synthesize the highest percentage (60%) of single walled CNTs from the smallest aluminum ferrite nanocrystals (4.0 nm). Because of the synthesis of uniform nanocrystalline CeO2, we could study diameter dependent antioxidant properties of nanocrystalline CeO2; antioxidant capacity of CeO2 was nine times higher than a known commercial standard antioxidant, Trolox. In addition, the smallest CeO2 nanocrystal (4 nm) decreased the oxidative stress of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) exposed to hydrogen peroxide. These works suggest better understanding of monodisperse nanocrystal synthetic mechanism and potential uses of the materials, such as high quality CNT growth using magnetic iron oxides as precursor catalysts and the reduction of oxidative stress in cells using monodisperse CeO2 nanocrystal as an antioxidant for reactive oxygen species in biological media.
  • THE OPTIMIZATION of GOLD COATED IRON NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS METHODS by Mark Riggs, B.S., B.S. a Thesis Submitted to the Gradua

    THE OPTIMIZATION of GOLD COATED IRON NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS METHODS by Mark Riggs, B.S., B.S. a Thesis Submitted to the Gradua

    THE OPTIMIZATION OF GOLD COATED IRON NANOPARTICLE SYNTHESIS METHODS by Mark Riggs, B.S., B.S. A thesis submitted to the Graduate Council of Texas State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science with a Major in Chemistry August 2014 Committee Members: Gary Beall Shannon Weigum Clois Powell COPYRIGHT by Mark Riggs 2014 FAIR USE AND AUTHOR’S PERMISSION STATEMENT Fair Use This work is protected by the Copyright Laws of the United States (Public Law 94-553, section 107). Consistent with fair use as defined in the Copyright Laws, brief quotations from this material are allowed with proper acknowledgment. Use of this material for financial gain without the author’s express written permission is not allowed. Duplication Permission As the copyright holder of this work I, Mark Riggs, authorize duplication of this work, in whole or in part, for educational or scholarly purposes only. DEDICATION I dedicate this to my wife, Melissa. Her constant support and encouragement were nothing short of heroic. Careful and delicate allocation of my focus became ever- increasing in importance throughout the progression of this research, primarily due to the birth of my beautiful daughter, Olivia Marie, on February 4th of 2014. My daughter’s arrival impacted my perception in ways I couldn’t have fully understood prior to that wonderful moment. I will be forever indebted to Melissa for showing me how blessed I am, enabling me to live a better life than I could have conceived, and providing never- ending assistance with caring for our daughter.
  • On the Colloidal Stability of Apolar Nanoparticles: the Role of Ligand Length

    On the Colloidal Stability of Apolar Nanoparticles: the Role of Ligand Length

    On the colloidal stability of apolar nanoparticles: The role of ligand length a a Debora Monego,† Thomas Kister ,‡ Nicholas Kirkwood,¶ Paul Mulvaney,¶ , Asaph Widmer-Cooper,† and Tobias Kraus∗ § ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry and The University of † Sydney Nano Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia INM — Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken,Germany ‡ ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, University of ¶ Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia INM — Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken,Germany § Colloid and interface chemistry, Saarland University, Campus D2 2, 66123 Saarbr¨ucken, Germany E-mail: [email protected] aThese authors contributed equally. arXiv:1902.07413v1 [cond-mat.soft] 20 Feb 2019 1 Abstract Inorganic nanoparticle cores are often coated with organic ligands to render them dispersible in apolar solvents. However, the effect of the ligand shell on the colloidal stability of the overall hybrid particle is not fully understood. In particular, it is not known how the length of an apolar alkyl ligand chain affects the stability of a nanoparticle dispersion against agglomeration.Here, Small-Angle X-ray Scattering and molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the interactions between gold nanoparticles and between cadmium selenide nanoparticles passivated by alkanethiol ligands with 12 to 18 carbons in the solvent decane. We find that increasing the ligand length increases colloidal stability in the core-dominated regime but decreases it in the ligand-dominated regime. This unexpected inversion is connected to the transition from ligand- to core-dominated agglomeration when the core diameter increases at constant ligand length.
  • Pectin Coated Iron Oxide Nanocomposite - a Vehicle for Controlled Release of Curcumin Mausumi Ganguly and Deepika Pramanik

    Pectin Coated Iron Oxide Nanocomposite - a Vehicle for Controlled Release of Curcumin Mausumi Ganguly and Deepika Pramanik

    INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING Volume 11, 2017 Pectin coated iron oxide nanocomposite - a vehicle for controlled release of curcumin Mausumi Ganguly and Deepika Pramanik delivery of toxic therapeutic drugs and protection of non target tissues and cells from severe side effects. Treatment with nano Abstract--We report a nanocomposite system capable of efficient particle system increases bio-availability, reduces drug loading and drug release. The water-soluble iron oxide administration frequency and promotes drug targeting. nanoparticles (IONPs) with particle sizes up to 27 nm were obtained via co-precipitation method. These nanoparticles were coated with Maghemite (-Fe2O3) and magnetite (Fe3O4) are the two pectin to avoid their chances of agglomeration and also to increase most widely used iron oxide nanoparticles with diverse the biocompatibility. The nanocomposites obtained were applications. Bare magnetite nanoparticles on account of their characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier large surface area /volume ratio tend to agglomerate. To transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron prevent agglomeration, a variety of polymeric coatings have microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and zeta- been applied to nanoparticles. Among the polymeric capping potential measurements. The nanocomposite was used to load curcumin, an anticancer compound. The drug loading efficiency of agents, biopolymers are of special interest due to their the nanocomposite preparation was evaluated. The drug release from biocompatibility and biodegradability. Coating is essential the nanocomposite matrix was studied at four different pH values. because it reduces aggregation of nanoparticles thereby The results indicated that the release of drug was not significant in improving their dispersibility, colloidal stability and protects acidic pH but occurred at a uniform and desired rate in alkaline pH.
  • Article Type

    Article Type

    Article Title: The potential anti-infective applications of metal oxide nanoparticles: A systematic review Article Type: Authors: [List each person’s full name, ORCID iD, affiliation, email address, and any conflicts of interest. Copy rows as necessary for additional authors. Please use an asterisk (*) to indicate the corresponding author.] First author Yasmin Abo-zeid* https://orchid.org/000-0002-1651-7421, School of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK [email protected] No conflict of interest Second author Gareth R. Williams* https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3066-2860 UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK [email protected] No conflict of interest ABSTRACT Microbial infections present a major global healthcare challenge, in large part because of the development of microbial resistance to the currently approved antimicrobial agents. This demands the development of new antimicrobial agents. Metal oxide nanoparticles (MONPs) are a class of materials that have been widely explored for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. They are reported to have wide-ranging antimicrobial activities and to be potent against bacteria, viruses, and protozoans. The use of MONPs reduces the 1 possibility of resistance developing because they have multiple mechanisms of action (including via reactive oxygen species generation), simultaneously attacking many sites in the micro-organism. However, despite this there are to date no clinically approved MONPs for antimicrobial therapy. This review explores the recent literature in this area, discusses the mechansims of MONP action against micro-organisms, and considers the barriers faced to the use of MONPs in humans.