DOCSLIB.ORG

Replicating/Reintroducing Historical Tribal Ignition Patterns: Riving The

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Replicating/Reintroducing Historical Tribal Ignition Patterns: Riving The Replicating/ReintroducingReplicating/Reintroducing historicalhistorical tribaltribal ignitionignition patterns:patterns: RivingRiving thethe culturalcultural firefire regime.regime.  FrankFrank KanawhaKanawha LakeLake  USDAUSDA ForestForest ServiceService-- PSW,PSW, RWURWU--4155,4155, Orleans/Redding,Orleans/Redding, Ca.Ca.  TraditionalTraditional EcologicalEcological KnowledgeKnowledge andand EthnobiologyEthnobiology Photo: Somes Fire, Orleans Complex August 2006. Working with tribal heritage resource advisors. Klamath Fire Symposium April 26, 2008. Objectives:Objectives:  1. Describe Indian burning practices.  2. Define Tishunick-Various ways to burn willows Camp Creek Indigenous/Cultural fire regimes  3. Review documented reasons for Indian burning practices. ObjectivesObjectives con’t.:con’t.:  4. Describe some effects of Indian burning practices on the composition, structure, function and productivity of plant communities and fuels associated with different habitats.  5. Identify potential ways in which valued tribal ignition patterns can be incorporated with fuels reduction projects, prescribed burning, wildland fire use, appropriate management response, or fire suppression. EcosystemEcosystem Change:Change: What’sWhat’s NaturalNatural ??  WhatWhat wouldwould havehave biodiversitybiodiversity inin KlamathKlamath-- SiskiyouSiskiyou forests,forests, shrubshrub andand grasslandsgrasslands beenbeen likelike inin thethe absenceabsence ofof tribaltribal ignitions?ignitions? – Anderson and Lewis 2002 Climate affected vegetation and tribal cultures in several phases See my dissertation for sub-region cultural phases LandscapeLandscape levelslevels ofof biodiversity:biodiversity: ExtentExtent andand InfluenceInfluence ofof tribaltribal ignitions?ignitions? What are some of the challenges of working across ecological scales to achieve social or cultural objectives? Anderson 1999 IndianIndian BurningBurning Practices:Practices: ThoseThose enduringenduring usesuses ofof firefire byby IndiansIndians inin prepre andand postpost EuropeanEuropean settlementsettlement thatthat resultedresulted inin changedchanged oror stabilizedstabilized landscape-scalelandscape-scale vegetationvegetation patternspatterns ÂÂFirewood,Firewood, PatchPatch andand BroadcastBroadcast burning:burning: IndianIndian BurningBurning Practices:Practices: ÂÂFirewood:Firewood: InvolvesInvolves thethe movementmovement ofof fuelsfuels toto specificspecific locationslocations beforebefore burning,burning, resultingresulting inin areasareas thatthat containcontain relativelyrelatively littlelittle (or(or stockpiled)stockpiled) largelarge woodywoody debrisdebris andand designateddesignated spotsspots ofof intenseintense repeatedrepeated andand prolongedprolonged heat.heat. Hupa wood packer: Erickson 1890s. Hoopa Valley Kepel Yurok Village area up- IndianIndian BurningBurning slope. Kroeber circa 1910-1920 Practices:Practices: ÂÂPatch:Patch: AA specificspecific applicationapplication ofof firefire toto fuelsfuels withinwithin aa boundedbounded areaarea forfor foodfood maintenance,maintenance, utility,utility, oror traveltravel IndianIndian BurningBurning Practices:Practices:  Broadcast:Broadcast: The practice of setting fire to the landscape for multiple purposes and with general boundaries Baldhills: Chilula/Yurok boundary trail. Goddard 1906 Indigenous/CulturalIndigenous/Cultural FireFire RegimesRegimes ÂAlternate seasons of burning for different kinds of settings. ÂFrequencies w/ which fire are set and reset over varying periods of time. ÂCorresponding intensities w/ which fuels can be burned Indigenous/CulturalIndigenous/Cultural FireFire RegimesRegimes  Specific selection of sites fired and those that are not.  A range of natural and artificial controls that humans employ in limiting the spread of fire: time of day, winds, fuels, slope, relative humidity, and natural/human fire breaks – Lewis 1982  Ignition patterns to promote desired fire behavior and associated intensities. Processes Seasonality Functions Ignition Frequency Fire Induced Ecological Goods and Services: Food, Water, Materials Topography Intensity- /Fuels Severity Specificity/ Extent DocumentedDocumented ReasonsReasons ForFor IndianIndian FireFire UseUse FireFire 2121-Management-Management TodayToday Vol.Vol. 6060 No.No. 33 SummerSummer 20002000 PagePage 1111 GeraldGerald W.W. WilliamsWilliams USFS/WOUSFS/WO (Modified(Modified fromfrom H.H. LeLewis)wis) andand BonnicksenBonnicksen 2000,2000, ChapterChapter SevenSeven-Fire-Fire MastersMasters ÂÂHuntingHunting ÂÂTreeTree Felling/FuelFelling/Fuel WoodWood ÂÂCropCrop ManagementManagement ÂÂClearingClearing AreasAreas ForFor TravelTravel ÂÂPestPest ManagementManagement ÂÂClearingClearing RiparianRiparian AreasAreas ÂÂRangeRange ManagementManagement ÂÂBasketBasket MaterialsMaterials ÂÂFireproofingFireproofing What are some other reasons you have learned of for your area? Which of those are valued today by the tribal community to be implemented?  ToTo forceforce preyprey intointo smallsmall unburnedunburned and/orand/or formerlyformerly burntburnt areasareas forfor easiereasier huntinghunting  ToTo drivedrive gamegame overover cliffscliffs oror intointo impoundments,impoundments, narrownarrow chutes,chutes, andand riversrivers oror lakeslakes HuntingHunting Sketch: Walker 1870, Sacramento valley in Heizer and Elasser 1980. CropCrop ManagementManagement  To harvest or enhance crops: Tarweed/sunflower types Greens/tender herb-shoots Seeds, nuts or grains  To improve yields of root crops and berries – Photo: Edward Curtis Gathering Seeds- Coast Pomo CropCrop ManagementManagement  To prevent grasslands from growing over by non-desired vegetation.  To clear areas for planting tobacco and grass seeds.  To facilitate the gathering of fruits/nuts by clearing the ground of vegetation and duff/litter under crop trees or shrubs.  BurningBurning waswas usedused toto Pest Management reducereduce pestpest populations:populations: Pest Management Rodents Poisonous snakes Insects (ticks, seed/nut weevils, baskets plant parasites, forest beetle infestations, etc).  ToTo killkill oror decrease:decrease: mistletoe tree lichens/mosses invasive species Insect larva in Cal. Hazel nut. RangeRange ManagementManagement  FireFire waswas usedused toto keepkeep prairiesprairies andand meadowsmeadows openopen fromfrom encroachingencroaching shrubsshrubs andand treestrees andand toto improveimprove browsebrowse forfor deer,deer, elk,elk, antelope,antelope, horses,horses, andand waterfowl.waterfowl.  IncreaseIncrease thethe qualityquality ofof vegetationvegetation structure,structure, forage,forage, palatability,palatability, andand nutrition.nutrition. FireFire ProofingProofing ÂÂIndiansIndians usedused frequentfrequent lowlow intensityintensity firesfires toto alteralter thethe structurestructure ofof differentdifferent forests/plantforests/plant communitiescommunities ÂÂSomeSome IndiansIndians usedused firefire toto clearclear vegetationvegetation fromfrom areasareas aroundaround settlementssettlements andand nearnear specialspecial medicinalmedicinal plantsplants toto protectprotect themthem fromfrom wildfires.wildfires. ÂÂToTo reducereduce thethe buildupbuildup ofof fuelsfuels forfor decreasingdecreasing catastrophiccatastrophic wildlandwildland fires.fires. TreeTree Felling/FuelFelling/Fuel WoodWood ÂÂIndiansIndians usedused firefire inin differentdifferent waysways toto fellfell trees.trees. ÂÂAfterAfter firefire sweptswept throughthrough chaparralchaparral oror woodlandwoodland areas,areas, branchesbranches oror stemsstems werewere brokenbroken offoff forfor firewood.firewood. ManzanitaManzanita OaksOaks OtherOther treetree andand shrubshrub speciesspecies (photo: Beckham 1996) ClearingClearing AreasAreas ForFor TravelTravel  Indians used fire to clear overgrown trails for travel.  Ignition locations and fuel breaks were located along trails. Traversable ridge systems, historical Karuk villages, and 1909 to 2005 Ignition point data: Lake and Werren. SRNF:SRNF: Interview-209,Interview-209, KarukKaruk man,man, ageage n/a:n/a: AprilApril 6,6, 1978:1978:  Ferris Trail: The main tail along the north side of Chimmikanee Ridge…went up the side of the ridge east to Deer Lick Saddle. This trail was used to get there, and it was also used to drive stock [cattle] along to the pastures on the south side of Chimmikanee Ridge. This originally was open grassland, which was maintained by Indian burning. Over hundreds and thousands of years the burning had created open grasslands for deer and elk forage. When the whites came it was used as pasturage at certain times of the year. Now it has grown over with oaks, madrone, and conifers. South side of many ridges in this area were so used. ClearingClearing AreasAreas ForFor TravelTravel ÂBurning in forests and brushlands improved visibility for hunting, reduced attacks by predators and enemies, and assisted in warfare. ÂTrails were very significant for trade and resource management. Ignition locations-Application for contemporary fire use ClearingClearing RiparianRiparian AreasAreas ÂÂToTo clearclear brushbrush andand otherother debrisdebris fromfrom riparianriparian areasareas andand marshesmarshes ÂÂToTo stimulatestimulate newnew grass,grass, plantplant growth,growth, shrubshrub andand treetree sprouts.sprouts. Cottonwoods Willows Wild grape thickets Tules and Cattails Sedges and grasses BasketBasket MaterialsMaterials ÂÂMostMost ofof thethe plantplant materialsmaterials usedused inin basketrybasketry requiredrequired
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families Susie Van Kirk
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Susie Van Kirk Papers Special Collections 1-2013 Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families Susie Van Kirk Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk Part of the Genomics Commons Recommended Citation Van Kirk, Susie, "Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families" (2013). Susie Van Kirk Papers. 8. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Susie Van Kirk Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Susie Van Kirk Historic Resources Consultant P.O Box 568 Bayside, CA 95524 [email protected] 707-822-6066 January 2013 BROCK, LOWRY, LEON, BAILEY, WOODWARD, MAPLE, BRETT, CRIPE AND COOPER FAMILIES Addendum, Feb. 2013 FE (16 Feb. 1894) Erick Thorsen and Yarnell Cooper have been brought from Orleans to Eureka charged with grand larceny in having killed a beef belonging to C.S. Hoffman and used it for food. FE (9 March 1894) Yarnell Cooper has been held to answer to charge of grand larceny [Thorsen released] FE (3 May 1895) Mrs. Thos. Brett, aged 21 years, died at Hoopa a few days since, of consumption. 1880 U.S. Census, Humboldt county, Redwood; Willow Creek precinct [Indian residents] 8. Jim, Capt., 40, Calif. 9. Mary, 30, wife 10. George, 12, son 11. Mary, 30 sister 12.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right Thing to Do: Returning Land to the Wiyot Tribe
    THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE by Karen Elizabeth Nelson A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts In Sociology May, 2008 THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE by Karen Elizabeth Nelson Approved by the Master’s Thesis Committee: Jennifer Eichstedt, Committee Chair Date Elizabeth Watson, Committee Member Date Judith Little, Committee Member Date Jennifer Eichstedt, Graduate Coordinator Date Chris Hopper, Interim Dean for Research and Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE Karen Elizabeth Nelson In 2004, the Eureka City Council legally returned forty acres of Indian Island to the Wiyot tribe. This return occurred one hundred and forty four years after the Indian Island massacre. This research explores the returning of sacred tribal land in the context of collective apologies and reconciliations after generations of Native genocide. The significance of this case study includes a detailed narration of how the land transfer occurred and more importantly why it was labeled “the right thing to do” by Eureka City Council members and staff. This case study was examined with a grounded theory methodology. Using no hypotheses, the research and the research methodology unfolded in a non-linear process, letting the research speak for itself. Detailed interviews and a review of documents were used to qualify and quantify this unique community based social act. The results of this case study include how and why the Eureka City Council returned forty acres of Indian Island to the Wiyot people.
    [Show full text]
  • County Profile
    FY 2020-21 PROPOSED BUDGET SECTION B:PROFILE GOVERNANCE Assessor County Counsel Auditor-Controller Human Resources Board of Supervisors Measure Z Clerk-Recorder Other Funds County Admin. Office Treasurer-Tax Collector Population County Comparison Education Infrastructure Employment DEMOGRAPHICS Geography Located on the far North Coast of California, 200 miles north of San Francisco and about 50 miles south of the southern Oregon border, Humboldt County is situated along the Pacific coast in Northern California’s rugged Coastal (Mountain) Ranges, bordered on the north SCENERY by Del Norte County, on the east by Siskiyou and Trinity counties, on the south by Mendocino County and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The climate is ideal for growth The county encompasses 2.3 million acres, 80 percent of which is of the world’s tallest tree - the forestlands, protected redwoods and recreational areas. A densely coastal redwood. Though these forested, mountainous, rural county with about 110 miles of coastline, trees are found from southern more than any other county in the state, Humboldt contains over forty Oregon to the Big Sur area of percent of all remaining old growth Coast Redwood forests, the vast California, Humboldt County majority of which is protected or strictly conserved within dozens of contains the most impressive national, state, and local forests and parks, totaling approximately collection of Sequoia 680,000 acres (over 1,000 square miles). Humboldt’s highest point is sempervirens. The county is Salmon Mountain at 6,962 feet. Its lowest point is located in Samoa at home to Redwood National 20 feet. Humboldt Bay, California’s second largest natural bay, is the and State Parks, Humboldt only deep water port between San Francisco and Coos Bay, Oregon, Redwoods State Park (The and is located on the coast at the midpoint of the county.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2008
    Wiyo t Tribe 1000 W iyot Dr. Loleta, CA 95551 Phone: 707-733-5055 Fax: 707- 733-5601 Email: wiyot@ wiyo t.us Wiyot News Volume 11, 08 NovemberApril 2008 2008 Edited by Linda C . Woodin Wiyot Tribe 1000 Wiyot Drive, Loleta CA 95551 (707) 733-5055 www.wiyot.us served in Afghanistan and Iraq. Inside this issue: Vote We don’t want to honor them as a group, but as individuals. For each Of Interest 2 Vote who put his or her life on the line, it was a very personal experience. For Cultural From the Ground Up 4 Vote those recovering from the effects of Language 6 war, it is very much an individual ex- November 4th, 2008 Environment Around Us 8 perience. News and Notes from Social 11 Our veterans today are the every- Services Once again it’s time for the Ameri- day men and women. We know them Boys & Girls Club Calendar 13 can people to have their voice heard in as friends, neighbors, relatives, and co- the Presidential Election of 2008. En- workers. They have Tribal Calendar courage people you come into contact persevered and 15 with to register to vote, talk about the strengthened our country with their issues and become informed. sacrifices and con- The issues before us are many: the tributions many of which were beyond war in Iraq, Social Security monies, duty’s call. Veterans are our finest citi- health care for the millions of people zens. As we honor them, we also who have none, energy and the think about their successors, those never ending search for oil, the wild who are fighting to defend our free- government spending, and how to deal dom at home and abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • YUROK TRIBE 190 Klamath Boulevard • Post Office Box 1027 • Klamath, CA 95548
    YUROK TRIBE 190 Klamath Boulevard • Post Office Box 1027 • Klamath, CA 95548 Yurok Tribe Written Testimony Regarding H.R. 5548, Fishery Failures: Urgently Needed Disaster Declarations Act January 14th, 2020 INTRODUCTION The Yurok Tribe is a federally recognized Indian tribe whose reservation is located on the Lower Klamath River in Northern California, spanning from the river’s mouth at the Pacific Ocean upriver to the Yurok village of Weitchpec. With more than 6,300 tribal members, the Yurok Tribe is the largest Indian tribe in California. The fishery resources of the Klamath and Pacific Ocean are the mainstay of the life, economy, and culture of the Yurok Tribe. See Mattz v. Arnett, 412 U.S. 481, 486-87 (1973). The Klamath River Indian fishery is “not much less necessary to the existence of the [Yurok] Indians than the atmosphere they breathed.” Blake v. Arnett, 663 F.2d 906, 909 (9th Cir. 1981). A pillar of the Tribe’s legal rights is its federally reserved fishing right which was reserved in the creation of the Yurok Reservation. The Tribe enjoys commercial, subsistence, and ceremonial fishing rights on the lower 45 miles of the Klamath River which it exercises each year under strict regulation by the Yurok Tribal Government. See, Baley v United States, No. 18- 1323 (Fed. Cir. Nov. 14, 2019) (confirming Yurok fishing rights for commercial, subsistence, and ceremonial purposes). In this way, the Tribe maintains its fishing way of life. Tribal members are able to fish commercially to provide financial stability to their families, 1 ceremonially to support ancient practices necessary to maintain Yurok world balance, and for subsistence purposes to continue a fishing way of life.
    [Show full text]
  • California's North Coast Fishing Communities Historical
    California’s North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends Caroline Pomeroy, Cynthia J. Thomson, Melissa M. Stevens Published by California Sea Grant College Program Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive #0231 La Jolla CA 92093-0231 (858) 534-4446 www.csgc.ucsd.edu Publication No. T-072 This document was supported in part by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and produced under NOAA grant number NA10OAR4170060, project number C/P-1 through the California Sea Grant College Program. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Sea Grant is a unique partnership of public and private sectors, combining research, education, and outreach for public service. It is a national network of universities meeting changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. California’s North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends Final Report to the California State Coastal Conservancy Award 06–128 August 2010 Caroline Pomeroy1, Cynthia J. Thomson2, Melissa M. Stevens1,2 1 California Sea Grant, University of California, Santa Cruz, Center for Ocean Health, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 2 NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 CONTENTS Project Summary Regional Profile Crescent City Profile Trinidad Profile Eureka Profile Fort Bragg/Noyo Harbor Profile Appendix A: Acronyms Appendix B: Glossary Appendix C: Methodological Detail Appendix D: Project Team Biographies Project Summary ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the support and input provided by North Coast fishing community members, including local fishermen, fish buyers, fishery-support business owners and staff, harbor managers and staff and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems of California Indian Servitude Under US Rule
    ‘‘Unholy Traffic in Human Blood and Souls’’: Systems of California Indian Servitude under U.S. Rule BENJAMIN MADLEY The author teaches in the history department and American Indian Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 1846 onward, at least 20,000 California Indians worked in varied forms of bondage under U.S. rule. This essay provides the first article-length survey of the statewide rise and fall of California’s systems of Indian servitude under U.S. rule, including their Russo-Hispanic antecedents, establishment under martial law, expansion under civilian rule, and dismantling by state and federal authorities. Further, this article proposes the first taxonomy of these systems and, in conclusion, discusses how California Indian servitude illuminates the histories of California, the western United States, the nation as a whole, and the western hemisphere while suggesting new analytical methods and research directions. Key words: American Indian labor, American Indian slavery, California Indians, California legal history, indentured servitude, unfree labor The author thanks Stephen Aron, Colin Calloway, Boyd Cothran, Robin Derby, Bruce Duthu, John Faragher, Daniel Lynch, Timothy Macholz, William Marotti, Valerie Mat- sumoto, Preston McBride, Edward Melillo, Aaron O’Connell, Carla Pestana, Jesse Philips, Arthur Rolston, Peter Stacey, Kevin Terraciano, Owen Williams, Craig Yirush, Judy Yung, Natale Zappia, and the Pacific Historical Review’s editors and anonymous reviewers. Michael Magliari provided patient and invaluable guidance. Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 4, pages 626–667. ISSN 0030-8684, eISSN 1533-8584 © 2014 by the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.
    [Show full text]
  • In Northwestern California
    LIVING WITH WILDFIRE IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA 2nd Edition Contents Fire Agencies and You . 1 Our Local Wildfire Environment . 12 One Less Spark . 15 Be Prepared: Make Your Home Fire Safe . .20 Beneficial Uses of Fire . 37 Ready, Set, Go . 41 Communities Working Together . 50 Just for Kids . 61 “When a wildfire is headed straight for our house, it’s great to know we’re ready because we’ve pulled together as a community. We’ve cleared flammable forest debris, dug firelines, and reintroduced fire here during autumn controlled burns. We feel defensible and resilient as a result.” – Malcolm Terence Salmon River resident who experienced fire close to his home in 2006, 2008, and 2013. Cover: Top photo by Konrad Fisher/Klamath Riverkeeper. Heather Rickard of the Karuk Tribe uses a drip torch during the 2016 Prescribed Fire Training Exchange . Bottom photo: Willow Creek Fire Safe Council members help Redwood Valley residents during a County of Humboldt sponsored Firewise Day . This Page: Photo by Stephen Underwood. The Canoe Fire burned over 11,000 acres of coast redwood forest in Humboldt Redwoods State Park in 2003 . LIVING WITH WILDFIRE IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA FIRE AGENCIES AND YOU Living with Wildfire in Northwestern California A Volunteer Firefighter’s Perspective The monumental 2015 fire each night when my friends were season began with brittle dry working 24-hour shifts in some vegetation and abnormally dry very rugged country. weather due to the drought. By As we listened to radio reports July, Northern California was from many fires requesting more already experiencing several large resources, I had to remind my fires and fire-fighting resources crew that we were covering a fire were becoming limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Humboldt County Public Schools Directory Humbol Public Scho
    2020-2021 2020-2021 Humboldt County Humboldt County Public Schools Directory Public Schools Directory Chris Hartley, Ed.D., Superintendent Chris Hartley, Ed.D., Superintendent TABLE OF CONTENTS Humboldt County Committee on School District Organization ......................................................................iii School Attendance Review Boards ...........................................................iii California Congress of Parents, Teachers & Students ............................ iv California Retired Teachers Association .................................................. iv Alphabetical Listing of County School Buildings and Phone Numbers.................................................................. v Charter Schools .......................................................................................vii Statistical Information .............................................................................. viii Board of Education, County ...................................................................... 1 Humboldt County Office of Education ....................................................... 1 School Districts and District Personnel ................................................... 12 Alphabetical Personnel Index .................................................................. 65 MISSIO N The mission of the Humboldt County Office of Education is to provide expanded learning opportunities for students, promote improved student achievement, and support fiscal responsibility in local school districts. Additional
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Cultural Resources
    6 Cultural Resources Cultural resources are remains and sites associated with human activities, including Native American archaeological sites (both prehistoric remains and sites occupied after European arrival), historic buildings and archaeological sites, and natural landscape elements with traditional cultural significance (including areas of economic and religious significance).1 This chapter provides background on Native American settlements in Humboldt County and summarizes both historic and prehistoric cultural resources in the county. It also includes a summary of existing General Plan policies. Because no planning issues for cultural resources were identified in Phase I, no policy options are presented; however, as part of the Phase II community workshops, suggestions for modifications of existing policies may emerge. 6.1 NATIVE AMERICAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Before European settlement, the Humboldt County area was one of the most culturally diverse regions of California, being home to nearly a dozen distinct peoples. In large part, Native American tribes occupied distinct areas conforming largely to the natural watershed basins (see Table 6-1). The majority of tribes were Athabascan speakers and hill people who built permanent homes along rivers; the Yurok and Wiyot spoke Algonquian languages and settled along both coasts and rivers; the Karok were Hokan-speaking and lived in mountainous territory. Table 6-1: Native American Tribes and Areas of Settlement in Humboldt County Population at First Tribe Linguistic Affiliation Watershed and Principal Settlements European Contact Yurok Algonquian Lower Redwood, lower Klamath 3,100 Karok Hokan Upper Klamath 2,700 Hoopa Athabascan Trinity (including Hoopa Valley) 1,000 Chilula Athabascan Middle Redwood 600 Whilkut Athabascan Upper Redwood, lower Mad 2,600 Wiyot Algonquian Humboldt Bay coast 3,200 Nongatl Athabascan Van Duzen, upper Mad No data Lassik Athabascan Eel No data Sinkyone Athabascan South Fork Eel 2,100 Mattole Athabascan Mattole 1,200 Sources: Sonia Tamez, 1978; Winzler and Kelly, 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • 33 Federally Recognized Tribes
    COUNTY TRIBAL NAME (CULTURE) 1. DEL NORTE ELK VALLEY RANCHERIA OF CALIFORNIA (ATHABASCAN, TOLOWA) 2. DEL NORTE RESIGHINI RANCHERIA (YUROK) 3. DEL NORTE SMITH RIVER RANCHERIA (TOLOWA) 4. DEL NORTE YUROK TRIBE OF THE YUROK RESERVATION (YUROK) 5. HUMBOLDT BEAR RIVER BAND OF THE ROHNERVILLE RANCHERIA (MATTOLE, WIYOT) 6. HUMBOLDT BIG LAGOON RANCHERIA (TOLOWA, YUROK) 7. HUMBOLDT BLUE LAKE RANCHERIA (TOLOWA, WIYOT, YUROK) 8. HUMBOLDT CHER-AE HEIGHTS INDIAN COMMUNITY OF THE TRINIDAD RANCHERIA (MIWOK, TOLOWA, YUROK) 9. HUMBOLDT HOOPA VALLEY TRIBAL COUNCIL (HOOPA, HUPA) 10. HUMBOLDT / SISKIYOU (SHARED COUNTY KARUK TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA BORDER) (KARUK) 11. HUMBOLDT WIYOT TRIBE (WIYOT) 12. LAKE BIG VALLEY BAND OF POMO INDIANS OF THE BIG VALLEY RANCHERIA (POMO) 13. LAKE ELEM INDIAN COLONY OF POMO INDIANS OF THE SULPHUR BANK RANCHERIA (POMO) 14. LAKE UPPER LAKE BAND OF POMO INDIANS (HABEMATOLEL) (POMO) 15. LAKE MIDDLETOWN RANCHERIA OF LAKE MIWOK/POMO INDIANS (MIWOK, POMO and MIWOK-LAKE MIWOK) 16. LAKE ROBINSON RANCHERIA TRIBE OF POMO INDIANS (POMO) 17. LAKE SCOTTS VALLEY BAND OF POMO INDIANS (POMO, WAILAKI) 18. MENDOCINO CAHTO TRIBE OF THE LAYTONVILLE RANCHERIA (CAHTO, POMO) 19. MENDOCINO COYOTE VALLEY BAND OF POMO INDIANS (POMO) 20. MENDOCINO DRY CREEK RANCHERIA OF POMO INDIANS (MAHILAKAWNA, POMO) 21. MENDOCINO GUIDIVILLE RANCHERIA OF CALIFORNIA (POMO) 22. MENDOCINO HOPLAND BAND OF POMO INDIANS OF THE HOPLAND RANCHERIA (POMO, and SHANEL, SHO-KA-WAH) 23. MENDOCINO MANCHESTER-POINT ARENA BAND OF POMO INDIANS (POMO) 24. MENDOCINO PINOLEVILLE BAND OF POMO INDIANS (POMO) 25. MENDOCINO POTTER VALLEY RANCHERIA (POMO) 26. MENDOCINO REDWOOD VALLEY LITTLE RIVER BAND OF POMO INDIANS (POMO) 27.
    [Show full text]
  • August 2008 Edited by Linda C
    Wiyo t Tribe 1000 W iyot Dr. Loleta, CA 95551 Phone: 707-733-5055 Fax: 707- 733-5601 Email: wiyot@ wiyo t.us Wiyot News Wiyot News August 2008 Edited by Linda C . Woodin Wiyot Tribe 1000 Wiyot Drive, Loleta CA 95551 (707) 733-5055 www.wiyot.us Harbor District taking Inside this issue: Applications for Committee Of Interest 2 The Humboldt Bay Harbor, Recrea- Categories, including one represen- tion and Conservation District an- tative each from the city of Ar- Cultural News from the 3 nounced this week that it has begun cata, the city of Eureka, Humboldt Ground Up recruitment for the Humboldt Bay County, Bureau of Land Manage- Management Plan Advisory Committee ment, California Department of Environment Around Us 6 and is accepting applications. Fish and Game, Humboldt Bay News and Notes from Social 9 Application forms can be obtained National Wildlife Refuge, and Wi- Services yot Tribe. from the Harbor District office at 601 Birthdays 14 Startare Drive, Woodley Island, In addition there will be stakeholder Eureka, California 95501 or by printing representatives from sport fishing, pad- them out from the District’s web site dlers, waterfowl hunters, tourism, at www.humboldtbay.org. Completed ap- commercial fishing, recreational boat- plications for the two and four year ers, water quality, commercial ship- term positions must be received by the ping, transportation, habitat restoration Harbor District by 4pm on Aug 15th. and education. As adopted by the Harbor District, the Humboldt Bay Management Plan envisioned that there would be the Cell Phone Usage creation of a committee that would Mark your work with the district’s Director of July 1st a new law went into effect; Conservation Division to prioritize the Calendar more than 100 policies adopted in the Cell phone usage by the driver in the *August 11 plan and bring policy implementation car must be hands-free and if recommendations to the commission- stopped for not observing the new law, Business Council the driver will be fined.
    [Show full text]