October 2008

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

October 2008 Wiyo t Tribe 1000 W iyot Dr. Loleta, CA 95551 Phone: 707-733-5055 Fax: 707- 733-5601 Email: wiyot@ wiyo t.us Wiyot News Volume 11, 08 NovemberApril 2008 2008 Edited by Linda C . Woodin Wiyot Tribe 1000 Wiyot Drive, Loleta CA 95551 (707) 733-5055 www.wiyot.us served in Afghanistan and Iraq. Inside this issue: Vote We don’t want to honor them as a group, but as individuals. For each Of Interest 2 Vote who put his or her life on the line, it was a very personal experience. For Cultural From the Ground Up 4 Vote those recovering from the effects of Language 6 war, it is very much an individual ex- November 4th, 2008 Environment Around Us 8 perience. News and Notes from Social 11 Our veterans today are the every- Services Once again it’s time for the Ameri- day men and women. We know them Boys & Girls Club Calendar 13 can people to have their voice heard in as friends, neighbors, relatives, and co- the Presidential Election of 2008. En- workers. They have Tribal Calendar courage people you come into contact persevered and 15 with to register to vote, talk about the strengthened our country with their issues and become informed. sacrifices and con- The issues before us are many: the tributions many of which were beyond war in Iraq, Social Security monies, duty’s call. Veterans are our finest citi- health care for the millions of people zens. As we honor them, we also who have none, energy and the think about their successors, those never ending search for oil, the wild who are fighting to defend our free- government spending, and how to deal dom at home and abroad. Mark Your Calendar with global warming Gordon Mansfield, acting secretary ***November 2 of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Daylight Savings Ends in 2007 reminded us of the solemn pledge of Abraham Lincoln made dur- **November 4th ing his second inaugural address in VOTE VOTE VOTE 1865. He set fourth our obligation to **November 10 and24 care for those injured in body and spirit in their defense of our nation Business Council and for their families. In part, Lincoln **November 11 Recognizing Individuals on said: “As God gives us to see the Veterans Day Veterans Day right, let us strive to finish the work we are in...to care for him who shall **November 22 On November 11 of 2008, we have borne the battle, and his widow, TBR Thanksgiving honor the men and women who have and his orphan, to do all which may **November 27,28 defended us, including veterans of Ko- achieve and cherish a just and lasting rea, Vietnam, and particularly our most peace.” (continued on page 2) Thanksgiving Tribal recent group of veterans, those who Office closed Page 2 Wiyot News Of Interest... (Recognizing the Individual con’t) National Library News PLEASE FILL OUT THE BELOW American Indian Heri- INFORMATION AND SUBMIT tage Month WITH A PHOTOGRAPH New library books and movies: Dogs and Breeds NAME______________________ Each year since 1995, the President of the United States offi- Who will Haunt My House cially proclaims November to be BRANCH OF SERVICE_________ What’s under the Bed National American Indian Heritage Darkness Slipped in VETERAN OF:________________ Month. In his 2007 proclamation, President George W. Bush said: Haunted House TIME PERIOD SERVED:_________ Baking "National American Indian ADDITIONAL INFORMA- Heritage Month is an opportunity Family Fun Cooking w/Kids TION:______________________ to honor the many contributions Pagasus Descenting ___________________________ of American Indians and Alaska Tabers Cyclopedic Med Diction- Natives and to recognize the ___________________________ ary ___________________________ strong living traditions of the first ___________________________ people to call our land home. Firestorm, 3rd Victim ___________________________ Where the Sidewalk Ends "They continue to shape our ___________________________ Peter & Starcatchers ___________________________ nation by preserving the heritage ___________________________ of their ancestors and by contrib- Anne of Green Gables ___________________________ Final Jeopardy, China Lake ___________________________ uting to the rich diversity that is Motor Mouth, Victim Kermits Swamp Years SUBMITTED BY:______________ our country's strength. Their dedi- cated efforts to honor their proud Cold Mountain, Chocolate RELATIONSHIP:______________ heritage have helped others gain a deeper understanding of the vi- 2001 Space Odyssey Photographs and information will be brant and ancient customs of the Count of Monte Cristo compiled into a display for Native Native American Community. Big Planet of the Apes American Heritage month and Vet- My Fair Lady, Ghost Rider eran’s day. The photographs will be "We also express our gratitude stored as Table Bluff Reservation- to American Indians and Alaska Wiyot Tribe archives as historical Natives who serve in our nation's documents. Cut or copy this infor- military and work to extend the mation and submit by mail to Wiyot blessings of liberty around the Tribe ,Tribal Office ,1000 Wiyot Dr., world." Loleta, CA 95551 Volume 11, 08 Page 3 ...Of Interest 3rd Annual Christmas Craft Boutique December 13th, 2008 10am to 4pm Table Bluff Reservation Community Center Venders Welcome Tables provided—small donation of items selling for auction at a later date For more information please Contact Linda at Tribal Office 707-733-5055 Have you a Family Story “Strengthening our Communities” You’d like to share with others? The main features of the gathering are the salmon and turkey dinner served from noon to 4 pm and a traditional The Wiyot Tribe spans across the United gift giving ceremony to all Honored Elders in attendance. States and in the light of sharing,, we would like This year’s event features demonstrations of traditional to offer a way to do that. You can submit Tribal dances throughout the day from the Hupa, Karuk, your story or history to the Tribal Office Tolowa and Yurok Tribes. Special performances by the where this Newsletter is assembled and we’ll Aztec dancers and a traditional Hoop Dancer will round make sure it gets published. This is an opportu- out the event. There is no charge for entrance to the nity for you to become known to your fellow Gathering and the dinner is free to all Elders (55 and tribal members. You can email your entries to [email protected] or mail to Wiyot Tribe 1000 older) $6.00 donation for a dinner ticket is requested. Wiyot Dr., Loleta, CA 95551 Volunteers to help appreciated. Page 4 Wiyot News Cultural from the Ground up... Day of Tribute May Burton November 28th by Helene Rouvier, Cultural Director President Bush signed into law leg- Community member Donna Heuer recently contacted me with islation introduced by Congressman the story of May Burton, a Wiyot woman befriended by her great Joe Baca, to designate the Friday after grandparents Chester and Dorothy Daniels, who hired her as cook Thanksgiving as Native American Heri- and housekeeper. She recently found this photo of May among their tage Day. The Native American Heri- belongings. The account is fascinating yet somewhat contradictory tage Day Bill H.J. Res. 62, is supported and incomplete. What we know follows – anyone with more infor- by the National Indian Gaming Asso- mation is encouraged to contact the Wiyot Tribal Offices. Accord- ciation (NIGA) and 184 Federally rec- ing to the following two published accounts, May survived the Indian ognized tribes, and designates Friday Island massacre of 1860. Miss Isabelle Haughey was a descendant of November 28, 2008, as a day to pay an old Eureka family, her father operating a shingle, shake, door and tribute to Native Americans for their window mill at the foot of U Street. The mill workers ate at the many contributions to the United company’s cookhouse: States. The cook, Miss Haughey recalls, was May Burton, an Indian The Native American Heritage Day woman who was the lone survivor of the Indian Island (Gunther Island) massacre in 1860. She was a little lady, a bit less than five feet tall, had a sharp wit and wise to the ways of the day. She was neat as a pin and an excellent cook. When she checked the kettles, she stood on a special box or stand to see what was going on in the pot. May Burton was a tiny girl when Colonel and Mrs. Stephen Whipple went to see prisoners at Fort Humboldt. In the compound were a number of Indians, including the massacre’s survivor. She was stark na- ked with only a dog-type chain around her neck. Mrs. Whipple ordered Bill encourages Americans of all back- the chain removed and the girl brought to her. “This will never do,” she grounds to observe this day through said, as she took the girl home with her. appropriate ceremonies and activities. May Burton, Miss Haughey says, was raised from an abused little girl It also encourages public elementary into an industrious woman, of whom people knew only good things. She and secondary schools to enhance stu- went to school in Eureka, and finally became a professional cook. Miss dent understanding of Native Ameri- Haughey says, “I tell you this because I don’t want May Bruton’s name cans by providing classroom instruc- forgotten as more people are looking at Gunther Island these days.” tion focusing on their history, achieve- The second article by Evelyn McCormick talks about Humboldt ments, and contributions. County resident Dwight Felt III, born 1878 in Rohnerville. Dwight’s “ Native Americans and their ances- early memories are of Indian Island, where he moved at five years of tors have played a vital role in the for- age. His father worked for Robert Gunther as a farmer and his mation of our nation.
Recommended publications
  • Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families Susie Van Kirk
    Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Susie Van Kirk Papers Special Collections 1-2013 Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families Susie Van Kirk Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk Part of the Genomics Commons Recommended Citation Van Kirk, Susie, "Brock, Lowry, Leon, Bailey, Woodward, Maple, Brett, Cripe and Cooper Families" (2013). Susie Van Kirk Papers. 8. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/svk/8 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Susie Van Kirk Papers by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Susie Van Kirk Historic Resources Consultant P.O Box 568 Bayside, CA 95524 [email protected] 707-822-6066 January 2013 BROCK, LOWRY, LEON, BAILEY, WOODWARD, MAPLE, BRETT, CRIPE AND COOPER FAMILIES Addendum, Feb. 2013 FE (16 Feb. 1894) Erick Thorsen and Yarnell Cooper have been brought from Orleans to Eureka charged with grand larceny in having killed a beef belonging to C.S. Hoffman and used it for food. FE (9 March 1894) Yarnell Cooper has been held to answer to charge of grand larceny [Thorsen released] FE (3 May 1895) Mrs. Thos. Brett, aged 21 years, died at Hoopa a few days since, of consumption. 1880 U.S. Census, Humboldt county, Redwood; Willow Creek precinct [Indian residents] 8. Jim, Capt., 40, Calif. 9. Mary, 30, wife 10. George, 12, son 11. Mary, 30 sister 12.
    [Show full text]
  • The Right Thing to Do: Returning Land to the Wiyot Tribe
    THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE by Karen Elizabeth Nelson A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Humboldt State University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts In Sociology May, 2008 THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE by Karen Elizabeth Nelson Approved by the Master’s Thesis Committee: Jennifer Eichstedt, Committee Chair Date Elizabeth Watson, Committee Member Date Judith Little, Committee Member Date Jennifer Eichstedt, Graduate Coordinator Date Chris Hopper, Interim Dean for Research and Graduate Studies Date ABSTRACT THE RIGHT THING TO DO: RETURNING LAND TO THE WIYOT TRIBE Karen Elizabeth Nelson In 2004, the Eureka City Council legally returned forty acres of Indian Island to the Wiyot tribe. This return occurred one hundred and forty four years after the Indian Island massacre. This research explores the returning of sacred tribal land in the context of collective apologies and reconciliations after generations of Native genocide. The significance of this case study includes a detailed narration of how the land transfer occurred and more importantly why it was labeled “the right thing to do” by Eureka City Council members and staff. This case study was examined with a grounded theory methodology. Using no hypotheses, the research and the research methodology unfolded in a non-linear process, letting the research speak for itself. Detailed interviews and a review of documents were used to qualify and quantify this unique community based social act. The results of this case study include how and why the Eureka City Council returned forty acres of Indian Island to the Wiyot people.
    [Show full text]
  • County Profile
    FY 2020-21 PROPOSED BUDGET SECTION B:PROFILE GOVERNANCE Assessor County Counsel Auditor-Controller Human Resources Board of Supervisors Measure Z Clerk-Recorder Other Funds County Admin. Office Treasurer-Tax Collector Population County Comparison Education Infrastructure Employment DEMOGRAPHICS Geography Located on the far North Coast of California, 200 miles north of San Francisco and about 50 miles south of the southern Oregon border, Humboldt County is situated along the Pacific coast in Northern California’s rugged Coastal (Mountain) Ranges, bordered on the north SCENERY by Del Norte County, on the east by Siskiyou and Trinity counties, on the south by Mendocino County and on the west by the Pacific Ocean. The climate is ideal for growth The county encompasses 2.3 million acres, 80 percent of which is of the world’s tallest tree - the forestlands, protected redwoods and recreational areas. A densely coastal redwood. Though these forested, mountainous, rural county with about 110 miles of coastline, trees are found from southern more than any other county in the state, Humboldt contains over forty Oregon to the Big Sur area of percent of all remaining old growth Coast Redwood forests, the vast California, Humboldt County majority of which is protected or strictly conserved within dozens of contains the most impressive national, state, and local forests and parks, totaling approximately collection of Sequoia 680,000 acres (over 1,000 square miles). Humboldt’s highest point is sempervirens. The county is Salmon Mountain at 6,962 feet. Its lowest point is located in Samoa at home to Redwood National 20 feet. Humboldt Bay, California’s second largest natural bay, is the and State Parks, Humboldt only deep water port between San Francisco and Coos Bay, Oregon, Redwoods State Park (The and is located on the coast at the midpoint of the county.
    [Show full text]
  • Replicating/Reintroducing Historical Tribal Ignition Patterns: Riving The
    Replicating/ReintroducingReplicating/Reintroducing historicalhistorical tribaltribal ignitionignition patterns:patterns: RivingRiving thethe culturalcultural firefire regime.regime.  FrankFrank KanawhaKanawha LakeLake  USDAUSDA ForestForest ServiceService-- PSW,PSW, RWURWU--4155,4155, Orleans/Redding,Orleans/Redding, Ca.Ca.  TraditionalTraditional EcologicalEcological KnowledgeKnowledge andand EthnobiologyEthnobiology Photo: Somes Fire, Orleans Complex August 2006. Working with tribal heritage resource advisors. Klamath Fire Symposium April 26, 2008. Objectives:Objectives:  1. Describe Indian burning practices.  2. Define Tishunick-Various ways to burn willows Camp Creek Indigenous/Cultural fire regimes  3. Review documented reasons for Indian burning practices. ObjectivesObjectives con’t.:con’t.:  4. Describe some effects of Indian burning practices on the composition, structure, function and productivity of plant communities and fuels associated with different habitats.  5. Identify potential ways in which valued tribal ignition patterns can be incorporated with fuels reduction projects, prescribed burning, wildland fire use, appropriate management response, or fire suppression. EcosystemEcosystem Change:Change: What’sWhat’s NaturalNatural ??  WhatWhat wouldwould havehave biodiversitybiodiversity inin KlamathKlamath-- SiskiyouSiskiyou forests,forests, shrubshrub andand grasslandsgrasslands beenbeen likelike inin thethe absenceabsence ofof tribaltribal ignitions?ignitions? – Anderson and Lewis 2002 Climate affected vegetation
    [Show full text]
  • YUROK TRIBE 190 Klamath Boulevard • Post Office Box 1027 • Klamath, CA 95548
    YUROK TRIBE 190 Klamath Boulevard • Post Office Box 1027 • Klamath, CA 95548 Yurok Tribe Written Testimony Regarding H.R. 5548, Fishery Failures: Urgently Needed Disaster Declarations Act January 14th, 2020 INTRODUCTION The Yurok Tribe is a federally recognized Indian tribe whose reservation is located on the Lower Klamath River in Northern California, spanning from the river’s mouth at the Pacific Ocean upriver to the Yurok village of Weitchpec. With more than 6,300 tribal members, the Yurok Tribe is the largest Indian tribe in California. The fishery resources of the Klamath and Pacific Ocean are the mainstay of the life, economy, and culture of the Yurok Tribe. See Mattz v. Arnett, 412 U.S. 481, 486-87 (1973). The Klamath River Indian fishery is “not much less necessary to the existence of the [Yurok] Indians than the atmosphere they breathed.” Blake v. Arnett, 663 F.2d 906, 909 (9th Cir. 1981). A pillar of the Tribe’s legal rights is its federally reserved fishing right which was reserved in the creation of the Yurok Reservation. The Tribe enjoys commercial, subsistence, and ceremonial fishing rights on the lower 45 miles of the Klamath River which it exercises each year under strict regulation by the Yurok Tribal Government. See, Baley v United States, No. 18- 1323 (Fed. Cir. Nov. 14, 2019) (confirming Yurok fishing rights for commercial, subsistence, and ceremonial purposes). In this way, the Tribe maintains its fishing way of life. Tribal members are able to fish commercially to provide financial stability to their families, 1 ceremonially to support ancient practices necessary to maintain Yurok world balance, and for subsistence purposes to continue a fishing way of life.
    [Show full text]
  • California's North Coast Fishing Communities Historical
    California’s North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends Caroline Pomeroy, Cynthia J. Thomson, Melissa M. Stevens Published by California Sea Grant College Program Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego 9500 Gilman Drive #0231 La Jolla CA 92093-0231 (858) 534-4446 www.csgc.ucsd.edu Publication No. T-072 This document was supported in part by the National Sea Grant College Program of the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and produced under NOAA grant number NA10OAR4170060, project number C/P-1 through the California Sea Grant College Program. The views expressed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of any of those organizations. Sea Grant is a unique partnership of public and private sectors, combining research, education, and outreach for public service. It is a national network of universities meeting changing environmental and economic needs of people in our coastal, ocean, and Great Lakes regions. California’s North Coast Fishing Communities Historical Perspective and Recent Trends Final Report to the California State Coastal Conservancy Award 06–128 August 2010 Caroline Pomeroy1, Cynthia J. Thomson2, Melissa M. Stevens1,2 1 California Sea Grant, University of California, Santa Cruz, Center for Ocean Health, 100 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 2 NOAA, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 CONTENTS Project Summary Regional Profile Crescent City Profile Trinidad Profile Eureka Profile Fort Bragg/Noyo Harbor Profile Appendix A: Acronyms Appendix B: Glossary Appendix C: Methodological Detail Appendix D: Project Team Biographies Project Summary ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We gratefully acknowledge the support and input provided by North Coast fishing community members, including local fishermen, fish buyers, fishery-support business owners and staff, harbor managers and staff and many others.
    [Show full text]
  • Systems of California Indian Servitude Under US Rule
    ‘‘Unholy Traffic in Human Blood and Souls’’: Systems of California Indian Servitude under U.S. Rule BENJAMIN MADLEY The author teaches in the history department and American Indian Studies Program at the University of California, Los Angeles. From 1846 onward, at least 20,000 California Indians worked in varied forms of bondage under U.S. rule. This essay provides the first article-length survey of the statewide rise and fall of California’s systems of Indian servitude under U.S. rule, including their Russo-Hispanic antecedents, establishment under martial law, expansion under civilian rule, and dismantling by state and federal authorities. Further, this article proposes the first taxonomy of these systems and, in conclusion, discusses how California Indian servitude illuminates the histories of California, the western United States, the nation as a whole, and the western hemisphere while suggesting new analytical methods and research directions. Key words: American Indian labor, American Indian slavery, California Indians, California legal history, indentured servitude, unfree labor The author thanks Stephen Aron, Colin Calloway, Boyd Cothran, Robin Derby, Bruce Duthu, John Faragher, Daniel Lynch, Timothy Macholz, William Marotti, Valerie Mat- sumoto, Preston McBride, Edward Melillo, Aaron O’Connell, Carla Pestana, Jesse Philips, Arthur Rolston, Peter Stacey, Kevin Terraciano, Owen Williams, Craig Yirush, Judy Yung, Natale Zappia, and the Pacific Historical Review’s editors and anonymous reviewers. Michael Magliari provided patient and invaluable guidance. Pacific Historical Review, Vol. 83, No. 4, pages 626–667. ISSN 0030-8684, eISSN 1533-8584 © 2014 by the Pacific Coast Branch, American Historical Association. All rights reserved. Please direct all requests for permission to photocopy or reproduce article content through the University of California Press’s Rights and Permissions website, at http://www.ucpressjournals.
    [Show full text]
  • In Northwestern California
    LIVING WITH WILDFIRE IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA 2nd Edition Contents Fire Agencies and You . 1 Our Local Wildfire Environment . 12 One Less Spark . 15 Be Prepared: Make Your Home Fire Safe . .20 Beneficial Uses of Fire . 37 Ready, Set, Go . 41 Communities Working Together . 50 Just for Kids . 61 “When a wildfire is headed straight for our house, it’s great to know we’re ready because we’ve pulled together as a community. We’ve cleared flammable forest debris, dug firelines, and reintroduced fire here during autumn controlled burns. We feel defensible and resilient as a result.” – Malcolm Terence Salmon River resident who experienced fire close to his home in 2006, 2008, and 2013. Cover: Top photo by Konrad Fisher/Klamath Riverkeeper. Heather Rickard of the Karuk Tribe uses a drip torch during the 2016 Prescribed Fire Training Exchange . Bottom photo: Willow Creek Fire Safe Council members help Redwood Valley residents during a County of Humboldt sponsored Firewise Day . This Page: Photo by Stephen Underwood. The Canoe Fire burned over 11,000 acres of coast redwood forest in Humboldt Redwoods State Park in 2003 . LIVING WITH WILDFIRE IN NORTHWESTERN CALIFORNIA FIRE AGENCIES AND YOU Living with Wildfire in Northwestern California A Volunteer Firefighter’s Perspective The monumental 2015 fire each night when my friends were season began with brittle dry working 24-hour shifts in some vegetation and abnormally dry very rugged country. weather due to the drought. By As we listened to radio reports July, Northern California was from many fires requesting more already experiencing several large resources, I had to remind my fires and fire-fighting resources crew that we were covering a fire were becoming limited.
    [Show full text]
  • Humboldt County Public Schools Directory Humbol Public Scho
    2020-2021 2020-2021 Humboldt County Humboldt County Public Schools Directory Public Schools Directory Chris Hartley, Ed.D., Superintendent Chris Hartley, Ed.D., Superintendent TABLE OF CONTENTS Humboldt County Committee on School District Organization ......................................................................iii School Attendance Review Boards ...........................................................iii California Congress of Parents, Teachers & Students ............................ iv California Retired Teachers Association .................................................. iv Alphabetical Listing of County School Buildings and Phone Numbers.................................................................. v Charter Schools .......................................................................................vii Statistical Information .............................................................................. viii Board of Education, County ...................................................................... 1 Humboldt County Office of Education ....................................................... 1 School Districts and District Personnel ................................................... 12 Alphabetical Personnel Index .................................................................. 65 MISSIO N The mission of the Humboldt County Office of Education is to provide expanded learning opportunities for students, promote improved student achievement, and support fiscal responsibility in local school districts. Additional
    [Show full text]
  • 6 Cultural Resources
    6 Cultural Resources Cultural resources are remains and sites associated with human activities, including Native American archaeological sites (both prehistoric remains and sites occupied after European arrival), historic buildings and archaeological sites, and natural landscape elements with traditional cultural significance (including areas of economic and religious significance).1 This chapter provides background on Native American settlements in Humboldt County and summarizes both historic and prehistoric cultural resources in the county. It also includes a summary of existing General Plan policies. Because no planning issues for cultural resources were identified in Phase I, no policy options are presented; however, as part of the Phase II community workshops, suggestions for modifications of existing policies may emerge. 6.1 NATIVE AMERICAN AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES Before European settlement, the Humboldt County area was one of the most culturally diverse regions of California, being home to nearly a dozen distinct peoples. In large part, Native American tribes occupied distinct areas conforming largely to the natural watershed basins (see Table 6-1). The majority of tribes were Athabascan speakers and hill people who built permanent homes along rivers; the Yurok and Wiyot spoke Algonquian languages and settled along both coasts and rivers; the Karok were Hokan-speaking and lived in mountainous territory. Table 6-1: Native American Tribes and Areas of Settlement in Humboldt County Population at First Tribe Linguistic Affiliation Watershed and Principal Settlements European Contact Yurok Algonquian Lower Redwood, lower Klamath 3,100 Karok Hokan Upper Klamath 2,700 Hoopa Athabascan Trinity (including Hoopa Valley) 1,000 Chilula Athabascan Middle Redwood 600 Whilkut Athabascan Upper Redwood, lower Mad 2,600 Wiyot Algonquian Humboldt Bay coast 3,200 Nongatl Athabascan Van Duzen, upper Mad No data Lassik Athabascan Eel No data Sinkyone Athabascan South Fork Eel 2,100 Mattole Athabascan Mattole 1,200 Sources: Sonia Tamez, 1978; Winzler and Kelly, 1977.
    [Show full text]
  • The Outcasts of Poker Flat Bret Harte 1836–1902
    º Regionalism and Local Color Video link at The Outcasts of Poker Flat thinkcentral.com RL 1 Cite evidence to support Short Story by Bret Harte analysis of what the text says explicitly. RL 3 Analyze the impact of the author’s choices regarding Meet the Author how to develop and relate elements of a story. SL 1a–d Draw on preparation to stimulate a thoughtful, well- Bret Harte 1836–1902 reasoned exchange of ideas; work with peers to promote civil, Many of the familiar characters in began to hone his literary craft. He wrote democratic discussions; pose and respond to questions that probe Western stories and films—saloon and edited stories, articles, humor, and reasoning and evidence; ensure a keepers, fallen ladies, hard-bitten literary criticism for two newspapers, the hearing for a full range of positions on a topic or issue; clarify, verify, or gamblers, mining prospectors, and dewy- Golden Era and then the Californian. At challenge ideas and conclusions; eyed youngsters—can be found in the the Californian, Harte helped along the promote divergent and creative perspectives; respond thoughtfully stories of Bret Harte. Harte’s colorful career of a young, unknown Mark Twain. to diverse perspectives; synthesize writing helped shape the Western Becoming founding editor of the Overland comments, claims, and evidence on an issue. genre. It also inspired emigration to the Monthly, Harte soon wrote and published developing region of the American west. “The Luck of Roaring Camp” and “The did you know? Harte’s writing made him—for a short Outcasts of Poker Flat,” stories of outcasts while—one of America’s most popular with hearts of gold.
    [Show full text]
  • A Tramp Through the Bret Harte Country
    A Tramp Through the Bret Harte Country Thomas Dykes Beasley A Tramp Through the Bret Harte Country Table of Contents A Tramp Through the Bret Harte Country...........................................................................................................1 Thomas Dykes Beasley..................................................................................................................................1 Foreword........................................................................................................................................................1 Preface............................................................................................................................................................2 Chapter I.........................................................................................................................................................3 Chapter II.......................................................................................................................................................4 Chapter III......................................................................................................................................................6 Chapter IV....................................................................................................................................................10 Chapter V.....................................................................................................................................................13 Chapter
    [Show full text]