NISCH Rabbit Pab

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Leader in Biomolecular Solutions for Life Science NISCH Rabbit pAb Catalog No.: A8935 Basic Information Background Catalog No. This gene encodes a nonadrenergic imidazoline-1 receptor protein that localizes to the A8935 cytosol and anchors to the inner layer of the plasma membrane. The orthologous mouse protein has been shown to influence cytoskeletal organization and cell migration by Observed MW binding to alpha-5-beta-1 integrin. In humans, this protein has been shown to bind to 166kDa the adapter insulin receptor substrate 4 (IRS4) to mediate translocation of alpha-5 integrin from the cell membrane to endosomes. Expression of this protein was reduced Calculated MW in human breast cancers while its overexpression reduced tumor growth and 56kDa/63kDa/110kDa/166kDa metastasis; possibly by limiting the expression of alpha-5 integrin. In human cardiac tissue, this gene was found to affect cell growth and death while in neural tissue it Category affected neuronal growth and differentiation. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants encoding differerent isoforms. Some isoforms lack the expected C- Primary antibody terminal domains of a functional imidazoline receptor. Applications WB Cross-Reactivity Human, Mouse Recommended Dilutions Immunogen Information WB 1:200 - 1:2000 Gene ID Swiss Prot 11188 Q9Y2I1 Immunogen Recombinant fusion protein containing a sequence corresponding to amino acids 500-700 of human NISCH (NP_009115.2). Synonyms NISCH;I-1;IR1;IRAS;hIRAS;nischarin Contact Product Information www.abclonal.com Source Isotype Purification Rabbit IgG Affinity purification Storage Store at -20℃. Avoid freeze / thaw cycles. Buffer: PBS with 0.02% sodium azide,50% glycerol,pH7.3. Validation Data Western blot analysis of extracts of various cell lines, using NISCH antibody (A8935) at 1:1000 dilution. Secondary antibody: HRP Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) (AS014) at 1:10000 dilution. Lysates/proteins: 25ug per lane. Blocking buffer: 3% nonfat dry milk in TBST. Detection: ECL Basic Kit (RM00020). Exposure time: 30s. Antibody | Protein | ELISA Kits | Enzyme | NGS | Service For research use only. Not for therapeutic or diagnostic purposes. Please visit http://abclonal.com for a complete listing of recommended products..

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NISCH Antibody Order 021-34695924 [email protected] Support 400-6123-828 50Ul [email protected] 100 Ul √ √ Web
TD13185 NISCH Antibody Order 021-34695924 [email protected] Support 400-6123-828 50ul [email protected] 100 uL √ √ Web www.ab-mart.com.cn Description: Acts either as the functional imidazoline-1 receptor (I1R) candidate or as a membrane- associated mediator of the I1R signaling. Binds numerous imidazoline ligands that induces initiation of cell-signaling cascades triggering to cell survival, growth and migration. Its activation by the agonist rilmenidine induces an increase in phosphorylation of mitogen- activated protein kinases MAPK1 and MAPK3 in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) neurons that exhibited rilmenidine-evoked hypotension (By similarity). Blocking its activation with efaroxan abolished rilmenidine-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation in RVLM neurons (By similarity). Acts as a modulator of Rac-regulated signal transduction pathways (By similarity). Suppresses Rac1-stimulated cell migration by interacting with PAK1 and inhibiting its kinase activity (By similarity). Also blocks Pak- independent Rac signaling by interacting with RAC1 and inhibiting Rac1-stimulated NF-kB response element and cyclin D1 promoter activation (By similarity). Inhibits also LIMK1 kinase activity by reducing LIMK1 'Tyr-508' phosphorylation (By similarity). Inhibits Rac- induced cell migration and invasion in breast and colon epithelial cells (By similarity). Inhibits lamellipodia formation, when overexpressed (By similarity). Plays a role in protection against apoptosis. Involved in association with IRS4 in the enhancement
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Allantoin Activates Imidazoline I-3 Receptors to Enhance Insulin
Tsai et al. Nutrition & Metabolism 2014, 11:41 http://www.nutritionandmetabolism.com/content/11/1/41 RESEARCH Open Access Allantoin activates imidazoline I-3 receptors to enhance insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells Cheng-Chia Tsai1, Li-Jen Chen2,3, Ho-Shan Niu3, Kun-Ming Chung4, Juei-Tang Cheng5* and Kao-Chang Lin4,6 Abstract Background: Imidazoline I3 receptors (I-3R) can regulate insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. It has been indicated that allantoin ameliorates hyperglycemia by activating imidazoline I2 receptors (I-2R). Thus, the effect of allantoin on I-3R is identified in the present study. Methods: We used male Wistar rats to screen allantoin’s ability for lowering of blood glucose and stimulation of insulin secretion. Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells transfected with imidazoline receptors (NISCH-CHO-K1 cells) were also applied to characterize the direct effect of allantoin on this receptor. Additionally, KU14R as specific antagonist was treated to block I-3R in rats and in the cultured pancreatic β-cells named Min 6 cells. Results: In rats, allantoin decreased blood sugar with an increase in plasma insulin. Also, allantoin enhanced calcium influx into NISCH-CHO-K1 cells in a way similar to agmatine, an I-R agonist. Moreover, KU14R dose-dependently blocked allantoin-induced insulin secretion both in Min 6 cells and in Wistar rats. Conclusion: Allantoin can activate I-3R to enhance insulin secretion for lowering of blood sugar in Wistar rats. Thus, allantoin may provide beneficial effects as a supplement for diabetic patients after clinical trials. Keywords: Allantoin, Insulin secretion, Imidazoline I3 receptor, CHO-K1, NISCH Background is mentioned to reduce blood glucose [11,12].
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Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressors: a Special Emphasis on Novel Protein Nischarin Mazvita Maziveyi and Suresh K
Published OnlineFirst September 21, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-15-1395 Cancer Review Research Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressors: A Special Emphasis on Novel Protein Nischarin Mazvita Maziveyi and Suresh K. Alahari Abstract Tumor suppressor genes regulate cell growth and prevent vast number of cellular processes, including neuronal protection spontaneous proliferation that could lead to aberrant tissue and hypotension. The NISCH promoter experiences hypermethy- function. Deletions and mutations of these genes typically lead lation in several cancers, whereas some highly aggressive breast to progression through the cell-cycle checkpoints, as well as cancer cells exhibit genomic loss of the NISCH locus. Further- increased cell migration. Studies of these proteins are important more, we discuss data illustrating a novel role of Nischarin as as they may provide potential treatments for breast cancers. In this a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Analysis of this new para- review, we discuss a comprehensive overview on Nischarin, a digm may shed light on various clinical questions. Finally, the novel protein discovered by our laboratory. Nischarin, or imida- therapeutic potential of Nischarin is discussed. Cancer Res; 75(20); zoline receptor antisera-selected protein, is a protein involved in a 4252–9. Ó2015 AACR. Introduction (6, 7). It also interacts with LIM kinase (LIMK) in order to prevent cytoskeletal reorganization (8). Typically, scaffold proteins such Breast cancer initiation and progression involve several genetic as Nischarin are characterized as caretaker genes because their events that can activate oncogenes and/or abrogate the function of effects on tumor growth are indirect. tumor suppressor genes. Tumor suppressor genes are commonly lost or deleted in cancers, facilitating the initiation and progres- sion of cancer through several biological events, including cell Discovery of Nischarin proliferation, cell death, cell migration, and cell invasion.
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Nischarin inhibition alters energy metabolism by activating AMP-activated protein kinase Shengli Dong, Louisiana State University Somesh Baranwal, Louisiana State University AnaPatricia Garcia, Emory University Silvia J. Serrano-Gomez, Louisiana State University Steven Eastlack, Louisiana State University Tomoo Iwakuma, Kansas University Medical Center Donald Mercante, Louisiana State University Franck Mauvais-Jarvis, Tulane University School of Medicine Suresh K. Alahari, Louisiana State University Journal Title: Journal of Biological Chemistry Volume: Volume 292, Number 41 Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | 2017-10-13, Pages 16833-16846 Type of Work: Article | Final Publisher PDF Publisher DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M117.784256 Permanent URL: https://pid.emory.edu/ark:/25593/tdw0b Final published version: http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M117.784256 Copyright information: © 2017 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Accessed October 1, 2021 8:18 PM EDT ARTICLE cro Nischarin inhibition alters energy metabolism by activating AMP-activated protein kinase Received for publication, March 2, 2017, and in revised form, August 22, 2017 Published, Papers in Press, August 24, 2017, DOI 10.1074/jbc.M117.784256 Shengli Dong‡, Somesh Baranwal‡§, Anapatricia Garcia¶, Silvia J. Serrano-Gomez‡ʈ, Steven Eastlack‡, Tomoo Iwakuma**, Donald Mercante‡‡, Franck Mauvais-Jarvis§§1, and Suresh K. Alahari‡2 From the ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, and ‡‡Department of Biostatistics,
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Therapeutic Effect of Agmatine on Neurological Disease: Focus on Ion Channels and Receptors
Neurochemical Research (2019) 44:735–750 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-02712-1 REVIEW PAPER Therapeutic Effect of Agmatine on Neurological Disease: Focus on Ion Channels and Receptors Sumit Barua1 · Jong Youl Kim1 · Jae Young Kim1 · Jae Hwan Kim4 · Jong Eun Lee1,2,3 Received: 15 October 2018 / Revised: 19 December 2018 / Accepted: 24 December 2018 / Published online: 4 January 2019 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) is the most injury-prone part of the mammalian body. Any acute or chronic, central or peripheral neurological disorder is related to abnormal biochemical and electrical signals in the brain cells. As a result, ion channels and receptors that are abundant in the nervous system and control the electrical and biochemical environment of the CNS play a vital role in neurological disease. The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid receptor, kainate receptor, acetylcholine receptor, serotonin receptor, α2-adrenoreceptor, and acid-sensing ion channels are among the major channels and receptors known to be key components of pathophysiological events in the CNS. The primary amine agmatine, a neuromodulator synthesized in the brain by decarboxylation of L-arginine, can regu- late ion channel cascades and receptors that are related to the major CNS disorders. In our previous studies, we established that agmatine was related to the regulation of cell differentiation, nitric oxide synthesis, and murine brain endothelial cell migration, relief of chronic pain, cerebral edema, and apoptotic cell death in experimental CNS disorders.
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Supp Table 6.Pdf
Supplementary Table 6. Processes associated to the 2037 SCL candidate target genes ID Symbol Entrez Gene Name Process NM_178114 AMIGO2 adhesion molecule with Ig-like domain 2 adhesion NM_033474 ARVCF armadillo repeat gene deletes in velocardiofacial syndrome adhesion NM_027060 BTBD9 BTB (POZ) domain containing 9 adhesion NM_001039149 CD226 CD226 molecule adhesion NM_010581 CD47 CD47 molecule adhesion NM_023370 CDH23 cadherin-like 23 adhesion NM_207298 CERCAM cerebral endothelial cell adhesion molecule adhesion NM_021719 CLDN15 claudin 15 adhesion NM_009902 CLDN3 claudin 3 adhesion NM_008779 CNTN3 contactin 3 (plasmacytoma associated) adhesion NM_015734 COL5A1 collagen, type V, alpha 1 adhesion NM_007803 CTTN cortactin adhesion NM_009142 CX3CL1 chemokine (C-X3-C motif) ligand 1 adhesion NM_031174 DSCAM Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule adhesion NM_145158 EMILIN2 elastin microfibril interfacer 2 adhesion NM_001081286 FAT1 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 1 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_001080814 FAT3 FAT tumor suppressor homolog 3 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_153795 FERMT3 fermitin family homolog 3 (Drosophila) adhesion NM_010494 ICAM2 intercellular adhesion molecule 2 adhesion NM_023892 ICAM4 (includes EG:3386) intercellular adhesion molecule 4 (Landsteiner-Wiener blood group)adhesion NM_001001979 MEGF10 multiple EGF-like-domains 10 adhesion NM_172522 MEGF11 multiple EGF-like-domains 11 adhesion NM_010739 MUC13 mucin 13, cell surface associated adhesion NM_013610 NINJ1 ninjurin 1 adhesion NM_016718 NINJ2 ninjurin 2 adhesion NM_172932 NLGN3 neuroligin
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Supplementary Table 2
Supplementary Table 2. Differentially Expressed Genes following Sham treatment relative to Untreated Controls Fold Change Accession Name Symbol 3 h 12 h NM_013121 CD28 antigen Cd28 12.82 BG665360 FMS-like tyrosine kinase 1 Flt1 9.63 NM_012701 Adrenergic receptor, beta 1 Adrb1 8.24 0.46 U20796 Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 2 Nr1d2 7.22 NM_017116 Calpain 2 Capn2 6.41 BE097282 Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12 Gna12 6.21 NM_053328 Basic helix-loop-helix domain containing, class B2 Bhlhb2 5.79 NM_053831 Guanylate cyclase 2f Gucy2f 5.71 AW251703 Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 12a Tnfrsf12a 5.57 NM_021691 Twist homolog 2 (Drosophila) Twist2 5.42 NM_133550 Fc receptor, IgE, low affinity II, alpha polypeptide Fcer2a 4.93 NM_031120 Signal sequence receptor, gamma Ssr3 4.84 NM_053544 Secreted frizzled-related protein 4 Sfrp4 4.73 NM_053910 Pleckstrin homology, Sec7 and coiled/coil domains 1 Pscd1 4.69 BE113233 Suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 Socs2 4.68 NM_053949 Potassium voltage-gated channel, subfamily H (eag- Kcnh2 4.60 related), member 2 NM_017305 Glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit Gclm 4.59 NM_017309 Protein phospatase 3, regulatory subunit B, alpha Ppp3r1 4.54 isoform,type 1 NM_012765 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2C Htr2c 4.46 NM_017218 V-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog Erbb3 4.42 3 (avian) AW918369 Zinc finger protein 191 Zfp191 4.38 NM_031034 Guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha 12 Gna12 4.38 NM_017020 Interleukin 6 receptor Il6r 4.37 AJ002942
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Exosomes from Nischarin-Expressing Cells Reduce Breast Cancer Cell
Published OnlineFirst January 11, 2019; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-18-0842 Cancer Molecular Cell Biology Research Exosomes from Nischarin-Expressing Cells Reduce Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Tumor Growth Mazvita Maziveyi1, Shengli Dong1, Somesh Baranwal2, Ali Mehrnezhad3, Rajamani Rathinam4, Thomas M. Huckaba5, Donald E. Mercante6, Kidong Park3, and Suresh K. Alahari1 Abstract Exosomes are small extracellular microvesicles that are secre- secreted by Nischarin-expressing tumors inhibited tumor ted by cells when intracellular multivesicular bodies fuse with growth. Expression of only one allele of Nischarin increased the plasma membrane. We have previously demonstrated that secretion of exosomes, and Rab14 activity modulated exosome Nischarin inhibits focal adhesion formation, cell migration, secretions and cell growth. Taken together, this study reveals a and invasion, leading to reduced activation of focal adhesion novel role for Nischarin in preventing cancer cell motility, kinase. In this study, we propose that the tumor suppressor which contributes to our understanding of exosome biology. Nischarin regulates the release of exosomes. When cocultured on exosomes from Nischarin-positive cells, breast cancer cells Signiﬁcance: Regulation of Nischarin-mediated exosome exhibited reduced survival, migration, adhesion, and spread- secretion by Rab14 seems to play an important role in con- ing. The same cocultures formed xenograft tumors of signiﬁ- trolling tumor growth and migration. cantly reduced volume following injection into mice. Exosomes See related commentary by McAndrews and Kalluri, p. 2099 Introduction rins to attach to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (6, 7). Each Nischarin, or imidazoline receptor antisera-selected (IRAS) integrin has designated ligand(s), and decreased expression of protein, is a protein involved in a number of biological processes.
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Imidazoline Receptor
Imidazoline Receptor Imidazoline receptors are the primary receptors on which clonidine and other imidazolines act. There are three classes of imidazoline receptors: I1 receptor – mediates the sympatho-inhibitory actions of imidazolines to lower blood pressure, (NISCH or IRAS, imidazoline receptor antisera selected), I2 receptor - an allosteric binding site of monoamine oxidase and is involved in pain modulation and neuroprotection, I3 receptor - regulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Activated I1-imidazoline receptors trigger the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine into DAG. Elevated DAG levels in turn trigger the synthesis of second messengers arachidonic acid and downstreameicosanoids. In addition, the sodium-hydrogen antiporter is inhibited, and enzymes of catecholamine synthesis are induced. The I1-imidazoline receptor may belong to the neurocytokine receptorfamily, since its signaling pathways are similar to those of interleukins. www.MedChemExpress.com 1 Imidazoline Receptor Agonists, Inhibitors & Antagonists Agmatine sulfate Allantoin Cat. No.: HY-101238 (5-Ureidohydantoin) Cat. No.: HY-N0543 Agmatine sulfate exerts modulatory action at Allantoin is a skin conditioning agent that multiple molecular targets, such as promotes healthy skin, stimulates new and healthy neurotransmitter systems, ion channels and nitric tissue growth. oxide synthesis. It is an endogenous agonist at imidazoline receptor and a NO synthase inhibitor. Purity: ≥98.0% Purity: 99.85% Clinical Data: No Development Reported Clinical Data: Launched Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 100 mg, 500 mg, 1 g Size: 10 mM × 1 mL, 100 mg Efaroxan hydrochloride Harmane Cat. No.: HY-B1416A Cat. No.: HY-101392 Efaroxan hydrochloride is a potent, selective and Harmane, a β-Carboline alkaloid (BCA), is a potent orally active α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, with neurotoxin that causes severe action tremors and antidiabetic activity.
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Imidazoline Receptors Agonists: Possible Mechanisms Of
Researc Res ult:h Research Result: Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology 4(2) : 11–19 Pharmacology and UDC: 615.225.2 Clinical Pharmacology DOI 10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.27221 Research Article Rus Imidazoline receptors agonists: possible mechanisms of endothelioprotection Vladislav O. Soldatov1, Elena A. Shmykova1, Marina A. Pershina1, Andrey O. Ksenofontov1, Yaroslav M. Zamitsky1, Alexandr L. Kulikov1, Anna A. Peresypkina1, Anton P. Dovgan1, Yuliya V. Belousova2 1 Belgorod National Research University, 85 Pobedy st., Belgorod, 308015, Russian Federation 2 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky per., 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, 141701, Russian Federation Corresponding author: Vladislav O. Soldatov ([email protected]) Academic editor: Tatyana Pokrovskaya ♦ Received 5 June 2018 ♦ Accepted 14 June 2018 ♦ Published 19 July 2018 Citation: Soldatov VO, Shmykova EA, Pershina MA, Ksenofontov AO, Zamitsky YM, Kulikov AL, Peresypkina AA, Dovgan AP, Belousova YV (2018) Imidazoline receptors agonists: possible mechanisms of endothelioprotection. Research Result: Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology 4(2): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.3897/rrpharmacology.4.27221 Abstract Imidazoline receptor agonists are one of the groups of contemporary antihypertensive drugs with the pleiotropic car- diovascular effects. In this review, the historical, physiological, pathophysiological aspects concerning imidazoline receptor agonists and possible mechanisms for their participation in endothelioprotection were considered. Illuminated the molecular biology of each subtype of imidazoline receptors and their significance in the pharmacological correction of cardiovascular disease. IR type 1 are localized in the brain nucleus, carrying out the descending tonic control of sympathetic activation, as well as in the endothelial cells of the vessels and kidneys. Their activation leads to a decrease in blood pressure, slowing the remodeling of the vascular wall and increasing sodium nares.
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A Locus for Familial Skewed X Chromosome Inactivation Maps to Chromosome Xq25 in a Family with a Female Manifesting Lowe Syndrome
J Hum Genet (2006) 51:1030–1036 DOI 10.1007/s10038-006-0049-6 SHORT COMMUNICATION A locus for familial skewed X chromosome inactivation maps to chromosome Xq25 in a family with a female manifesting Lowe syndrome Milena Cau Æ Maria Addis Æ Rita Congiu Æ Cristiana Meloni Æ Antonio Cao Æ Simona Santaniello Æ Mario Loi Æ Francesco Emma Æ Orsetta Zuffardi Æ Roberto Ciccone Æ Gabriella Sole Æ Maria Antonietta Melis Received: 15 June 2006 / Accepted: 3 August 2006 / Published online: 6 September 2006 Ó The Japan Society of Human Genetics and Springer 2006 Abstract In mammals, X-linked gene products can be generations. The OCRL1 ‘‘de novo’’ mutation resides dosage compensated between males and females by in the active paternally inherited X chromosome. X inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in the chromosome haplotype analysis suggests the presence developing female embryos. X inactivation choice is of a locus for the familial skewed X inactivation in usually random in embryo mammals, but several chromosome Xq25 most likely controlling X chromo- mechanisms can inﬂuence the choice determining some choice in X inactivation or cell proliferation. The skewed X inactivation. As a consequence, females description of this case adds Lowe syndrome to the list heterozygous for X-linked recessive disease can mani- of X-linked disorders which may manifest the full fest the full phenotype. Herein, we report a family with phenotype in females because of the skewed X inacti- extremely skewed X inactivation that produced the full vation. phenotype of Lowe syndrome, a recessive X-linked disease, in a female.
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Frequent Loss of NISCH Promotes Tumor Proliferation and Invasion In
Published OnlineFirst February 27, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-14-0911 Cancer Biology and Signal Transduction Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Frequent Loss of NISCH Promotes Tumor Proliferation and Invasion in Ovarian Cancer via Inhibiting the FAK Signal Pathway Jing Li1,2, Xiaoying He3, Ruofan Dong4, Yuan Wang4, Jinjin Yu4, and Haifeng Qiu2,5 Abstract NISCH encodes the imidazoline receptor Nischarin and is a accelerated the growth of SKOV3 xenografts. In addition, NISCH known tumor suppressor in many human malignancies; how- signiﬁcantly attenuated cell invasion by inhibiting the phos- ever, its roles in ovarian cancer are still largely unknown. Here, phorylation of FAK and ERK, which could be neutralized by PF- we aim to investigate the biologic functions of NISCH in ovarian 562271 (a FAK/Pyk2 inhibitor). Accordingly, NISCH knock- cancer. We found that NISCH was signiﬁcantly downregulated, down xenografts exhibited increased peritoneal/pelvic metasta- which correlated considerably with advanced tumor stage, poor ses that were not present in counterparts treated with PF- differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and the serous/mucin- 562271. Furthermore, NISCH expression in primary ovarian ous subtypes in a panel of ovarian cancer tissues. Moreover, cancer cells predicted a cellular resistance to PF-562271. In NISCH gene silencing was mainly the product of promoter conclusion, we showed that NISCH was frequently silenced by hypermethylation, which could be reversed by treatment with promoter hypermethylation in human ovarian cancer. NISCH 5-aza-dC. In vitro, NISCH overexpression suppressed cell pro- manipulated cellular proliferation and invasion by arresting cell liferation and colony formation by hindering cell-cycle progres- cycle and inhibiting the FAK signal.
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