DOCSLIB.ORG

ROTHIA MUCILAGINOSA MENINGITIS AFTER SINUS SURGERY: a CASE REPORT and LITER- ATURE REVIEW Introduction Rothia Mucilaginosa, Whic

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
ROTHIA MUCILAGINOSA MENINGITIS AFTER SINUS SURGERY: a CASE REPORT and LITER- ATURE REVIEW Introduction Rothia Mucilaginosa, Whic Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2019, 35: 1245 ROTHIA MUCILAGINOSA MENINGITIS AFTER SINUS SURGERY: A CASE REPORT AND LITER- ATURE REVIEW BAHAR AKGÜN KARAPıNAR1, Cömert Şen2, Bora BaŞaran2, DERYA AYDıN3 1Department of Medical Microbiology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey - 2Department of Otorhinolaryngology, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey - 3Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey ABSTRACT Introduction: Rothia mucilaginosa, a member of the family Micrococcaceae, which is a normal flora member of the upper res- piratory tract. Infections are very rare, but often causes opportunistic infections in immunosuppressed patients. We report the first case of Rothia mucilaginosa meningitis due to sinus surgery in a healty adult in Turkey. A literature research was done for the meningitis caused by Rothia mucilaginosa until recently. Materials and methods: Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were investigated between January 1990 and March 2018 using the keywords Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Rothia mucilaginosa and meningitis, respectively. Results: A total of 25 patients, including this report, were reached. The mean age was 18 years (range: 28th gestational week-46 years) and 34,7% female, 65,2% were male. The underlying diseases were acute myeloid leukemia (n:9), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (n:8), chronic myeloid leukemia (n:2), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (n:1), multiple myeloma (n:1) and neuroectodermal cancer (n:1). No neutropenia was detected in the three patients. Totally 13 patients were revovered, 11 patients died and the outcome of one patient was not reported. Conclusion: Rothia mucilaginosa infections, which are mostly caused by underlying factors, are rarely seen in the literature. This report has been presented to attract attention especially to this bacteria which can easily be overlooked in conventional identifi - cation. Keywords: Rothia mucilaginosa, Stomatococcus mucilaginosa, meningitis, sinus surgery, antibiotic susceptibility. DOI: 10.19193/0393-6384_2019_3_190 Received November 30, 2018; Accepted February 20, 2019 Introduction non-hemolytic. R.mucilaginosa is differentiated from Staphylococci and Micrococci with the presence of Rothia mucilaginosa, which is a member of the capsule and no growth in a 5% NaCl containing me- Micrococcaceae family that has been previously re- dium(4,5), and generally leads to opportunistic infec- ferred as Micrococcus mucilaginosus, Staphylococ- tions such as pneumonia in immunosuppressed pa- cus salivarius, and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, is tients(6,7). Furthermore, it may cause infections such as a member of the normal upper respiratory system flo- bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, peritonitis etc. ra(1-3). It is a catalase positive (although some species although they are more frequently encountered in the are catalase negative), oxidase negative, fermentative presence of risk factors(5,8,9). This study presents a case and nonmotile microorganism in a Gram positive of meningitis in a healthy adult following endocopic coccus structure that presents in pairs or clusters (2). It sinus surgery caused by R.mucilaginosa, which has grows easily in a non-selective medium and its col- never before been reported as a cause of meningitis in onies are mucoid and sticky, white to a greyish and Turkey to the date. 1246 Bahar Akgün Karapınar, Cömert Şen et Al The study makes a literature review of cases of the results were evaluated considering the Staphylo- meningitis caused by this same bacteria. coccus breakpoints, since no standard breakpoints were defined. According to this, penicillin (10 unit), Case Presentation erythromycin (15 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), gentamicin (10 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 µg), A 45-year-old male patient with no known ad- levofloxacin (5 µg), norfloxacin (10 µg), rifampicin ditional disease, and who had previously been oper - (5 µg) and linezolid (30 µg) were evaluated using the ated on for the same reason 5 and 3 years ago, was disk diffusion method, and vancomycin and ceftriax- operated for nasal polyposis in December 2017. The one minimum inhibitor concentrations was evaluated patient, who had been administered routine preopera- using a gradient test (E TEST, bioMérieux, France). tive 1 g ampicillin-sulbactam IM once for prophylaxis with minimum inhibitor concentrations. The bacteria and who had no intraoperative complications, had a was found to be sensitive to penicillin, erythromycin, clear nasal discharge on postoperative day 1 that was linezolid, levofloxacin, tetracycline, rifampicin, van- considered to be cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinor - comycin (1.5 mg/L) and ceftriaxone (0.50 mg/L), and rhea, as a complication of the operation. According- was intermediate to clindamycin, while being found ly, a paranasal sinus tomography was performed and to be resistant to gentamicin and norfloxacin. The a defect on the lateral lamella of the cribriform plate ceftriaxone treatment was continued, and the blood was observed on the anterior skull base. Intravenous culture was analyzed according to the BACTEC 9120 ceftriaxone 2 g daily was administered for proph- (Becton Dickinson, USA) system. ylaxis, converted to IV cefuroxime-axetil, 750 mg, twice daily after three days. An anterior skull base CSF rhinorrhea repair was performed after CSF rhi- norrhea continued in spite of conservative therapy for one week. The patient complained of headache, nau- sea and vomiting three days after the CSF rhinorrhea repair. A cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was carried out with preliminary diagnoses of menin- gitis and intracranial hypotension. A lumbar puncture was performed and IV ceftriaxone was started at 2 g twice daily. The cranial MRI showed no pathology and the CSF cell count of the patient was 2.332 leukocytes/ mm3 and 240 lymphocytes/mm 3, which was inter - preted as meningitis. A Gram stain of the CSF sam- ple revealed polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and no microorganisms were seen. The samples were cul- tured in sheep blood agar (Becton Dickinson, USA), chocolate agar, brain heart infusion broth and tryptic Fig. 1A: Gram positive cocci seen in Gram stain (x1000); soy broth (Oxoid, United Kingdom). The agars were Fig. 1B: Mucoid, greyish colonies on blood agar of Rothia mucilaginosa, which were grown at 35 °C for 48 hours. incubated in a medium at 35°C with 5% CO 2 for 72 hours. Growth was detected at the 48th hour of the cul- An alpha hemolytic streptococcus was isolated ture, and Gram staining was performed on the grayish in the culture of two simultaneously obtained blood sticky colonies and large Gram positive cocci in pairs samples, and so IV vancomycin 1 g twice daily was or clusters were observed (Figure 1A-B). added to the treatment. A viral meningitis panel was The catalase and oxidase test negative, L-Pyrro- applied to the CSF sample using the multiplex PCR lidonyl-β-naphthylamide (PYR) test and esculin hy- method, and the result was negative. Antibiotherapy drolysis positive bacteria was identified as Rothia was stopped after 14 days of treatment in the patient, mucilaginosa using Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption who showed clinical and laboratory improvement. The Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF) (VITEK patient was discharged without complications. MS, France) technology. The antibiotic susceptibility Using the Medline and Google scholar data- test was performed by recommendations of the Clini- bases, a search was carried out using the key words cal and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) (10), and Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Rothia mucilagino- Rothia mucilaginosa meningitis after sinus surgery: a case report and literature review 1247 Author Gen- Underlying Results of CSF Gram CSF cell count-WBCb CSF cell count- Year Age Bacteremia Treatmentd Outcome [Reference] der diseasea stain; culture (n/mm3) RBCc (n/mm3) Gram (+) cocci in AK,CAZ,RIF, Weinblott 410 1990 Øe F AML clusters; Ø (-)f TOB,IPM,C, TCA,NAF, Ex (11,12,13) (%85 PMNL) S.mucilaginosa VA(IV) Gram stain (-); Clausen 1992 10 M ALL S.mucilaginosa 0-1 0 (-) CAZ,TCA,TOB,RIF,VA(IV) (24) Ex Gram (+) cocci in Souillet FOS,CRO,GN, 1992 11 M ALL clusters; Ø Ø S.mucilaginosa Ex (18) T,VA(IV,IT) S.mucilaginosa McWhinney Gram (+) coccus; ATM,PEN,F, 1992 29 M AML Ø Ø (-) Ex (25) S.mucilaginosa C,VA(IV) Langbaum Gram stain Ø; 360 AMP,GN, 1992 28 wg Ø No neutropenia 8.700 S.mucilaginosa Revovered (26 S.mucilaginosa (%52 PMNL) VA(IV) Gram (+) cocci in Heinwick 60 1993 17 F AML clusters; 10.000 S.mucilaginosa CRO,VA(IV) Revovered (19) (%76 neutrophil) S.mucilaginosa Chanock No cell, Gram (+) coccus; PEN,CAZ, 1993 2.5 F NHL 0 (-) (-) Ex (11,12,13) S.mucilaginosa AMF-B,VA(IV) Ben Salah Ø; 1994 2 M NEC 27 0 S.mucilaginosa CAZ,AK,IPM, VA (IV,IT) Revovered (11,12) S.mucilaginosa Al-Fiar Intra/extracellular S.mucilaginosa, 1995 (27) 14 M ALL Gram (+) coccus; Ø Ø CAZ,AK,CRO,RIF,VA(IV,IT) Ex S.mitis S.mucilaginosa Guarmazi Gram (+) coccus; 1995 14 M AML Ø Ø S.mucilaginosa VA(IV) Revovered (28) S.mucilaginosa Guarmazi Gram (+) coccus; S.mucilaginosa, 1995 46 M AML Ø Ø VA(IV) Revovered (28) S.mucilaginosa Staphylococcus Granlund Ø; 1996 31 M CML Ø Ø S.mucilaginosa CIP,VA,CTX Ex (29) S.mucilaginosa Park Gram (+) coccus; S.mucilaginosa, CRO,AMP, 1997 5 F ALL 1.130 10 Revovered (30) S.mucilaginosa S.mitis VA(IV) Gram (+) cocci in Abraham 1997 48 M MM clusters; 1.318 28 (-) SXT,OX,PEN G, C,VA(IV) Revovered (31) S.mucilaginosa Intracellular CAZ,CTX, Goldman 1998 60 F ALL Gram (+) coccus;
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nitrate-Responsive Oral Microbiome Modulates Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Blood Pressure in Humans
    This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111622/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Vanhatalo, Anni, Blackwell, Jamie R., L'Heureux, Joanna E., Williams, David W., Smith, Ann, van der Giezen, Mark, Winyard, Paul G., Kelly, James and Jones, Andrew M. 2018. Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 124 , pp. 21-30. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.078 filefile Publishers page: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.07... <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.078> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 124 (2018) 21–30 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Free Radical Biology and Medicine journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/freeradbiomed Original article Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans T ⁎ Anni Vanhataloa, , Jamie R. Blackwella, Joanna E.
    [Show full text]
  • INFECTIOUS DISEASES NEWSLETTER May 2017 T. Herchline, Editor LOCAL NEWS ID Fellows Our New Fellow Starting in July Is Dr. Najmus
    INFECTIOUS DISEASES NEWSLETTER May 2017 T. Herchline, Editor LOCAL NEWS ID Fellows Our new fellow starting in July is Dr. Najmus Sahar. Dr. Sahar graduated from Dow Medical College in Pakistan in 2009. She works in Dayton, OH and completed residency training from the Wright State University Internal Medicine Residency Program in 2016. She is married to Dr. Asghar Ali, a hospitalist in MVH and mother of 3 children Fawad, Ebaad and Hammad. She spends most of her spare time with family in outdoor activities. Dr Alpa Desai will be at Miami Valley Hospital in May and June, and at the VA Medical Center in July. Dr Luke Onuorah will be at the VA Medical Center in May and June, and at Miami Valley Hospital in July. Dr. Najmus Sahar will be at MVH in July. Raccoon Rabies Immune Barrier Breach, Stark County Two raccoons collected this year in Stark County have been confirmed by the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention to be infected with the raccoon rabies variant virus. These raccoons were collected outside the Oral Rabies Vaccination (ORV) zone and represent the first breach of the ORV zone since a 2004 breach in Lake County. In 1997, a new strain of rabies in wild raccoons was introduced into northeastern Ohio from Pennsylvania. The Ohio Department of Health and other partner agencies implemented a program to immunize wild raccoons for rabies using an oral rabies vaccine. This effort created a barrier of immune animals that reduced animal cases and prevented the spread of raccoon rabies into the rest of Ohio.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanistic Model of Rothia Mucilaginosa Adaptation Toward Persistence in the CF Lung, Based on a Genome Reconstructed from Metagenomic Data
    Mechanistic Model of Rothia mucilaginosa Adaptation toward Persistence in the CF Lung, Based on a Genome Reconstructed from Metagenomic Data Yan Wei Lim1*, Robert Schmieder2, Matthew Haynes1¤, Mike Furlan1, T. David Matthews1, Katrine Whiteson1, Stephen J. Poole3, Christopher S. Hayes3,4, David A. Low3,4, Heather Maughan5, Robert Edwards2,6, Douglas Conrad7, Forest Rohwer1 1 Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America, 2 Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America, 3 Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 4 Biomolecular Science and Engineering Program, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America, 5 Ronin Institute, Montclair, New Jersey, United States of America, 6 Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America, 7 Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America Abstract The impaired mucociliary clearance in individuals with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) enables opportunistic pathogens to colonize CF lungs. Here we show that Rothia mucilaginosa is a common CF opportunist that was present in 83% of our patient cohort, almost as prevalent as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (89%). Sequencing of lung microbial metagenomes identified unique R. mucilaginosa strains in each patient, presumably due to evolution within the lung. The de novo assembly of a near-complete R. mucilaginosa (CF1E) genome illuminated a number of potential physiological adaptations to the CF lung, including antibiotic resistance, utilization of extracellular lactate, and modification of the type I restriction-modification system.
    [Show full text]
  • Rothia Mucilaginosa, Rarely Isolated Pathogen As an Etiological Factor of Infection of Soft Tissues in Young, Healthy Woman Roth
    ® Postepy Hig Med Dosw (online), 2013; 67: 1-5 www.phmd.pl e-ISSN 1732-2693 Case Report Received: 2012.05.30 Accepted: 2012.11.15 Rothia mucilaginosa, rarely isolated pathogen as an Published: 2013.01.11 etiological factor of infection of soft tissues in young, healthy woman Rothia mucilaginosa rzadko izolowany patogen jako czynnik etiologiczny zakażenia tkanek miękkich twarzy u młodej zdrowej kobiety Authors’ Contribution: Hanna Tomczak1A, Joanna Bilska-Stokłosa2B, Krzysztof Osmola2D, A Study Design Michał Marcinkowski2F, Wioleta Błażejewska1F, Katarzyna Myczko1F, B Data Collection 2D 2B C Statistical Analysis Bartosz Mańkowski , Iwetta Kaczmarek D Data Interpretation 1 E Manuscript Preparation Central Laboratory of Microbiology Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital of the Poznań University of Medical F Literature Search Sciences, Poland 2 G Funds Collection Department of Maxillofacial Surgery Heliodor Święcicki Clinical Hospital of the Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland Summary This paper presents a rare case of facial soft tissue infection caused by the bacterial strain of Rothia mucilaginosa. Odontogenic background of infection and initial clinical presentation suggested the presence of typical bacterial flora and uncomplicated course of treatment. However, despite surgical intervention and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy, the expected improvement of a cli- nical status was not achieved. Only detailed bacteriological examination allowed to establish a bacterial pathogen and start a targeted antibiotic therapy. The unusual clinical course was moni- tored by imaging CT examination and further surgical interventions. A significant improvement was obtained in the third week of hospitalization and further antibiotic therapy was continued by means of outpatient treatment. Rothia mucilaginosa infection together with dental intervention is a rare case, since most of the reports in the literature concern the patients with decreased im- munity.
    [Show full text]
  • Nitrate-Responsive Oral Microbiome Modulates Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Blood Pressure in Humans
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research @ Cardiff This is an Open Access document downloaded from ORCA, Cardiff University's institutional repository: http://orca.cf.ac.uk/111622/ This is the author’s version of a work that was submitted to / accepted for publication. Citation for final published version: Vanhatalo, Anni, Blackwell, Jamie, L'Heureux, Joanna, Williams, David, Smith, Ann, van der Giezen, Mark, Winyard, Paul, Kelly, James and Jones, Andrew 2018. Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide homeostasis and blood pressure in humans. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 124 , pp. 21-30. 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.078 file Publishers page: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.07... <https://doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.078> Please note: Changes made as a result of publishing processes such as copy-editing, formatting and page numbers may not be reflected in this version. For the definitive version of this publication, please refer to the published source. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite this paper. This version is being made available in accordance with publisher policies. See http://orca.cf.ac.uk/policies.html for usage policies. Copyright and moral rights for publications made available in ORCA are retained by the copyright holders. 1 Nitrate-responsive oral microbiome modulates nitric oxide 2 homeostasis and blood pressure in humans 3 4 Anni Vanhatalo1, Jamie R. Blackwell1, Joanna L’Heureux1, David W. Williams2, Ann 5 Smith3, Mark van der Giezen1, Paul G.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of the Lung Microbiome on Antibiotic Susceptibility of Cystic Fibrosis Pathogens
    LUNG SCIENCE CONFERENCE CYSTIC FIBROSIS Influence of the lung microbiome on antibiotic susceptibility of cystic fibrosis pathogens Eva Vandeplassche, Sarah Tavernier, Tom Coenye and Aurélie Crabbé Affiliation: Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. Correspondence: Aurélie Crabbé, Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] @ERSpublications Interspecies interactions in the lung microbiome may influence the outcome of antibiotic treatment targeted at cystic fibrosis pathogens http://bit.ly/2WQp0iQ Cite this article as: Vandeplassche E, Tavernier S, Coenye T, et al. Influence of the lung microbiome on antibiotic susceptibility of cystic fibrosis pathogens. Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28: 190041 [https://doi.org/ 10.1183/16000617.0041-2019]. ABSTRACT The lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are colonised by a microbial community comprised of pathogenic species, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, and microorganisms that are typically not associated with worse clinical outcomes (considered as commensals). Antibiotics directed at CF pathogens are often not effective and a discrepancy is observed between activity of these agents in vitro and in the patient. This review describes how interspecies interactions within the lung microbiome might influence the outcome of antibiotic treatment targeted at common CF pathogens. Protective mechanisms by members of the microbiome such as antibiotic degradation (indirect pathogenicity), alterations of the cell wall, production of matrix components decreasing antibiotic penetration, and changes in metabolism are discussed. Interspecies interactions that increase bacterial susceptibility are also addressed. Furthermore, we discuss how experimental conditions, such as culture media, oxygen levels, incorporation of host–pathogen interactions, and microbial community composition may influence the outcome of microbial interaction studies related to antibiotic activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Staphylococcus Species, Micrococcus Species and Rothia Species
    UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations Identification of Staphylococcus species, Micrococcus species and Rothia species This publication was created by Public Health England (PHE) in partnership with the NHS. Identification | ID 07 | Issue no: 4 | Issue date: 26.05.20 | Page: 1 of 26 © Crown copyright 2020 Identification of Staphylococcus species, Micrococcus species and Rothia species Acknowledgments UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations (UK SMIs) are developed under the auspices of PHE working in partnership with the National Health Service (NHS), Public Health Wales and with the professional organisations whose logos are displayed below and listed on the website https://www.gov.uk/uk-standards-for-microbiology- investigations-smi-quality-and-consistency-in-clinical-laboratories. UK SMIs are developed, reviewed and revised by various working groups which are overseen by a steering committee (see https://www.gov.uk/government/groups/standards-for- microbiology-investigations-steering-committee). The contributions of many individuals in clinical, specialist and reference laboratories who have provided information and comments during the development of this document are acknowledged. We are grateful to the medical editors for editing the medical content. PHE publications gateway number: GW-634 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations are produced in association with: Identification | ID 07 | Issue no: 4 | Issue date: 26.05.20 | Page: 2 of 26 UK Standards for Microbiology Investigations | Issued by the Standards Unit, Public
    [Show full text]
  • S41467-019-13549-9.Pdf
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-13549-9 OPEN A 5700 year-old human genome and oral microbiome from chewed birch pitch Theis Z.T. Jensen 1,2,10, Jonas Niemann1,2,10, Katrine Højholt Iversen 3,4,10, Anna K. Fotakis 1, Shyam Gopalakrishnan 1, Åshild J. Vågene1, Mikkel Winther Pedersen 1, Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding 1, Martin R. Ellegaard 1, Morten E. Allentoft1, Liam T. Lanigan1, Alberto J. Taurozzi1,Sofie Holtsmark Nielsen1, Michael W. Dee5, Martin N. Mortensen 6, Mads C. Christensen6, Søren A. Sørensen7, Matthew J. Collins1,8, M. Thomas P. Gilbert 1,9, Martin Sikora 1, Simon Rasmussen 4 & Hannes Schroeder 1* 1234567890():,; The rise of ancient genomics has revolutionised our understanding of human prehistory but this work depends on the availability of suitable samples. Here we present a complete ancient human genome and oral microbiome sequenced from a 5700 year-old piece of chewed birch pitch from Denmark. We sequence the human genome to an average depth of 2.3× and find that the individual who chewed the pitch was female and that she was genetically more closely related to western hunter-gatherers from mainland Europe than hunter-gatherers from central Scandinavia. We also find that she likely had dark skin, dark brown hair and blue eyes. In addition, we identify DNA fragments from several bacterial and viral taxa, including Epstein-Barr virus, as well as animal and plant DNA, which may have derived from a recent meal. The results highlight the potential of chewed birch pitch as a source of ancient DNA.
    [Show full text]
  • Bioorthogonal Non-Canonical Amino Acid Tagging Reveals Translationally Active Subpopulations of the Cystic fibrosis Lung Microbiota
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-16163-2 OPEN Bioorthogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging reveals translationally active subpopulations of the cystic fibrosis lung microbiota Talia D. Valentini 1,4, Sarah K. Lucas 1,4, Kelsey A. Binder1,4, Lydia C. Cameron1, Jason A. Motl2, ✉ Jordan M. Dunitz3 & Ryan C. Hunter 1 fi 1234567890():,; Culture-independent studies of cystic brosis lung microbiota have provided few mechanistic insights into the polymicrobial basis of disease. Deciphering the specific contributions of individual taxa to CF pathogenesis requires comprehensive understanding of their ecophy- siology at the site of infection. We hypothesize that only a subset of CF microbiota are translationally active and that these activities vary between subjects. Here, we apply bioor- thogonal non-canonical amino acid tagging (BONCAT) to visualize and quantify bacterial translational activity in expectorated sputum. We report that the percentage of BONCAT- labeled (i.e. active) bacterial cells varies substantially between subjects (6-56%). We use fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and genomic sequencing to assign taxonomy to BONCAT-labeled cells. While many abundant taxa are indeed active, most bacterial species detected by conventional molecular profiling show a mixed population of both BONCAT- labeled and unlabeled cells, suggesting heterogeneous growth rates in sputum. Differ- entiating translationally active subpopulations adds to our evolving understanding of CF lung disease and may help guide antibiotic therapies targeting bacteria most likely to be susceptible. 1 Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Minnesota, 689 23rd Avenue SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States. 2 Academic Health Center, University Flow Cytometry Resource, University of Minnesota, 6th St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
    [Show full text]
  • 323C950e4135eb873c5e06ee2f
    Journal of Clinical Medicine Article Characterization of Microbiota in Bronchiectasis Patients with Different Disease Severities Sang Hoon Lee 1 , YeonJoo Lee 2, Jong Sun Park 2, Young-Jae Cho 2, Ho Il Yoon 2, Choon-Taek Lee 2 and Jae Ho Lee 2,* 1 Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Institute of Chest Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 120-752, Korea; [email protected] 2 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, 82 Gumi-ro, 173 Beon-gil, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Korea; [email protected] (Y.L.); [email protected] (J.S.P.); [email protected] (Y.-J.C.); [email protected] (H.I.Y.); [email protected] (C.-T.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-317-877-054 Received: 10 October 2018; Accepted: 6 November 2018; Published: 9 November 2018 Abstract: The applications of the 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing has expanded our knowledge of the respiratory tract microbiome originally obtained using conventional, culture-based methods. In this study, we employed DNA-based molecular techniques for examining the sputum microbiome in bronchiectasis patients, in relation to disease severity. Of the sixty-three study subjects, forty-two had mild and twenty-one had moderate or severe bronchiectasis, which was classified by calculating the FACED score, based on the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 s, %) (F, 0–2 points), age (A, 0–2 points), chronic colonization by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (C, 0–1 point), radiographic extension (E, 0–1 point), and dyspnoea (D, 0–1 point).
    [Show full text]
  • Antibiotic Resistance Genes in the Actinobacteria Phylum
    European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (2019) 38:1599–1624 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03580-5 REVIEW Antibiotic resistance genes in the Actinobacteria phylum Mehdi Fatahi-Bafghi1 Received: 4 March 2019 /Accepted: 1 May 2019 /Published online: 27 June 2019 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract The Actinobacteria phylum is one of the oldest bacterial phyla that have a significant role in medicine and biotechnology. There are a lot of genera in this phylum that are causing various types of infections in humans, animals, and plants. As well as antimicrobial agents that are used in medicine for infections treatment or prevention of infections, they have been discovered of various genera in this phylum. To date, resistance to antibiotics is rising in different regions of the world and this is a global health threat. The main purpose of this review is the molecular evolution of antibiotic resistance in the Actinobacteria phylum. Keywords Actinobacteria . Antibiotics . Antibiotics resistance . Antibiotic resistance genes . Phylum Brief introduction about the taxonomy chemical taxonomy: in this method, analysis of cell wall and of Actinobacteria whole cell compositions such as various sugars, amino acids, lipids, menaquinones, proteins, and etc., are studied [5]. (ii) One of the oldest phyla in the bacteria domain that have a Phenotypic classification: there are various phenotypic tests significant role in medicine and biotechnology is the phylum such as the use of conventional and specific staining such as Actinobacteria [1, 2]. In this phylum, DNA contains G + C Gram stain, partially acid-fast, acid-fast (Ziehl-Neelsen stain rich about 50–70%, non-motile (Actinosynnema pretiosum or Kinyoun stain), and methenamine silver staining; morphol- subsp.
    [Show full text]
  • Non Commercial Use Only
    Infectious Disease Reports 2016; volume 8:6320 First report of acute This complication often occurs sporadically, and in such situations, the common source of Correspondence: Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa, postoperative endophthalmitis infection may be due to the conjunctival flora UGC Oftalmología, Hospital Universitario Virgen caused by Rothia mucilaginosa of the patient. The major pathogens are coagu- Macarena, AV/Fedriani sn, 41010 Sevilla, Spain. after phacoemulsification lase-negative staphylococci (70%), Tel.: +34.606.461164. Staphylococcus aureus (10%), streptococci E-mail: [email protected] Pablo Álvarez-Ramos,1 (9%), other Gram-positive cocci, including enterococci and mixed bacteria (5%), and Key words: Rothia mucilaginosa; endophthalmi- Amparo Del Moral-Ariza,1 tis; phacoemulsification; cataract; biofilm; Gram-negative bacilli (6%). The fact that José M. Alonso-Maroto,1 intraocular lens. Gram-positive bacteria cause >95% of the Pilar Marín-Casanova,2 cases reflect the usual pathogenesis, i.e. con- José M. Calandria-Amigueti,1 Acknowledgements: the Universitario Virgen tamination of the aqueous humor with skin Macarena Hospital is a clinical associated center Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias,2 bacteria flora during surgery.1 However, of the Network: RETICS RD12/0034 1,3 Enrique Rodríguez de la Rúa unusual germs causing the infection are Enfermedades Oculares. “Prevención, detección 1Ophthalmology Unit, University Hospital sometimes isolated and should be suspected in precoz y tratamiento de la patología ocular preva- Puerta del
    [Show full text]