Central Provinces and Berar
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME X Central Provinces and Berar Part I-REPORT BY J. T. MARTEN. M.A .. I.C.S .. Superintendent of CenSllS Operations, Central Provinces and Bcrar CALCUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERN"MENT PRINTING, INDIA 1912 TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE• . Map of the Central Provinces and Berar Frontispiece. Introduction ito v CHAPTER I-DISTRIBUTION OF THE POPULATION~ ~ Description of the Provinces-Area, Population and -Density-Towns and Villages-Houses and Families 1 · Subsidiary Tables 24 CHAPTER II-MoVEMENT OF THE POPULATION. Conditions of the present and previous decades-The Registration of Vital Statis tics-Variations in the Population in the Province and each Natural Division 28 Subsidiary Tables 45 CHAPTER III-MIGRATION. Extra Provincial and Intra Provincial Migration 4\J ·Subsidiary Tables 55 CHAPTER IV-RELIGION. Distribution of religions-Races and Sects of Christians-Hinduism-Hindu sects-The Ritual of daily worship-Periodic worship-Special forms of wor- ship and Sacrifice. The worship of the Earth goddess . 61 Subsidiary Tables 92 CHAPTER V-AGE. 'l'he accuracy of the return-Present age distribution-Mean age-Effects of malaria on the monthly birth rates 97 · Subsidiary Tables 103 CHAPTER VI-SEX. Proportion of sexes in different localities etc.-Accuracy of statistics-Influence of famine and local customs-Summary of conclusions 113 Subsidiary Tables • - . 120 ~I\.ppendix-Special enquiry into the size and sex constitution of the family in the Central Provinces 125 CHAPTER VII-CIVIL CmmITloN. General summary of the statistics-Conditions of marriage among Hindus and \.. Animists--Terms of Relationship-Birth-custums. 130 Subsidiary Tables 161 CHAPTER VIII-LITERACY. J!jx.tent of literacy-Literacy among Females-Literacy in English 171 Subsidiary Tables 176 CHAPTER IX-LANGUAGE . .Accuracy of the statistics-The Principal Vernaculars of the Pl'ovinces-Hindi Marathi-Gondi. Other Venaculars anci dialects. The displacement of Aryan languages . 185 Subsidiary Tables 19.6 CHAPTER X-INFIRMITIES. General discussion of Statistics-Insanity-·Deaf-1'Iutism-Blindness-Leprosy 198 Subsidiary Tables 207 CHAPTER XI-CASTE. The accuracy of the returns and tables of caste-Castes discussed under their occupational groups 210 Subsidiary Tables . 2;$,1. Appendix-Panchayats or Caste and Tribal Councils 236 CHAP'l'ER XII-OCCUPATION. The accuracy of the return-'l'he system of classification of occupations-Workers and dependents-Occupations of women-Occupations di~cussed under their classes, orders and groups-Special statistics of industrial occupations-The distribution of wealth in the Provinces . 241 ..Subsidiary Tables 259 1 ... Prortn'~ Boundar!... .. .. ..,.--,,_ .. Dis/ricl. ... " ... ....' .,..-_._._ ~ Tahsli" . 11 " • •• '. ."" "" Siale .... II • • •• ,. ______ ._ Dlifrit/ ... " ' .. " ".D NAGPijR Tahsil. ". , """ ,,0 ~'eiu?ur S. 3akfi Town, 0 Kurrplee C. CnnUlKhoQan Railway comp/eled, "'"'' *+t+'II+""" ,Do:, .Pro/'ecled., ,,, ..... ~"' ... 'CENSUS OF INDIA, 1911 VOLUME X Central Provinces and Berar ,Part I-REPORT BY J. T. MARTEN. M.A.• I.C.S.• Superintendent of Census Operations, Central Provinces and Berar CALCUTTA SUPERINTENDENT GOVERNMENT PRINTING, INDIA 1912 AgeNts for tlte Sate of Books publisJzed by tlze Superintendent of Government Printing, India, Calclltta. IN THE UXITED KIXGDO~[. P. S. KIKG & SON, ;2 and +, Great Smith Street, ']If[HKi':I:, 8PlxK & Co., Caleutb and Simla. Westminster, London, S. \V. :\' ur .\1.1:; & Co., Cn !(:utta. KEGAN PAn, TRE\CIf, l 'RUB\EI\ & Co., (is-H, R. C \ 11m: IY & Cu" C,d,·llttn.. C:uier htlll), 11ol1(loll, KC. 8. K. [j·\.illiil &: ('(l., C'alentta. BERNAltD QlTARlTCll, 11, Graftoll Street, New Bond i B. RINI':ILfFE & Co., Calnltta. Street, LOlldon, W. '. I 'rm·. C,U·CI'T'I'A SCIIOOL BOOK .\\'1) USEI·TL LIT1WATURE H. S. KING & Co., 65, Combill, and 9, Pall IIfall j i .00l:H1Y, :)()~, Bow llaz:lt' Stl'l:et, Caleutta. London. ' BO'I"J'EllWUI\TIT & Co. (['11:1:\1, LD., Cal ('11 tt:t. i GJt1\,DLH & Co., 54, ])arliament Street, London, : 'I'll]; WI·;LI10'i LlIlIUllY, ] "i-ri, Chowringbee, Calcutta. S.W. : HIGUINBOTfIUf & Co., l\L,(iras. T. FrSHElt UNWIN, 1, Adelphi Tel'l'aee, LOlldon,: Y. K.HX\'iH:\'\\\ lYEH. & Co., MatlraR. W.C. G. A. NATESH & Co., Madras. W. '1'J1ACKER & Co., 2, Creed Lane, T.1ondon, KC'. I s. ::\ll:llTlIl & Co., l\larlras. LUZAC & Co., Mi, Great Russell Street, London, 'l'][():I1I'SO;>; & Co., l\fa(ll':Ls. W.C. 'l'LIIPT.l:: & (:0., ::\fa(lras. OLIHR & BOlD, Tweecldale Court, Edinburgh. CmrnHfll(m & Co., Madras. CONSTABLg & Co., 10, Ora,nge Street, LeieC'titer P. It U \\1.\ In:R & C()., ~h(ll'as. Squa.re, 1.1011(1011, ·W.C. TlI:\CKi':lt & Co., 11;)" Bllll1l1ay. B. J-I. ])LACKWELL, 50 :lIl<l fl1, Broad Stred, Oxford. D. B. 'l'lltAI'OIiErAU, Ho\s &Co., Bumbay. DmUII'I'ON BELL & Co., C;JmLl'itlge. A . .T. COIIBHlIlI;Jo: & Co., HllUb:I,Y. E. 1'(lX,ONBY, Ld., lJ 0, Grafton Sired, Duhlin. ' H.·lnn \ R II ;\nLIll.Ul :-; \(;(I(l:\, l\(lmbav. ::-))':11>.\]( Jl\~IIl!H.'\.\G, BUlllhay. ' i GOP.IL X.H:A'l.n & Co., RIJll~ba\·. n 1 \I CIIANIIIl.\ (Jon \1) & :-;0;>;, 'Kalh;llievi, RomlJav. N. H. ::\[.I·IIIUR, Slljltll'intl'llJclIi, Nazair-Kallllll lEnd l'l'e~~. AllahaLad. RAl S.\II1B }[. GULAIl SI\'GII & So:-;:-;, \[utid-i-Am ON 1'HE COXTIXENT. l'rc~s, Laborc and C,ti(·utta. A. CILt\,U & Co., Lahole. SI;l'l';Bl\,TEXDE:\T, ..\..11 LltlC.\\ B.H'rlsT IJR1,os R. FRIEDLANDElt & SOlI"', Berlin, W. N. Car1strasse, 11. :\IrssToN "~" OTTO HARltASSOWI'I'''', Leil,zig, Germany. Rangoon. K.U\L W. HIliHS:EJIAN\, Leipzig', Germanv. A, M. & J. FmtGu~ox, Colombo, Ceylon. EnxEs'I' 11LltO';X, ;2::;, Hue Botlaparte, Par'is, France. ~. C. T.ILUK \J:\.ll, Proprietur, 8tud.el~ts awl Company M.HVl'INUS NUHOFP, 'rhe Hague, Holland. Cooch Behar. ; , INTRODUCTION. During the decade 1901-1910 the province of Berar was amalgamated eRANGIIS AFFECTING THII with the Oentral Provinces under the control of one CENSUS ORGANIZATION. Local Administration. The arrangements of the eensus of the combined Provinces, hitherto directed by two distinct Superinten dents, were placed under the supervision of one Officer calleel the Superinten dent of Oensus Operations of the Central Provinces and Berar. Besides the addition of Berar, the only other important territorial changes affecting the organisation of census operations in the Provinces were the loss of the larger part of the district of Sambalpur, the redistribution' of the remaining teTritory of the Ohhattisgarh Division between the districts of Raipur, Bilaspur and Drug, the transfer of part of the Chanda district to Madras and the transfer to Bengal of the five Oriya States of Bamra, Rairakhol, Sonpur, Patna and Kalahandi in exchange for five Hindi States of the Ohota Nagpur Agency, 1)iz., Surguja, Jashpur, Udaipur, Korea and Ohang Bhakar. So far as the organisation of census operations was concerned the net effect of these territorial changes was the addition of fifteen thousand square miles and a population of two millions. The territory for which census arrangements had to be made. consisted, therefore, of the 18 British districts of the Oentral Provinces, the four districts of Berar alld 15 Feudatory States. The fifth census of this province was taken on the night of 10th March CENSUS ORGAXIZATION AND 1911 and a full account of the procedure adopted CENSUS OFFICERS. for the enumeration of the people and the compila- tion of the results has been given in a separate report called the ~s Administration Report. rrhe procedure was closely modelled on that of 1901. Owing to the general ffiiteracy of the population the European method of census-taking by which the enumeration of each household is placed in the hands of the head of the house is impossible, and an elaborate census agency has each time to be appointed and trained. As in previous censuses there were three principal grades of census officers, the Enumerator, the Supervisor and the Charge Superintendent. The actual filling up of the schedule for a block of· about 50 houses was carried out by the enumerator of the block, 1yho was usually some literate and intelligent resident of the village in which the block was situated; while the supervisor and the charge superintendent were responsible for the census organisation in their circles and charges respectively, a circle containing on an average about twelve blocks and a charge about fifteen circles. In the Oentral Provinces the Land Revenue staff is the backbone of the census-- organisation, and it was usually possible to constitute the Revenue Inspector's circle a census charge and the Patwari's circle a census circle under the direction of these officers. Above these again is the Tahsil staff, each Tahsildar having three or four Revenue Inspectors' circles within his area Of jurisdiction, and over the whole district organisation presided the Deputy Commissioner with .his staff of Assistants, of whom some, as Sub-divisional Officers, hold definite areas of administra"tion and one was usually placed in special charge of the district arrangements as District Census Officer. In the 18 British districts of the Central Provinces, each village had on the average two enumerators. In each supervisor's circle there were eleven blocks and each ~arge superintendent had an average of fifteen supervisors under him. ii INTRODUCTION. Each Feudatory State, as a rule, formed a charge, but the larger states such as Bastar had as many as 20 charge superintendents. In those states in which the Central Provinces Land Revenue system has been introduced the patwari circle formed the census circle and in the others villages were !?:rouped into arbitrarily constituted census circles, subject to considerations of popula tion and area. The latter system was also adopted in Berar where the patwari has no definite circle of jurisdiction.