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Common Threads Structural Issues in Historic Buildings By Craig M. Bennett, Jr., P.E. Charleston, South Carolina is blessed with historic structures. Eighteenth and nineteenth century houses, churches and civic buildings adorn every block. The city has ® interesting challenges for the structural engineer… the east coast’s largest earthquake, hurricanes, city-wide fires and poor soils have put buildings and their designers to the test. Because the primary structural materials found here, soil, masonry, timber and iron, are the same as those used everywhere over the last three centuries, struc- tural issues common to buildings in Charleston are found in historic buildings all over the nation. Buildings move due to consolidation of soils; masonry cracks; lime leaches out of mortar; timber creeps under stress and rots when faced with water intrusion and iron corrodes. The only threat not severe here is a regular freeze- thaw cycle. Copyright A look at a few of these historic structuresCopyright© and a comparison of their behavior with that of other buildings found around the southeast will show the similarities in the Pompion Hill Chapel, Huger, SC - 1763 issues the preservation engineer faces. Replacement of the failed trusses in 1751 - St. Michael’s had settled several inches and had been kind would have been appropriate from Episcopal Church, severely fractured. After 1989’s Hurri- a preservation standpoint, but exact cane Hugo, we had had to straighten the replacement timber members would Charleston, South Carolina top 50 feet, the timber spire. We were have, in time, failed under load like the Construction on the brick masonry for also aware that we had potential lateral original. -
Sealing Air Leaks and Adding Attic Insulation
For more information United States Office of Air and Radiation www.energystar.gov. Environmental (6202A) EPA 430-F-04-024 Protection Agency July 2016 Recycled/Recyclable – Printed with Vegetable Oil Based Inks on Recycled Paper (Minimum 50% Post-consumer Content) A DO-IT-YOURSELF GUIDE TO SEALING AND INSULATING WITH ENERGY STAR® SEALING AIR LEAKS AND ADDING ATTIC INSULATION CONTENTS Locating Air Leaks 1.2 Getting Started 1.4 Sealing Attic Air Leaks 1.6 Additional Sources of Air Leaks 2.1 Sealing Basement Air Leaks 3.1 Adding Attic Insulation 4.1 Sealing and Insulating your home is When you see products or services with ® one of the most cost-effective ways the ENERGY STAR label, you know they to make a home more comfortable meet strict energy efficiency guidelines and energy efficient—and you can set by the U.S. Environmental Protection do it yourself. Agency (EPA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Since using less energy Use This Guide To: reduces greenhouse gas emissions and improves air quality, choosing ENERGY 1. Learn how to find and seal hidden STAR is one way you can do your part to attic and basement air leaks protect our planet for future generations. 2. Determine if your attic insulation is adequate, and learn how to For more information visit: add more www.energystar.gov. 3. Make sure your improvements The U.S. EPA wishes to thank The Family are done safely Handyman Magazine for their contribution 4. Reduce energy bills and help of photographs and content for this guide. -
LP Solidstart LVL Technical Guide
U.S. Technical Guide L P S o l i d S t a r t LV L Technical Guide 2900Fb-2.0E Please verify availability with the LP SolidStart Engineered Wood Products distributor in your area prior to specifying these products. Introduction Designed to Outperform Traditional Lumber LP® SolidStart® Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is a vast SOFTWARE FOR EASY, RELIABLE DESIGN improvement over traditional lumber. Problems that naturally occur as Our design/specification software enhances your in-house sawn lumber dries — twisting, splitting, checking, crowning and warping — design capabilities. It ofers accurate designs for a wide variety of are greatly reduced. applications with interfaces for printed output or plotted drawings. Through our distributors, we ofer component design review services THE STRENGTH IS IN THE ENGINEERING for designs using LP SolidStart Engineered Wood Products. LP SolidStart LVL is made from ultrasonically and visually graded veneers arranged in a specific pattern to maximize the strength and CODE EVALUATION stifness of the veneers and to disperse the naturally occurring LP SolidStart Laminated Veneer Lumber has been evaluated for characteristics of wood, such as knots, that can weaken a sawn lumber compliance with major US building codes. For the most current code beam. The veneers are then bonded with waterproof adhesives under reports, contact your LP SolidStart Engineered Wood Products pressure and heat. LP SolidStart LVL beams are exceptionally strong, distributor, visit LPCorp.com or for: solid and straight, making them excellent for most primary load- • ICC-ES evaluation report ESR-2403 visit www.icc-es.org carrying beam applications. • APA product report PR-L280 visit www.apawood.org LP SolidStart LVL 2900F -2.0E: AVAILABLE SIZES b FRIEND TO THE ENVIRONMENT LP SolidStart LVL 2900F -2.0E is available in a range of depths and b LP SolidStart LVL is a building material with built-in lengths, and is available in standard thicknesses of 1-3/4" and 3-1/2". -
The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: the Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry Versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry
Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 5 Issue 2 135-172 2015 The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry Nelly Shafik Ramzy Sinai University Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Ramzy, Nelly Shafik. "The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 5, 2 (2015): 135-172. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol5/iss2/7 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Ramzy The Dual Language of Geometry in Gothic Architecture: The Symbolic Message of Euclidian Geometry versus the Visual Dialogue of Fractal Geometry By Nelly Shafik Ramzy, Department of Architectural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Sinai University, El Masaeed, El Arish City, Egypt 1. Introduction When performing geometrical analysis of historical buildings, it is important to keep in mind what were the intentions -
Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork*
$UFKLWHFWXUDO Bork, R 2014 Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric +LVWRULHV Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design. Architectural Histories, 2(1): 14, pp. 1-20, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ah.bq RESEARCH ARTICLE Dynamic Unfolding and the Conventions of Procedure: Geometric Proportioning Strategies in Gothic Architectural Design Robert Bork* This essay explores the proportioning strategies used by Gothic architects. It argues that Gothic design practice involved conventions of procedure, governing the dynamic unfolding of successive geometrical steps. Because this procedure proves difficult to capture in words, and because it produces forms with a qualitatively different kind of architectural order than the more familiar conventions of classical design, which govern the proportions of the final building rather than the logic of the steps used in creating it, Gothic design practice has been widely misunderstood since the Renaissance. Although some authors in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries attempted to sympathetically explain Gothic geometry, much of this work has been dismissed as unreliable, especially in the influential work of Konrad Hecht. This essay seeks to put the study of Gothic proportion onto a new and firmer foundation, by using computer-aided design software to analyze the geometry of carefully measured buildings and original design drawings. Examples under consideration include the parish church towers of Ulm and Freiburg, and the cross sections of the cathedrals of Reims, Prague, and Clermont-Ferrand, and of the Cistercian church at Altenberg. Introduction of historic monuments to be studied with new rigor. It is Discussion of proportion has a curiously vexed status in finally becoming possible, therefore, to speak with reason- the literature on Gothic architecture. -
Steel Joists and Joist Girders
Steel Joists and Joist Girders • Fully updated to SJI 43rd Edition Standard Specifications • Load and weight tables for K, LH, DLH-Series and Joist Girders • Economical Design Guide load tables for lowest cost joist selection Introduction Table of Contents General JoistGeneral Introduction to Products and Services ....................................... 2 Information General Joist Information ......................................................... 7 SJI Bridging Tables Standard Joist Details Design Guide Sloped Seat Requirements Economical Standard and Special Joist Profiles Duct Opening Sizes Standard Bridging Details OSHA Highlights Ext., K-Series Top Chord Top Standard Joist Girder Details and Notes Load Zone Joists Bill of Materials Instructions Bill of Materials Joist Substitutes & Outriggers Economical Design Guide .......................................................26 LRFD and ASD Design Advantages Definition of Span Economical Load Tables KCS Joists KCS Top Chord Extensions, K-Series .............................................. 67 Joist Substitutes and Outriggers, K-Series ...............................70 Load Tables Load Tables KCS Joists ................................................................................ 74 Joist LRFD Joist LRFD Load Tables ............................................................78 K-Series LH-Series Load Tables DLH-Series Joist ASD Joist ASD Load Tables ............................................................ 91 K-Series LH-Series Tables Weight Load/Load DLH-Series Pages identified -
The Joinery Collection About Us Howdens Joinery Is the UK’S Largest Manufacturer and Supplier of Fitted Kitchens, Appliances and Joinery Products
The Joinery Collection About Us Howdens Joinery is the UK’s largest manufacturer and supplier of fitted kitchens, appliances and joinery products. We are a trusted, trade-only business that has been selling to trade professionals since 1995. Last year we supplied over 400,000 kitchens, 2.5 million doors and 770,000 appliances to UK homes. Our products are available from stock in over 650 depots throughout the UK, and in each depot, trained designers are on hand to support you and your builder. We do not endorse trade professionals directly, but to find a builder near you, talk to your local Howdens Joinery depot or visit www.howdens.com/about-us/find-a-local-builder Our product range We have over 75 door styles to choose from including internal, sliding wardrobe, external, French and garage doors. We also offer quality joinery products, from hardware and stair parts, to skirting and timber or laminate flooring - plus the tools, fixings and accessories that you need to install them. There is an enormous choice of joinery products for all kinds of renovation, refurbishment and new build projects. To find out more about Howdens Joinery, contact your local builder or visit www.howdens.com Pricing and Aftersales To see our Pricing and Aftersales policy, please visit: www.howdens.com/about-us/howdens-pricing-and-aftersales-policy Copyright © 2018 Howden Joinery Ltd. All rights reserved. Contents A truly local business 02 Flooring 144 Howdens & the history of doors 03 Flooring accessories 165 Howdens door visualiser 04 The Burford joinery collection -
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd
Jan Lewandoski Restoration and Traditional Building 92 Old Pasture Rd. Greensboro Bend , Vermont 05842 802-533-2561; 802-274-4318 [email protected] May 7, 2020 The Granville Town Hall, Granville Vermont A Preservation Trust of Vermont Technical Assistance Survey The Granville Town Hall is a tall 2-story, white, clapboarded structure located on the west side of Rt. 100 at the center of Town. It was first built as a church in 1871. It is currently attached to the Town Offices, which are located in the Town’s 1857 schoolhouse. The Town Hall probably started life sitting on a stone foundation on the ground. At a later date the church was lifted and had the current first floor added beneath it. The doorway appears to be of the original period of the church (1871), and to have been relocated to the new lower story. The original tower may have been only the first square section, but at some later date the second square and spire were likely added. I base this observation on fact that the second square section of the tower, and the spire, don’t start within the first section as is usually done (telescoping), but just sit on top of it. The architectural style is vernacular Greek Revival. Characteristic of this are the wide pilasters, closed pediment, and wide double frieze. There is an interesting projection, reflecting the position of the tower or a porch for the doorway, on the middle of the front wall. This is seen occasionally on Vermont churches. The Town Hall is of timber frame construction, spruce and hemlock, and measures about 36 x 48 in plan. -
Manual of First & Second Fixing Carpentry
Manual of First & Second Fixing Carpentry Second Edition This page intentionally left blank Manual of First & Second Fixing Carpentry Second Edition Les Goring FIOC, LCG, FTC Associate of the Chartered Institute of Building Former Senior Lecturer in Wood Trades at Hastings College of Arts and Technology Drawings by the author AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON • NEW YORK • OXFORD PARIS • SAN DIEGO • SAN FRANCISCO • SINGAPORE • SYDNEY • TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann is an imprint of Elsevier Ltd Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP 30 Corporate Road, Burlington, MA 01803 First edition 1998 Reprinted 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004 (twice) 2005 Second edition 2007 Copyright © 2007, Les Goring. Published by Elsevier Limited. All rights reserved The right of Les Goring to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher Permission may be sought directly from Elsevier’s Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone (ϩ44) (0) 1865 843830; fax (ϩ44) (0) 1865 853333; email: [email protected]. Alternatively you can submit your request online by visiting the Elsevier web site at http://elsevier.com/locate/permissions, and selecting Obtaining permission to use Elsevier material Notice No responsibility is assumed by the publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein. -
Technical Notes
Strong-Rod™ Systems SEISMIC AND WIND RESTRAINT SYSTEMS GUIDE 800-999-5099 | www.strongtie.com Seismic and High-Wind Restraint Systems NEES-Soft test validates seismic retrofit solutions for soft-story buildings. Your Full-Solution Partner Simpson Strong-Tie introduces the Strong-Rod™ continuous rod tiedown system for light-frame, multi-story wood construction. Our Strong-Rod Anchor Tiedown System for shearwall overturning restraint and Strong-Rod Uplift Restraint System for roofs address many of the design challenges speciically associated with multi-story buildings that must withstand seismic activity or wind events. Multi-story structures require a variety of special design considerations, and having a reliable, highly knowledgeable design partner is critical to keeping projects on time and within budget. No company knows light- frame wood construction better than Simpson Strong-Tie, and we have everything you need to design your building. Code-listed components and systems that come with unmatched testing and design expertise are your formula for success. Let Simpson Strong-Tie be your partner in designing the safest building possible with materials suited speciically for the application, making installation easier and costs lower. To ind out how we can help you, visit us at www.strongtie.com/srscontact or call 800-999-5099. Company Proile For nearly 60 years, Simpson Strong-Tie has focused on creating structural products that help people build safer and stronger homes and buildings. A leader in structural systems research and technology, Simpson Strong-Tie is one of the largest suppliers of structural building products in the world. The Simpson Strong-Tie commitment to product development, engineering, testing and training is evident in the consistent quality and delivery of its products and services. -
A Guide to Lesser Known Tropical Timber Species July 2013 Annual Repo Rt 2012 1 Wwf/Gftn Guide to Lesser Known Tropical Timber Species
A GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES JULY 2013 ANNUAL REPO RT 2012 1 WWF/GFTN GUIDE TO LESSER KNOWN TROPICAL TIMBER SPECIES BACKGROUND: BACKGROUND: The heavy exploitation of a few commercially valuable timber species such as Harvesting and sourcing a wider portfolio of species, including LKTS would help Mahogany (Swietenia spp.), Afrormosia (Pericopsis elata), Ramin (Gonostylus relieve pressure on the traditionally harvested and heavily exploited species. spp.), Meranti (Shorea spp.) and Rosewood (Dalbergia spp.), due in major part The use of LKTS, in combination with both FSC certification, and access to high to the insatiable demand from consumer markets, has meant that many species value export markets, could help make sustainable forest management a more are now threatened with extinction. This has led to many of the tropical forests viable alternative in many of WWF’s priority places. being plundered for these highly prized species. Even in forests where there are good levels of forest management, there is a risk of a shift in species composition Markets are hard to change, as buyers from consumer countries often aren’t in natural forest stands. This over-exploitation can also dissuade many forest willing to switch from purchasing the traditional species which they know do managers from obtaining Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for the job for the products that they are used in, and for which there is already their concessions, as many of these high value species are rarely available in a healthy market. To enable the market for LKTS, there is an urgent need to sufficient quantity to cover all of the associated costs of certification. -
Making a Ladle Drew Langsner Offers a Step-By-Step Guide to Making a Ladle with a Few Tools
Project Spoon Carving The diamond section on the stem looks and feels good Making a ladle Drew Langsner offers a step-by-step guide to making a ladle with a few tools wedish woodworker Wille Sundqvist introduced me to spoon carving on a serendipitous visit to our mountain Sfarmstead in 1976. Wille was in the US as the curator and demonstrator for an exhibit of traditional Swedish handcrafts in New York City. When the exhibit closed, a mutual friend led Wille on You should be able to achieve a winding path from Vermont to southern most of the shaping with an axe Appalachia to meet American woodworkers. We were among the fortunate few to meet this tall, thin Viking with a sheath knife hanging from his belt. Where to start This was woodworking that fits my life. I was hooked on sloyd and believed that it was an approach worth spreading in this country. We invited Wille back, and his classes in Carving Swedish Woodenware were the start of Country Workshops’ course in traditional woodworking in 1978. As with most types of woodworking, there are many traditional and contemporary approaches to carving a spoon. A great deal depends on what tools and materials are available. For this article I will emphasize traditional, hand carved techniques, but I won’t feel compelled to stay strictly within the old methods. The tool kit can be kept simple and portable – perfect for taking on a vacation. Spoon carving utilises some very sharp tools that can cause serious injuries. Because these tools are used free hand – they are not jigged or fenced – it is woodworker strived to develop his skills with axes, a The finer work cleaning up the blank is done with a small axe, chipping away the bark.