DOCSLIB.ORG

Imazapyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Imazapyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT SERA TR-052-29-03a Imazapyr Human Health and Ecological Risk Assessment FINAL REPORT Submitted to: Paul Mistretta, COR USDA/Forest Service, Southern Region 1720 Peachtree RD, NW Atlanta, Georgia 30309 USDA Forest Service Contract: AG-3187-C-06-0010 USDA Forest Order Number: AG-43ZP-D-11-0012 SERA Internal Task No. 52-29 Submitted by: Patrick R. Durkin Syracuse Environmental Research Associates, Inc. 8125 Solomon Seal Manlius, New York 13104 E-Mail: [email protected] Home Page: www.sera-inc.com December 16, 2011 Table of Contents LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ vii LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................................... vii ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS .............................................................. viii COMMON UNIT CONVERSIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS .................................................... x CONVERSION OF SCIENTIFIC NOTATION ........................................................................... xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... xii 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Chemical Specific Information ............................................................................................ 1 1.2. General Information ............................................................................................................. 3 2. PROGRAMS DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................... 5 2.1. Overview .............................................................................................................................. 5 2.2. Chemical Description and Commercial Formulations ......................................................... 5 2.3. Application Methods ............................................................................................................ 7 2.3.1. Terrestrial Applications ................................................................................................ 7 2.3.2. Aquatic Applications .................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Mixing and Application Rates ............................................................................................. 9 2.4.1. Terrestrial Broadcast Applications ............................................................................... 9 2.4.2. Spot (Foliar) Treatments ............................................................................................. 10 2.4.3. Cut Surface and Basal Bark Treatments ..................................................................... 10 2.4.4. Aquatic Applications .................................................................................................. 10 2.5. Use Statistics ...................................................................................................................... 11 3. HUMAN HEALTH .................................................................................................................. 13 3.1. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION ........................................................................................ 13 3.1.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.2. Mechanism of Action .................................................................................................. 13 3.1.3. Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism ............................................................................. 14 3.1.3.1. General Considerations ........................................................................................ 14 3.1.3.2. Absorption............................................................................................................ 15 3.1.3.3. Excretion .............................................................................................................. 16 3.1.4. Acute Oral Toxicity .................................................................................................... 18 3.1.4.1. Experimental Mammals ....................................................................................... 18 3.1.4.2. Case Reports (Human Poisoning) ........................................................................ 19 3.1.5. Subchronic or Chronic Systemic Toxic Effects .......................................................... 20 3.1.6. Effects on Nervous System ......................................................................................... 21 3.1.7. Effects on Immune System ......................................................................................... 23 3.1.8. Effects on Endocrine System ...................................................................................... 23 3.1.9. Reproductive and Developmental Effects .................................................................. 24 ii 3.1.9.1. Developmental Studies ........................................................................................ 24 3.1.9.2. Reproduction Studies ........................................................................................... 25 3.1.10. Carcinogenicity and Mutagenicity ............................................................................ 25 3.1.11.1. Mutagenicity ..................................................................................................... 25 3.1.11.2. Carcinogenicity .................................................................................................. 26 3.1.11. Irritation and Sensitization (Effects on the Skin and Eyes) ...................................... 26 3.1.11.1. Skin Irritation ..................................................................................................... 26 3.1.11.2. Skin Sensitization............................................................................................... 27 3.1.11.3. Ocular Effects .................................................................................................... 27 3.1.12. Systemic Toxic Effects from Dermal Exposure ....................................................... 28 3.1.13. Inhalation Exposure .................................................................................................. 28 3.1.14. Adjuvants and Other Ingredients .............................................................................. 29 3.1.14.1. Other Ingredients ........................................................................................... 29 3.1.14.2. Adjuvants ....................................................................................................... 30 3.1.15. Impurities and Metabolites ....................................................................................... 30 3.1.15.1. Metabolites ......................................................................................................... 30 3.1.15.2. Impurities ........................................................................................................... 31 3.1.16. Toxicological Interactions ........................................................................................ 31 3.2. EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT .......................................................................................... 32 3.2.1. Overview ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.2.2. Workers ....................................................................................................................... 33 3.2.2.1. General Exposures ............................................................................................... 33 3.2.2.1.1. Terrestrial Applications ................................................................................ 33 3.2.2.1.2. Aquatic Applications .................................................................................... 34 3.2.2.2. Accidental Exposures........................................................................................... 35 3.2.3. General Public ........................................................................................................... 36 3.2.3.1. General Considerations ........................................................................................ 36 3.2.3.1.1. Likelihood and Magnitude of Exposure ....................................................... 36 3.2.3.1.2. Summary of Assessments ............................................................................. 37 3.2.3.2. Direct Spray ......................................................................................................... 37 3.2.3.3. Dermal Contact with Contaminated Vegetation .................................................. 38 3.2.3.4. Contaminated Water ............................................................................................ 38 3.2.3.4.1. Accidental Spill ............................................................................................. 38 3.2.3.4.2. Accidental Direct Spray/drift for a Pond or Stream ...................................... 39 3.2.3.4.3. GLEAMS Modeling.....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid
    2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid IUPAC (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid name 2,4-D Other hedonal names trinoxol Identifiers CAS [94-75-7] number SMILES OC(COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl)=O ChemSpider 1441 ID Properties Molecular C H Cl O formula 8 6 2 3 Molar mass 221.04 g mol−1 Appearance white to yellow powder Melting point 140.5 °C (413.5 K) Boiling 160 °C (0.4 mm Hg) point Solubility in 900 mg/L (25 °C) water Related compounds Related 2,4,5-T, Dichlorprop compounds Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common systemic herbicide used in the control of broadleaf weeds. It is the most widely used herbicide in the world, and the third most commonly used in North America.[1] 2,4-D is also an important synthetic auxin, often used in laboratories for plant research and as a supplement in plant cell culture media such as MS medium. History 2,4-D was developed during World War II by a British team at Rothamsted Experimental Station, under the leadership of Judah Hirsch Quastel, aiming to increase crop yields for a nation at war.[citation needed] When it was commercially released in 1946, it became the first successful selective herbicide and allowed for greatly enhanced weed control in wheat, maize (corn), rice, and similar cereal grass crop, because it only kills dicots, leaving behind monocots. Mechanism of herbicide action 2,4-D is a synthetic auxin, which is a class of plant growth regulators.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Beil & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 0201633 The interaction of imidazolinone herbicides with selected adsorbents Che, Ming-Daw, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1991 UMI 300 N.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Fate of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Enantiomers
    Title Environmental Fate of Imidazolinone Herbicides and Their Enantiomers in Soil and Water Mohammadkazem Ramezani B.Sc. Agronomy, M.Sc. Weed Science This thesis is presented for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy of the University of Adelaide School of Agriculture, Food & Wine The University of Adelaide Waite Campus, South Australia 2007 Declaration This work contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma in any university or other tertiary institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by another person, except where due reference has been made in the text. I give consent to this copy of my thesis, when deposited in the University Library, being made available for loan and photocopying. Mohammadkazem Ramezani ii Abstract Imidazolinones represent a new class of herbicides with low mammalian toxicity that can be used at low application rates, either pre- or post-emergence for the control of a wide range of weeds in broadleaf and cereal crops, and non-crop situations. All imidazolinone herbicides are chiral, containing two enantiomers that derive from the chiral centre of the imidazolinone ring. The inhibitory activity of the R(+) enantiomer is nearly eight times greater than that of the S(-) enantiomer. The use of imidazolinone herbicides has increased in recent years in Australia owing to increased popularity of pulses and the introduction of imidazolinone-tolerant canola and wheat. Concerns have been raised about the potential carry over damage to the subsequent crops grown in rotation with legumes and herbicide tolerant crops.
    [Show full text]
  • Efficacy of Imazapic/Imazapyr and Other Herbicides in Mixtures for The
    Efficacy of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mixtures for the control of Digitaria insularis prior to soybean sowing Efectividad de imazapic/imazapyr y otros herbicidas en mezclas para el control de Digitaria insularis en pre-siembra de soya Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht1, Leandro Paiola Albrecht1, André Felipe Moreira Silva²*, Romulo Augusto Ramos³, Everson Pedro Zeny³, Juliano Bortoluzzi Lorenzetti4, Maikon Tiago Yamada Danilussi4, and Arthur Arrobas Martins Barroso4 ABSTRACT RESUMEN Herbicide mixtures, use of multiple sites of action, and other Las mezclas entre herbicidas, el uso de múltiples sitios de acción weed management practices are necessary to avoid cases of y otras prácticas de manejo de malezas son necesarias para biotype resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the evitar otros casos de resistencia de biotipos. El objetivo de este efficiency of imazapic/imazapyr and other herbicides in mix- estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia de imazapic/imazapyr y otros tures to control Digitaria insularis at burndown before soybean herbicidas en mezclas para controlar Digitaria insularis en la sowing. This field research was conducted in Umuarama, State desecación antes de la siembra de soya. Esta investigación de of Parana (PR), Brazil, in the 2018/19 soybean season. The ex- campo se realizó en Umuarama, Estado de Paraná (PR), Brasil, periment was conducted in a randomized block experimental en la cosecha de soya de 2018/19. El experimento se realizó en design with four replicates and 11 treatments composed of the un diseño experimental de bloques al azar, con cuatro repe- application of glyphosate, clethodim, haloxyfop, imazapic/ ticiones y 11 tratamientos, compuestos por la aplicación de imazapyr, glufosinate, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), glifosato, cletodim, haloxifop, imazapic/imazapir, glufosinato, dicamba, triclopyr, and saflufenacil, in mixtures.
    [Show full text]
  • INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES
    US Environmental Protection Agency Office of Pesticide Programs INDEX to PESTICIDE TYPES and FAMILIES and PART 180 TOLERANCE INFORMATION of PESTICIDE CHEMICALS in FOOD and FEED COMMODITIES Note: Pesticide tolerance information is updated in the Code of Federal Regulations on a weekly basis. EPA plans to update these indexes biannually. These indexes are current as of the date indicated in the pdf file. For the latest information on pesticide tolerances, please check the electronic Code of Federal Regulations (eCFR) at http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/waisidx_07/40cfrv23_07.html 1 40 CFR Type Family Common name CAS Number PC code 180.163 Acaricide bridged diphenyl Dicofol (1,1-Bis(chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol) 115-32-2 10501 180.198 Acaricide phosphonate Trichlorfon 52-68-6 57901 180.259 Acaricide sulfite ester Propargite 2312-35-8 97601 180.446 Acaricide tetrazine Clofentezine 74115-24-5 125501 180.448 Acaricide thiazolidine Hexythiazox 78587-05-0 128849 180.517 Acaricide phenylpyrazole Fipronil 120068-37-3 129121 180.566 Acaricide pyrazole Fenpyroximate 134098-61-6 129131 180.572 Acaricide carbazate Bifenazate 149877-41-8 586 180.593 Acaricide unclassified Etoxazole 153233-91-1 107091 180.599 Acaricide unclassified Acequinocyl 57960-19-7 6329 180.341 Acaricide, fungicide dinitrophenol Dinocap (2, 4-Dinitro-6-octylphenyl crotonate and 2,6-dinitro-4- 39300-45-3 36001 octylphenyl crotonate} 180.111 Acaricide, insecticide organophosphorus Malathion 121-75-5 57701 180.182 Acaricide, insecticide cyclodiene Endosulfan 115-29-7 79401
    [Show full text]
  • Gene Encoding Acetolactic Acid Synthase Gene
    Europäisches Patentamt *EP001347056A1* (19) European Patent Office Office européen des brevets (11) EP 1 347 056 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION published in accordance with Art. 158(3) EPC (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.7: C12N 15/60, C12N 9/88, 24.09.2003 Bulletin 2003/39 C12N 5/14, A01H 5/00 (21) Application number: 01982810.2 (86) International application number: PCT/JP01/10014 (22) Date of filing: 16.11.2001 (87) International publication number: WO 02/044385 (06.06.2002 Gazette 2002/23) (84) Designated Contracting States: • NAGAYAMA, Kozo AT BE CH CY DE DK ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU Kakegawa-shi, Shizuoka 436-0004 (JP) MC NL PT SE TR • FUKUDA, Atsunori Designated Extension States: Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0031 (JP) AL LT LV MK RO SI • TANAKA, Yoshiyuki Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki 305-0031 (JP) (30) Priority: 29.11.2000 JP 2000362630 • KAKU, Koichiro Iwata-shi, Shizuoka 437-1207 (JP) (71) Applicant: KUMIAI CHEMICAL INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (74) Representative: Taito-ku Tokyo 110-8782 (JP) Denison, Christopher Marcus et al Mewburn Ellis (72) Inventors: York House • SHIMIZU, Tsutomu 23 Kingsway Ogasa-gun, Shizuoka 439-0031 (JP) London WC2B 6HP (GB) • NAKAYAMA, Ishizue Fujieda-shi, Shizuoka 426-0067 (JP) (54) GENE ENCODING ACETOLACTIC ACID SYNTHASE GENE (57) The present invention provides a gene encod- SEQ ID NO: 1 by substitution, deletion or addition ing ALS protein which shows extremely high level of re- of at least one or more amino acids, has resistance sistance to PC herbicides. The gene of the present in- to a pyrimidinyl carboxy herbicide and has acetol- vention encodes the following protein (a) or (b): actate synthase activity.
    [Show full text]
  • The Absorption and Translocation of Imazaquin in Green Manures Acta Scientiarum
    Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy ISSN: 1679-9275 [email protected] Universidade Estadual de Maringá Brasil Garcia Florido, Flávia; Monquero, Patrícia Andrea; Ribeiro Dias, Ana Carolina; Tornisielo, Valdemar Luiz The absorption and translocation of imazaquin in green manures Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, vol. 36, núm. 3, julio-septiembre, 2014, pp. 291-300 Universidade Estadual de Maringá Maringá, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=303031287004 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Acta Scientiarum http://www.uem.br/acta ISSN printed: 1679-9275 ISSN on-line: 1807-8621 Doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v36i3.17035 The absorption and translocation of imazaquin in green manures Flávia Garcia Florido1, Patrícia Andrea Monquero1*, Ana Carolina Ribeiro Dias2 and Valdemar Luiz Tornisielo3 1Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Anhanguera, km 174, Cx. Postal 153, Araras, São Paulo, Brazil. 2Departamento de Produção Vegetal, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. 3Laboratório de Ecotoxicologia, Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil. *Author for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT. Green manure species that are tolerant to the herbicide imazaquin can be used in crop rotation schemes that aim to reduce herbicide carryover to sensitive plants such as sunflower or corn. Three different doses of imazaquin (0, 0.15 and 0.28 kg ha-1) were applied during the pre-emergence growth stage to Dolichos lablab, Cajanus cajan, Canavalia ensiformis, Crotalaria juncea, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparison of Imazapyr and Imazamox for Control of Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum Aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.)
    J. Aquat. Plant Manage. 45: 132-136 Comparison of Imazapyr and Imazamox for Control of Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.) RYAN M. WERSAL1 AND JOHN D. MADSEN1,2 INTRODUCTION techniques (Moreira et al. 1999). To date, chemical control has been the most effective method for controlling infesta- Parrotfeather (Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell. Verdc) is an in- tions of M. aquaticum. Contact herbicides such as diquat vasive aquatic plant to the United States that is native to South (6,7-dihydrodipyrido (1,2-a:2’,1’-c) pyrazinedium dibro- America. Myriophyllum aquaticum is described as “stout, stems mide) and endothall (7-oxabicyclo (2.2.1) heptane-2,3-dicar- moderately elongate, partially submersed but with portions of boxylic acid) have been evaluated with mixed results leafy branches emersed (Godfrey and Wooten 1981). Emer- (Moreira et al. 1999, Westerdahl and Getsinger 1988). Con- gent leaves are whorled, stiff, usually with 20 or more linear fil- tact herbicides are typically effective for short-term control, iform divisions, appearing feather-like and grayish green. but significant regrowth of M. aquaticum typically occurs and Submersed shoots are comprised of whorls of four to six fila- multiple applications are necessary (Moreira et al. 1999). mentous, pectinate, red or orange, leaves arising from each Therefore, the use of a systemic herbicide may be more ef- node. Flowers are all pistillate, borne in the axils of unreduced fective in controlling this species. leaves (Godfrey and Wooten 1981). Myriophyllum aquaticum is Imazapyr (2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)5-oxo- dioecious, however only pistillate plants are found outside of 1H-imazol-2-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid) is a systemic herbi- its native range (Sutton 1985).
    [Show full text]
  • List of Herbicide Groups
    List of herbicides Group Scientific name Trade name clodinafop (Topik®), cyhalofop (Barnstorm®), diclofop (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*, Hoegrass®), fenoxaprop (Cheetah® Gold* , Wildcat®), A Aryloxyphenoxypropionates fluazifop (Fusilade®, Fusion®*), haloxyfop (Verdict®), propaquizafop (Shogun®), quizalofop (Targa®) butroxydim (Falcon®, Fusion®*), clethodim (Select®), profoxydim A Cyclohexanediones (Aura®), sethoxydim (Cheetah® Gold*, Decision®*), tralkoxydim (Achieve®) A Phenylpyrazoles pinoxaden (Axial®) azimsulfuron (Gulliver®), bensulfuron (Londax®), chlorsulfuron (Glean®), ethoxysulfuron (Hero®), foramsulfuron (Tribute®), halosulfuron (Sempra®), iodosulfuron (Hussar®), mesosulfuron (Atlantis®), metsulfuron (Ally®, Harmony®* M, Stinger®*, Trounce®*, B Sulfonylureas Ultimate Brushweed®* Herbicide), prosulfuron (Casper®*), rimsulfuron (Titus®), sulfometuron (Oust®, Eucmix Pre Plant®*), sulfosulfuron (Monza®), thifensulfuron (Harmony®* M), triasulfuron, (Logran®, Logran® B Power®*), tribenuron (Express®), trifloxysulfuron (Envoke®, Krismat®*) florasulam (Paradigm®*, Vortex®*, X-Pand®*), flumetsulam B Triazolopyrimidines (Broadstrike®), metosulam (Eclipse®), pyroxsulam (Crusader®Rexade®*) imazamox (Intervix®*, Raptor®,), imazapic (Bobcat I-Maxx®*, Flame®, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazapyr (Arsenal Xpress®*, Intervix®*, B Imidazolinones Lightning®*, Midas®*, OnDuty®*), imazethapyr (Lightning®*, Spinnaker®) B Pyrimidinylthiobenzoates bispyribac (Nominee®), pyrithiobac (Staple®) C Amides: propanil (Stam®) C Benzothiadiazinones: bentazone (Basagran®,
    [Show full text]
  • Pesticide Reference Values Comparison Study
    Is Protecting Aquatic Life from Pesticides Sufficient to Ensure Human Health Protection in Sources of Drinking Water? Kelly D. Moran, Ph.D., TDC Environmental, LLC Bonny Starr, P.E., Starr Consulting October 1, 2018 Abstract California water and pesticides regulators have long operated under the informal assumption that programs to protect aquatic life from currently used pesticides will also ensure the safety of surface water drinKing water sources. This paper examines the scientific validity of this assumption for the agricultural pesticides in California’s Central Valley by comparing water quality regulatory values and benchmarks (“reference values”) for human health with those for aquatic life. Because numeric water quality criteria and other numeric regulatory values established for water quality protection exist for only a handful of currently used pesticides, the comparison relies heavily on US EPA pesticides human health and aquatic life benchmarks. For acute endpoints, both human health and aquatic life reference values typically use a one-day exposure time frame, but chronic endpoint exposure periods differ, with aquatic life exposure periods (4 to 60 days) usually shorter than human health exposure periods (annual). The evaluation looKed in detail at 301 agricultural pesticides with human health reference values. Of these 301 pesticides, only 46% had aquatic life reference values that were equal to or lower than the human health reference value. For 54% of these pesticides, either no aquatic life reference value existed or the aquatic life reference value was higher than the human health reference value. In these cases, aquatic life protection actions would not suffice to protect human health.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Weed Control
    2014 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual The 2014 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual is published by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, N.C. State University, Raleigh, N.C. These recommendations apply only to North Carolina. They may not be appropriate for conditions in other states and may not comply with laws and regulations outside North Carolina. These recommendations are current as of November 2013. Individuals who use agricultural chemicals are responsible for ensuring that the intended use complies with current regulations and conforms to the product label. Be sure to obtain current information about usage regulations and examine a current product label before applying any chemical. For assistance, contact your county Cooperative Extension agent. The use of brand names and any mention or listing of commercial products or services in this document does not imply endorsement by the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service nor discrimination against similar products or services not mentioned. VII — CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL 2014 North Carolina Agricultural Chemicals Manual VII — CHEMICAL WEED CONTROL Chemical Weed Control in Field Corn ...................................................................................................... 224 Weed Response to Preemergence Herbicides — Corn ........................................................................... 231 Weed Response to Postemergence Herbicides — Corn ........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Agricultural Chemicals on Wetland Habitats and Associated Biota with Special Reference to Migratory Birds: a Selected and Annotated Bibliography C
    South Dakota State University Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange South Dakota State University Agricultural Bulletins Experiment Station 3-1-1991 Impact of Agricultural Chemicals on Wetland Habitats and Associated Biota with Special Reference to Migratory Birds: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography C. F. Facemire Follow this and additional works at: http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins Recommended Citation Facemire, C. F., "Impact of Agricultural Chemicals on Wetland Habitats and Associated Biota with Special Reference to Migratory Birds: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography" (1991). Bulletins. Paper 713. http://openprairie.sdstate.edu/agexperimentsta_bulletins/713 This Bulletin is brought to you for free and open access by the South Dakota State University Agricultural Experiment Station at Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Bulletins by an authorized administrator of Open PRAIRIE: Open Public Research Access Institutional Repository and Information Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. B 708 Impact of Agricultural Chemicals on Wetland Habitats and Associated Biota with Special Reference to Migratory Birds: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6 Environmental Contaminants Program North and South Dakota Fish and Wildlife Enhancement Offices South Dakota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit and South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station South Dakota State University Published in accordance with an act passed in 1881 by the 14th Legislative Assembly, Dakota Territory, establishing the Dakota Agricultural College and with the act of re-organization passed in 1887 by the 17th Legislative Assembly, which established the Agricultural Experiment Station at South Dakota State University.
    [Show full text]