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40 It Is Quite Possible That the Evidence for the Variability Theory 40 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY FIGURE 9.—Alpheus malabaricus, female from Alimango River, Bunas Island, carapace length 7.0 mm: a, anterior carapace and appendages, dorsal aspect; b, same, lateral aspect; c, right 1st (major) cheliped, mesial aspect; d, same, chela, lateral aspect; e, left 1st (minor) cheliped, lateral aspect; / same, fingers, mesial aspect; g, left 3rd pereopod; h, same, dactyl, flexor aspect. It is quite possible that the evidence for the variability theory •47. Alpheus malleodigitus (Bate, 1888) derived from the number of variations that are both sympatric Betaeus malleodigitus Bate, 1888:565, pi. 101: fig. 5 [type locality: Levuka, and widespread geographically may eventually prove to be Fiji Islands]. false, but such conclusions should be supported by the study Allpheus] phrygianus Coutierc, 1905:886, pi. 77: fig. 25 [type locality: 2 sites of more material than is currently available. in the Maldive Islands and 1 in Madagascar]. NUMBER 466 41 A[lpheus] Danae Coutiere, 1905:887, pi. 77: fig. 26 [type locality: Maldive absent, not reaching as far as distal margin of 1st antennular Islands]. segment, sharply carinate, carina disappearing rather abruptly Alpheus persicus Nobili, 1905:238 [type locality: Persian Gulf]. Atpheus malleodigitus, var. gracilicarpus De Man, 19O9a:99 [type locality: 2 into somewhat flattened triangular area roughly delimited from stations in the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines, and 2 in vicinity of Lesser posterior ends of adrostral furrows; carapace without median Sunda Islands, Indonesia; 8-54 meters]. tooth or tubercle posterior to base of rostrum and without Alpheus malleodigitus.—AM. and D.M.Banner, 1966a: 162-175, figs. 8c,d, paired acute teeth overhanging posterior ends of adrostral 9-18.—DAI. and A.H. Banner, 1982:92, fig. 22m-o.—A.H. and D.M.Ban- furrows, anterior margin transverse or concave and unarmed ner, 1983:44. mesial to orbital hoods, submarginal region not flattened, DIAGNOSIS.—(Obesomanus Group). Body neither unusually adrostral furrows rather deep; 2nd antennular segment usually compressed nor densely setose; rostrum very small, subrectan- no more than 3 times as long as wide; basal antennal segment gular, not reaching nearly as far as distal margin of 1st (basicerite) unarmed; antennal scale with lateral margin antennular segment, sharply carinate, carina disappearing somewhat concave, distolateral spine stout, usually overreach- rather abruptly into somewhat flattened triangular area ing distal margin of blade by moderate amount; 1st pereopods somewhat sharply delimited from posterior ends of adrostral with merus usually unarmed on mesial flexor margin; major l furrows; carapace without median tooth or tubercle posterior chela subcircular in cross section, about 2 /i times as long as to base of rostrum and without paired acute teeth overhanging wide, dactyl straight in longitudinal plane, double-ended, posterior ends of adrostral furrows, anterior margin transverse bearing well-developed, truncated plunger, palm with exten- and unarmed mesial to orbital hoods, submarginal region not sive depression immediately proximal to adhesive plaque and ! flattened, adrostral furrows rather deep; 2nd antennular with sinuous furrow on fixed finger, minor chela about 2 /2 l segment usually at least 3 times as long as wide; basal antennal times as long as wide, dactyl less than fr as long as palm, not segment (basicerite) unarmed; antennal scale with lateral "balaeniceps" in either sex; 2nd pereopod with proximal carpal margin moderately concave, distolateral spine stout, far article 73 to 72 as long as 2nd; 3rd pereopod with dactyl simple, overreaching distal margin of blade; 1st pereopods with merus propodus bearing about 8 stout spines on flexor margin, carpus unarmed on mesial flexor margin; major chela subcircular in with short distal tooth on extensor margin, longer one on flexor cross section, about 23/4 times as long as wide, dactyl straight margin, merus with subdistal tooth on flexor margin, ischium in longitudinal plane, double-ended, bearing well-developed, bearing inconspicuous small movable spine; maximum cara- truncated plunger, palm with rather extensive depression or pace length to base of rostrum about 9 mm. broad furrow on lateral side of extensor surface immediately MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Port Gubat, southeastern Luzon posterior to adhesive plaque and smaller lateral depression [12°55'N, 124°09'E]; tide pool; 23 Jun 1909 (1303-1700); 1 near base of fixed finger minor chela about 372 times as long female [8.3]. as wide, dactyl about xli as long as palm, not "balaeniceps" in RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Indonesia, Vietnam, either sex; 2nd pereopod with proximal carpal article llz as Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, and Caroline, Mariana, and long as to subequal with 2nd; 3rd pereopod with dactyl simple, Samoan islands. propodus bearing about 8 stout spines on flexor margin, carpus REMARKS.—In their review of the alpheids of the western with short distal tooth on extensor margin, longer one on flexor Indian Ocean, A.H. and D.M. Banner (1983) offered an margin, merus with subdistal tooth on flexor margin, ischium analysis of the material available to them of A. malleodigitus, without movable spine; maximum carapace length to base of A. microstylus, and A. obesomanus. Although the species rostrum about 9 mm. differed widely in geographic distribution, A. malleodigitus MATERIAL.—PHILIPPINES. Marungas Island, Sulu Archi- being most common in the western Indian Ocean, Thailand, pelago [6°06'N, 120°58'E]; lJ/4 to 272 m; scattered coral and and the Central Pacific, A. microstylus rare everywhere except the western Indian Ocean, and A. obesomanus common in sand; 10 Feb 1908 (1330-1500); diving, coral heads taken Australia, the Philippines, and Thailand, they were "certain ashore; 2 females [7.4,7.7], 1 ovig [7.7]. that further studies such as those we have made with preserved RANGE.—Red Sea and eastern Africa to Hong Kong, Japan, specimens, supplemented with crude field observations, will Philippines, Indonesia, and Australia, eastward to the Society not resolve the question posed." They concluded: "Although Islands but not Hawaii; on and in corals, usually in surf zone. we are inclined towards the concept of a single variable species REMARKS.—See "Remarks" under A. microstylus. [A. obesomanus], we have no proof and we therefore leave the three nominal species standing." *48. Alpheus microstylus (Bate, 1888) Betaeus microstylus Bate, 1888:566. pi. 101: fig. 6 [type locality: Albany 49. Alpheus miersi Coutiere, 1898 Island, Cape York, Australia]. Alpheus microstylus.—A.H. and D.M. Banner, 1983:45, fig. 6a-f. Alpheus gracilipes.—Miers, 1884:287 [not Alpheus gracilipes Stimpson, 1860:31]. DIAGNOSIS.—(Obesomanus Group). Body neither unusually Alpheus rapax var. Miersi Coutiere, 1898e:166, fig. 1 [type locality: the 2 compressed nor densely setose; rostrum very small, rarely specimens mentioned by Miers (1884:287) were found on the beach at Port 42 SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO ZOOLOGY Molle and at Flinders Island, both on the Coral Sea coast of Queensland, an acceptable description of a species-group animal at the time Australia]. of publication. It is possible, therefore, that "serratus" is an [?}A[lpheus] gracilipes var. serratus Coutiere, 1898e:167 [name erroneously available name for an Australian representative of the genus credited to Mien for specimen from Flinders Island, see "Remarks"]. AllpheusJ Miersi—Coutiere, 1905:903, pL 83: fig. 42, pi. 84: fig. 42b-i. Alpheus, and homonyny does not seem to be involved, but I Alpheus mUrsL-D. M. and A.H. Banner. 1982:168, fig. SI. am unable to find a currently known shrimp to which the name is applicable. DIAGNOSIS.—(Brevirostris Group). Body neither unusually compressed nor densely setose; rostrum triangular, not 50. Alpheus mitis Dana, 1852 reaching as far as distal margin of 1st antennular segment, base not abruptly delimited from adrostral furrows; carapace without Alpheus mitis Dana, 1852a:22 [type locality: Balabac Strait]; 1852b:549; 18SS, median tooth or tubercle on gastric region, without paired teeth pi. 35: fig. 1. overhanging posterior ends of adrostral furrows, anterior DIAGNOSIS.— (Diadema Group). Body not unusually margin unarmed and slightly concave mesial to orbital hoods, compressed or setose; rostrum reaching nearly to level of distal latter unarmed; 2nd antennular segment little more than twice margin of 1st antennular segment, carina low, rounded; as long as wide; basal antennal segment (basicerite) armed carapace without median tooth or tubercle on gastric region, with rather prominent acute ventrolateral tooth not reaching without paired teeth overhanging posterior ends of adrostral level of apex of stylocerite; antennal scale with lateral margin furrows, anterior margin unarmed, transverse mesial to orbital slightly concave, distolateral spine overreaching distal margin hood, orbital hood unarmed, adrostral furrows shallow; 2nd of blade; 1st pereopods with merus armed with small distal antennular segment nearly twice as long as wide; basal antennal tooth on inferior flexor margin; major chela subcylindrical, segment (basicerite) armed with acute ventrolateral tooth not about 374 times as long as wide, dactyl not double-ended, palm reaching anteriorly as far as tip of stylocerite; antennal scale without teeth either side of dactylar articulation, without with lateral margin slightly concave, distolateral spine longitudinal carina on mesial surface parallel with "dorsal" moderately
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