¡Allah Akbar! La Conquista Del Paraíso
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Forgotten Mediterranean Calving Grounds of Gray and North Atlantic Right Whales : Evidence from Roman Archaeological Records
This is a repository copy of Forgotten Mediterranean calving grounds of gray and North Atlantic right whales : evidence from Roman archaeological records. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/133228/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Rodrigues, Ana, Charpentier, Anne, Bernal-Casasola, Dario et al. (5 more authors) (2018) Forgotten Mediterranean calving grounds of gray and North Atlantic right whales : evidence from Roman archaeological records. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. ISSN 1471-2954 https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0961 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. The publisher or other rights holders may allow further reproduction and re-use of the full text version. This is indicated by the licence information on the White Rose Research Online record for the item. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Submitted to Proceedings of the Royal Society B: For Review Only Forgotten Mediterranean calving grounds of gray and North Atlantic right whales: evidence from Roman archaeological records Ana S. L. Rodrigues1, Anne Charpentier1, Darío Bernal-Casasola2, Armelle Gardeisen3, Carlos Nores4, José Antonio Pis Millán5, Krista McGrath6, Camilla F. Speller6 1 Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, UMR 5175 (CNRS—Université de Montpellier—UPVM—EPHE), 34293 Montpellier, France. -
Texto Completo
ACTAS. III JORNADAS DE HISTORIA DE TARIFA AL QANTIR 21 (2018) 119-125 Tarifa en la obra de Macario Fariñas del Corral Tarifa in the work of Macario Fariñas del Corral Salvador Bravo Jiménez * Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia Resumen: Durante el siglo XVII, España en general y Andalucía en particular, se ve envuelta en un ambiente de resurgimiento del clasicismo, donde eruditos locales ligados a instituciones eclesiásticas, hacen renacer autores clásicos y obras no excesivamente conocidas. Es el caso del erudito rondeño Macario Fariñas del Corral, autor que junto a sus estudios sobre autores del siglo I como Pomponio Mela o Plinio, inicia un viaje por la costa desde Málaga a Cádiz siguiendo el itinerario de Antonino, que el autor identifica a lo largo de la costa. Este trabajo trata sobre lo referente a Tarifa contenido en su obra y su particular visión del municipio. Palabras claves: Fariñas del Corral - Tarifa - Iulia Traducta - estrecho de Gibraltar. Abstract: During the seventeenth century, Spain in general and Andalusia in particular, is involved in an environment of resurgence of classicism, where local scholars linked to ecclesiastical institutions, revive classical authors and works not too well known. This is the case of the Macario Fariñas del Corral, author who along with his studies on authors of the first century as Pomponio Mela or Plinio, starts a trip along the coast from Malaga to Cádiz following Itinerarium Antonii, which the author identifies as along the coast. This work deals with what refers to rate contained in his work and his particular vision of the municipality. -
The Berber Identity: a Double Helix of Islam and War by Alvin Okoreeh
The Berber Identity: A Double Helix of Islam and War By Alvin Okoreeh Mezquita de Córdoba, Interior. Muslim Spain is characterized by a myriad of sophisticated and complex dynamics that invariably draw from a foundation rooted in an ethnically diverse populace made up of Arabs, Berbers, muwalladun, Mozarebs, Jews, and Christians. According to most scholars, the overriding theme for this period in the Iberian Peninsula is an unprecedented level of tolerance. The actual level of tolerance experienced by its inhabitants is debatable and relative to time, however, commensurate with the idea of tolerance is the premise that each of the aforementioned groups was able to leave a distinct mark on the era of Muslim dominance in Spain. The Arabs, with longstanding ties to supremacy in Damascus and Baghdad exercised authority as the conqueror and imbued al-Andalus with culture and learning until the fall of the caliphate in 1031. The Berbers were at times allies with the Arabs and Christians, were often enemies with everyone on the Iberian Peninsula, and in the times of the taifas, Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, were the rulers of al-Andalus. The muwalladun, subjugated by Arab perceptions of a dubious conversion to Islam, were mired in compulsory ineptitude under the pretense that their conversion to Islam would yield a more prosperous life. The Mozarebs and Jews, referred to as “people of the book,” experienced a wide spectrum of societal conditions ranging from prosperity to withering persecution. This paper will argue that the Berbers, by virtue of cultural assimilation and an identity forged by militant aggressiveness and religious zealotry, were the most influential ethno-religious group in Muslim Spain from the time of the initial Muslim conquest of Spain by Berber-led Umayyad forces to the last vestige of Muslim dominance in Spain during the time of the Almohads. -
Iulia Traducta Y Tingi: Dos Ciudades Romanas En Los Confines Del Imperio
Ai confini dell’Impero: contatti, scambi, conflitti Atti del XV convegno di studio Tozeur, 11-15 dicembre 2002 A cura di Mustapha Khanoussi, Paola Ruggeri, Cinzia Vismara Volume primo Carocci editore Volume pubblicato con il contributo finanziario della Fondazione Banco di Sardegna e della Camera di Commercio Industria Artigianato e Agricoltura della Provincia di Sassari 1a edizione, novembre 2004 © copyright 2004 by Carocci editore S.p.A., Roma Finito di stampare nel novembre 2004 dalle Arti Grafiche Editoriali srl, Urbino isbn 88-430-3195-3 Riproduzione vietata ai sensi di legge (art. 171 della legge 22 aprile 1941, n. 633) Senza regolare autorizzazione, è vietato riprodurre questo volume anche parzialmente e con qualsiasi mezzo, compresa la fotocopia, anche per uso interno o didattico. Salvador Bravo Jiménez Iulia Traducta y Tingi: dos ciudades romanas en los confines del Imperio Introducción El estrecho de Gibraltar, esa lengua de mar que separa Europa de Africa´ por poco menos de 14 km en su punto más cercano, ha sido durante la antigüedad objeto de una vasta literatura sea cientí- fica que mitológica. Su propio origen, a tenor de las noticias que nos han llegado, se lo debemos al gran héroe tebano Heracles 1 en su lucha contra el terrible Gerión, guardián del extremo Occidente. Es en esta zona donde tendrán cabida seres de naturaleza semi- divina, como Briareo, Atlas o Anteo. Precisamente a éste último, le debemos la fundación de una de nuestras ciudades objeto de estu- dio 2, Tingi, lo cual nos indica la importancia que para el hombre antiguo tuvo la zona que nos ocupa. -
The History of the Crusades Podcast Presents Reconquista: the Rise of Al-Andalus and the Reconquest of Spain Episode 3 the Battle of 711
The History of the Crusades Podcast presents Reconquista: The Rise of Al-Andalus and the Reconquest of Spain Episode 3 The Battle of 711 Hello again. Last time we saw a Muslim fighting force under the command of Tariq ibn Zayid leave Tangier and make its way to a place on the southern coast of Spain, which will later be called Gibraltar. When we left the last episode, Tariq had spread his army around the bay which lies adjacent to Gibraltar, while King Roderic had mustered his armies at Cordoba and was heading southwards towards Gibraltar. Now I would absolutely love to take you through a detailed blow-by-blow account of the massively significant battle which is about to take place, but unfortunately I can't. Just like we discovered when looking at the final years of the Visigoths in the last episode, there is an irritating lack of dependable source material about this event. In fact, even to this day, historians aren't able to agree on the rather basic fact of where exactly the battle took place. Most famous battles take their names from the place where the fighting played out, but by the fact that this battle is generally known only as “The Battle of 711”, you can see that even this is unclear. But luckily we do know some facts, and we can make some educated guesses about the rest. So with a huge disclaimer about the accuracy of all of this, here is a rundown of the Battle of 711. Now, as we saw in the last episode, King Roderic’s rise to the throne was opposed by Akhila, who had been promised a hereditary crown following the death of his father. -
An Architectural Heritage with Strong Islamic Influence
Fernando Branco Correia, Int. J. of Herit. Archit., Vol. 1, No. 4 (2017) 640–653 SOUTHERN PORTUGAL – AN ARCHITECTURAL HERitaGE WITH STRONG ISLAMIC INFLUENCE FERnando BRANCO CORREIA CIDEHUS – Universidade de Évora, Portugal. ABSTRACT The western part of al-Andalus was a peripheral zone of the Islamic World, far from the area of the Gua- dalquivir River and the Mediterranean coast. But in this western area there are important architectural elements from the Islamic era. In addition to the reuse of defensive and civilian structures from Roman times, there were military building programmes on the coastlines, from the 9th century onwards, with the arrival of Norse raiders. Moreover, some chronicles refer, for the 10th and 11th centuries, to the con- struction of ‘qasaba’(s) (military enclosures) in some cities and the total reconstruction of city walls. Recent archaeological activity has made evident traces of small palaces, houses and city walls but there is also an architectural heritage visible relative to other buildings – such as mosques and even small ‘ribat’(s) along the coastline. Some techniques, like that of ‘rammed earth’, are known to have been common in the Almohad period. In general terms, one can identify several remnants of buildings – religious, civil and military – with different construction techniques and traditions, not only the reuse of older constructions but also the erection of new buildings. On the other hand, it is possible to find parallels to these buildings in such varied areas as other parts of the ancient al-Andalus, North Africa, Syria and even Samarra (Iraq). This area of the Iberian Peninsula, described in chronicles as Gharb al-Andalus, is a hybrid region, where different traditions converged, taking advantage of the legacy of previous periods, mixing that legacy with contributions from North Africa, different areas of the Mediterranean and even the Middle East. -
History of Islam
Istanbul 1437 / 2016 © Erkam Publications 2016 / 1437 H HISTORY OF ISLAM Original Title : İslam Tarihi (Ders Kitabı) Author : Commission Auteur du Volume « Histoire de l’Afrique » : Dr. Said ZONGO Coordinator : Yrd. Doç. Dr. Faruk KANGER Academic Consultant : Lokman HELVACI Translator : Fulden ELİF AYDIN Melda DOĞAN Corrector : Mohamed ROUSSEL Editor : İsmail ERİŞ Graphics : Rasim ŞAKİROĞLU Mithat ŞENTÜRK ISBN : 978-9944-83-747-7 Addresse : İkitelli Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Mahallesi Atatürk Bulvarı Haseyad 1. Kısım No: 60/3-C Başakşehir / Istanbul - Turkey Tel : (90-212) 671-0700 (pbx) Fax : (90-212) 671-0748 E-mail : [email protected] Web : www.islamicpublishing.org Printed by : Erkam Printhouse Language : English ERKAM PUBLICATIONS TEXTBOOK HISTORY OF ISLAM 10th GRADE ERKAM PUBLICATIONS Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I THE ERA OF FOUR RIGHTLY GUIDED CALIPHS (632–661) / 8 A. THE ELECTION OF THE FIRST CALIPH .............................................................................................. 11 B. THE PERIOD OF ABU BAKR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (632–634) ....................................... 11 C. THE PERIOD OF UMAR (May Allah be Pleased with him) (634–644) ............................................... 16 D. THE PERIOD OF UTHMAN (May Allah be Pleased with him) (644–656) ........................................ 21 E. THE PERIOD OF ALI (May Allah be pleased with him) (656-661) ...................................................... 26 EVALUATION QUESTIONS ......................................................................................................................... -
Sobre La Fundación De Iulia Traducta
Estudios comarcales Aljaranda 85 (2012) 38-44 Estrecho de Gibraltar. Fotografía de Mario Luis Ocaña. Sobre la fundación de Iulia Traducta Salvador Bravo Jiménez1 s un hecho constante en el desarrollo sino que abarca un cúmulo de informaciones histórico del estrecho de Gibraltar, preciosas para el historiador de la antigüedad, E el trasvase poblacional. Los como noticias etnográficas, políticas, históricas, movimientos de poblaciones entre ambas etc. orillas han sido y siguen siendo continuos hasta la echa. La posición estratégica del Por lo que a éste trabajo afecta, nos 1 estrecho así lo requiere. Este trabajo trata interesa un párrafo bastante conocido en el sobre uno de esos movimientos poblacionales cual, describiendo la costa norte del estrecho de y las consecuencias que trajo: la fundación Gibraltar, nombra una serie de localizaciones de una nueva ciudad romana de nombre poblacionales entre las que destaca Mellaria, Iulia Traducta en la orilla norte del Estrecho. Iulia Ioza o Carteia; pero veamos lo que dice el de Amaseia: Palabras clave: estrecho de Gibraltar, romanización, Iulia Traducta. Viene a continuación Menlaria, con industria de salazón, y tras ella la Introducción ciudad y el río de Belón. Habitualmente se embarca aquí para pasar a Tingi, de Entre los años 29 y 7 a. C., un griego nacido la Maurousía, y tiene también mercado y en Amaseia, escribe una obra titulada Geografía salazones. Tingi tuvo antes por vecina a que es de enorme interés para comprender el Zelis; más los romanos trasladaron esta desarrollo del mundo antiguo en la época ciudad a la orilla opuesta, con parte final de la República Romana. -
UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA Los Angeles the Contested Legend Of
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Master of Art in African Studies by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 © Copyright by Jessica Leigh Keuter 2019 ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS The Contested Legend of al-Kâhina: Prophetess or Propaganda? by Jessica Leigh Keuter Master of Arts in African Studies University of California, Los Angeles, 2019 Professor Ghislaine Lydon, Chair With depictions ranging from anti-Muslim resistance warrior of the seventh century to mythical priestess, al-Kâhina looms large in the historical narratives of North African Amazigh, Jewish, and Arab peoples. Despite her legendary status, al-Kâhina’s existence as a historical female figure who reigned over the Amazigh is disputed. In this paper, I highlight the long history of colonial occupation and continual resistance organizing by the Amazigh prior to al-Kâhina’s battles with the Arab invaders at the end of the seventh century. Through analysis of secondary sources, I examine how both Arab and French occupations appropriated the legend to promote their agendas. I argue that al-Kâhina’s story has been used to enforce or combat different political agendas, both historically and today. Presently in the region , al-Kâhina has been iconized and used as the “face” of Amazigh nationalist and cultural movements. ii The thesis of Jessica Leigh Keuter is approved. Katherine M. Marino William H. Worger Ghislaine E. Lydon, Committee Chair University of California, Los Angeles 2019 iii “Someday we’ll all be gone But lullabies go on and on They never die…” ~ Billy Joel iv Contents List of Figures vi List of Maps vii Introduction 1 Historical Context 7 Early Imazighen 7 Greeks/Phoenicians 9 Early Romans 9 Roman Christianization 12 Vandals/Byzantine Control 15 Arab Invasion & Islamization 16 Ottoman Conquest 17 French Colonial Rule 17 Independence 21 Discussion of the Literature 23 Norman Roth 23 "The Kâhina: Legendary Material in the Accounts of the Jewish Berber Queen” H.T. -
Baelo Claudia Y Los Secretos Del Garum
Baelo Claudia y los secretos del Garum • Baelo Claudia and the secrets of Garum BaeloBaelo ClaudiaClaudia y los secretos del Garum ORGANIZAN BaeloBaelo ClaudiaClaudia andand thethe secretssecrets ofof GarumGarum COLABORAN Darío Bernal-Casasola, José J. Díaz Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad José A. Expósito y Víctor Palacios Macías (Editores Científicos) Baelo Claudia y los secretos del Garum Atunes, ballenas, ostras, sardinas y otros recursos marinos en la cadena operativa haliéutica romana Baelo Claudia and the secrets of Garum Tunas, whales, oysters, sardines and other marine resources in the Roman halieutic chaîne opératoire DARÍO BERNAL-CASASOLA, JOSÉ J. DÍAZ JOSÉ A. EXPÓSITO Y VÍCTOR PALACIOS MACÍAS (Editores Científicos) EDITA Editorial UCA, 2020 Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Cádiz C/ Doctor Marañón, 3 11002 Cádiz Tel. 956015689 publicaciones.uca.es [email protected] Editorial UCA es miembro de la UNE, lo que garantiza la difusión y comercialización de sus publicaciones a nivel nacional e internacional Editorial UCA is the UNE member, which ensures the diffusion and commercialization of its publications at the national and international level EDITORES CIENTÍFICOS DISEÑO Darío Bernal-Casasola Trébede Ediciones, S.L. José J. Díaz José A. Expósito IMPRIME Víctor Palacios Macías Tórculo Comunicación Gráfica, S.A. AGRADECIMIENTOS Este trabajo es resultado y ha sido cofinanciado por el proyecto GARVM III (PID2019-108948RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033) del Gobierno de España/Feder; por el -
Map 28 Mauretania Tingitana Compiled by M
Map 28 Mauretania Tingitana Compiled by M. Euzennat, 1995 Introduction Map 1a Fortunatae Insulae Map 28 Mauretania Tingitana The Mediterranean coast of Mauretania was regularly visited from the seventh century B.C. onwards, first by Phoenician (later Carthaginian) sailors on their way west to Spain. At the same time, the merchants of Gades (Map 26 D5) explored the Atlantic coast as far as the island of Mogador, today firmly identified as Cerne (Map 1a C2), which served as a trading station for two centuries as well as from time to time thereafter. The map attempts to reflect the current views of geologists and geographers on the nature of the physical landscape in antiquity, particularly in the Atlantic coastal plains (Desanges 1978, 111-12, 134; Euzennat 1989, 98-103; EncBerb 20 Gharb). Little is known of the organization of the interior, occupied by warlike Moorish tribes, before the middle of the second century B.C. when it came to be ruled by King Bocchus and his descendants. Eventually, in 33, the entire kingdom of Mauretania somehow passed to the Romans, who established three colonies, Zilil, Babba (unlocated) and Banasa, spread out between Tingi and the Oued Sebou (ancient Sububus fl.), and sited in part to strengthen links with the two principal centers of the south, Sala and Volubilis. In 25 B.C. Augustus reconstituted the kingdom of Mauretania for Juba. In A.D. 40, however, after the death of Juba’s son Ptolemy, it was divided into two Roman provinces, Mauretania Caesariensis to the east and Mauretania Tingitana to the west. -
Map 26 Lusitania-Baetica Compiled by R.C
Map 26 Lusitania-Baetica Compiled by R.C. Knapp and F.H. Stanley, Jr. (Portugal), 1996 Introduction Portugal The works of Tovar (1974; 1976; 1989) and, above all, Alarcão (1988) are indispensable for the mapping of ancient Portugal. Alarcão catalogs some 3,000 known sites of all types, including Greek, pre-Roman and Roman remains. Because of the large number, it is of course impossible to mark all of them here, and his study should be consulted for additional information about villas, mines, roads, bridges and settlements. The map does, however, include all the more important settlements, and as many road stations as can be located (Roldán Hervás 1975; Mantas Soares 1990). The physical configuration of Portugal has changed since antiquity, particularly with regard to silting of river mouths and slight changes in river courses. Less certain is the extent of topographical changes along the coasts; probably these are not significant enough to show at the scale adopted here. During the past century several large reservoirs have been built in central and southern Portugal, so that it has been necessary to restore the courses of the rivers affected. It seems clear that the principal routes are those which receive double attestation, both through the archaeological record, and in ancient itineraries and other literary sources. By contrast, many, if not most, secondary routes may be identified only from very small surviving stretches of road, or from bridges. Reliance upon the latter as testimony for an ancient road offers special problems insofar as the dates for some are not clearly established. However, those roads represented here as approximate are marked thus only because their exact course has yet to be established; their dating is not in question.