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A Note on Trametes Rubescens

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A Note on Trametes Rubescens A NOTE ON TRAMETES RUBESCENS. By W.B. Alden. With Plate 16. In August and September, 1906, there occurred on Salix caprea at Willey, Shropshire, a Trametes which is perhaps worthy of a note. On the first occasion that it was noticed the specimens were immature, being roundish irregular masses oozing out of the wood. The pilei varied from whitish to olive-brown in colour and were characterized by a dense pulverulence so that, when touched, every finger-mark remained imprinted. On later inspection the fungus became dimidiate with a very decurrent base, the pileus became zoned and the pores were seen to be white and the orifices roundish becoming elongated and daedaliform in age, especially towards the margin. The striking feature about the fungus, which could not fail to immediately arrest attention, was that the pores and flesh at once changed, on being scratched, from white to a beautiful crimson- lake colour, in some specimens almost to blood-red. On being dried, the whole hymenium naturally changed to a pinky-tan. In our English handbooks there appeared to be nothing at all near to it except Trnmetes Bulliardi, which is a fungus we have often gathered, but never saw it change to crimson on being wounded : further Bulliardi is a sweet-scented species, whereas this was entirely odourless. On referring to Fries' Hymenomycetes Europaei we found that he mentioned a I'rametes rubescens which seemed to fit most admirably, the chief points in the description being " ubique rubescens, junior albo pruinosa." This species is not in our British Flora, moreover Fries had not seen it growing, and adds a note that it seems to be close to Bulliardi. In his description of this latter he says "poris e pallido, rufescentibus." This phrasing would seem to imply that the colour-change is a gradual process in course of age and in drying and is not the usual formula he employs when describ- ing a fungus that changes instantly on being wounded. Now rufescens is one of the words not fully dealt with by either Canon du Port or Mr. Wharton in their excellent papers on colours of fungi as used by Fries, but we can scarcely recon- ciIe such a coarse word with the lovely tint of this Trametes. Rufescens is a word not freely used in describing fungi : it does not form the specific name of a single British Agaric. Fries applies it to the pileus and stem of Lactarius subdulcis, the pileus of L. circeNatus, the gills in age of Hygropkorus ovinus and the stem and gills of Lactarius rufus, but not to the pileus which he calls badio-rufus. Ruf escens really means becoming rufus, which is a yellowish- red, whereas rubescens is suggestive of blushing, as seen in Amanita rubescens and R/li,zopogon rubescens. Fries applies this latter word to the interior of the stem of Inocybe pyriodora, and he says of that peculiar-smelling fungus Entoloma ameides " totus fungus rubescit." But it is doubtful whether in using these words he had any such fine colour-distinction in his mind as some people have tried to make out. In describing Polyporus rufescens he says it is carneus, and of Boletus rubescens " pileo rufescente, stipite carneque rufescentibus," whilst under the two species we are con- sidering he adds a note that T. rubescens and T. Bulliardi are apparently close to each other, as each verges into " fulvum vel rufum." Now these are distinct colours again, f ulvus being the tawny of a lion and rufzrs is the word he uses for the zone on the stem of Cortinarizrs kaematockelis. Dr. QuClet instals Trametes rubescens as the standard species with a most excellent description, his " incarnat rod " exactly meeting the case, and it is clear that he has this fungus in his mind, but he includes Bulliardi as a synonym, which is discon- certing, and refers them both to a form of Lenzites trzcolor. Per- haps this is a case of wrongly lumping as he certainly was guilty in the matter of Pkoliotn aurea and Ph. spectabilis. We cannot but think that this fungus is a much sounder species than many that have found a place in our Flora, present- ing as marked a colour-change on being wounded as Boletus luridus, Inocybe Godeyi or Agaricus hnemorrhoidarius, and that if it is really Trametes Bulliardi then the description of this latter as given in our books is totally inadequate and must have been drawn up from dried specimens, as it entirely fails to convey the slightest idea to the novice of the marked rharacteris- tics of this fungus in the fresh condition. On one previous occasion at least this Trametes would seem to have excited curiosity-it may also have been a Shropshire specimen-it was in I 881 that the late Wm. Phillips, of Shrews- bury, sent a fungus to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, and we have Mr. Berkeley's reply to Mr. Phillips, in which he says " Your fungus is undoubtedly T. rubescensJbut I have always considered it the same with Daedalea confragosa. Fries' description does not accord with Bulliard's figure or description. I found it once abundantly at Apethorpe on willow. It is a rare species, Fries had seen dried specimens only." So Mr. Berkeley adds to our difficulties yet another species. This Daedalea confragosa is a common species in Shropshire occurring on decaying Rowan-trees, &c., and seems sufficiently distinct from the two we are now considering. It is a peculiarity of this Trametes that it will n~tcast spores. We have failed to obtain any casting from at least a dozen specimens, and Mr. Carleton Rea, to whom specimens were sub- mitted, met with the same result. The few isolated spores that were met with appeared to be curved in shape, but it would not be safe to give any measurement from these. NOTES ON BRITISH CLAVARIAE. By A. D. Cotton, F.L.S., Tke Herbarium, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. The following notes deal with the nomenclature of two species of Clavuria, viz., C. innequalis, Muller, and C. fistulosa, Holmsk. Before considering these it may however be mentioned that during the course of an investigation of this genus, special attention has been paid to the spore and its value as a diagnostic character. The result of such a study shows that many species are remarkably constant in the size and form of their spores, whilst others are characteristically variable. Further, that the recognition of the type of spore of a given species will, in some cases, be found useless as a character to separate the plant from other species externally similar, whereas in other cases it will be found of great service for this purpose. Additional work is required, but it is clear that a more accurate knowledge of the spores of the Clavariae would be of value, especially to the systematist. CLAVARIAINAEQUALIS, Miiller (in Flora Danica). In the opinion of the writer C. dissipabilzs, Britz. must be regarded as a synonym of C. inaequalis. Practically the only feature which has hitherto kept the two apart is the character of the spores, those of the former were stated to be subglobose and provided with spines, and those of the latter elliptical and smooth. That C. inaequalis possesses smooth elliptical spores is a statement however which cannot be supported by facts. There is no type specimen in existence, but the ideas of older writers as to the plant are unmistakable. .
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