DOCSLIB.ORG

Chenopodium Album L

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chenopodium Album L Chenopodium album L. Scientific Name: Chenopodium album L. Synonyms: Chenopodium album var. album , Chenopodium album var. lanceolatum , Chenopodium album var. missouriense , Chenopodium album var. polymorphum , Chenopodium album var. stevensii , Chenopodium amaranticolor , Chenopodium giganteum , Chenopodium lanceolatum , Chenopodium suecicum Family: Chenopodiaceae Genus: Chenopodium Species: album Common Name: Lamb’s-quarters, Wild Spinach, Fat Hen, Pigweed, Goosefoot, Cheelbhaji. Parts Used: Leaf, seed, whole plant Plant Description: C. album is herbaceous vegetable plant locally known as Bathu. It is 0.3–3m high erect or ascending mealy or green and reddish, inodorous, stem often stripped. Leaves are very variable in size and shape reaching in cultivated plants sometimes 15 cm long, oblong, rhombic, deltoid or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, entire, toothed or irregularly lobulated, petioles long slender. Embryo is annular. Chemical Constituents: Plant contains essential oil; carotene and Vitamin C. Leave are rich in an essential oil and mineral matters. Particularly in potash salts; a considerable amount of albuminoids and other compounds of nitrogen. The main chemicals found in Chenopodium album includes alpha-pinene, aritasone, ascaridole, butyric-acid, d-camphor, essential oils, ferulic-acid, geraniol, l-pinocarvone, limonene, malic-acid, menthadiene, menthadienehydroperoxides, methyl-salicylate, myrcene, p-cymene, p-cymol, safrole, saponins, spinasterol, tartaric-acid, terpinene, terpinyl-acetate, terpinyl-salicylate, triacontyl-alcohol, trimethylamine, urease, and vanillic-acid. Isolated chemical constituents of Chenopodium album L. α-pinene ascaridole p-cymene Butyric acid 147 d-camphor Ferulic acid Geraniol l-pinocarvone Limonene Malic acid Menthadiene Methyl salicylate Myrcene Safrole Spinasterol 148 Tartaric acid Terpinene Trimethylamine Vanillic acid Actions of Herb: Laxative, anthelmintic, diuretic, febrifuge, emollient, anti-rheumatic, antiscorbutic, diaphoretic, carminative, stomachic, tonic, appetizer, digestive, amebicide, anti- bacterial, anti-cancerous, anti-malarial, anti-parasitic, anti-tumorous, ascaricide (kills Ascaris parasitic worms), insecticidal, molluscicidal (kills snails), vermifuge (expels worms) Medicinal Uses: Plant is used in hepatic disorder and enlarged spleen. It is also used emollient for throat and chest, nutritive and thirst quenching. The plant is much esteemed as a pot-herb in piles. Leaves are taken in the form of infusion or decoction, as a laxative and anthelmintic. Seeds are considered as effective against jaundice, dropsy, dysuria and micturition. Decoction of seeds is regarded as advantageous in expelling dead fetus. The oil of seeds is regarded as anthelmintic for hookworms, round worms and intestinal amoeba in veterinary medicines. To get rid of excess bilious malhumour, with seeds, salt, hot water and honey are administered to cause vomiting. Paste of seeds is useful for removing unwanted marks remain on the skin due to various causes. Paste of leaves is also regarded as effective in resolving inflammations of warm origin, itching, scabies, and pruritis. Dosage: Seeds 5-7 g. (approximately), Decoction: 1/2 cup once daily. For intestinal parasites: one-half cup of a leaf decoction once daily on an empty stomach for three days. A decoction of the leaves is employed (in ½ cup dosages) for menstrual, respiratory, and digestive problems on an as-needed basis. Compound Preparations: Arq-e-Ahmar, Sherbet Kasni, Arq-e-Yarqan Side Effects & Toxicity: Excess consumption may lead to gastric pain and disorders of nervous system. Contraindications: Pregnancy and lactation. Patients with cardiovascular diseases or pulmonary diseases such as symptomatic asthma, and/or who are receiving cardiovascular drugs such as beta blockers, may be at higher risk for severe adverse reactions. Physico-chemical screening of C. album Solvent extractive values in different organic solvent, ash value, stomatal number, stomatal index, veinislet number, veinlet termination number and palisade ratio of C. album leaves were determined. 149 Table: Successive solvent extraction of leaves of C. album L. Sikarwar I, Wanjari M, Baghel SS, Vashishtha P.A Review on Phytopharmacological Studies on Chenopodium album L. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013. 3(4): 3089-3098. Table: Evaluation of C. album L. leaves Sikarwar I, Wanjari M, Baghel SS, Vashishtha P.A Review on Phytopharmacological Studies on Chenopodium album L. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013. 3(4): 3089-3098. Phytochemical Screening C. album shows the presence of saponin, tannin, lignin, protein, carbohydrates, suberin, glucoside, flavin, and traces amount of oil and absence of alkaloids and sugars in color reaction tests. 150 Table: Phytochemical tests of C. album Sikarwar I, Wanjari M, Baghel SS, Vashishtha P.A Review on Phytopharmacological Studies on Chenopodium album L. Indo American Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2013. 3(4): 3089-3098 . Powder Microscopic Examination of C. album Transverse section of C. album revealed straight walled polygonal collenchyma and yellow coloured bean shaped mass with mesh like striations. Multi-cellular covering type of trichomewas observed with bunch of parenchymatous polygonal cells. A single piece of xylem and phloem with centrally located cambium layers were seen clearly . Pande M, Pathak A. Preliminary Pharmacognostic Evaluations and Phytochemical Studies on Leaf of Chenopodium album (Bathua Sag). Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. 2010; 1 (1): 91-95. 151 Straight-walled polygonal parenchyma yellow colored mass of cells Multi-cellular covering trichome Parenchymatous polygonal cells Xylem, Phloem & Cambium Figure: Powder Microscopy of C. album Linn. Pande M, Pathak A. Preliminary Pharmacognostic Evaluations and Phytochemical Studies on Leaf of Chenopodium album (Bathua Sag). Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. 2010; 1 (1): 91-95. Transverse section study of C. album In TS of leaves of C. album L. circular arch of xylem was observed covered with phloem. Thick walled parenchymatous cells were observed in upper epidermis but in lower epidermis replaced by thin walled collenchyma. The multi-cellular covering trichome was also observed on horizontal layer of parenchyma. 152 Pande M, Pathak A. Preliminary Pharmacognostic Evaluations and Phytochemical Studies on Leaf of Chenopodium album (Bathua Sag). Asian J. Exp. Biol. Sci. 2010; 1 (1): 91-95. Anti-cancer Activity Ethanolic and aqueous extract of the leaves of C. album showed positive results with successful control of cell’s growth. The cells were seeded with both the extracts and then allowed to grow for 24 hours, the cell growth was inhibited and apoptotic bodies were formed within 24 hours. Hepatoprotective Activity Hepatoprotective activity of C. album L. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts was carried out using Paracetamol and alcohol as hepatotoxin and by histopathology. The alcoholic and aqueous extracts of C. album significantly restore physiological integrity of hepatocytes. Alcoholic Extract of C. album L. Aqueous extract of C. album L. Nigam V, Paarakh PM.Hepatoprotective Activity of Chenopodium album L. Against Alcohol Induced Liver Damage. International Journal of Phytomedicine. 2011;3: 511-523 Spasmolytic and Analgesic activity The plant was extracted in ethanol and fractionated in ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-butanol and water. The crude extract and its fractions were tested in vitro on intestinal smooth muscles of rabbit. The crude extract exhibited a dose-dependent increase in relaxation of smooth muscles. Overall, the activity produced by n-butanol fraction was found to be highly significant. Analgesic effect of the crude extract was carried out by tail flick method in mice. 153 Anti-bacterial activity Anti-bacterial activity of C. album L. was evaluated against five human pathogenic bacteria viz. E. coli , S. typhimurium , S. aureus , P. vulgaris and P. aeruginosa . The aqueous extract revealed strongest anti-bacterial activity on S. aureus and methanolic leaf extract showed strongest anti- bacterial activity on P. aeruginosa . Anti-inflammatory activity The essential oil extracted from C. album exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against 12- O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induced ear edema in mice. Anti-oxidant activity The anti-oxidant activity of different C. album extracts were evaluated against ascorbic acid as % inhibition of ABTS free radicals. ABTS radical is a blue chromophore produced by the reaction between ABTS and potassium per sulfate. The anti-oxidant activity (IC 50 value) determined by ABTS assay is shown in table below. Table: ABTS assay of different extracts of C. album Pandey S, Gupta RK.Screening of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chenopodium album (Bathua). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2014; 3 (3): 1-9. In FRAP assay, reduction of the ferric tripyridyltriazine to the ferrous complex gives an intense blue color at a wavelength of 593 nm. The intensity of the color is related to the amount of anti- oxidant reductants in the samples. FRAP activity is tabulated below. Table: FRAP assay of different extracts of C. album Pandey S, Gupta RK.Screening of nutritional, phytochemical, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Chenopodium album (Bathua).Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2014; 3 (3): 1-9. GC/MS Analysis of C. album L. The list of compounds present in petroleum ether and mixed solvents extracts of C. album L. were identified with
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Pest Management of Small Grains—Weeds
    PUBLICATION 8172 SMALL GRAIN PRODUCTION MANUAL PART 9 Pest Management of Small Grains—Weeds MICK CANEVARI, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, San Joaquin County; STEVE ORLOFF, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, Siskiyou County; RoN VARGAS, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Advisor, UNIVERSITY OF Madera County; STEVE WRIGHT, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm CALIFORNIA Advisor, Tulare County; RoB WILsoN, University of California Cooperative Extension Farm Division of Agriculture Advisor, Lassen County; DAVE CUDNEY, Extension Weed Scientist Emeritus, Botany and and Natural Resources Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside; and LEE JACKsoN, Extension Specialist, http://anrcatalog.ucdavis.edu Small Grains, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis This publication, Pest Management of Small Grains—Weeds, is the ninth in a fourteen- part series of University of California Cooperative Extension online publications that comprise the Small Grain Production Manual. The other parts cover specific aspects of small grain production practices in California: • Part 1: Importance of Small Grain Crops in California Agriculture, Publication 8164 • Part 2: Growth and Development, Publication 8165 • Part 3: Seedbed Preparation, Sowing, and Residue Management, Publication 8166 • Part 4: Fertilization, Publication 8167 • Part 5: Irrigation and Water Relations, Publication 8168 • Part 6: Pest Management—Diseases, Publication 8169 • Part 7:
    [Show full text]
  • An Overview of Nutritional and Anti Nutritional Factors in Green Leafy Vegetables
    Horticulture International Journal Review Article Open Access An overview of nutritional and anti nutritional factors in green leafy vegetables Abstract Volume 1 Issue 2 - 2017 Vegetables play important role in food and nutritional security. Particularly, green leafy Hemmige Natesh N, Abbey L, Asiedu SK vegetables are considered as exceptional source for vitamins, minerals and phenolic Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, compounds. Mineral nutrients like iron and calcium are high in leafy vegetables than Dalhousie University, Canada staple food grains. Also, leafy vegetables are the only natural sources of folic acid, which are considerably high in leaves of Moringa oleifera plants as compared to other Correspondence: Hemmige Natesh N, Faculty of Agriculture, leafy and non-leafy vegetables. This paper reviewed nutritional and anti nutritional Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, factors in some important common green leafy vegetables. The type and composition Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro B2N 5E3, Nova Scotia, of nutritional and anti nutritional factors vary among genera and species of different Canada, Email [email protected] edible leafy vegetables plants. Anti nutritional factors are chemical compounds in plant tissues, which deter the absorption of nutrients in humans. Their effects can Received: October 06, 2017 | Published: November 17, 2017 be direct or indirect and ranges from minor reaction to death. Major anti nutritional factors such as nitrates, phytates, tannins, oxalates and cyanogenic glycosides have been implicated in various health-related issues. Different processing methods such as cooking and blanching can reduce the contents of anti-nutritional factors. This paper also discussed in brief the various analytical methods for the determination of the various nutritional and anti-nutritional factors in some green leafy vegetables.
    [Show full text]
  • BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final Narrative Report
    <BID project id> <Start and end date of the reporting period> BID Africa 2017 – Small Grant Template Final narrative report Instructions Fill the template below with relevant information. please indicate the reason of the delay and expected date of completion. Use the information included in your project Full proposal (reproduced in annex III of your BID contract) as a baseline from which to complete this template The information provided below must correspond to the financial information that appears in the financial report Sources of verification are for example direct links to relevant digital documents, news/newsletters, brochures, copies of agreements with data holding institutions, workshop related documents, pictures, etc. Please provide access to all mentioned sources of verification by either providing direct link or sending a copy of the documents. This report must first be sent as a Word document to [email protected] and be pre-approved by GBIFS Once this report is pre-approved in writing by GBIFS, it must be signed by the BID project coordinator and sent by post to: The Global Biodiversity Information Facility Secretariat (GBIFS) Universitetsparken 15 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Denmark Template 1. Table of Contents 1. Table of Contents ...................................................................................................... 1 2. Project Information..................................................................................................... 3 3. Overview of results ...................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Quantification of Airborne Peronospora for Downy Mildew Disease Warning
    Quantification of airborne Peronospora for downy mildew disease warning Steve Klosterman Salinas, CA The Salinas Valley, California ~ 70 % US fresh market spinach grown in CA ~ 50 % of that production in the Salinas Valley ~ 13 km Downy mildew on spinach Peronospora effusa (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae) 50 μm Symptoms: Chlorotic Signs: typically grey-brownish spots on top of leaves. downy masses of spores on the underside of leaf Downy mildew on spinach Peronospora effusa Objectives: 1. Develop an assay (qPCR) for detection and quantification of DNA from airborne Peronospora effusa. 2. Validate the assay in the field. 3. Assess levels of Peronospora effusa DNA associated with disease development in a field plot. Peronospora effusa/spinach Peronospora schachtii/chard 50 μm TaqMan assay to distinguish Peronospora effusa from related species (18S rRNA gene target) Klosterman et al. 2014. Phytopathology 104 :1349-1359. Test of a TaqMan assay to distinguish Peronospora effusa from related species on various plant hosts Downy mildew infected host plant qPCR detection Spinacia oleracea (spinach) + Beta vulgaris (beet/Swiss chard) +/- Chenopodium album (lambsquarters) - Atriplex patula (spear saltbush) - Spergula arvensis (corn spurry) - Bassia scoparia (burningbush) - Chenopodium polyspermum (manyseed goosefoot) - Chenopodium bonus-henricus (good King Henry) - Rumex acetosa (garden sorrel) - Dysphania ambrosiodes (epazote) - DNA template integrity tested by SYBR green assays prior to specificity tests. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-specific PCRs for determining frequencies of target alleles ∆Cq Freq. SNP1= 1/(2 + 1) where ∆Cq = (Cq of SNP1–specific PCR) – (Cq of SNP2–specific PCR) Klosterman et al. 2014. Phytopathology. 104 :1349-1359. Adapted from Germer et al. 2000. Genome Research 10:258–266.
    [Show full text]
  • Bountiful Gardens Heirloom, Untreated, Open-Pollinated Seeds for Sustainable Growing a Project of Ecology Action
    2014 Catalog Bountiful Gardens Heirloom, Untreated, Open-Pollinated Seeds for Sustainable Growing A Project of Ecology Action Bountiful Gardens is a non-profit. Since 1982 we have been educating gardeners about gardening organically and sustainably. All of our seeds are open-pollinated and untreated. New for 2014 VON-4589 Mill Creek Red Onion–115 days. We saw some red Contents onions at the farmer’s market and found About our work 4-7, 78-79 that they were the last of the onions that What the Seed Codes Mean 8 had been bred by local nursery owners Joe and Wanda Turi, who had since Spacing/Area Chart 8 died. We bought the whole box and How To Reach Us 76 took it to Ellen Bartholomew at Golden Rule Garden, who grew our seedstock. SEEDS 9-59 We could not meet the demand for this rare heirloom in 2012 and were unable to offer it last year, but Vegetables 9-32 thanks to Ellen, Jeff Myers, and Jason Menesini, we have been Mixes and Collections 33-35 able to multiply the seed to where we can offer it once again. Mill Compost Crops 36-39 Creek was the name of the Turi’s nursery. This is a Stockton Red Inoculants 63 type, bolt-resistant and very long-keeping. The USDA trials in our area found it to be the only onion they trialed that did equally well Grains and Fibers 40-45 planted either spring or fall. A very special heirloom onion. 100 Oil Crops and Forage Crops 46 seeds GB $2.50 Wild Trees and Shrubs 47-48 VLE-4127 Bronze Goldring Lettuce– Herbs 49-56 spring/fall 60 days.
    [Show full text]
  • Understanding the Weedy Chenopodium Complex in the North Central States
    UNDERSTANDING THE WEEDY CHENOPODIUM COMPLEX IN THE NORTH CENTRAL STATES BY SUKHVINDER SINGH DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Crop Sciences in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2010 Urbana, Illinois Doctoral Committee: Professor Patrick J. Tranel, Chair Associate Professor Aaron G. Hager Associate Professor Geoffrey A. Levin Assistant Professor Matthew E. Hudson ABSTRACT The genus Chenopodium consists of several important weed species, including Chenopodium album, C. berlandieri, C. strictum, and C. ficifolium. All of these species share similar vegetative morphology and high phenotypic plasticity, which makes it difficult to correctly identify these species. All of these weedy Chenopodium species have developed resistance to one or more classes of herbicides. An experiment was conducted to determine if there is variability in response of Chenopodium species present in the North Central states to glyphosate. Our results indicate variable responses within and among the Chenopodium species. Species such as C. berlandieri and C. ficifolium had higher levels of tolerance to glyphosate than did various accessions of C. album. In another experiment, 33 populations of Chenopodium sampled across six North Central states were screened with glyphosate. The results showed variable responses to glyphosate within and among the Chenopodium populations. In general, the Chenopodium populations from Iowa were more tolerant, but some biotypes from North Dakota, Indiana and Kansas also had significantly high tolerance to glyphosate. Given there are species other than C. album that have high tolerance to glyphosate, and there are Chenopodium populations across the North Central states that showed tolerance to glyphosate, one intriguing question was to whether the Chenopodium populations were either biotypes of C.
    [Show full text]
  • CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 Li Ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-Ling)1; Sergei L
    Flora of China 5: 351-414. 2003. CHENOPODIACEAE 藜科 li ke Zhu Gelin (朱格麟 Chu Ge-ling)1; Sergei L. Mosyakin2, Steven E. Clemants3 Herbs annual, subshrubs, or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs or small trees. Stems and branches sometimes jointed (articulate); indumentum of vesicular hairs (furfuraceous or farinose), ramified (dendroid), stellate, rarely of glandular hairs, or plants glabrous. Leaves alternate or opposite, exstipulate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade flattened, terete, semiterete, or in some species reduced to scales. Flowers monochlamydeous, bisexual or unisexual (plants monoecious or dioecious, rarely polygamous); bracteate or ebracteate. Bractlets (if present) 1 or 2, lanceolate, navicular, or scale-like. Perianth membranous, herbaceous, or succulent, (1–)3–5- parted; segments imbricate, rarely in 2 series, often enlarged and hardened in fruit, or with winged, acicular, or tuberculate appendages abaxially, seldom unmodified (in tribe Atripliceae female flowers without or with poorly developed perianth borne between 2 specialized bracts or at base of a bract). Stamens shorter than or equaling perianth segments and arranged opposite them; filaments subulate or linear, united at base and usually forming a hypogynous disk, sometimes with interstaminal lobes; anthers dorsifixed, incumbent in bud, 2-locular, extrorse, or dehiscent by lateral, longitudinal slits, obtuse or appendaged at apex. Ovary superior, ovoid or globose, of 2–5 carpels, unilocular; ovule 1, campylotropous; style terminal, usually short, with 2(–5) filiform or subulate stigmas, rarely capitate, papillose, or hairy on one side or throughout. Fruit a utricle, rarely a pyxidium (dehiscent capsule); pericarp membranous, leathery, or fleshy, adnate or appressed to seed. Seed horizontal, vertical, or oblique, compressed globose, lenticular, reniform, or obliquely ovoid; testa crustaceous, leathery, membranous, or succulent; embryo annular, semi-annular, or spiral, with narrow cotyledons; endosperm much reduced or absent; perisperm abundant or absent.
    [Show full text]
  • Original Research Article Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Selected
    Original Research Article Assessment of the Nutritional Value of Selected Wild Leafy Vegetables Growing in the Roma Valley, Lesotho . ABSTRACT Keywords: wild leafy, Amaranthus, micronutrients, vegetables, carbohydrates, macronutrients Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the nutrient content of nine selected wild leafy vegetables growing in Roma Valley of Lesotho as a means to achieve food security, improve nutritional and dietary diversity and address malnutrition in rural communities Methodology: The fresh vegetables were analysed for proximate composition, and Ca, Mg, Na, P, K, Fe, Mn, Se, Cu and Zn and vitamin C. Analyses were carried out using standard methods. Results: The proximate analysis revealed a high in moisture (81.15 - 92.23%), some were high in protein, vitamin C, Cu, Mn, K and Fe. Chenopodium album has the highest protein (31.53±8.65 mg/100g fresh weight (FW); and Rorripa nudiscula (51.4% of RDA). Chenopodium album and Rorripa nudiscula were rich in Ca, 1598.21±15.25 mg/100g FW and 1508.50±25.40 mg/100g FW and in Mg, 505.14±35.55 mg/100g FW and 525.18 mg/100g FW respectively. The vegetables were rich in K, but low in Na, with Na-to-K ratio < 1.0, indicating that the vegetables could be ideal source of balanced sodium and potassium intake in diet. The vegetables were rich in Cu with ranging from 114.4% of RDA in Hypochaeris radicata to 342.2% of RDA in Chenopodium album. Fe was abundant in Rorripa nudiscula 251.7% of RDA and Chenopodium album 187.8% of the RDA.
    [Show full text]
  • Biology and Management of Common Lambsquarters
    GWC-11 The Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops Series Biology and Management of Common Lambsquarters Bill Curran, The Pennsylvania State University Christy Sprague, Michigan State University Jeff Stachler, The Ohio State University Mark Loux, The Ohio State University Purdue Extension 1-888-EXT-INFO Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops TheThe Glyphosate,Glyphosate, Weeds,Weeds, andand CropsCrops SeriesSeries This publication was reviewed and endorsed by the Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops Group. Members are university weed scientists from major corn and soybean producing states who have been working on weed management in glyphosate-resistant cropping systems. To see other titles in the Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops series, please visit the Purdue Extension Education Store: www.ces.purdue.edu/new. Other publications in this series and additional information and resources are available on the Glyphosate, Weeds, and Crops Group Web site: www.glyphosateweedscrops.org. University of Delaware University of Nebraska Mark VanGessel Mark Bernards University of Guelph Stevan Knezevic Peter Sikkema Alex Martin University of Illinois North Dakota State University Aaron Hager Richard Zollinger Dawn Nordby The Ohio State University Iowa State University Mark Loux Bob Hartzler Jeff Stachler Mike Owen The Pennsylvania State University Kansas State University Bill Curran Dallas Peterson Purdue University Michigan State University Thomas Bauman Jim Kells Bill Johnson Christy Sprague Glenn Nice University of Minnesota Steve Weller Jeff Gunsolus South Dakota State University University of Missouri Mike Moechnig Kevin Bradley Southern Illinois University Reid Smeda Bryan Young University of Wisconsin Chris Boerboom Financial support for developing, printing, and distributing this publication was provided by BASF, Bayer Crop Science, Dow AgroSciences, Dupont, Illinois Soybean Association, Indiana Soybean Alliance, Monsanto, Syngenta, Valent USA, and USDA North Central IPM Competitive Grants Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Phaseolus Vulgaris
    Potential Heritable Aphid Tolerance and Resistance in Phaseolus vulgaris _____________________________________________________ A Major Qualifying Project Report Submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Jeannette Gerry Poonam Barot _____________________________________________________ Submitted to Professor Lauren Mathews Professor Michael Buckholt Date: April 29, 2014 This report represents work of WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. For more information about the projects program at WPI, see http://www.wpi.edu/Academics/Project Table of Contents Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 2 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Coevolution ........................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Coevolutionary Relationships
    [Show full text]
  • A Synopsis of the Family Chenopodiaceae in India
    Pleione 6(2): 273 - 297. 2012. ISSN: 0973-9467 © East Himalayan Society for Spermatophyte Taxonomy A synopsis of the Family Chenopodiaceae in India T. K. Paul Botanical Survey of India, Central National Herbarium, Howrah-711103, India E- mail: [email protected] Received revised 07.12.2012; Accepted 11.12.2012 Abstract The present paper presents a concise account of Chenopodiaceae in India. In all 19 genera with 50 species, 1 subspecies, 3 varieties have been recognized and another 2 genera and 14 species are cultivated or introduced. The genera and species are arranged in alphabetical order. Within the enumeration Key to genera and species, correct nomenclature, reference to type materials wherever available, phenology and distribution also have been added. Key words: India, Chenopodiaceae, Synopsis, comb. et stat. nov. INTRODUCTION The plants of Chenopodiaceae Ventenat, commonly known as ‘Goosefoot’ family, are mostly grow as weed and some are food plants like spinach, chard, beets, sugar beet and quinoa. The family is placed in the order Caryophyllales by Cronquist (1981), Takhtajan (1969) and Dahlgren (1975). Hutchinson (1959) and Thorne (1968, 1992) included the family in the order Chenopodiales, Ulbrich in Engler & Prantl (1934) in the order Centrospermae and Bentham & Hooker (1880) in the series Curvembryeae. Bentham & Hooker (1880) divided the family into two series, cyclobeae and spirolobeae. Cyclobeae is characterized by annular embryo, albumen copious whereas in spirolobeae the embryo is spiral and albumen scanty or absent. Williams & Ford-Lloyd (1974) recognised three subfamilies: Chenopodieae (embryo cyclical, operculum absent, endosperm absent, ovary superior), Salsoleae (embryo spiral, operculum absent, endosperm absent, ovary superior), Beteae (embryo cyclical, operculum present in fruit, endosperm present, ovary semi-inferior).
    [Show full text]
  • Changes in Trans Fatty Acids Profiles for Selected Snacks Foods in The
    Carotenoids and Folate Vitamers in Indigenous Plants Consumed by Northern Plains Indians Pamela Pehrsson1, Angela Scheett2, Katherine Phillips3, Kristine Patterson1, Wanda Agnew4, Henry Lukaski2 USDA, ARS, 1Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, 2Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, Program No. 609.5 ND, 3Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, and 4Bismarck-Burleigh Public Health, Bismarck, ND Abstract Methods Results and Conclusions Epidemiological research strongly supports increased consumption Sampling Total carotenoids (mg/100g; Fig. 3, Table 1) were highest in rose hips (11.75), of carotenoid- and folate-rich plant foods to reduce the risk of several Source of commonly consumed wild plants from Native-owned land Figure 3. Distribution of Carotenoids (µg/100g) wild plums (3.18), raw and cooked lambsquarters (4.79, 8.49, respectively) and United Tribes Technical College (UTTC) and Tribal leaders and elders blanched stinging nettles (5.42). The β-carotene content of rose hips was similar chronic diseases. The folate DRI is 400µg (IOM, 1998), with • Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa, (Belcourt, ND) evidence suggesting roles for specific vitamers. No recommended • Three Affiliate Tribes of Ft. Berthold, ND (Mandan, Hidatsa, Arikara) to that of baked sweet potatoes (11.5 mg/100g) (USDA, 2010). Cattail shoots, intake for individual carotenoids exists but some can be converted to • Standing Rock Sioux reservation, ND wild raspberries and chokecherries contained <5 mg carotenoids/100g total vitamin A (IOM, 2000). Consumption of wild plants, an important Eight traditional plant foods collected (in a culturally-respectful manner) at three edible plant. Beta-carotene, lutein, and zeaxanthin were the predominant source of these nutrients but where data are limited, has declined reservations in May/June of 2005 (Figs.
    [Show full text]