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Proceedings of ISAE 2020 International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment 2020 University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka First page with university and ISAE logo International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment 2020 University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka ISAE 2020 Faculty of Agriculture University of Ruhuna Sri Lanka Proceedings of the International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment 2020 ISAE 2020 “Redefining Agricultural & Environmental Policies: Emerging Challenges & New Horizons” 14th February 2020 Faculty of Agriculture University of Ruhuna International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment 2020 University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT 2020 © 2020, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka Responsibilities for the contents of the articles included in this publication remain with respective authors. Published by Faculty of Agriculture University of Ruhuna Mapalana, Kamburupitiya 81100 Sri Lanka. Telephone +94 (0)41 229 2200 Fax +94 (0)41 229 2384 Website www.agri.ruh.ac.lk ISSN: 1800-4830 Editorial Board Prof. Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe (Editor in Chief) Prof. D L Wathugala Dr. S R Amarasinghe Prof. D A L Leelamani Prof. Nilanthi Dahanayake Dr. Amani Mannakkara Dr. Menaka Fernando Editorial Assistants Ms. M S Jayathilaka Ms. J L M Bhawana Ms. A A R W Abeysinghe Ms. W A A M Bandara Ms. C C Widapathirana Cover Design Dr. M K D K Piyaratne Symposium Coordinator Prof. G C Samaraweera Symposium Secretary Dr. Anuga Liyanage Preface It is with immense pleasure and joy the Editorial Board unveils the Proceedings of the International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment (ISAE 2020). The theme of this year’s symposium is “Redefining agricultural & environmental policies: Emerging challenges and new horizons” which is perfectly matching to the contemporary global interest of modern agriculture. Agriculture has constantly been very closely connected with the environment, as it has a key influence on land use, soil, water, biodiversity, and the landscape. Conservative agricultural policies that support commodity prices and income support can insulate farmers from market signals. They may also have environmental implications, by boosting more rigorous land use, including heavy applications of agricultural chemicals. Intensive agriculture may unsettle the ecological balance and create numerous challenges to modern agriculture. Moreover, increased awareness of the environmental significance of agriculture has emerged over the last decade. It is based on growing concern over the consequences of agricultural policies that indirectly have a negative environmental impact. This may include the pollution of surface and groundwater resources, the acidification and erosion of soil, and the loss of biodiversity. In the present context, environmental deliberations deliver motivation to the restructuring of agricultural policies. The relevant amalgamation of agricultural and environmental policies can bring multiple paybacks, by guaranteeing those policy goals are extended at least cost and that the burdens which agricultural policies can enforce on the environment are fully accounted for. To better comprehend policy integration, it is indispensable to advance our knowledge of the policy effects, in particular their environmental influence, and continue to develop analytical instruments to evaluate these. In this perspective restructuring or formulation of new agricultural policies that are connected with the environment are inevitable to face evolving challenges in the modern agriculture where it will be broadened new horizons for future generations to come. The Editorial Board presumes that the Proceedings of the ISAE 2020 contributes as a wealthy cradle of knowledge compiled by renowned scientists, policymakers, planners, technologists, and thinkers on the main theme of ISAE 2020 “Redefining agricultural & environmental policies: Emerging challenges and new horizons”. There will be 162 papers presented at 11 parallel technical sessions under 12 Sub-themes namely 1) Redefining agricultural and environmental policies 2) Plant resource management (3) Climate smart-agriculture (4) Soil, water and environment (5) Agricultural economics and social sciences (6) Innovative technologies for smart agriculture and environment (7) Food and nutrition (8) Networking for smart agriculture (9) Livestock and dairy production technologies (10) Oil palm industry (11) Fisheries and aquaculture, and (12) Agribusiness management and entrepreneurship. This proceeding is also enriched with the communications based on the keynote speech of the inaugural session by Mr. Nishan Dissanayake, Senior Policy Advisor Agriculture, Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands in Sri Lanka and 14 keynote speeches presented at the 12 technical sessions. On behalf of the Editorial Board and the Publication Committee, I would like to extend our inmost gratitude to the chief guest, keynote speakers and all authors for their scholarly contribution and praiseworthy collaboration in the process of compiling this proceeding. Proceedings of the ISAE 2020 are a substantial outcome of a much dedicated team effort of many including the coordinator of ISAE 2020 and, the members of the publication committee and the Editorial Board. Their persistent effort is extremely esteemed and acknowledged. iii On behalf of the Editorial Board, I would like to extend my best wishes to all participants for a productive and satisfying experience in ISAE 2020 at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Prof. Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe Editor-in-Chief Proceedings-ISAE 2020 iv Contents Preface ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… iii Message from the Chief Guest………………………………………………………………………………………. vi Message from the Vice Chancellor……………………………………………………………………………… vii Message from the Dean……………………………………………………………………………………………… viii Message from the Coordinator of the Symposium……………………………………………………… ix Keynote of the Inaugural session………………………………………………………………………………… x Paper Index………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… xi Technical Sessions Redefining Agricultural And Environmental Policies…………………………………………………… 1 Plant Resource Management………………………………………………………………………………………. 12 Climate Smart-Agriculture…………………………………………………………………………………………. 37 Soil, Water And Environment……………………………………………………………………………………… 47 Agricultural Economics And Social Sciences……………………………………………………………….. 75 Innovative Technologies For Smart Agriculture And Environment……………………………..96 Food And Nutrition…………………………………………………………………………………………………….122 Networking For Smart Agriculture…………………………………………………………………………….138 Livestock And Dairy Production Technologies…………………………………………………………..156 Oil Palm Industry…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 180 Fisheries And Aquaculture…………………………………………………………………………………………197 Agribusiness Management And Entrepreneurship…………………………………………………….209 v Message from the Chief Guest Ambassador of France to Sri Lanka His Excellancy Mr. Eric Lavertu It is indeed a great privilege for me to have been invited as chief guest for this year’s University of Ruhuna’s Faculty of Agriculture’s symposium. The theme of this year’s International Symposium on Agriculture and Environment is of utmost importance for dealing with the current challenges faced by Sri Lanka in finding a path to develop economically and socially in an environment-friendly way. This symposium will cover a range of areas in which French cooperation, and namely the French Agency for Development, has been active since the last decade. Present in Sri Lanka since 2005 as part of a post-tsunami intervention, the Agence française de développement is now promoting green growth while fostering social cohesion. Still in the process of being adopted, a new development project, financed through loans and grants from this agency, will be launched this year to improve the efficient use of water resources in the Mundeni Aru river basin, in the Eastern Province. Another project, which will also be launched this year, will be undertaken by the Embassy in collaboration with the French Research Institute in Pondicherry and will cover, through the contribution of a range of researchers and a multi-disciplinary approach, the challenges pertaining to the management of Sri Lanka’s South Eastern coast. These few examples are proof of France’s intimate collaboration with Sri Lanka in the field of agronomy, rural development and protection of the environment. And in this university, I would like to remind you about the French Sri Lanka project of Agricultural cooperation based in the region during the eighties and of course Dr. Paul Luu who, at that time was implementing this project! Allow me to express my best wishes of success to ISAE 2020, its organizers and its participants. vi Message from the Vice Chancellor University of Ruhuna It is with great pleasure I send this message to the ISAE 2020. Traditional agriculture has been challenged for some time and modern agriculture with a scientific basis had emerged during the last five decades. Key features of this were the use of technology and chemical fertilizer in a large scale to increase productivity. This was necessary to ensure food availability especially for the poor. Food safety and environment were compromised in this exercise. During the later half of the century this was recognized yet it was little too late to mitigate the risks. This has now emerged as a public health problem of serious magnitude and environmental change challenging the very
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