INSTITUT ARCHÉOLOGIQUE BEOGRAD ARHEOLO[KI INSTITUT BEOGRAD UDK 902/904 (050) YU ISSN 0350–0241 STARINAR LV, 1–213, BEOGRAD 2006. Institut Archéologique Beograd STARINAR NOUVELLE SÉRIE VOLUME LV/2005 Rédacteur MILOJE R.VASI] Comité de rédaction Rastko VASI], Slobodan DU[ANI], Noël DUVAL (Paris), Maja PAROVI]-PE[IKAN, Ivana POPOVI], Marko POPOVI], Nikola TASI], Olivera ILI] (secrétaire de la rédaction) BEOGRAD 2006 Arheolo{ki institut Beograd STARINAR NOVA SERIJA KWIGA LV/2005 Urednik MILOJE R.VASI] Redakcioni odbor Rastko VASI], Slobodan DU[ANI], Noel DIVAL (Pariz), Maja PAROVI]-PE[IKAN, Ivana POPOVI], Marko POPOVI], Nikola TASI], Olivera ILI] (sekretar redakcije) BEOGRAD 2006 Izdaje: ARHEOLO[KI INSTITUT Beograd, Knez Mihailova 35 Tehni~ki urednik: Danijela PARACKI Grafi~ka priprema: D_SIGN, Beograd [tampa: ALTA NOVA, Beograd Tira`: 1000 primeraka Kwiga je objavqena uz finansijsku pomo} Ministarstva nauke i za{tite `ivotne sredine Republike Srbije SADR@AJ – SOMMAIRE RASPRAVE – ETUDES Josip [ari} Chipped Stone Projectiles in the Territory of Serbia in Prehistory . 9 Josip [ari} Projektili od okresanog kamena u praistoriji na tlu Srbije . 26 Milica Tapavi~ki-Ili} Relations of Celtic Mintings to Roman Monetary System (Shown on the Example of Scordisci and Treveri) . 35 Milica Tapavi~ki-Ili} Odnos novca keltskih plemena prema rimskom nov~anom sistemu (na primeru Skordiska i Trevera) . 48 PRILOZI – APERÇUS Dragana Antonovi}, Kristina Stone Raw Materials in the Vin~a Culture: Petrographic Resimi}-[ari}, Vladica Cvetkovi} Analysis of Assemblage from Vin~a and Belovode . 53 Dragana Antonovi}, Kristina Kamene sirovine u vin~anskoj kulturi: Resimi}-[ari}, Vladica Cvetkovi} petrografska analiza materijala iz Vin~e i Belovoda . 65 Rastko Vasi} Srebrni nalaz iz Nikinaca . 67 Rastko Vasi} Silver Find from Nikinci . 73 Milorad Stoji} Podgorac Iron Age Hillfort Kornjet . 75 Milorad Stoji} Podgorac Gradina Korwet iz gvozdenog doba . 80 Sanja Pilipovi} Votive Refief from Barovo (Scupi), Contribution to Study of the Liber and Libera Cult in Upper Moesia . 81 Sawa Pilipovi} Votivni reqef iz Barova (Skupi), Prilog prou~avawu kulta Libera i Libere u Gorwoj Meziji . 95 Ivana Popovi} Bracelets from Viminacium and Sirmium as Evidence of Palmyra Goldsmithery Influences on Local Jewelry Production . 97 Ivana Popovi} Narukvice iz Viminacijuma i Sirmijuma kao svedo~anstvo o uticajima zlatarstva Palmire na lokalnu proizvodwu nakita . 105 Sne`ana Nikoli} A Group of Painted Vessels from Singidunum – a Contribution to the Researches on Painted Ceramics . 107 Sne`ana Nikoli} Grupa slikanih posuda iz Singidunuma – prilog prou~avawu slikane keramike . 110 Miroslav Jeremi} Adolf Hytrek et les premières fouilles archéologiques à Sirmium . 115 Miroslav Jeremi} Adolf Hitrek i prva arheolo{ka iskopavawa Sirmijuma . 131 Vujadin Ivani{evi}, Perica [pehar Early Byzantine Finds from ^e~an and Gornji Streoc (Kosovo) . 133 Vujadin Ivani{evi}, Perica [pehar Kasnoanti~ki nalazi sa ^e~ana i Gorwih Streoca (Kosovo) . 159 Ivan Bugarski A Contribution to the Study of Lamellar Armors . 161 Ivan Bugarski Prilog prou~avawu lamelarnih oklopa . 178 Marko Popovi} Problemi prou~avawa sredwovekovnog nasle|a u Polimqu . 181 Marko Popovi} Problems in the Study of the Medieval Heritage in the Lim Valley . 195 KRITIKE I PRIKAZI – COMPTES RENDUS Josip [ari} Production and Management of Lithic Materials in the European linearbandkeramik. Editor Laurance Burnez-Lanotte. Symposium 9.3, Actes of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium . 197 Dragana Antonovi} The Problem of Early Tin. Edited by Alessandra Giumlia-Mair, Fulvia Lo Schiavo. Actes of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2–8 September 2001 Section 11. Bronze Age in Europe and the Mediterranean. Symposium 11.2. BAR International Series 1199. Oxford 2003 . 199 Borislav Jovanovi} Marek Gedl, Die Beile in Polen IV, Prähistorische Bronzefunde (PBF) IX, Band 24 (A. Jockenhövel, W. Kubach Herausgebs.), Stuttgart 2004 . 201 Dragan Jovanovi} Rastko Vasi}, Die Nadeln im Zentralbalkan (Vojvodina, Serbien, Kosovo und Makedonien), Prähistorische Bronzefunde (PBF) XIII, Band 11, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart 2003 . 202 Rastko Vasi} Dunja Glogovi}, Fibeln im Kroatischen Küstengebiet (Istrien, Dalmatien), Prähistorische Bronzefunde (PBF) XIV, Band 13, Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart 2003 . 204 Branislav An|elkovi} Sava P. Tutund`i}, Donji Egipat u halkolitskom periodu i odnosi sa ju`nim Levantom (prva polovina IV milenijuma), Posebna izdanja 2, Srpsko arheolo{ko dru{tvo, Beograd 2004 . 204 Miroslava Mirkovi} Barbara Pferdehirt, Die Rolle des Militärs für den sozialen Aufstieg in der römischen Kaiserzeit, Römisch-germanisches Zentralmuseum, Forschungsinstitut für Vor- und Frühgeschichte, Monographien Bd. 49, Mainz 2002 . 206 Sne`ana Golubovi} Lyudmil Ferdinandov Vagalinski, Burnished Pottery from the First Century to the Beginning of the Seventh Century AD from the Region South of the Lower Danube (Bulgaria), Sofia 2002 . 208 NAU^NI SKUPOVI – ASSEMBLÉES Rastko Vasi} @ivot i delo Miodraga Grbi}a . 213 UDK 903.2 »632/638« (497.11) 9 JOSIP [ARI] Institute of Archaeology, Belgrade CHIPPED STONE PROJECTILES IN THE TERRITORY OF SERBIA IN PREHISTORY Abstract. – The projectiles are the least abundant group and the least known segment of the chipped stone artifacts in the prehistory of Serbia. In this work we studied all specimens known and available so far from the literature and/or in museum collections. We carried out the analysis of morphotechnical characteristics and defined basic types and their general dating. Key words. – projectiles, chipped stone, prehistory, Serbia. he question how, when and where bow and smaller mass than hand spear and special improvement arrow had been used for the first time in was the use of a tip made of chipped stone or ground T history has drawn attention of scholars long antler or bone. time ago but despite many archaeological discoveries Analyses of micro-damages on the edges of typo- precise answers have not been attained so far. logically clearly identified Levallois points indicated the method of attachment to the wooden body of the spear.2 The find of damaged Levallois point in the HISTORY OF PROJECTILE EVOLUTION neck vertebra of wild ass from Umm el Tlal after detailed analyses revealed that this type of spear was There is no doubt that occurrence of bow and certainly used for throwing at short distances. Small arrow was preceded by a long period characterized by speed of about 8–10 m/s was compensated by still re- use of their predecessor – a spear. The earliest known latively great mass of the weapon providing sufficient specimen is heavy, crudely worked wooden spear with kinetic energy for piercing of thick and strong skin and pointed tip found at Clacton on sea and it is one of just deep penetrating even into bone tissue of the game. a few proofs for use of organic materials for making According to the dating of the find from Umm el Tlal weapons already in the Lower Paleolithic.1 With this it all happened around 50.000 years ago.3 type of weaponry, which due to its size and weight was Next stage in the evolution process is marked by not intended for throwing the penetration was achieved appearance of specific throwing device, which extended as an effect of considerable kinetic energy resulting the hand as lever so the thrust was stronger, speed of from power and swiftness of stroke and the mass of the the projectile greater (around 25 m/s) and range much weapon. longer. In other words, some of so-called »commanding However, usefulness of this type of weapon was batons«, which occurred in the Late Paleolithic are in brought into question in two instances – in a situation fact ancestors of the tool known as atlatl, i.e. ot-lotle in when it is necessary to come close enough to a big the Aztec culture.4 Spears being thrown by using this game and thus put the life of a hunter at stake and when it is necessary to come even closer to small game, which certainly do not sit and wait for the hunter. Such situ- 1 Adkins and Adkins 1988, 14. 2 ations inevitably resulted in creating more efficient Ronen, 1990, 3–17. 3 Boëda et al. 1999, 394–402. weapons – throwing spears. For the first time we can 4 From Aztec term nahuatl originating from the word atla speak about projectile, which had smaller length and meaning to throw. STARINAR LV/2005. 10 JOSIP [ARI] device are shorter and lighter (their weight is about yew. The bows were up to 1.5 m even up to 1.9 m long 300 gr) and with smaller and more precisely shaped and arrows were usually from 0.5 to 1.0 m long. stone tips.5 On the basis of dating of the sites where Bow strings were made of flax, animal tendons, these throwing rods were found this crucial transfor- intestines and leather and arrowheads were made of mation happened about twenty thousand years ago.6 stone, bone, antler, teeth, thorns or wood partially The efficiency of this device is confirmed also by hardened by fire. more recent historical notes about unpleasant surprise The skill mastered in production of bow and arrow and fear suffered by conquistadors who with Cortes is best explained in the ethnological notes recorded invaded Mexico in 1520. Heavy armored Spaniards among the members of Ona tribe who still in the who brought with them armors and firearms had been beginning of the 20th century inhabited vast areas of stunned by efficiency of technology originating from Tierra del Fuego. the Stone Age. Well-trained Aztec warrior could throw They made bows of the small birch (Nothofagus the spear using atlatl at the distance of 90 meters and pumilio) using exclusively white part of the tree. Only Spanish armors were easily pierced. The spears were the core was of red color and not suitable for use. It around 180 cm long and with barbed tips so the only was rather difficult to find the tree of required size, way to take it out of the body was to pull the tip around 1.20 m and also without knots.