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Specialists in insurance for the Foreign Service at Home And Abroad 1730 K Street, NW, Suite701, Washington DC 20006 Phone (202)872-0060 Fox (202) 466-9064 Telex 64514 Cable Clements/Washington Change and Challenge A year as AFSA president provides a great opportunity to see up close what AMERICAN FOREIGN a valuable national resource the Foreign Service is. It also provides a unique SERVICE ASSOCIATION Governing Board perspective on the future of the Service and brings into focus critical issues that President: WILLIAM A. KIRBY need to be addressed. Therefore, with the world in which we practice our various State Vice President. JOSEPH H. MELROSE JR. AID Vice President: CAREY COULTER crafts changing around us, and with the administration we currently serve com¬ USIA Vice President: RAZVIGOR BAZALA mitted to change, it's worth listing some priority areas that deserve serious at¬ Retiree Vice President: CHARLES A. SCHMITZ Secretary: CATHERINE BARRY tention in the period ahead. Treasurer: ANNE WOODS PATTERSON Recruitment: Are we really getting the people we need through the current State Representatives: PAULA BOYD JONATHAN FARRAR system? People to exercise leadership on global issues, to harness new technol¬ ROBERT PERRY SUE SAARNIO ogy' to the management of our posts abroad, and to reflect the diversity of AID Representatives: JAMES DEMPSEY American society? Are we getting the best of these? Our competitors are out hand¬ JAMES WASHINGTON USIA Representative: LAUREN HALE picking employees against a strategic vision of future personnel needs. Should Retired Representatives: PATRICIA M. BYRNE we be doing the same? DANIEL NEWBERRY DONALD R. NORLAND Junior-Officer Coning: The current approach of deferred coning for new DAVID SCHNEIDER officers is clearly raising more questions than it is answering. In view of Staff Executive Director. SUSAN REARDON management’s continuing difficulty in deciding how to go about dealing with Business Department the first group of unconed officers in just a few months, maybe it's time to declare Controller: CATHY FREGELETTF. Office Manager. JUDY SHINN the present system a well-intentioned but failed experiment. In a broader sense, Accounting Assistant: SHEREF. E. BEANE of course, no means of coning will be seen as completely satisfactory' until all Administratin' Assistants: DIANNA DUNBRACK cones have equal access to the top levels of the Service. MICHAEL DAILEY Excursion Tours: Greater flexibility and creativity in assignments cannot Legal Services Legal Counsel: SHARON PAPP help but strengthen the Service. The emphasis on global issues, democratization, Staff Attorney: COLLEEN FALLON Law Clerks: EDWIN GANIA and business promotion as central elements of American diplomacy suggests PATRICIA A. MALONE the need for a greater exchange of personnel among all the foreign affairs agen¬ Member Services Director: JAMES YORKE cies. Similarly, we will be well-served by an increase in the number of exchange Representatives: DEBORAH M. LEAHY assignments with our Civil Service colleagues, allowing them the opportunity JULIE SMITHLINE DEREK TERRELL to experience the unique problems of service abroad. Membership Acting Director: LORI DEC Specialists: What can be more important in the Foreign Sen-ice than sound Director: JANET HEDRICK policy? For starters, well-managed offices, functioning facilities, reliable com¬ Representative: NORAJANE McINTYRE munications, and security - all of which are indispensable but too often taken Professional Issues: RICHARD S. THOMPSON for granted. Management must assure that our specialists are the most qualified Retiree Liaison. WARD THOMPSON people we can find, that their careers are predictable and rewarding, and that Congressional Liaison: RICK WEISS they have ready access to needed training. Our success in carrying out that Scholarship Coordinator and "sound policy" depends on it. Systems Administrator. THERESA AURRICHIO User-Friendly Regulations: Housing, travel, and personnel regulations Speakers Bureau and International Associates: GIL KULICK have a crucial bearing on the quality of Foreign Service life and therefore on Conferences: JOHN J. HARTER individual decisions about remaining in the Sendee. Management has the long¬ The American Foreign Service Asstxiation, founded in 192 4. is term task of assuring that policies in these key areas will contribute to the highest the professional association of the Foreign Service and the official representative of all Foreign Service employees in the Department of State, and the United States Information Agency retention rate possible. In the meantime, however, these regulations should be and the Agency for International Development under the terms of the Foreign Service Act of 1980. Active or Retired membership rewritten to make them clear to everyone. No employee should need a translator in AFSA is open to all current or retired employees of the U.S. foreign affairs agencies. Associate membership is open to to understand the most basic aspects of professional life. persons having an interest in or close association with the * * * Foreign Service. .Annual dues: Active Members—$85-188; Re¬ tired Members—$45-62; Associate Member—S50. All AFSA members are members of the Foreign Service Club, Please note: This list is clearly not exhaustive. The new AFSA Governing Board which you .AFSA dues and Legislative Action Fund donations may lx deductible as an ordinary and necessary business expense for have elected takes office this month. Let them know what else needs to be done. federal income tax purposes. Scholarship and AFSA Fund donations are deductible as charitable contributions.
Better yet, get personally involved. Whether you’re overseas or in Washington, AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION. 2101 E Street NW, Washington, D.C. 2003". Executive offices, membership, active or retired, in this time of change and challenge AFSA needs your active professional issues, scholarship programs, insurance pro¬ grams. JOURNAL offices: (202) 338-4045. Governing Board, support. standing committees, general counsel, labor-management relations, member services, grievances: (202) 647-Sl60 • —William Kirby FAX: (202) 647-0265 • USIA Member Services (202) 401- 6405 • Foreign Service Club (202) 338-5730.
2 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 JULY 1993 JOURNAL
Editorial Board Chairman BRANDON GROVE
JANET BOGUE C. STUART CALLISON PHYLLIS DICHTER-FORBES JOE B. JOHNSON ROBERT MAUSHAMMER DONALD R. NORLAND PHYLLIS OAKLEY ERIC RUBIN ROBERT TOTH Ask Mr. Ethicsperson 21 Strobe the Great? HANS N. TUCH
“The Independent Voice of the FEATURES Foreign Service” Embassy in Crisis 12 Editor ANNE STEVENSON-YANG An Interview with Former Ambassador to Zaire Melissa Wells Associate Editor NANCY A. JOHNSON Speaking Out: Unwelcome Notoriety in the “Missing” Case 16 Advertising Manager TINA M. DREYFUS BY FREDERICK DUNBAR PURDY Communications Assistant LIZ ALLAN Ask Mr. Ethicsperson 21 Editorial Intern LAKSHMI ARJOONSINGH BY JIM ANDERSON Design MARKETING & MEDIA SOLUTIONS Focus: DOING LESS WITH LESS? FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL (ISSN 0015-7279), 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037-2990, is Creating a Foreign Immigration Service 24 published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, a private, non-profit organization. BY DIANE REIMER BEAN AND FRANCES T. JONES Material appearing herein represents the opinions of the writers and does not necessarily represent Austerity Comes to Bangui 27 the views of AFSA or the JOURNAL. Writer queries are invited. The Important Job No One Will Miss JOURNAL subscription: AFSA Members -$9-50 BY LADD CONNELL included in annual dues; others - $40. Overseas subscription (except Canada) - $50 per year. Airmail not available. Second-class postage paid at Washington, D.C. and at additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send Strobe the Great? The Russia-Policy Tsar 30 address changes to FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL, 2101 E BY DAVID CALLAHAN Street, N.W.. Washington, D.C. 20037-2990. Microfilm copies: University Microfilm Library Services, Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106 (October Post-Referendum Canada 36 1967 to present). Indexed by Public Affairs BY DWIGHT N. MASON Information Service (PAIS). Advertising inquiries invited. The appearance of advertisements herein does not imply the endorsement of the services or Poem by Howard Simpson 47 goods offered. FAX: 202/338-6820 or 202/338- 8244 • TELEPHONE: 202/338-4045 or 338-4054.
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Send address changes for the Foreign Service Journal to AFSA, 2101 E Street NW, AFSA Views 2 The Global Gourmet. 49 Washington, DC 30037-2990 Letters 6 In Memory 53 Clippings 8 50 Years Ago/Quiz ... 60 THE COVER: Despatch 11 Advertising Sections AFSA News .Pull-out section Classifieds 55 Illustration Books 40 Real Estate 57 by Becky Heavner Postcard from Abroad 45 Marketplace ..pull-out section
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 3 IF YOU CAN'T GET IT OVERSEAS
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Mail this registration form and accompanying CITY. STATE. support documents to: COUNTRY. Ford Diplomatic Sales Program Headquarters P.O. Box 1109 PHONE NUMBER ( Bloomfield Hills, MI 48303-1109 or, fax the information to us at (313) 350-1154 FAX/TELEX NUMBER I “ORPHANED” AGDA NEEDS A with 25 years experience in that agency— PARENT none of them in VOA—I should like to support the views expressed by Tom To THE EDITOR: Tuch in his article on government broad¬ Having once admired ACDA as the casting (May Journal)- best-working government organization I look at the VOA as an integral part I had ever seen, I regret having to of the U.S. government’s efforts over¬ disagree with David Callahan’s article seas in the field of public diplomacy, “ACDA: The Orphaned Agency,” (April Could this mayhem have occurred if which includes all educational, cultural, Journal), in which he calls for its contin¬ ACDA had been part of the Department and informational programs. In my area ued existence as an independent agency. of State? I like to think that these events of Latin America, VOA broadcasting When it was established in 1961, would at least have become known was and is not as important as in other ACDA represented something of a de¬ around town. In sum, I agree entirely parts of the world. . . . However, even parture—with its emphasis on the pro¬ that an enormous task still lies ahead for in Latin America, VOA broadcasting has motion of national security through arms control; but the people undertak¬ been and could be critical to the U.S. means other than new weapons sys¬ ing it need a roof over their head. I think government when changes in govern¬ tems. ACDA’s first years thus came to be it’s better to make them part of the ments in the region lead to restrictions characterized by high morale and a establishment. on USIS access to local stations. At such brilliantly coordinated inter-disciplinary Ralph Stuart Smith times VOA may be the only U.S. govern¬ effort—culminating in the nuclear non¬ Special assistant to the first ment instrument available to reach the proliferation treaty of 1968. director of ACDA people of such countries. President Johnson, at least to some Bethesda, Maryland Washington seems to suffer from a extent, continued Kennedy’s supportive chronic affliction. Every few years some¬ role—notwithstanding his consuming CLIMB THE HIGHEST one decides that USIA should be parti¬ preoccupation with Vietnam. But when MOUNTAIN tioned despite the fact that it took 25 President Nixon came into office, with years to get all the pieces together. I am Henry Kissinger as his national security To THE EDITOR: referring to the educational and cultural adviser, ACDA’s fortunes were destined The May Journal contains a Geogra¬ programs, which remained in the De¬ to decline. To be sure, when Nixon phy Quiz, which names Erebus (12,300 partment of State when USIA was estab¬ signed the SALT agreements at the Mos¬ feet) as the highest mountain in Antarc¬ lished in the early days of the Eisenhower cow summit of 1972 and then told the tica. I beg to differ. Administration and were not transferred good news to a joint session of Con¬ An active volcano, Mt. Erebus towers to USIA until the Carter Administration. gress, it was a national triumph—which impressively over the largest U.S. scien¬ During all those years USIS officers certainly contributed to his re-election. tific station in Antarctica, McMurdo, on managed these programs overseas for But what was the reward for the Ross Island, but it is not the highest on the State Department, a somewhat awk¬ arms-control team that had made this the continent. ward arrangement as most cultural af¬ triumph possible? They were fired. The 1980 edition of Geographic fairs officers can testify. Since it took a Gerard Smith, head of the U.S. SALT Names of the Antarctic, published by Democratic administration to bring all delegation (and then-director of ACDA) the National Science Foundation, says public diplomacy programs together, it is quoted: “A number of my SALT asso¬ this about the Vinson Massif: “A large would be tragic indeed if another Demo¬ ciates left the government as part of the mountain massif in the southern por¬ cratic administration destroyed this ac¬ purge that ushered in the second Nixon tion of the main ridge of the Sentinel complishment. administration ... of the 17 people in Range, Ellsworth Mountains. The massif Let us hope that wisdom will prevail ACDA’s top positions in 1972, only three is about 13 miles long and 8 miles wide and that USIA will continue as a unified were left by 1974. In 1973 the ACDA and has a height of 16,864 feet, the agency and that all broadcasting, whether budget was cut by a third and it lost 50 highest elevation in Antarctica.” to China or Cuba or elsewhere, will be of its 230 employees.” Why? As Strobe It is named for Carl G. Vinson of administered by the VOA without set¬ Talbott was later to report in his book, Georgia, whose deep interest in Antarc¬ ting up new, expensive boards such as Deadly Gambits, Senator Henry Jackson tica mustered strong congressional sup¬ proposed for Radio Free Asia. Indeed, “demanded that Nixon purge the SALT port for Antarctica exploration from in these times of severe budgetary re¬ delegation and the Arms Control and 1935 to 1961. straints not only should Radio Liberty Disarmament Agency.” . . . And hardly Robert D. Yoder and Radio Free Europe be abolished, anyone in Washington knew it was Retired Foreign Service officer but the separate board for Radio Marti happening. Although ACDA’s fortunes Springfield, Vermont should also be eliminated and all broad¬ fluctuated somewhat in later years, it casting to Cuba should be directly un¬ was never to be the same again. Having ONE BROADCAST VOICE der VOA. been a witness to these goings-on, I have Dorothy Dillon found time to reflect on the vulnerability of To THE EDITOR: Former assistant director of small, independent agencies. As a former assistant director of USLA USIA for Latin America 6 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 S A INI JOSE Los A I\J <3 LIES ORANGE COUINJTY
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El T R O I "T IVI E M P H i s ■ PHILADELPHIA MORE necessary functions.” “Within Rock Creek Cemetery, Other senior administration officials over by New Hampshire Avenue, argue that in terms of sheer numbers, the Clinton Administration is ahead of is an acre of marble and granite the Bush Administration in getting its set aside for the final resting there are no ambassadors or even nomi¬ ambassadorial appointments through places of the city’s most traveled, nees for 37 of tiie 164 embassies around the tortuous nominating, security, and and thus temperamentally the world—including India, Australia, confirmation process. Belgium, Israel, Italy, Korea, Morocco, What the numbers do not show, homeless, citizens. This is the the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, and So¬ however, is that the Clinton Administra¬ place where old Foreign Service malia—largely because Mr. Clinton has tion has left many of the world’s most officers . . . can lay their weary yet to make his choices. . . . important posts empty, and that there heads. ” The White House takes exception to seems little rush to fill them. . . . the criticism that it is moving slowly. Complicating matters is that Mr. —Washington Fareu>ell, by “We’re moving through the process and Clinton wants to reward a number of his Charles Trueheart the pace at which we are moving is the closest friends and most importatnt con¬ THE WASHINGTON POST MAGAZINE, appropriate pace," said Bruce R. Lindsey, tributors with embassies, according to MAY 23, 1993 director of presidential personnel. . . . senior administration officials. . . . “We’ll certainly have ambassadors in all Mr. Christopher, meanwhile, follow¬ those countries.” ing a State Department tradition, has SLOW MOTION In fact, Mr. Lindsey said he thinks submitted a list of career Foreign Service the embassies are functioning per¬ officers for every empty ambassadorial THE NEW YORK TIMES, JUNE 4, 1993 fectly well without ambassadors. “Each post. He is said by aides to be particu¬ BY JANE GROSS of these embassies has career people larly eager to reward those senior offi¬ Five months into the administration there fully capable of performing all cials who are wandering the corridors at The Remington Fits Your Washington Schedule.
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8 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 State since they lost their posts with the change in administrations.
NO HIRES
THE WASHINGTON POST, MAY 11, 1993
BY JOHN M. GOSHKO Almost two years after Congress de¬ cided U.S. citizens could compete for previously restricted jobs in American embassies abroad, the State Depart¬ ment continues to block its far-flung outposts from hiring Americans. Department officials say the delay comes from difficulties involved in implementing tile law. ... At issue are approximately 9,400 positions... that for years were filled only by foreign nationals.. . . HOME AIVAY The principal problem, everyone agrees, is State’s insistence on devising pay scales for different jobs in different FROM HOME countries that are comparable to the going rate for similar positions in the For FARA Members United States. . . . Critics of State’s approach say it re¬ For all FARA members we are proud to provide flects continued foot-dragging by a de¬ the best hotel values in the Washington, D.C. partment that was against hiring Ameri¬ Metropolitan Area. Our housing inventory offers cans in the first place.... Whatever the properties featuring studios, one-bedroom, two reason, State Department officials pri¬ vately acknowledge that unless there is bedroom apartments, spacious suites and hotel considerably more pressure from Con¬ rooms. You make the choice. gress, the matter is unlikely to be re¬ Each location has unique proximity to solved anytime soon. major federal centers around the Nation’s Capital including FSI, State Department, the Pentagon, NOT A TREMENDOUS DEMOTION Arlington, National Airport, Old Town Alexandria, Foggy Bottom Metro Station, THE WASHINGTON POST, MAY 21, 1993 Georgetown, the Kennedy Center and the White BY AL KAMEN April C. Glaspie . . . has gone off to House. Somalia to work on the United Nations For more information on location, fea¬ relief effort. But she will be heading tures and rates of participating FARA hotels call back to Washington soon. . . . Glaspie, a career Foreign Service officer, has Direct: (703) 684-1825 landed gainful employment at the de¬ partment as director of the Office of Fax#: (703)548-0266 Southern African Affairs. A department press officer said that while in the past this job might be seen as a two-step demotion from ambassa¬ dorial-rank duties, Secretary of State Warren Christopher . . . has expanded the authority of regional office directors. tava FOREIGN AFFAIRS RECREATION ASSOCIATION ... “This is not a tremendous demotion,” FARA HOUSING DIVISION, 610 Bashford Lane, Alexandria, VA 22314 the spokesman insisted. ■
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in the State Department say that Kenney Christopher the Conciliator did not make a fair attempt to register his views through normal channels. n his introductory talk before State ers to promote the professional devel¬ Nevertheless, a feeling that the views of I Department employees on Janu¬ opment of their employees, and other¬ career Foreign Service officers on for¬ ary 25, Secretary Warren Christo¬ wise making an effort to push authority eign policy were not respected by Sec¬ pher signaled openness to contro¬ farther down the bureaucratic totempole. retary Baker and his circle of trusted versy and respect for the views of According to former department spokes¬ advisers was widespread during the career employees of the department. man Richard Boucher, Christopher has Bush administration. He may not have realized how soon his “had seminars with working-level people The Haig State Department during tolerance for dissent would be put to the from throughout the department on the early years of the Reagan adminis¬ test, but he seems to have risen to the Russia. . . . He’s met previously with tration derailed or cut short the careers occasion, making it abundantly clear people who disagreed with policy and, of a sizable group of Foreign Service that a new era has begun. as you know, has been open.” In his officers who had tried to tell policy¬ The test came at the end of April, January 25 talk, Christopher called for makers that not all evil in Central America when, seemingly in concert, U.S. policy more consultation with Congress, im¬ stemmed from Soviet aggression but in the Balkan war was challenged by an plicitly overturning the Baker “gag rule. ” that poverty and indigenous scurrilous¬ appeal to President Clinton from Elie “I want you to know that I’m going to ness played roles as well. The example Wiesel at the opening of Washington’s trust the people in the department to provided by the official snubbing of Holocaust Museum, a letter to the presi¬ talk to others on Capitol Hill, and I’m officers like James Cheek, Jack Binns, dent from UN Ambassador Madeleine going to take risks in that regard,” he and John Bushnell and the highly pub¬ Albright that was leaked to the press, said. licized retirements-in-protest of Frank and a letter to Christopher from 12 The secretary, who is said to be McNeil and Bob White cast a chill Foreign Service officers that made its concerned with protecting the presi¬ over the State Department, many of way to the New York Times. According dent from the erosion of already thin whose officers inferred that telling the to press reports, the State Department public support for U.S. military involve¬ truth as they saw it could mean career letter, signed by the desk officers for ment in the Balkans, could not have oblivion. Serbia and Montenegro, Albania, Roma¬ been happy with the letter addressed to The message that “professional,” like nia, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, him. But, despite the leak to the Times— “liberal," is no longer a derogatory tenn Croatia, and Slovenia as well as by other apparently against the explicit wishes of was reinforced in a talk on February 5 officials involved in Yugoslav policy, all the letter’s signers—Boucher called by Deputy Secretary Clifton Wharton, condemned U.S. policy as “capitula¬ the protest “a healthy, normal part of the who said: “You who are career State tion” to Serbian aggression and urged policy process,” and he quoted Christo¬ Department professionals have our direct military involvement in the con¬ pher as having said, “this is what the deepest respect. If the new administra¬ flict. Christopher received the letter on Foreign Service is all about.” tion is to succeed in realigning the Saturday, April 17 and met with the 12 In the last well-publicized example department in ways that will make it signers on Monday the 19th. When of chafing at State over the even more effective in a new but no less Christopher subsequently set out on a administration’s policy in Yugoslavia, difficult world, we need your exper¬ week-long European tour to seek sup¬ Yugoslavia desk officer George Kenney tise. ” Such gestures of respect for career port for deeper foreign involvement in resigned, saying that he would be able employees have been underscored in the conflict, he took one of the desk to wield more influence over policy comments by AID Administrator Brian officers with him. from without the State Department than Atwood. His reaction was in keeping with from within (see the Foreign Service As the new administration works out efforts to include lower-level officers in Journal, September 1992). Kenney be¬ its foreign policy, trust in career officers policy circles, if not precisely in deci¬ lieved that his support for military inter¬ is extremely welcome to the Foreign sion-making. Christopher and deputies vention on behalf of the Bosnians wou Id Service. Creating a more open atmosphere have said repeatedly that they are invit¬ not receive a fair hearing in the depart¬ for debate could do more than any coming ing desk officers to take notes at the ment. Once Kenney had resigned, Act¬ reorganization to avoid such damaging secretary’s meetings, adjusting the pro¬ ing Secretary Eagleburger was gracious policies as the Reagan Administration’s motion precepts to encourage manag¬ in his support of the protest, and critics Central America crusade. ■
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 11 Embassy in
Editor’s Note: A career For¬ eign Service officer, Melissa Wells’s posts have included resident representative of the UN Development Program in Uganda, 1979-1981; U.S. ambassador to Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau, 1976-1977; ambassador to Mozambique, 1987-1990; and ambassador to Zaire, 1991-1993- Shortly after An Interview with Former her anival in Kinshasa, a long Ambassador to Zaire Melissa Wells period of economic misman¬ agement under the regime of This interview was conducted on President Mobutu Sese Seko March 31, when A mbassador Wells was in Washington on her way to New York came to a head in the form of to take up her responsibilities as United mutinies by the Zairian army Nations under-secretary-generalfor ad¬ and urban riots leading to a ministration and management. Jour¬ general collapse of the nal Editor Anne Stevenson-Yang spoke with Ambassador Wells. economy. In the southeastern province of Shaba, tens of JOURNAL: When was the evacuation? thousands of ethnic Kasaians WELLS: The evacuation was in Sep¬ tember of 1991, and, if I remember the have been forced from their numbers correctly, we had, at that time, y homes by members of rival 146 direct-hire personnel. In a matter of ethnic groups, who are believed about 48 hours, we were reduced to 35- to have the support of President In addition to our embassy staff, the official Americans, close to 3,000 Ameri¬ Mobuti t. Shaba’s governor has cans, were evacuated, and this included been accused of carrying out a a lot of missionaries from the interior of program of “ethnic cleansing, ” die country and business people as the French ambassador was killed. and the United States has well, many of whom never came back. We reduced the staff to a bare mini¬ JOURNAL: Wouldyou describe briefly provided assistance to some of mum, and our families were evacuated, how it was living there after the evacu¬ the displaced Kasaians, who and it became an unaccompanied post. ation? I understand your husband was in have set up ad hoc refugee When we had our most recent South Africa. camps near the railroad troubles, in late January of this year, WELLS: Following the evacuation, we “consolidated,” which means that most families returned to the United stations at Kolwezi and Likasi. people go to designated places to States. Some families who had immedi¬ In September 1991 Americans sleep so that, should we want to move ate family living outside the U.S. re¬ were evacuatedfrom Zaire. In more quickly, we have eveiyone to¬ ceived permission to be “safe-havened” April 1993, Ambassador Wells gether. Then, when we moved around with those relatives. In our case, we the city, it was under armed escort— have two sons—one living in Brazil and was reassigned. She has not our own security officers. We didn’t the other in South Africa, so the depart¬ been replaced. just drive around by ourselves. There ment agreed that my husband could go were too many incidents; this is when to be with the son in South Africa. As we
12 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 work at the American Embassy too?” bill that you’ve never even seen, al¬ But it’s such a huge place, so compart¬ though somehow that collection letter mentalized, that I just had not run got through. That’s very trying. I have a across him. 96-year-old stepmother in California That’s hard to do in a small place, who’s not well at all, and trying to deal though Zaire wasn’t a small place—we with that problem from what my son were one of the largest posts in Africa calls “the telecommunications heart of before the evacuation. After the evacu¬ darkness” was trying. ation we just shriveled up. There were This is the second time my husband huge, vacant halls and offices in the and I had been separated. In 1979,1 was chancery. We still had an enormous a senior UN official in Uganda, and they number of houses and apartments that had just evacuated, because there had we wanted to get rid of, but there was been two murders. I came in just as no market. everybody was going out. My husband First we had to get people out, which and our younger son at that stage lived we did very successfully, thank God, in Nairobi, but Nairobi was easy—an without one casualty of any kind. Then hour by plane from Kampala, or you ended up living apart for just over 18 after the evacuation there was the evacu¬ could drive as well, if you could get to months, this was a particularly frustrat¬ ation of furniture, of personal effects. the border before it closed. While it was ing time for my husband, who was Then we had a “pet evac” for people another separation, we saw each other perpetually at loose ends, not being who had left pets behind. We only took much more often. While I was in Zaire able to work. But at least he was with dogs and cats—we didn’t take parrots and my husband in South Africa, in 18 one of our sons. or snakes or whatever else. Then, be¬ months we saw each other four times. I I’d say most of my energy at the post, cause we were afraid there would be think two evacuations in one career are in spite of all the democratization efforts another rampage of looting, we packed more than enough. I hope there won’t going on, was spent in trying to keep up out the household effects of people be an evacuation in New York. morale. I’d like to think morale was who had been left behind. Those of us rather good, despite our hardship, who stayed were allowed to ship out JOURNAL: Suppose you had been understaffing, and unaccompanied sta¬ any part of our personal effects we ambassador there five or even ten years tus. As chief of mission, I think it’s very wanted and have them stored in earlier. Is there something you would important to take a personal interest in Antwerp. There was an awful lot of have done differently that might have each individual and to get to know each packing and all of us were supervising changed the course of events in Zaire? person individually. There are some packing—we wanted to get it out of WELLS: So many changes have taken people whose fears come out. It’s one there before the rioting started all over place in the world. The obvious issue thing to have parties and get-togethers: again. you’re addressing is our policy in Angola I didn’t do too much of that, because [which President Mobutu supported], other people were doing that. I spent JOURNAL: What was the hardest and I’ve certainly answered that ques¬ my efforts on building a relationship thing about those months of relative tion often enough in Zaire, but you have with every single person on the staff, isolation? to realize this was another era: it was the inviting them to one-on-one lunches, WELLS: I suppose the most difficult Cold War. These were our strategic and keeping in touch. It’s very reward¬ aspect of life there was the lack of interests, and we had to take measures ing. It takes a lot of time, it takes a lot of communication. All right, you’re to carry them out. Now, when that game effort, but it paid off by making us all unaccompanied to begin with, but if changed, so did our goals. I think many closer. This happens very often at diffi¬ you’re unaccompanied and you have a Zairians found it very difficult to accept cult posts. phone service that works, no matter this. I used to hear almost daily, “You I remember my third post overseas, how much it costs, life is easier. But in put Mobutu there, now you get rid of which was London. I guess I’d been our case, phone calls were difficult to him.” They wanted the 82nd Airborne to there about a year almost, and I went to get through, and the pouch service was come in or have a UN peacekeeping the Fourth-of-July party, met this very disrupted every time there was a civil force, and I had to explain that these nice American, and we talked, and said, disturbance. It bugs your personal life. were not realistic options, that the world “We must get together.” “Oh, I work at You get letters that the sheriffs coming had changed, these were not the 1960s the American Embassy.” “Oh really, you to get you because you haven’t paid a anymore, and that they needed to de-
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 13 velop a process. It was not a question of still something like 60,000 Kasaians— and the whole issue, in terms of watch¬ finding a person to support, but rather these are people from another region ing what’s going on in the former Yugo¬ they had to develop a process that we living in the Shaba region—at the rail¬ slavia—can we just stand by and watch could support. road station in Likasi. I went down in people being attacked? Do you just turn Eventually, that became our policy. October to see the situation first-hand, your back or do you try to help? I can The process toward the transition pro¬ and while there was no barbed wire only speak to you on a very personal cedure, which included the prime min¬ around the railroad station in Likasi, I basis. I certainly addressed these issues ister, an interim legislature, something considered it a concentration camp. I when I was in Uganda right after Idi like a high council, and the president, mean, people were dying. Obviously Amin. That was the most violence and each with defined roles, and then head¬ the children are the most affected—the chaos that I’ve had in my career thus far. ing for free and fair elections. mortality rate among children under Once you’ve seen it, it’s very difficult It was never allowed to come about. five was growing by leaps and bounds, simply to turn your back and write a I can say it quite openly: Mobutu didn’t and the sanitation was very poor. We report. It becomes a very personal jump the democratization process in came forward with some emergency thing—however, it’s difficult in terms of Zaire, in terms of closing it down clum¬ assistance, first some small grants to get building a policy. I think one has to sily by military force—he’s a very, very latrines built and get the water supply determine what one can do, how effec¬ shrewd politician. There were occa¬ under control. An Office of Foreign tive will whatever actions taken be— sions when military force was used, but Disaster Assistance team came down we’re learning. There are no easy an¬ the style he used was death by a thou¬ and made an assessment. We needed to swers in this new world, in the post- sand cuts, and I think what you see now take measures in terms of temporary Cold War world. is what is left of this democratization shelters for those [displaced persons] process: nothing. who managed to get out. That was over JOURNAL: Is there anything you’d When I met with him for my farewell $1 million worth of assistance. like readers to know about Zaire? visit, I told him, under instructions, of WELLS: Zaire has played such an course, that I would not be replaced by JOURNAL: Could there be a role for important part in Africa, and we still an ambassador, that there would not be the UN in Zaire like the one in Somalia? consider it to be one of the most impor¬ an American ambassador in Kinshasa WELLS: Certainly everybody’s been tant countries in Africa—so many people until such time as there would be in talking about it. Zairians have been have served in Zaire, it’s amazing. I place and functioning a government of talking about it for a long time. I think think those people understand clearly transition, according to the procedures the question has to be raised as to how the magnitude of the task of trying to set up over the past 18 months through we internationalize our concern about bring a multi-party system to the coun¬ political negotiations and with the ap¬ die lack of progress toward democrati¬ try. I think it's people who have not proval of the High Council, the interim zation in Zaire. For example, at the lived there who might think, “Why can’t body which is supposed to function like recent meeting of the UN Human Rights they just get on with it?” or “Why don’t a parliament. Commission in Geneva, there was a you just tell President Mobutu to leave?” very strong resolution on Zaire, con¬ They talk as if he were the Wicked JOURNAL: Practically speaking, what demning Zaire for its abuses of human Witch of the West and would just melt effect does the lack of an ambassador rights—that type of action, which might and disappear. The man won’t leave! have on our relations? be more in the area of what we could Outsiders, particularly, have miscon¬ WELLS: I think the practical aspect is call preventive diplomacy. You take ceptions as to the difficulty of bring¬ that we are not according to President measures to keep areas of the world ing political pluralism to a country the Mobutu the legitimacy that the accredi¬ from turning into Somalias. size of Zaire with its history. That’s not tation of an ambassador conveys. An to say we shouldn’t play a construc¬ American ambassador is the personal JOURNAL: How much would it af¬ tive role—we should continue to play representative of the president of the fect U.S. interests if Zaire were to go that one. I’m very proud that I've played a United States, and by no longer having route? small part. an ambassador there, it puts our rela¬ WELLS: That’s a very personal ques¬ When I arrived there was a very tionship onto a different plane. tion. Let me put it this way: I assume that strong anti-American feeling. By early one has to address the cost of these 1992 we had several incidents where JOURNAL: Is there hope for Zaire? missions and efforts for humanitarian they were throwing rocks at cars, WELLS: It’s a very bleak picture, very assistance. At the moment you’re look¬ smashing windows, and so forth. I’m depressing. For over a year now we’ve ing at Somalia, and everybody wonders very glad that that’s turned around had what you can only call ethnic whether Somalia is going to set the now. The U.S. is perceived in a much cleansing going on in the south, in precedent, that every time something more understanding light, and it’s Shaba. When I left, the figure that the happens in the world the U.S. is going important that we use our political International Red Cross used was of at to rush out. I can’t give you the answer influence to try to bring about change, least 120,000 people affected, displaced, to that. I can just tell you that it’s very even though I feel it will come about forced to move, homes burnt. TJiere’re much on the minds of policy-makers, very, very slowly. ■
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The Missing Legacy One man’s losing battle against public opinion in the disappearance of an American in Chile
any among the read¬ whether that made any difference in the the Chilean government was very help¬ M ers of the Foreign Ser- effectiveness of our search. When we ful; his family and friends perhaps feared viceJoumalwiU know finally learned of his death about a damaging his reputation, and the Chil¬ me personally. More month later, it turned out that he had ean military may have thought that will recognize my died a few hours before we first heard opening their files would have revealed name. I was involved in the Missing of his disappearance. either culpability or lack of cooperation affair, in which officers of the American with the embassy. Nevertheless, based Embassy in Chile were accused of com¬ The Hormans’ story on careful analysis and interviews with plicity in the death of a young American, The story that has been promulgated witnesses and persons in positions of Charles Horman, at the time of the 1973 by Charles Horman’s family and friends authority or with access to information, coup that overthrew Salvador Allende about his disappearancee is roughly as I arrived at the following conclusions: and installed General Pinochet. follows: Horman was an idealist and Horman’s family brought suit against pacifist living with his wife, Joyce, in My story the U.S. government, and later the film Santiago. He had come to Chile to Charles Horman was deeply involved director Costa Gavras made a popular experience the Allende “experiment in with the Revolutionary Movement of the movie called Missing, about the inci¬ the peaceful transition to socialism.” On Lefti MIR), hardly a pacifist group, which dent. As our consul in Santiago at the September 10, 1973, he took a visiting sought the violent overthrow of Allende’s time, I was unjustly accused of involve¬ friend, Terry Simon, to Vina del Mar to • constitutional government on the ment in Horman’s death. 'Hie U.S. govern¬ see the beach, and they were delayed in grounds that he was moving too slowly. ment failed vigorously to defend me and returning to Santiago by the coup the On September 10, Horman went with my fellow defendants, and die stigma lias next day. On September 16, Honnan Terry Simon to participate in a MIR rally followed trie for 20years now. The injustice and Simon returned to Horman’s house scheduled for the morning of Septem¬ done to me still sticks in my craw. on Vicuna Mackenna Avenue in ber 11 (and thus overtaken by the coup) Santiago. Horman had become a target in Valparaiso to protest the Chilean Disappearance of the Chilean military because he had Navy’s petition to the court for removal The coup took most of us—both uncovered evidence of U.S. involve¬ of the congressional immunity of Sena¬ Americans and Chileans—by surprise, ment in the coup against Allende. Thus, tor Carlos Altamirano for inciting its and we were further shocked by its after he returned home, uniformed men sailors to mutiny. Horman took along violence. In the consulate, we made do took him prisoner and threw him in an some leaflets to pass out at the rally and with what we had, including an imper¬ open truck. He was taken to the Na¬ later tried to flush them down the toilet fect registration system, and we an¬ tional Stadium and shot. When Enrique in his hotel. swered more than 700 welfare-and- Sandoval, a former minor official of the Upset that the coup had interrupted whereabouts inquiries on Americans in Allende government, reported Horman’s the plans of the Chilean left, Honnan the country. We did what we could for murder to the American Embassy, the believed that the United States was the numerous Americans who were information was ignored. Testimony by involved, but this is untrue and unsup¬ detained by the military forces, even Rafael Gonzalez, a junior official of ported by any solid evidence. Terry though U.S. non-recognition of the new Chilean military intelligence, about over¬ Simon was with Horman all the time at junta hampered our action. We re¬ hearing a kill order for Honnan con¬ Vina del Mar, near Valparaiso, but she ceived a report shortly after noon on firmed U.S. acquiescence in his death. has never disclosed the evidence of September 18 that a call had been Years later, I conducted my own involvement he allegedly had in his received indicating that Charles Horman investigation of the incident, comparing possession. Horman was never seen by might have been detained, and we the stories that had been told and plot¬ anyone who lived in the immediate began trying to find him. He had never ting where people had been at various neighborhood of the Vicuna Mackenna registered with us, but it is hard to tell times. Neither Horman’s supporters nor house. His wife, Joyce, seems to have
16 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 misunderstood what a witness told her in Spanish (which she did not speak comfortably) about Horman’s alleged detention by uniformed men. When that witness was re-interviewed, she AJ* If you need to said she had never seen Charles Horman and that no one was “taken away” in a ySjf Irani this summer, truck. The same witness said she saw the truck that stopped at Horman’s house stop again at a factory less than a AI/ kilometer away, so she never saw it turn stay at lame with us! 1 “ ... One of the most charming hotels toward the stadium. In fact, there is no in one of the best locations in the city. ” Washington Post hard evidence that Horman was ever at the National Stadium; it is not clear $86 per room night induding continental breakfast for two. where he died. This, of course, does not Rate available through September 15, 1993. absolve the Chilean military or anyone else Long term rates available. of possible responsibility and does not 1 Only 5 blocks from State Department remove the great wrong of his death. 1 Overlooking historic Pennsylvania Ave. 1 Close to White House, Georgetown, monuments, Questionable corroboration museums and shops. 1 Charming European-style hotel rooms and Rafael Gonzalez’ stories about over¬ suites, most with fully equipped kitchens hearing a kill order in the office of the 1 Special short and long term stay amenities chief of military intelligence have varied ' Cafe Lombardy, serving Italian specialties Hotel Lombardy so much in their seven tellings and are 20191 Street, NW so lacking in verification that they are FOR RESERVATIONS: 800/424 5486 or 202/828 2600 Washington, DC 20006 patently unbelievable by reasonable FAX 202/872 0503 persons. Gonzalez had a reputation as k A a liar and self-aggrandizer and was obviously led in early questioning by an American correspondent with an anti- U.S. government bias. Sandoval’s sec¬ ond- or third-hand story was not given full credence by the embassy, because MARTENS VOLVO he gave no sources for his infonnation, thus reducing it to the level of aimor. Dedicated to Diplomacy Since he claimed to have been roughly Worldwide Delivery to Diplomats interrogated by the military after the coup, his motives are also questionable. and Members of International Organizations Horman’s family and friends were convinced that the U.S. government was either acquiescent or negligent in his death, and much of their ire was directed at me. I was even accused in the U.S. media of being a CIA agent. Members of Congress demanded inves¬ tigations, and we in the embassy spent a lot of time trying to answer their questions as well as possible. Frankly, the new Chilean government was less than helpful, but I personally had little or no control over that. The General Accounting Office sent a team down to investigate, but the team had drawn its Contact: Dana Martens, Diplomatic Sales Director conclusions before leaving Washington, so more time was lost and no real, insightful VOLVOO IVIAKIEN9 202-537-3000 CARS OF WASHINGTON, INC. Fax 202-537-1826 investigation was ever completed. 4800 WISCONSIN AVE. WASH., OC 20016 In 1977 the Horman family brought U.S.A.’s Largest Diplomatic Dealer suit in federal court against Secretary of
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 17 SHORT-TERM RENTALS SPEAKING OUT 30 days — 6 months State Henry Kissinger and 10 others, participate in a suit against the makers APARTMENTS 5, including me. Inquiries connected with of the film, along with Nathaniel Davis, f A TOWN HOMES that suit followed me to two new posts, who was U.S. ambassador, and Ray Foreign Service Institute, involved a trip back to Washington, and Davis, chief of the naval mission, re¬ Foggy Bottom and kept up the pressure on me for more spectively, in Chile at the time of the government offices a short than three more years, until the judge coup. Many of my colleagues contrib¬ METRORAIL ride away dismissed the case for lack of merit. uted to the fund to support the suit. The Horman’s family and friends never ac¬ defendants used their armies of lawyers FREE SHUTTLE cepted that decision and to this day to delay and confuse, but finally agreed to nearby falsely claim that the case is still pend¬ to make a statement that they had never Huntington MetroRail ing. Unfortunately for the cause of the intended to imply that we were respon¬ Station tmth, the Justice Department’s defense sible for or involved in Charles ITonnan’s of the 11 was based on legalities rather death. The Foreign Service Journal of than on evidence, and no investigation June 1991 carried our letter explaining HUNTINGTON was ever made of the numerous false the termination of our suit and thanking allegations made in the suit. There was colleagues for their help. It was hard for GATEWAY never any occasion to counter-examine me to accept this result, mainly because any witnesses, so the spurious claims the movie had no reason for existence Alexandria s newest and have stood. A careful analysis, made if not to imply that the U.S. government, most desirable location after State Department records were and thus we, were complicit in young released in connection with the suit, Horman’s death. We decided, however, NO BETTER PLACE convinces me that the department did a that the statement was better than nothing. NO BETTER PRICE miserable job of checking what really The case has haunted my personal happened in September 1973- The life and, I believe, damaged my career. consulate’s ability to investigate was I had expected to be promoted in 1974 reduced by a gag order shortly after or 1975, but my rise to tire then-impor¬ Featuring ... Joyce Honnan began inquiring about tant rank of FS-3 was delayed until 1977, • Rates well below per diem her husband. and I fear that panel members must • Flexible leasing quite naturally have thought that the e Elegantly furnished Court of opinion accusations might have some merit, and e Fully equipped kitchen; linens; TV In the meantime, a book entitled The thus held me back for another year. That e Washer/dryer, dishwasher, microwave. Execution ofCharles Honnan appeared extra time kept me from making it into In each unit and further stirred the pot, mentioning the Senior Foreign Service and forced e Cable TV & local phone service included me by name more than 50 times and what I considered to be an early retire¬ e Indoor/outdoor pool accusing the U.S. government and me ment. I fear that the State Department e Tennis courts of connivance in the death of the Ameri¬ was not unhappy to have me off the lists e Indoor racquetball and basketball courts can. I was too busy doing a lot of good during those years and no longer an e Fitness center consular work and trying to live a issue with Congress. Numerous persons e Sauna, steam rooms, whirlpool happy personal life, and so, unfortu¬ I have met over the years suddenly e Oarage parking nately, never took legal action against became hostile or suspicious when they e On-site retail stores the book. Three of us who were in¬ heard I was the consul in Missing. e Major credit cards accepted volved in the case found more than 300 Friends were told that I was a “bad guy.” errors in its 255 pages. I naively thought Perhaps better people among you (703) 960-5401 that the department would stand up for would have shaken off the anger and Fax (703) 960-1374 me, but I was mistaken. Some indi¬ sense of injustice, but I cannot quite let vidual officers did so, as did AFSA, and go. I have tried writing my side of the 5982 Richmond Highway I am grateful for that moral support. story and tried writing a novel based on Alexandria, VA 22303 Then came the movie called Missing, the facts as I see them, but there were no which was based on the book. This takers in the publishing world. C ^ ^ Our sendee melodramatic mix of lies and distor¬ I would like to ask you, my col¬ A P I T A L begins tions reached a far wider audience than leagues, what should I do? ■ the day the book, so, even though my name Propertiesv 3 you call! was changed in the film, my reputation Frederick D. Purdy retired in 1986 was further besmirched. I agreed to and lives in Santiago, Chile.
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1701 Florida Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20009-2697 Telephone: (202) 234-5600 FAX: (202) 234-3513 - TELEX: 197901 or 197931 ETHICALLY CORRECT
BY JIM ANDERSON
or those who have been hacking Personnel and Ethics. His principal job main message is: “The ethics environ¬ F their way through the bureaucratic is education and deterrence, not en¬ ment is changing; it’s becoming more jungle that is the Foreign Service forcement. He spends much of his time stringent, rules need to be paid attention and who have survived on their giving lectures to senior department to. It’s basically common sensical, but ascent toward the summit, the new personnel, sometimes sending video¬ with technical details.” message is: it is no longer enough to be tape to the more remote missions over¬ Sometimes very technical. Take para¬ smart, well-educated, multilingual, po¬ seas. graph 2635.402 of the Standards of litically and ethnically correct, a non- Since the new regulations, which Ethical Conduct-. “Directed divestiture. smoker, and fashionably slim. It is now were promulgated under the Bush ad¬ An employee may be required to sell or required to be ethically correct as well. ministration, came into effect on Febru¬ otherwise divest himself of the disquali¬ A Foreign Service officer must have ary 3, 1993, nobody has been hauled in fying financial interest if his continued an ethical compass that will navigate for exceeding the ethical speed limit, holding of that interest is prohibited by safely between the shoals of the allow¬ but the new rules have a lot of people statute or agency supplemental regula¬ able gifts from a “prohibited source” (a worried. Propp says he gets 10 to 12 tion issued in accordance with para¬ phrase that sounds like a remnant of calls a day (telephone 647-2350) from graph 2635.403(a).” South Africa’s apartheid system but sim¬ State Department people wondering The bulk of the regulations are writ¬ ply means somebody who does busi¬ about such things as whether accepting ten to deter misbehavior by senior-level ness with the U.S. government) and the a flower arrangement from a foreign officials and the occasional lower-ranker rocks of exploring future employment government will blight their careers or who handles finances and might attract possibilities while fearing the axe be¬ maybe even land them in the slammer. tempting gifts and other illicit benefits. cause of having chosen the wrong po¬ (Generic answer: not if the arrangement Propp concedes there is some overlap litical party or having been bom too costs less than $20.) As Propp puts it, with criminal law. Taking a big gift, soon. “Quite a lot of people are extremely besides being unethical, may also con¬ fastidious.” stitute accepting a bribe and therefore AUSTERITY TSAR So are the mles. It’s OK to receive a gift would be prosecutable under existing The chief of State’s ethical watch¬ costing $19 from someone with business criminal codes. However, under the dogs (that is not his real title, or interests before the department, but not to ethics regulations, criminal guilt does intention, or role) is a young attorney, take one worth $21. Propp says there is not have to be proven under the usual Kenneth Propp, who sits in an austere nothing magical about $20, but some¬ rules of evidence. Administrative disci¬ cubicle in the legal counsel’s Office of body has to set the visible standards. His plinary action can be taken with less
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 21 MR. ETHICSPERSON protection for the accused. Ethical Conduct for Employees of the Because of the tteu> complexity The new regulations are designed to Executive Branch: Final Rule. and the potential for litigation, there deter, not trap the ethically disadvan¬ Essentially, it says that, while in is a whole new field for advice. Ts a taged. There are seven main categories government office senior officials have readers’ service, we are providing of ethical violations covered: gifts from to keep prospective employers at ami’s outside sources, gifts between employ¬ length. There is a lifetime ban in some sample cases submitted to our ees, conflicting financial interest, par¬ representing anybody in any matter Mr. Ethicsperson. He is available for tiality in perfonning official duties, seek¬ which the former official helped set private consultation at the Foreign ing other employment while working up—a trade treaty, for example. On Service Club’s bar. for the government, misuse of public more general matters, there is a one- office for private gain, and outside ac¬ year “cooling- off pe¬ tivities such as speaking or writing that riod” restricting any could conflict with official or ethical business contact obligations. with the State De¬ Dear Mr. Ethicsperso '■ whom , met in my , as asked out by a perse ^ ^ partment on any W he loved my LEAVING THE GOVERNMENT BEHIND substantive issue. capacity as an officia pei aforbidden source,” it you Alabama accent. H stay in to watch a The new regulations were com¬ The rules don’t decided t0 pounded by a subsequent set of regula¬ deal with an obvious know what I mean. „„rrv.out. He insisted on tions brought in by the Clinton admin¬ problem. What about video and eat °d "^^rather than wound his istration in an effort to stop the revolv¬ a former State Depart¬ paying tor it, and 1 accede taRen a bl0w when ing door of government gamekeepers ment official who joins ££» our Mid* East peace plan « who become non-governmental poach¬ a large lobbying firm him. Did I do wrong? M.T. ers—especially in that advanced train¬ and doesn’t contact his ing camp for foreign agents and lobby¬ former colleagues at ists known as the U.S. Trade State, but talks infor¬ Dear M.T.: example of corruption in This is an egreg oos of 18 U.5.C. Representative’s Office. mally to his new associ¬ government. It is clear y , wedge of evil Those new Clinton ailes are for the ates at the fiim, who f the th n very top of the pyramid. They ban then contact current de¬ 201 (b) and 1= a"^J^ation 0.18 U.S.C. that would inexorably m ioyee, a political appointees for life—for eter¬ partment officials? Does Qther than nity—from representing any foreign hiring such a person put 209, which prohibit ^ from receiving ■ ■ • entity or government. Propp acknowl¬ the whole firm into kind special government emp Qther than the edges that the pledge has never been of a purdah' Obviously any contribution mpnt ” You ought to be tested. He assumes that the government’s not, but how do you pre¬ Unitedashamed States of yourself. Government. I hope Youyo ^ does not legal remedy would probably be a civil vent such indirect influ¬ injunction by the Justice Department ence? know about this. against any violator and a claim on the Had these new money that was earned. The theory is regulations been in that because the political appointee was effect during the not forced to sign the agreement, the Nixon administra¬ pledge he signed on joining govern¬ tion, they presum¬ Dear Mr. E.P.: ment service is therefore enforceable ably would have Upon leaving officp ac * eary of state 1 under nonnal contract law. Some law¬ prevented Secre¬ immediately set uo a
22 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 /
Dear Mr. E.P.; ; K
^MRSffiST ASK MR. ETHICSPERSON
DearR B • w 2pf=:r&zr 3 IDear Mr. E.P-: , signed a letter recusing I When l was nniicv-making that Sr bSS-- I Jet. front any decisions or Bul, took h :s?you Stan looking around for *a goodc lawyer involved any oountnes ,ions involving I s the son of thing that leads to other
™SS"d°owi.Mheo«business7J.A. ■ fsection=:=r„rrjr in "Standards of Ethical Conduor e -^^eisa oodone.U. ege to sexual topf be aWare ,hal 9'"s ca" 'ead 0 m does taffy really mean? No wonder the back to you on that. American public distrusts government.
A final question posed by the hun¬ dreds of rules and subrules is whether per the stringent and sometimes confusing sSd n rs"r„ regulations may also be steering able and a« m» oortW* sig„ed a $1 people away from government service, leaving only those who are (a) totally honest and incorruptible—and dull, or (b) people who have total confidence in their own ingenuity and ability to evade DC“ d^rse were or to bend the government rules to their the money-^M Ig oK. own advantage. Mr. Ethicsperson does secretary of state, not have to answer that question. ■
Jim Anderson is a correspondent with DPA, the German Press Agency. He was formerly with UPI and has cov¬ ered the State Department for more than 20years.
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 23 officers should then be given the op¬ Creating a Foreign Immigration Service tion, but not be required, to convert to the new agency, in which they would would let the State Department specialize in visa adjudications and refu¬ concentrate on what it does best gee processing overseas. The chief of each overseas visa/refugee operation would report directly to the embassy's eform is the catchword Asencio’s Commission for the Study of chief of mission and be part of the R of the Clinton adminis¬ International Migration and Coopera¬ country team. At most posts, this change tration. With a popular tive Economic Development proposed would not create more bodies for ad¬ mandate to make gov¬ setting up a separate agency to handle ministrative sections to support over¬ ernment less expensive all overseas and domestic immigration seas; it would merely realign the agency and more responsive, the president’s affairs and refugee processing. Within responsibilities of existing visa officers team has moved to streamline the State this separate agency, which would take and staff. Department. Among the ideas being over the domestic functions of VO and Those consular-cone Foreign Ser¬ debated is the proposal to merge the the INS, we envision the overseas visa vice officers remaining with the State visa function of Consular Affairs (CA/ operations being converted to a Foreign Department would continue to be re¬ VO) with the functions of the Immigra¬ Immigration Service similar to the For¬ sponsible for perfonning American-citi- tion and Naturalization Service of the eign Commercial Service of the Com¬ zen and passport services. This area of Department of Justice (INS) in order to merce Department and the Foreign responsibility could constitute the con¬ combat gridlock in the enforcement of Agricultural Service of the Agriculture sular cone. Alternatively, the consular immigration laws. Department. The visa function overseas cone could be melded with another As two career consular officers, we would then be staffed by career Foreign cone. It is clear that, whatever solution encourage the administration to con¬ Immigration officers with legal expertise, is created, it must be phased-in to sider this proposal seriously. In July language skills, and cultural sensitivity. minimize the disaiption to officers' ca¬ 1990, former Ambassador Diego State Department career consular reers and to the Foreign Service.
24 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 the ability to understand laws and regu¬ lations and to analyze the evidence is essential for visa work. The exercise of historical consular discretion—i.e., de¬ ciding whether the alien’s presence would benefit the United States—is no longer required. On a day-to-day basis, every visa officer spends his or her time adjudicat¬ ing individual cases—applying the INA and its hundreds of regulations to the facts of each individual case and to detecting and preventing fraud. The work is challenging and stressful and, at times, intellectually demanding, but visa adjudication is unmistakably law-en¬ forcement work. An individual case rarely affects our foreign relations either M with the host country or with the alien’s country and, when it might, it is gener¬ ally taken out of the consular officer’s hands and “resolved” by higher-ups at post or in Washington. (A recent ex¬ ample of this is when the Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic applied for a
Visa applicants wait in New Delhi, February 1993. visa to visit the UN). Eliminating the wait Leaving law to the enforcers 1990. Now almost exclusively, Con¬ Merging the functions of VO and INS Why would two mid-level, career gress dictates the classes of aliens who would improve the enforcement of U.S. consular officers support giving away shall and shall not be granted visas to immigration laws. Current enforcement the visa function? Simply put, we have the United States, and this is as it should of the INA is split principally between observed that issuing and denying visas be. After all, the Supreme Court has the Department of State (authority to today is fundamentally an adjudicatory interpreted Congress’ power in the Con¬ issue visas) and the Department of law-enforcement function, as opposed stitution to “regulate commerce with Justice (authority to enforce the INA at to a foreign-policy function. We are foreign nations and among the several and within U.S. borders). Every consu¬ aware that such a change would dra¬ States” to include exclusive authority lar officer has experienced the delays matically depart from existing practice. over immigration. The framers of the caused by this cumbersome division of Yet, we think the potential benefits to Constitution obviously believed that only labor. For example, with the exception the State Department and to overall Congress would be able to balance with of a few specifically designated consu¬ enforcement of U.S. immigration law foreign-policy pressures the domestic con¬ lar posts, INS has exclusive authority to justify the means. We present our obser¬ cerns about who comes to this country. approve an immigrant-visa petition— vations and proposals here not, obvi¬ As a result, the discretion left to a normally adjudicated within the United ously, as a polished program but as a consular officer consists mainly of de¬ States—but only a consular officer can stimulus for constructive discussion. termining whether a visa applicant is issue the visa overseas. Thus, even if a Historically, a U.S. consul had a great concealing his or her intent to live or consular officer conclusively determines deal of discretion in granting visas over¬ work illegally in the United States, and that the petition was not properly ap¬ seas to those who would support the then only in the case of a non-immigrant proved, for example, because the un¬ commercial and political interests of the visa. In an immigrant-visa case, there is derlying husband-wife relationship does United States. He was also charged with almost no discretion. If INS has ap¬ not legally exist, the petition must be denying visas to undesirables. But the proved a visa petition, the consular returned to INS for readjudication. (The historical discretion of a consular officer officer’s primary role is to verify that the consular officer may recommend revo¬ has been progressively eroded by ex¬ professional or familial relationship de¬ cation.) Our proposal would allow a tensive and increasingly complex immi¬ scribed exists and that no material fraud Foreign Immigration officer to revoke gration laws, culminating in the Immi¬ is present. Grounds of ineligibility are the petition at post. gration and Nationality Act of 1952 spelled out quite explicitly in the INA, Other examples: If an alien is found (INA), which itself has been frequently the accompanying federal regulations, ineligible under the INA, a waiver must revised and expanded, most recently in and the Foreign Affairs Manual. Thus, be requested from the appropriate INS
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 25 not issue a visa to an individual the ambassador is convinced must have one, the case would have to be referred to the appropriate superiors in Wash¬ ington, who, we would think, should be aware of it anyway. In these times of tight budgets, visa operations have suffered. Staffing gaps and backlogs have become common¬ place as recent legislative changes pro¬ duced a dramatic increase in immigrant- visa cases. Meanwhile assistance from other agencies has evaporated with the end of the Cold War. With the world having changed so radically, it has been difficult for the department to focus on Visa applicants at Embassy New Delhi: Consular officers no longer exercise much foreign- the funds and human resources needed policy discretion. to meet the increasing demands of visa work. In addition, the Consular Affairs office. (The consular officer or the de¬ to have their claims heard. Bureau has come under heavy pressure partment can recommend or refuse to Most frustratingly, when a disagree¬ to increase internal controls on visa recommend a waiver.) Meanwhile, the ment exists between VO and INS in tire operations while simultaneously being alien sits and waits. Our proposal would interpretation or application of tire INA, pressured to delegate the visa function permit the waiver to be adjudicated on there is no single authority to arbitrate it. Our to part-time, temporary employees and the spot, seeking guidance from the proposal would eliminate tills problem. Foreign Service National employees. By (newly created) Immigration and Refu¬ The list could go on and on. bringing all immigration officers, for¬ gee Agency if necessary. The argument has been made that, in eign and domestic, under one roof, giving up the visa function, the Depart¬ funding could be better targeted at areas of Improving the lookout system ment of State would be relinquishing a need—on a global basis—and resources INS and the State Department do not significant foreign-policy tool. We do could be more judiciously distributed. have a common filing system, so that not agree. First, visa categories and each visa applicant has one file at the numbers must be adjusted through the Consular care for Americans overseas post, and/or in the Visa Office, cumbersome legislative process; they A consular officer’s principal and and possibly another INS file some¬ do not and cannot react to quickly historic responsibility has always been where in the United States. The two changing world events. It is undisputed the welfare of U.S. citizens. We propose agencies as yet do not have a common that the overwhelming majority of the that this responsibility and the passport lookout system where relevant infor¬ thousands of individual visa cases adju¬ function be retained within the State mation on ineligible and excludable dicated each year simply do not affect Department. aliens can be easily accessed and cross- and are not affected by nuances of Major legislative action would be referenced. Our proposal would allow foreign policy. In recent years, Congress required to establish a new agency for the creation of one centralized, has even injected into the INA a require¬ comprised of the INS and the integrated worldwide filing and lookout ment that the secretary of state report department’s Visa Office. Thoughtful system under the jurisdiction of a single directly to Congress any visa denied on planning and gradual implementation agency. Coordination between inspec¬ foreign-policy grounds, which further would be necessary to reduce the inevi¬ tors at ports of entry and visa-issuing constricted this already restricted basis table disruptions. Despite the difficul¬ officers (now sadly disjointed) could be for visa denials. Thus, the influence of ties, however, the goal is worthy and made smoother. visa work on foreign policy is already at should be pursued. With the new Refugee adjudication is reserved by a minimum. administration’s commitment to law to INS, but can now be conducted Under our proposal, the chief immi¬ “reinventing” government, now is the only at the select overseas posts where gration officer, as part of the country time to consider a radical proposal. ■ INS can staff the operation where a team, would still report directly to the specific, temporary delegation of au¬ ambassador. Thus, in the rare case Diane Reinter Bean and Frances T. thority has been made. Under our pro¬ where issuing or denying a particular Jones are both career Foreign Service posal, Foreign Immigration officers could visa might have a foreign-policy conse¬ officers in the consular cone. The conduct refugee interviews and adjudi¬ quence, the ambassador, acting on be¬ views and opinions expressed in this cate refugee cases at every overseas half of the secretary of state, would have article are solely their own and do not post, reducing the number of aliens his or her say. Finally, in the unlikely necessarily represent those of the U.S. trying to enter the United States illegally event a chief immigration officer could government.
26 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 Will anyone care that we do less in AUSTERITY Central Africa?
BY LADD CONNELL COMES HOME ILLUSTRATION BY THERESA AURICCHI0
hey’re doing away with me. (including environmental) affairs. After tural-adjustment loans—the loan condi¬ T.Not with me personally, but with my hearing that I had been assigned to tions are a basis for the government’s position, the job into which I’ve been come here from Bermuda, I was some¬ fiscal policy. I also track and report on putting 40-50 hours per week for the last what chagrined to leam that, with a issues and sectors of regional or wider year and a half. (My wife will tell you it’s population of more than 2.6 million, the interest, such as state-owned enterprises, a lot closer to 50.) My position, eco¬ Central African Republic’s (CAR) the CFA franc, and agricultural com¬ nomic officer in Bangui, Central African economy is about the same size as modities such as cotton. Republic, is one of 70 overseas positions Bermuda’s, a colony of only 60,000 On the labor front, the U.S. govern¬ that the Africa Bureau is giving up to people, and Bermuda has a lot more ment provided crucial support for rees¬ contribute to the State Department’s trade with the United States. Our Consu¬ tablishing CAR’s labor unions and pro¬ effoit to do more with less. As a former late General in Bermuda, however, has tecting them from being banned again. private-sector employee, I am, of course, no economic/commercial position; the We continue to provide support, guid¬ all in favor of doing more with less. deputy principal officer handles politi¬ ance, and training and act as liaison with Except that it won’t happen; you do cal and economic affairs. So I came to AFL-CIO’s African-American Labor Cen¬ less with less, which brings me to the Bangui slightly discouraged, thinking ter. real question: should we be doing more that there might not be enough to do. Commercial work here has been a or less? Having had some time to think I was wrong. Although CAR’s bust, but in view of the moribund about it—Bangui doesn’t offer too many economy is statistically insignificant, it economy, that may be good news. I distractions—my answer is: less. receives over $100 million a year in aid measure success by what hasn’t hap¬ from multilateral institutions and the pened. No American businesses have STATISTICALLY INSIGNIFICANT United States is the largest contributor. been ripped off here. We haven’t had The economic officer’s job in Bangui Embassy input is essential to develop¬ any investment disputes. Despite some¬ actually comprises four portfolios: eco¬ ing an informed U.S. government view times cool relations with the current nomic, labor, commercial, and scientific on proposed loans, including stmc- government, the CAR still is eager to
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 27 receive U.S. investment and increase with the CAR’s tech¬ I cannot say, for trade with the United States. It has nocrats and program The question is: example, that the usually supported our positions on in¬ directors and coun¬ does maintaining that level of U.S. government ternational trade matters and nomina¬ selors in other for¬ has any vital inter¬ tions to bodies handling them. eign missions here— influence matter enough to the ests here, or at least Finally, in science, I’ve served as and the importance any that require an liaison between the U.S. Geological that is attached to U.S. taxpayer to warrant economic officer. Survey and ORSTOM, the French over¬ what the United keeping a "fulkervice" No longer is there seas scientific research agency, for a States has to say or Cold-War competi¬ $600,000 CAR component of the U.S. offer on any of these embassy? tion. The potential government's global seismological data- issues has convinced for trade would collection project. This has involved me otherwise. U.S. My guess is that, in the current have to increase working on terms of a Memorandum of influence on matters budget climate, the answer is many fold before Understanding with the CAR govern¬ of substance in this warranting a full¬ ment and a working agreement with country goes way be¬ no. time commercial ORSTOM. Environmental issues have yond that warranted effort here. Pushing required analysis, demarches to the by the paucity of assistance we give— democracy, arguably our No. 1 mission government, presenting U.S. positions far less aid than what is given by other, here, falls to the ambassador and deputy' and programs at seminars, and framing less influential missions. I know that I’m chief of mission. Furthermore, although requests for Washington-held eco-funds. contributing to maintaining and exercis¬ recently our reporting was rated as That sounds like a full-time job, so ing that influence. exceptionally readable, I suspect that why cut it? The question is: does maintaining the eyes of all but the most dedicated that level of influence matter enough to stateside Africa-policy wonks glaze over WHO REALLY CARES? the U.S. taxpayer to warrant keeping a when they see dateline Bangui. I don’t think the work is unimpor¬ ‘‘full-service” embassy? My guess is that, tant. The nature and level of the con¬ in the current budget climate, the an¬ IMPERCEPTIBLY LESS INFLUENTIAL tacts I have—covering national policies swer is no. The U.S. government, both on its
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28 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 own and through international financial bassy 24 hours a day, protecting its None of this is good, but in this era institutions, has been preaching auster¬ classified material, yet the embassy is of constrained resources, I’ll admit that ity. We should also lead by example. It losing two of five (counting the ambas¬ it seems necessary. I’d rather have more is true that, to be a world power, we sador and deputy chief) reporting-offi¬ kids in Head Start than keep a fully need first to put our own political/ cer positions. Thus, we maintain the staffed embassy in Bangui, but I wonder economic house in order. The political same level of protection while the what this tells us about ourselves. How difficulty of tax increases means that amount to be protected, and the threat much longer will we be able to claim most of this has to be done through of hostile intelligence services, are less. that we are the world’s sole remaining budget cuts, so the State Department, as Losing the Marines would almost cer¬ superpower? It is probably best that we with other parts of the federal govern¬ tainly have a more serious impact on the face up to the limitations of our budget¬ ment, is being asked to do more with social life of the American community ary reality now rather than later. I just less. Some Americans may be upset than it would on the security of our hope that one day reality will have when they start getting less with less, classified material, which remains be¬ changed, so that we can once again but I doubt feeling that they are under¬ hind several locked doors. have a fully staffed embassy here, and represented in the CAR is going to rank So, they’re cutting me, two of my truly dignify the title of superpower, very high on the list of complaints. State colleagues, and the public affairs even in the heart of Africa. ■ While I agree with my position’s officer (along with much of the U.S. being cut, I can’t pretend to feel good Information Service operation). The Ladd ConneU is a third-tour Foreign about it. It’s sad in that it represents the United States will inevitably have a Service officer who will return to erosion of our geopolitical power— much lower profile in the CAR. Most Washington in the fall to serve in the rather ironic now that the competing Americans won’t know or care and Bureau of Economic and Business superpower has all but withdrawn from would probably agree if they did know. Affairs. the scene. The Central Africans we deal with will Equally sad, irrationality in the bud¬ gradually become aware of the cuts and Should we be doing more—or less? get process still reigns supreme. A de¬ regret them. Those Foreign Service of¬ The Foreign Service Journal would like tachment of five Marines plus com¬ ficers staffing the reduced embassy will to hear your opinion on staffing embas¬ mander will continue to guard the em¬ probably feel harried and unappreciated. sies in every country of the world.
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JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 29 The Tsar of RUSSIA POLICY BY DAVID CALLAHAN
arly last spring, presi¬ were proved. “Well, it is not, and it Fears that E dential candidate Bill can’t be because it is not true.” Talbott Clinton was in deep not only rebutted the allegations trouble. Although against Clinton, but portrayed his Strobe Talbott Clinton vehemently former roommate as a thoughtful denied charges that he young patriot. had dodged the draft in the late 1960s, In February, Clinton returned would the press, with few exceptions, wasn’t Talbott’s favor in a big way, making buying his story. One of those excep¬ him the administration’s tsar of Russia short-circuit tions was Time magazine’s Strobe policy, or officially, ambassador-at- Talbott, who mounted a vigorous de¬ large and special adviser to the secre¬ fense of the candidate. tary of state for the New Independent the policy process Talbott had been Clinton’s room¬ States. “This is a bolt out of the blue,” mate at Oxford as a fellow Rhodes Talbott said after his appointment. “I scholar and had seen first-hand how never expected to be in government, so far are Clinton handled the draft issue. Writ¬ never aspired to be in government. It ing in Time, Talbott chastised his is a classic example of an offer I could colleagues in the press for proceeding not refuse.” But in Washington, few unfounded as though the charge of draft dodging were surprised by the appointment.
30 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 management officials or confidential House FAC employees must wait two years Survivor approves State before participating in AFSA’s manage¬ annuities saved ment for purposes of collective bar¬ authorization bill gaining, and from acting as a in House vote The House Foreign Affairs Commit¬ representative of AFSA. After par¬ By Ward Thompson tee approved the 1994-95 State ticipating in AFSA’s management or as Retiree Liaison Authorization Bill on June 8. Several a representative of AFSA, individuals Budget reconciliation action by the provisions would affect FS personnel. must wait two years before serving as House has apparently eliminated the • Away-from-post Educational Al¬ a management official or confidential threatened reduction of survivor lowance: employee.” The amendment excludes benefits under the Foreign Service The committee approved language from the definition of “management Retirement and Disability System which would allow FS dependents to official” chiefs of mission, principal of¬ (FSRDS), which affects employees travel from school to an alternative ficers, and their deputies. hired prior to 1984. The administration location when travel to post is not • Authorized strength of the had proposed cutting annuities for sur¬ feasible, i.e.: to the home of a relative Foreign Service: vivors of retirees who die after Septem¬ or family friend or to join a parent at a As of September 30, 1994, the ber 30, 1993 and reducing the different location. However, the allow¬ Foreign Service would be subject to maximum age at which child survivors able travel expense is not to exceed the the following caps: of federal retirees may receive benefits cost of travel between school and the Department of State: not to ex¬ from 22 to 19- But strong reaction from employee’s post. ceed 9,200; Senior FS limited to 825. federal employee organizations, in¬ • Educational travel for college USIA: 1,200 cap; SFS limited to 175. cluding AFSA, prompted a com¬ students studying abroad: USAID: 1,850 cap; Senior FS limited promise under which the projected Language was approved which to 250. savings from these cuts would instead would allow a dependent to travel to The last provision passed the HFAC be gained by delaying retiree COLAs and from a college abroad (i.e.: for a despite AFSA’s strong efforts to for three months in each of the next junior year). prevent it. AFSA is concerned about three years and by eliminating the • Claims Waiver: the micromanagement effect of these lump sum annuity option for all The amended bill would allow the caps, especially in light of the fact that employees except the terminally ill. secretary of state to waive the $40,000 the bill was supposed to lend flexibility The Senate Government Affairs limitation for losses arising from an to the Foreign Service. We will con¬ Committee approved the House plan emergency evacuation "if [he] deter¬ tinue to actively oppose these restric¬ for retirement issues on June 9. mines that exceptional circumstances tions as the bill moves to a full House This budget round’s focus on sur¬ warrant such a waiver." vote and on to the Senate. vivor benefits underscores the fact that AFSA successfully lobbied for the inclusion of these three provisions in Public Members Association Presi¬ the most recent version of the bill. dent E.D. Frankhouser (rt) presents a • Labor-Management Relations: check to AFSA President Bill Kirby The previous version of the bill for the AFSA Scholarship Fund as Dr. Gordon Hoxie looks on. The scholar¬ would have severely restricted par¬ ship fund donation was given in ticipation in AFSA by all members of memory of Dr. Hoxie’s wife, Louise. the Senior Foreign Service. AFSA suc¬ The PMA scholarship donation is for cessfully lobbied for alternative lan¬ college juniors and seniors inter¬ guage, which provides that ested in foreign affairs and requiring financial assistance. “Individuals who have served as
JULY 1993 • AFSA NEWS • 1 they constitute a retirement issue and a conscious effort to complete the not merely a retiree issue. The message precepts and have them circulated ex¬ AFSA has heard from concerned mem¬ peditiously. AFSA’s intention is to en¬ bers, including one who became a sur¬ sure that the precepts process keeps to viving spouse in her early forties, is the same time line as the evaluation that it is never too early to think about process. Next year we hope to get the these benefits. specific instructions to the boards cir¬ On retirement, an FSRDS employee culated before evaluations are due in may elect a maximum survivor benefit PER/PE, so that employees will know of 55 percent of the employee’s an¬ what criteria the boards will be using. nuity, for which the employee’s an¬ nuity is permanently reduced by approximately ten percent. (Under Speakers Bureau the new Foreign Service Pension Sys¬ marks first year tem the survivor benefit is 50 percent By Gil Kulick of the annuity.) This is an irrevocable On May 1, the speakers bureau, decision. The basic argument against now called the AFSA World Issues the administration’s proposal to Forum (WIF), marked its first anniver¬ reduce the survivor annuity was that sary. As of that date nearly 40 AFSA the government should not be able to speakers had spoken to about 90 change its part of the bargain with groups in 27 states across the country. employees who relinquished their ten The audiences ranged from the percent in return for a specific benefit. venerable Chicago Council on Foreign Such a change would not only be in¬ Relations and a Yale University equitable but would introduce more foreign-policy seminar to the Kiwanis uncertainty to retirement planning. Club of Dyersburg, Tennessee, and a middle school in Columbia, MD. Agreement on We suggested separate Core Through these efforts AFSA Precepts in hopes that they would speakers, 85 percent of whom were 1993 promotion guide employees in overall require¬ Foreign Service alumni, brought ex¬ precepts ments and therefore allow employees pert, dispassionate views on the critical to better formulate their progress foreign-policy issues of the day-and By Julie Smithline the role of the Foreign Service in Member Services Representative towards future promotions. We sug¬ managing them-to audiences totaling AFSA and State Department gest that the Core Precepts be more than 6,000 people. Many management reached agreement on detached and kept by employees for thousands more were exposed to their the 1993 Promotion Precepts during future reference. They can be an im¬ stimulating ideas through local press May. This is the first time in some years portant tool in an employee’s interviews and radio and television ap¬ that the precepts have been issued decisions regarding drafting of work pearances. At every stop our speakers before the promotion boards convene. requirements statements and in future also sought to promote diversity in our The precepts for the 1993 senior bidding cycles. The Core Precepts also profession by encouraging talented and intermediate Foreign Service provide both employees and raters minority youth to consider careers in selection boards now form two sec¬ with the constant requirements for the Foreign Service. tions, the General Precepts and the promotion that should be kept in mind throughout the rating cycle. Having successfully weathered the Core Precepts. The General Precepts shakedown cruise, we plan in the are specific instructions for the in¬ To be consistent with the new coming year to raise the WIF’s visibility dividual selection boards. They con¬ evaluation form in use from April 15, by organizing extended tours for tain the specific criteria used by the 1993, the Core Precepts now include several of our most distinguished and boards for promotion and will be re¬ reference to the Simon Amendment of recognized alumni. Their expertise negotiated on a yearly basis to keep 1990 that states, "boards are instructed will be updated by a series of briefings them up to date. Since the Core to take account of language ability by senior State Department officials. Precepts focus on general require¬ and, all matters being otherwise equal, More speakers from beyond the ments for promotion that do not to give precedence in promotion to of¬ Beltway are still needed. To volunteer, change on a yearly basis, they will be ficers who have achieved at least the please contact Gil Kulick at (202) 338- in effect for a three-year period. The general professional speaking proficiency level (S-3/R-3) in one or 4045. Core Precepts have a provision for supplemental precepts to be included more foreign languages over officers if a temporary situation arises that who lack that level of proficiency." necessitates additional precepts. Both management and AFSA made
2 • AFSA NEWS •JULY 1993 1993 Merit Scholarship Awards
The AFSA/AAFSW Merit Scholarship Awards recognize high school seniors who have demonstrated academic excellence and outstanding leadership during high school. This year, the 20 merit awards were given in honor of Ambassador Edward J. Perkins. Funds for the awards are provided jointly by the American Foreign Service Association Scholarship Fund and the Association of American Foreign Service Women. Following are profiles of each merit award student:
Ingrid C. Ahlgren: Dana Bigelow: graduate Danessa C. Carragher: Christopher E. Con¬ graduate of Saint George’s of Hong Kong International graduate of W.T. Woodson, nell: graduate of Marshall School, Newport, Rhode Is¬ School; daughter of Marjorie Fairfax, Virginia; daughter HS, Falls Church, Virginia; land; daughter of Marianne and Stanton Bigelow (State); of DanaDee (State) and son of James and Pia Con¬ and Charles Ahlgren (State); valedictorian, National Merit James (State) Carragher; Na¬ nell (State). Salutatorian, Cum Laude Society, "Top finalist, honor society, tional Merit Scholar, Spanish National Honor Society 15," Honor Roll, High Honor nominated for Hong Kong and National Honor Society; president, Student Council Roll; attending Brown student of the year; attend¬ attending College of William treasurer; attending Stanford University. ing Princeton University. and Mary. University.
Jennifer Su-Lan Ang: Nicole Bonnaffon : Elizabeth D. Carson: Crystal W. English: graduate of Phillips Exeter graduate of Lake Braddock, graduate of Choate graduate of American Em¬ Academy, Exeter, New Burke, Virginia; daughter of Rosemary Hall, Connecticut; bassy School, New Delhi, Hampshire; daughter of Judith & Robert Bonnaffon daughter of Johnnie and India; daughter of Burt Wende and Melvin Ang (USAID); National Honor Anne Carson (State); En¬ English (State); Academic (State); attending Yale. Society, Spanish Honor vironmental Action Coali¬ Excellence Award, Scholar Society; attending College of tion, Gold Key Society, Athlete Award, National William and Mary as a James Model United Nations; at¬ Honor Society; attending Monroe Scholar. tending Williams College. Georgetown University.
1994 Merit Award applications High school students graduating in spring 1994 who wish to apply for the 1994 AFSA/AAFSW Merit Awards should request an application in October 1993- Application deadline is February 15, 1994. Dependents of Foreign Service personnel in State, USAID, USIA, Commerce, or Agriculture with outstanding academic records are urged to apply. Contact: AFSA Scholarship Department, 2101 E Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20037 Sherine Hamdy: Tara Malloy: graduate Garrison Mason Mor- Elizabeth C. Rabadan: graduate of American of The American School, fit: Sidwell Friends School. graduate of W.T. Woodson School Foundation, Mexico Tokyo, Japan; daughter of Washington, D.C. graduate; High School, Fairfax, Vir¬ City, Mexico; daughter of Iris and Ed Malloy (State); son of Christine and ginia; daughter of Mary and Mona and Dr. Farouk National Merit winner, Field Michael Morfit (USAID). David Rabadan (State); Vir¬ Flamdy (USDA); College Hockey Varsity Champion, National Merit Semifinalist, ginia Governor’s School for Board AP Scholar with The Scholar Athlete ’93, Presidential Scholar Semi¬ the Humanities, National Honors, National PSAT high Valedictorian, Yale Book finalist, AP Scholar; attend¬ Honor Society, Spanish scorer, Outstanding English Award; attending Emory ing Princeton University. Honor Society; attending and French Award; attend¬ University. University of Notre Dame. ing Stanford University.
A ~ Benjamin Lee Carrie R. Matthews: Robert D. Penner: Nelson A. Saiers: Johnson: graduate of the graduate of J.E.B. Stuart graduate of Walter Johnson graduate of West Potomac American School Founda¬ High School, Falls Church, High School, Bethesda, High School, Alexandria, tion, son of Sandor Johnson Virginia, daughter of Jane Maryland; son of Dorothy Virginia; son of Nancy and (State); High School Physics and Carl Matthews (State); and Vernon Penner (State); Larry Saiers (USAID); Na¬ Award, Commendation Virginia Governor’s School Maryland Outdoor 18 tional Honor Society, (PSAT), AP Scholar with for the Humanities, Science Singles Champion-1992, numerous science fair Honors; attending Univer¬ Honor Society, president of Maryland Distinguished awards; attending Univer¬ sity of California-San Diego. National Honor Society; at¬ Scholar-honorable men¬ sity of Virginia. tending University of Vir¬ tion; attending Princeton ginia as Echols Scholar. University.
Annual AAFSW Book Fair The Association of American Foreign Service Women (AAFSW) will hold its annual bookfair Friday, October 23 through October 31, 1993- Donations of books,, stamps, coins, tapes, and items for the Art Corner (crafts, jewelry, pictures, etc.) are requested. The Bookroom is open all year; please think of making donations now rather than waiting until the Fall. A portion of the proceeds will go to the AFSA/AAFSW Scholarship Fund. Donations may be left at the Bookroom, Room 1524, in Main State, or call (202) 223-5796 to arrange for pick-up.
4 • AFSA NEWS*JCI.Y 1993 Jennifer D. Sherman: Sarah H. Silberstein: Elliot Z. Stein: graduate liana R. Sumka: graduate American International graduate of Lee High of McLean High School, Mc¬ of International School, School Jerusalem graduate; School, Arlington, Virginia; Lean, Virginia; son of Miriam Nairobi, Kenya; daughter of daughter of Dona (State) daughter of Anita and Spen¬ and Harry Stein (retired Michelle and Howard and Gilbert (USIA) Sher¬ cer Silberstein (retired State); 1992 Virginia Sumka (USAID); Foreign man; Xerox Award in USAID); National Honor Governor’s School for the Student Youth Award-com¬ Humanities, Rensselaer Society, Spanish Honor Humanities, National Merit mended, HS Service Award, Medal for Math and Science, Society; attending College of Commended Scholar, Na¬ Junior Year Leadership Presidential Scholars semi¬ William and Mary. tional Honor Society; at¬ Award; attending Wesleyan finalist; attending Stanford. tending Stanford University. University.
Fears and Family I can also show you sunsets. Sunsets until the only sound left was that of my By Alexandra Shemian over the Mediterranean, sunsets over own. ... I cannot tell you about the Alexandra is a the Nile, sunsets over the Red Sea, the feeling of relief I felt when an ann graduate of The Dead Sea and the Sea of Galilee. I can dragged me into a room. American Inter¬ show you the Jordan River, which If I could tell you about the sirens . national School of flows through the channels of my .. what their wail could do to a person. Israel. She is the memory. I can show you the Sinai and And if I could explain what it felt like daughter of Dona the Sahara. I can show you the place to hear the soft sound of crying from (State) and Gil¬ where Jesus was born and where he my twin sister who had always been bert (USIA) Sher¬ was crucified. . . . I’ve lived near the stronger than I... if I could show you man. She will Taj Mahal. I’ve lived in the ancient city how it felt to crawl into her bed and attend Scripps College. Following are of Carthage. I’ve lived all over the put my arms around her. . . . excerpts from her outstanding Merit world, but I can still tell you about the If I could only tell you how it felt to Award essay. fierce love I have for my country. feel the earth shake, to see the I thought about how my Foreign All these things are easy for me to fireworks light up the sky-to hear Service experience has been relevant tell you. All the spices, noises, peoples, those sirens. Those awful sirens. And to my development, how it had and experiences I can effortlessly con¬ to make the choice to stay in the changed or shaped me. What could I vey to you, but I cannot show you the country because my parents, both show you that makes me different? emotional effects of war. The fear, the diplomats and considered "essential Well, I can show you what the Foreign confusion, and the frustration of being personnel," weren’t to leave. ... If I Service has given to me. . . . helplessly caught up in the Gulf War could only show you what fear tasted I can show you the riots in the is something I can only wish to make / like. True fear, when you believed you streets of northern India. I can show you understand. were going to die at the age of 16, and you a dingy Third World hospital room I wish I could tell you what it was you were still afraid of the dark. where I lay sick with fever. I can tell like in a sealed room with a hot rubber If I could show you all these things, you about getting lost in the bush, on gas mask tied to my face. I wish I could then you would see what I am and the coast of West Africa. I can show take you to my house where the Pales¬ how this life has created strong bonds you back roads through the Cote d’¬ tinian stone-throwing and tire-burning among the members of my family and Ivoire to bring aid to people so poor had gotten so intense that the Marine an attachment to this "Foreign Service" that after we, as guests, had eaten, our Security Guard had to evacuate us. . . life, which has shaped me in a manner leftover food was placed in the center . I cannot make you understand the that will not be easily understood by of the mud huts for the children to fight surreal feeling of an air raid; running my soon-to-be peers when I begin the over what was left of the bones. ... I down the iron staircase in the Sheraton next phase of my life on an American can show you poverty. . . . Hotel listening to the banging of feet college campus.
JULY 1993 • AFSA NEWS • 5 AFSA Scholarship News
Memorial Scholarships tion of the former ambassador to sador to Benin from 1990-92, and is established France and Ireland, and his wife. currently ambassador to Cameroon. By Theresa Auricchio Mrs. Curley earned a degree in Scholarship Administrator English history from Vassar College. Ruth Frost Hoyt Memorial She has been active in community af¬ Scholarship David Hoyt has established a per¬ Robert L. Yost Memorial fairs in the United States, as well as in petual scholarship in memory of his Scholarship Ireland and France. Mrs. June Yost and family have late wife, Ruth Frost Hoyt. Mrs. Hoyt Walter Curley graduated from Phil¬ renewed their commitment for a graduated from North Dakota State lips Academy and Yale University and second year by providing funding for University and married David Hoyt in received an MBA from Harvard and an a scholarship in memory of her late 1939- In 1950, the family was sent to Honorary Doctorate in Law from husband, Robert L. Yost. This was er¬ Frankfurt, Germany with the State Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland. He roneously reported in the April 1993 Department, later moving to Bonn. was an executive with the Caltex Oil Journals the Robert J. Yost Memorial Other postings were Athens, Tel Aviv, Co. in India and Italy and a partner in Scholarship. Casablanca, and Lome. In 1967, in J.H. Whitney & Co. before becoming Conakry, she was evacuated after Mr. Yost was a 1942 graduate of ambassador to Ireland. Currently he is UCLA. He joined the Foreign Service being bitten by a stray dog. She con¬ the chairman of the French American after serving in the military in World tracted rabies despite being ad¬ Foundation. War II. He was posted in Spain, Bel¬ ministered anti-rabies shots at post. On July 25, 1967, Ruth Frost Hoyt died at gium. the Belgian Congo, the Philip¬ The Harriet Winsar Isom Annual pines, France, Ethiopia and Scholarship St. Albans Naval Hospital in New York. Washington D.C. He served as ambas¬ A new annual scholarship has been sador to Burundi and the Dominican established by Ambassador Harriet A gift of $1,000 or more will name Republic. In his retirement. Ambas¬ Winsar Isom. She has been a career a scholarship in the year it is given, sador Yost continued his career as a Foreign Service officer since 1961, with while a gift in the amount of $10,000 consultant to international groups. assignments to Malaysia, Indonesia, or more will qualify the donor to name Niger and Burundi. She was director of a scholarship in perpetuity. Our The Walter J.P. and Mary Curley Korean Affairs in the Bureau of East deepest thanks to all those who have Annual Scholarship Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1984-86 given to these scholarship funds. The annual Walter J.P. and Mary and then became Charge d’Affaires in Curley Scholarship has been estab¬ Vientiane, Laos. She served as ambas¬ lished through the generous contribu¬ Open Forum Thefollowing letter was received by AFSA from the APS.A- affairs from a different perspective . . . funded 1992 summer minority intern. Here at Colorado State University, I have given lectures This letter is one of appreciation to AFSA for its commit¬ to students of color regarding career opportunities with the ment to racial diversity in the Foreign Service [through its State Department. The [Cox Foundation video tape on the minority intern program]. What is equally important is that Foreign Service] was extremely useful in demonstrating that AFSA maintains contact with the interns it sponsors, even AFSA and the State Department are, in fact, committed to after the internship. building a Foreign Service that is racially representative of AFSA sponsored my internship in the summer of 1992. the United States. The intern sponsorship is an excellent . . . Although I am currently pursuing a Master’s degree, my way to contribute toward the building of a representative "hands on" experience [in foreign affairs] has been very Foreign Service. I hope that AFSA continues to sponsor a limited.... I learned a vast amount about the inner workings person of color every summer, until the Foreign Service is of the State Department and the role and mission of AFSA. fully representative of the U.S. population. Had this sponsorship not existed. I probably would have Russell A. Jones never received the opportunity to work as an intern at the Colorado State University State Department. This summer I plan to work as an intern at the Organization of American States, to see international
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JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 31 He also has regular contact with diplo¬ group coordinates all aspect of U.S. and Russian chauvinists with fascist mats in the 15 countries in his portfolio, policy toward the fonner Soviet Union, tendencies. “That nightmare is more including U.S. Ambassador to Russia and is comprised of officials from State, likely to come about if the economy Thomas Pickering. Defense, Treasury, Commerce, and Ag¬ continues to deteriorate,” Talbott wrote Another concern about Talbott’s ap¬ riculture. The vice chair of the group is in December. “That is why the industri¬ pointment was that the tsar concept Toby Gati, the top NSC official in charge alized democracies, led by the United would prove unworkable. The decision of Russia policy. The Steering Group, States, must assemble a more generous to create a tsar on Russia policy was a which usually meets at the State Depart¬ and potent package of emergency-as¬ response to inadequate coordination in ment, has no regular schedule and sistance measures, including incentives this area under President Bush. With operates instead as events demand. for Russia to climb back aboard the wagon some half-dozen agencies involved in Spin-off working groups handle par¬ of monetary and fiscal temperance.” various components of U.S. policy to¬ ticular policy questions. “The Steering ward Russia, the government’s overall Group is vital to the effectiveness of our Building up good faith stance was often muddled or contradic¬ policy,” Talbott said at his Senate confir¬ So far, aid efforts have been weak. tory, and things were falling through the mation hearing in March. “The Clinton Last spring, Western nations promised cracks. “There was a great deal of chaos administration is determined to set a $24 billion in aid to Russia and the other without a central focus,” says Michael new standard for strategic and opera¬ new independent states. While the bi¬ Beschloss. Talbott’s appointment was tional coherence, and that will depend lateral components of the assistance not only intended to bring order to on maintaining a high degree of disci¬ package were largely fulfilled, disagree¬ inter-agency deliberations, but also to pline, cooperation, and coordination in ment between the Russian government and international financial institutions stymied much of the promised multilat¬ eral aid. Although the United States came closest to fulfilling its target, this “There was a great deal of chaos without a central focus,” experience left the Russians distrustful of new Western pledges. One ofTalbott’s says Michael Beschloss. Talbott's appointment was not jobs upon entering office was to help rebuild Russian trust in U.S. leadership only intended to bring order to interagency deliberations, on aid issues and in the international community’s ability to follow through on its promises. but also to send a reassuring signal to Russian leaders Progress has already been made on this score. In putting together the $1.6 that the Clinton administration is serious about aiding billion U.S. aid package announced at the Vancouver summit between Clinton reform. and President Boris Yeltsin in early April, the Policy Steering Group empha¬ sized assistance that would have an send a reassuring signal to Russian the interagency process.” immediate impact. As Talbott later ex¬ leaders that the Clinton administration is In his books about arms control, plained, the goal was a package that serious about aiding reform. Talbott dwelled often on the perils of would ameliorate the pain of reform bureaucratic disarray in policy-making. with benefits that “will be apparent to Better steering control Today, with the strategic nuclear stand¬ the Russian people this year.” Through The record of tsars in the U.S. gov¬ off finished, the stakes of policy toward February and March the Steering Group ernment is mixed. In practice tzars often Russia are lower, but the complexities looked for ways to reprogram money lack the authority to coordinate policy and potential pitfalls that face policy¬ that had already been appropriated by effectively. Still, while Talbott clearly makers have increased. Congress but not yet spent. The result faces an uphill battle in his effort to The worst-case scenarios regarding was a hodgepodge aid package that bring a new cohesion to U.S. policy Russia's future are nothing short of includes everything from Food for Peace toward the former Soviet Union, there chilling. Talbott takes seriously, for ex¬ funds to Export-Import Bank loans. No are grounds for optimism. The key to ample, the possibility that Russia’s na¬ new legislation is needed for this money Talbott’s power is his chairmanship of a scent democracy could be swept aside to begin flowing. new Policy Steering Group under the by an unholy alliance of Reds and Coming at a time of acute political National Security Council (NSC). This Browns—unreconstructed Communists vulnerability for Yeltsin, the larger-than-
32 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 expected aid offer demonstrated that new loans would be available. Defense budget will probably be ap¬ the United States government could be The United States used the occasion proved, the prospects for the $704 responsive to Russian needs. Talbott was of the Tokyo summit to announce an million in the FY 1994 budget and the not officially confirmed by the Senate until additional $1.8 billion in bilateral aid for supplementary request of $1.8 billion April 2, just one day before the Vancouver Russia and the new independent states. are less certain. Officials in both the summit, but he was closely involved in That promise comes on top of a request administration and Congress do not yet putting together the aid package that for $704 million in bilateral aid con¬ know where this money will come made the meeting such a success. tained in the Fiscal Year 1994 interna¬ from. In late March, Senator Patrick Talbott also played a role in the Tokyo tional affairs budget, submitted to Con¬ Leahy, head of the Senate’s Foreign meeting of April 14 and 15, where the gress on April 8. The administration is Operations Subcommittee, warned the foreign and finance ministers of seven also proposing that $400 million from administration that finding new foreign aid leading industrialized nations met to the Pentagon’s FY1994 budget be spent funds for Russia would not be easy. “My discuss ways to help Russia. One result on dismantling nuclear weapons in the one question is, where does the money of that meeting was a partial healing of former Soviet Union. This would add to come from?” Leahy said. ‘We’re not going Russia’s rift with the international finan¬ the $800 million that has already been to be able to increase foreign aid.” cial community. The G-7 nations in set aside for such a purpose, but re¬ Toyko made pledges of new aid totaling mains largely unspent. In total, the Sorting through priorities almost $30 billion, much of which would Clinton administration is proposing to Talbott may already have his hands be in the form of loans from the Interna¬ provide the former Soviet Union with full dealing with policy-makers in Wash¬ tional Monetary Fund and World Bank. about $4.5 billion in new aid this year. ington and in Moscow, but he recog¬ In May, the IMF and Russian govern¬ While the $1.6 billion offered in nizes that his mission will also require ment made an important breakthrough Vancouver is almost certain to flow, and him to spend time cajoling leaders in in establishing the terms under which the $400 million in the Department of the capitals of Western Europe and INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE When you’re over there, you don’t need to worry about vour home over When you choose Allied Realty Corp. to manage your property or find you a rental home, you don't need to worry. We're the Washington area's largest, oldest and most trusted property managers, with more than 50 years of experience renting and managing a 500-property portfolio. Here's why: • Highest rental value for your home • Large selection of rental properties • Professionally trained leasing staff • 24-hour maintenance service • Multi-lingual staff Call Aaron Dodek, CPM, Realty Senior Vice President ) CORP. (301) 656-7000 SINCE 1940 m (301)656-8600 fax (301) 907-4766 Professional Property Managers LU LOCAL PRESENCE
JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 33 Asia. As he told the Leahy committee, million people, the prospects are prob¬ Closing down the nukes one of the central elements of Clinton ably slim that strapped Western na¬ Worrying about the mammoth task Administration policy is to use U.S. “lead¬ tions could ever raise the kinds of of economic reform in Russia could ership to leverage from the international sums needed to revive the economies be a full-time job in itself for Talbott, community considerably more money of Russia and the other republics. As yet his portfolio also includes an array than we are putting on the table our¬ Talbott makes his rounds in Washing¬ of tough political-military issues. Along selves.” ton and in other Western capitals, with many other analysts, Talbott har¬ As the Clinton administration looks arguing for new aid to the East, he will bors grave worries about the prospect for the money to make good on its new have to offer evidence that a few of conflict between Russia and its promises to Russia, it will confront broader drops in the bucket can create ripples neighbors. He believes that the exist¬ questions about U.S. foreign-aid priori¬ that matter. Already, the administra¬ ence of some 25 million ethnic Rus¬ ties. Again, Leahy has taken the lead in tion has begun making an argument sians who live in republics outside framing the terms of debate. “We must along these lines, carefully blending Russia will almost certainly ensure ask ourselves, as we look at every other realism with optimism, “Russia’s eco¬ trouble in the years ahead. “The U.S., part of the world where we are giving nomic vessel is too large and leaky for the West Europeans and the United foreign aid, whether we ought to cut us to bail it out; that’s not what’s at Nations must use their own consider¬ back on that aid and shift the money to stake here,” Clinton said in a speech able influence with the newly inde¬ Russia where direct United States na¬ just before the Vancouver summit. pendent states to protect the rights of tional interests are far greater,” Leahy “Our challenge is to provide some Russian minorities there,” Talbott has said in a March 4 Senate floor speech. tools to help the Russians do things argued. “Otherwise, Russia may take Talbott’s part in this debate will be to that work for themselves.” matters into its own heavy hands.” If argue, whether explicidy or implicitly, Another tactic of the administration, that happens, Talbott warned before that new assistance to the former Soviet both in its rhetoric and policy, is to seek taking office, Russia’s relations with Union is important enough to justify to differentiate new assistance to Russia the West would deteriorate rapidly, with aid efforts being suspended. Since his appointment, Talbott has made clear his intention not to neglect the 14 new states that surround Rus¬ Another tactic of the administration, both in its rhetoric sia. Already he has traveled to the capitals of some of these states. “The and policy, is to seek to differentiate new assistance to Ukrainians, the Armenians, the Kazakhs and the rest—these are proud, brave people who have been dealt a Russia from the rest of the foreign-aid budget. Aid to bad hand by history, especially in this century,” Talbott said in late March. Russia is not just another grant program, Talbott stresses, “We are going to help them.” Of the $1.8 billion pledged at Tokyo, $300 but a long-range investment that bolsters a “strategic million will go to states other than Russia. Finally, among all Talbott’s responsi¬ alliance with post-Soviet reform. ” bilities, one of the most urgent is to speed up reductions in the Russian nuclear arsenal. Many analysts see a cutting other aid programs, and this from the rest of the foreign-aid budget. closing window of opportunity for these task is not as easy as it seems. Al¬ Aid to Russia is not just another grant reductions, worrying that either chaos though nobody questions Russia’s stra¬ program, Talbott stresses, but a long- or renewed militarist sentiments may tegic significance, there is little con¬ range investment that bolsters a “strate¬ block the implementation of cuts that sensus in policy circles on whether aid gic alliance with post-Soviet reform. ” To have already been agreed to in the to the former Soviet republics can be counter worries that U.S. aid dollars START I and II treaties. While Congress decisive. Skeptics see the region as a will disappear into the black hole of the has committed $800 million for the foreign-aid sinkhole. They observe that Russian bureaucracy, officials also stress dismantling of nuclear weapons in Rus¬ if Bonn is spending tens of billions a that much of the new aid “will go to sia and other republics, with another year to overhaul the economy of the benefit the emerging private sector in $400 million now being requested by former East Germany, with a mere 16 Russia,” as Clinton said in Vancouver. the Clinton administration, problems
34 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 have arisen in dispensing this money. Unknown quantity est assignments in the national secu¬ According to a report by the General Strobe Talbott enters government rity establishment. His friendship with Accounting Office, made public earlier with a direct line to the White House the president can help him, but it this year, only $20 million has actually and an immense, if second-hand, cannot ensure his success. been spent. knowledge of bureaucratic infighting. Talbott's greatest advantage over the Here again, Talbott’s job is to get Already he has become an important long am may well prove to be his things moving. Talbott directly oversees actor on the international stage that optimism about a situation that readily the work of Ambassador James Goodby, he spent so many years analyzing as lends itself to resignation. Events in the chief U.S. negotiator for safety, a journalist. Russia are confused, Talbott has said, security, and dismantlement. Through In many ways, his appointment “but there is a pattern to them nonethe¬ the Policy Steering Group, he is posi¬ was an inspired one by President less, and that pattern points in the right tioned to spearhead inter-agency efforts Clinton. Talbott may possess precisely direction.” Talbott believes that the to cut through the bureaucratic road¬ the combination of passion and verve former Soviet Union can still be saved blocks that are holding up the demilita¬ that is needed to bring innovation and and turned into a prosperous and demo¬ rization program. Nevertheless, there is action to America’s Russia policy. But cratic region of the world. But Ameri¬ only so much that the U.S. government Talbott’s appointment is also enor¬ can leadership is needed to make this can do on this issue, since some of the mously risky. For all of his obvious happen. ■ delay in spending the appropriated assets, Talbott is still an unknown money stems from the failure to date of quantity. He is a novice policy-maker David Callahatt, a Princeton, N.J.- START I and II to be ratified by all with no experience in government based writer on current affairs, is a participating nations. who has been given one of the tough¬ frequent contributor to the Journal
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JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 35 The United States faces serious prob¬ with a formidably entrepreneurial and lems in Canada: a grassroots demand self-confident business class. Quebec’s for new Canadian leadership, the prob¬ gross domestic product is about $140 Post Referendum Canada: ability of increasing fragmentation of billion, placing Quebec's among the the central government's authority, in¬ world’s top 20 economies. The value of cluding the prospect of minority govern¬ its trade with the United States is about ments, more assertive provinces, and pos¬ the same as our trade with France. sibly eventual independence for Quebec. Current U.S. direct investment in Que¬ Our relationship with Canada will there¬ bec is about $10 billion. Quebec is the fore become far more complex and diffi¬ home of world-class companies, one of cult to handle at a time when managing which may build Texas’s high-speed continental relations (particularly in the rail system. Its government is compe¬ areas of trade and the environment) is tent and lives by free-market principles. becoming more and more important. Quebec’s is one of the few governments We should make it clear that, al¬ that have successfully implemented a though what Canadians do with their comprehensive economic and indus¬ polity is their business, their actions will trial policy. Quebec would be well able affect us. Our goal is to strengthen North to manage independence, and most of American economic, environmental, and the institutions required for indepen¬ defense cooperation. We should be dence are already in place, including prepared for eventual independence what amounts to a foreign ministry with for Quebec, and, in that event, increas¬ posts in the United States and overseas. ing interest in some provinces in joining (This is not to say that there would not the United States. be significant economic costs to Que¬ The root of the current political prob¬ bec if it were to become independent. lem in Canada is the issue of Quebec’s There would be such costs, although place in the confederation. French Que¬ their extent is disputed). beckers have successfully maintained their culture and distinctiveness from REALM OF IMPOSSIBLE the English conquest to this day, and Now, for the first time, many Canadi¬ they are justly proud of this achieve¬ ans are willing to contemplate the idea ment. Their wish to preserve their cul¬ of a Canada without Quebec. They do ture into the future is the fundamental so without enthusiasm and with a touch source of Quebec’s drive for a more of fatalism. The origins of this new autonomous and perhaps independent attitude lie in the breakdown of the relationship with the rest of Canada. traditional model of Canada as a coun¬ There is a very strong consensus in try of two founding peoples, French Quebec on this principle. and English. With about one-third of This problem has been a pan of Canadians having neither French nor Canadian politics for a long time, but its English immigrant backgrounds, many current manifestation is different and Canadians (particularly in the increas¬ more serious than previous eruptions ingly economically important western for several reasons: provinces) no longer see their country • independence for Quebec is a prac¬ through the prism of Canada’s origins. tical proposition; Hence the issue of Quebec’s place in • for the first time, the rest of Canada is Canada and of Quebeckers’ claims to willing to contemplate a future with¬ special status seems less and less impor¬ out Quebec; and tant and legitimate to more and more • the most recent attempt to resolve Canadians. the problem succeeded in exacer¬ This shift in political attitudes re¬ bating it and in focusing attention on ceived a powerful and unanticipated additional historically divisive issues. reinforcement as a result of the inclu¬ sion of a charter of rights in Canada’s INDEPENDENCE constitution at the same time it was Quebec’s population, which exceeds “patriated” from Britain by Prime Minis¬ 6 million, is increasingly well educated, ter Pierre Trudeau in 1982. (The patriation
BY DWIGHT N. MASON Rights was to add a new dimension to in Ontario, and 76 percent in British the Quebec issue by undermining fur¬ Columbia. ther—and decisively, in the eyes of Canadians outside Quebec—the legiti¬ ENTRENCHED POSITIONS macy of Quebec’s claim to special sta¬ It appears that the voters behaved as tus, insofar as that status limited indi¬ they did for |three principal! reasons: vidual rights. Non-Quebeckers were first, Canadians seized an opportunity not prepared to accept such limitations, presented by the referendum to send a even if that was the price of keeping message to Canadian political leader¬ Quebec in Canada. This attitude was ship at all levels about their bitter dis¬ documented among the findings of the content with the prime minister, his 1991 report of the Citizens’ Fomm on government, the national political par¬ Canada’s Future, which interviewed or ties, and many provincial governments received comments from more than about the state of the economy and its 350,000 Canadians. management. (Unemployment exceeds 11 percent.) As one Canadian columnist ADDING IN SPECIAL INTERESTS put it, “The constitution came to be seen The most recent attempt to solve the as the fiddle that the elites played while Quebec problem appears to have made Canada burned.” The vote was a repu¬ the situation worse. What seems to diation of most Canadian political lead¬ have happened is that, cumulatively, ers and the national political parties. the negotiations on the Quebec issue The second reason the amendments stimulated Western Canadians and the failed was substantive. Canadians be¬ native peoples to focus more and more came convinced that they had not been on their own historic grievances and to sufficiently thought through (as demon¬ insist that they be addressed concur¬ strated by the obvious incompleteness rently with Quebec’s—an example of of key elements, such as the matter of increasing Canadian unwillingness to the native peoples). C*K lf|%»10«.CaWO JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 37 reinforced that view. In the end, Que¬ opposed the amendments in the refer¬ quarter of our exports. We are partners beckers concluded that the agreement endum campaign), and therefore in a Free Trade Agreement and in the provided insufficient symbolic and prac¬ • A federal parliament with five parties proposed North American Free Trade tical recognition of their position, while rather than the existing three, where Agreement. Cooperation with Canada most other Canadians reached the op¬ the regional parties may well hold is essential to the management of many posite conclusion, and both voted no. the balance of power and thus the North American environmental matters The net effect was to harden and sharpen possibility of minority government. (water quality of the Great Lakes, for this fundamental difference, perhaps to • The delegation or legislated transfer example), the operation of air, rail, and the point of no return. Nevertheless, this of some central government powers water transportation systems (the St. issue may lie dormant for a time, be¬ to Quebec and the other provinces in Lawrence Seaway is one example), the cause most Canadians including most an attempt to meet Quebec’s con¬ air defense of North America (which is Quebeckers are heartily sick of it. tinuing demands or, as is happening now managed on a joint, integrated now, in response to federal budget¬ basis under the terms of the NORAD ary constraints, and agreement), not to mention hundreds Managing this vast relationship • Increasing demands for forms of self- of other arrangements incident to the government for the native peoples. fact that we are contiguous. with post-referendum Canada • Possibly eventual independence for Managing this vast relationship with will be a demanding task, for Quebec. Although a majority of Que¬ post-referendum Canada will be a de¬ beckers do not favor independence manding task. For example, we will example, we will probably have (at the moment 38 percent do), their probably have to deal directly with view of the nature of Canada is so provincial governments far more than is to deal directly with provincial profoundly different from that of now the case. They will not speak with other Canadians that it is hard to see one voice, nor will they always agree governments far more than is how they can be reconciled in the with the federal government. Further¬ now the case. long run, particularly because these more, there are significant regional dif¬ differences will likely intensify as the ferences and problems that will affect rest of Canada’s population contin¬ provincial policy—poverty in the ues to increase faster than Quebec’s Maritimes and increasing North-South and more of that growth shifts west¬ economic ties in the West are two ward thus gradually but inexorably examples. This means that our trade, reducing Quebec’s political and eco¬ environmental, and political relations An immediate consequence of this nomic power in the country and with Canada will become more compli¬ repudiation is likely to be changes in therefore its ability to protect its cated. We have had a taste of this political leaders and governments across culture. In fact it is this vision of already with such issues as the soft¬ Canada after federal and several provin¬ decline which may in the end prove wood lumber dispute, Great Lakes wa¬ cial elections over the next two years. to be the decisive factor in a move for ter levels, the maritime boundary dis¬ This process is well-advanced. A new independence. The next Quebec putes, provincial policies on wine and party leader (and therefore prime min¬ provincial election must take place beer sales, and provincial environmen¬ ister) was selected by the ruling Conser¬ by the end of 1994. It will be fought tal policies. vative Party in June, and preparations on the issue of separation, and in fact We should also recognize that our for a federal election are under way. the campaign has already begun. relations with any new government in A more significant result of the refer¬ • Increasing interest in joining the Canada are likely to be more difficult endum debacle is likely to be increasing United States. At the moment, ac¬ than they are now, if only because the political decentralization and fragmen¬ cording to the Decima poll cited political cost of dose relations with the tation of central government authority above, 20 percent of Canadians are United States can be high in Canada. in Canada. This may take several forms: inclined to join the United States. We will want and need good rela¬ • A decline in the strength of the Interest in this notion would prob¬ tions with Canadians no matter what Progressive Conservatives (who now ably increase significantly if Quebec their internal political arrangements are. form the government), the Liberals, became independent. We will also want and need good and the New Democrats (social demo¬ relations with Quebec if that province crats), which are the “national “ par¬ THf U.S. INTfRfST should become independent. We should ties (their failure to bring their mem¬ We should be concerned about these start to think now about how to struc¬ bership along in favor of the amend¬ developments because events in Canada ture our relationship with our neighbors ments illustrates this point), and directly affect the United States. Canada to the North in these new circum¬ • An increase in the strength of re¬ is our largest bilateral trading partner, stances. Such a planning effort is also gional parties (the Bloc Quebecois the largest recipient of U.S. direct invest¬ appropriate because, with the end of and the Reform Party, both of which ment, and the purchaser of almost a the Cold War, the nexus of U.S.-Cana- 38 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 (c - = ^ dian relations is likely to be primarily How to Buy Auto Insurance Overseas trade and environmental matters— matters that will be increasingly sub¬ There's really only one way. Select the agent who offers broad ject to provincial influence. experience and a high level of repeat business. Experience that helps Such an effort should be guided by you avoid the pitfalls of a highly complex business. Repeat business several principles: that results from providing what's best for the customer - not the agent. • We should continue to state that how Canadians manage their inter¬ For 34 years Harry M. 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Specifi¬ LOANER cally, we should make it clear that we expect that an independent Quebec would be included (and The Washington Area's Largest BMW Dealer would take the politically difficult Contact: but necessary steps to modify its Jay Klein Richard Burton economic subsidy policies to qualify Sales Director Sales and Leasing for inclusion) in the Free Trade Q_ Agreement and the North Ameri¬ can Free Trade Agreement. North American economic cooperation CO and integration are essential to us all. ■ CO Dwight Mason is a non-attorney partner at the Washington law firm of Storch & Brenner and is a mem¬ ber of the Atlantic Council’s Work¬ PASSPORT BMW ing Group on Canada. He was po¬ 5000 Auth Way • Marlow Heights, Maryland litical counselor from 1980 to 1983 and deputy chief of mission from (301) 423-8400 1986 to 1990 at the American Em¬ Call Today For A Home or Office Appointment bassy in Ottawa. JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 39 and reconciliation earned him the en¬ the editor alternately praising and con¬ Crocker’s Handbook mity of the right and the left. The demning Crocker. Lost in the smoke HIGH NOON IN SOUTHERN AFRICA.: ideological conflict and controversy that and the mud was Crocker’s book, a his diplomacy unleashed has resur¬ remarkable account of a complex and MAKING PEACE IN A ROUGH faced with the publication of High Noon difficult diplomacy of particular interest NEIGHBORHOOD in Southern Africa, Crocker’s own ac¬ to American Foreign Service officers. by Chester A Crocker, W. W. Norton & count of his years as Ronald Reagan’s Thematically, Crocker’s book can be Company, 1992, S29-95 hardcover, most durable and effective State Depart¬ divided in two. The first pan of the book 533pp. ment assistant secretary. deals with the diplomacy and politics of The Washington Post’s Book World, Crocker’s efforts to do what many con¬ Reviewed by Thomas A. Shannon in the guise of a January 10 review by sidered impossible: create peace in Chester Crocker was a political light¬ Harvard lawyer Makau wa Mutua, re¬ southern Africa. The second part is a ning rod during his eight years as assis¬ opened the debate with a harshly nega¬ more general reflection on the lessons tant secretary of state for African affairs. tive attack on Crocker’s diplomacy and learned and how those lessons might lie His largely successful effort to create an person. Unimpressed by the reality of applied to other peacemaking operations. independent and sovereign Namibia, Crocker’s accomplishments, Mutua ac¬ In the first part of his book, Crocker remove Soviet, Cuban, and South Afri¬ cused Crocker of following an leads the reader dirough the complex can influence from Angola and “accommodationist” policy toward South and tragic history of a region that has Mozambique, and forge the peace nec¬ Africa which left behind a region “dev¬ been at war since at least the early essary for southern Africa’s countries to astated by war.” Mutua’s diatribe set die 1970s. He presents a series of historical embark on internal processes of change tone for a series of reviews and letters to circumstances that should have been enough to convince any diplomat to stay home: first, negligible U.S. influ¬ ence in the region following our failed 1974 covert intervention in Angola; sec¬ Gf/m&r/c/ ~ - - ond, Soviet, Cuban, and South African A Classic AU-Sidte Property military involvement in Angola’s civil Ideally Located in Historic war; third, Namibia held hostage to Foggy Bottom, South Africa’s military ambitions in Angola; fourth, the rtinnoil within South Our 225 spacious suites offer full Africa, as the apartheid regime slowly kitchens, mini-bars, and comfortable came to grips with the inevitability of living areas. The highly acclaimed change; and finally, South Africa’s ef¬ Garden Cafe features contemporary forts to buy time by destabilizing and American regional cuisine and seasonal intimidating its neighbors. outdoor dining. The centerpiece of Crocker’s diplo¬ Convenient to the State Department, the macy was UN Security Council Resolu¬ Kennedy Center, Georgetown, Metro, tion 435, which sought to create a and the free MUSEUMS AND sovereign and independent Namibia. MONUMENTS. Recognizing that Namibia would not be Special AFSA rates available. free as long as Angola’s civil war in¬ volved foreign powers, Crocker linked Namibia’s independence to the with¬ drawal of Cuban and Soviet troops from Stnte&azafflotel Angola, and South African troops from Angola and Namibia. Through this strat¬ 2117 E Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 egy, Crocker hoped to create the condi¬ (202) 861-8200 • (800) 424-2859 tions for national reconciliation in Angola and to undermine the security force re¬ gime, which was impeding the disman¬ tling of apartheid in South Africa. 40 • FOREIGN SERVICE IOURNAL • JULY 1993 This is a paid advertisement left, to liberate In spite of Angola’s continuing troubles, To purchase a copy of subjugated Crocker set in place the structure which, HIGH NOON IN SOUTHERN AFRICA: peoples and pun¬ as the title of his book claims, is making Making Peace in a Rough Neighborhood ish their oppres¬ peace in a rough neighborhood. By Chester A. Crocker sors. In this regard, nomas A Shannon is labor attache at Send a check for $29.95 to: Crocker’s book the American Consulate General in W.W. Norton & Company, Inc. can be read as a Johannesburg. Dept. IKA / 500 Fifth Avenue companion New York, N.Y. 10110 piece to George Or order directly, toll-free; 1-800-233-4830 Shultz’s mem¬ Out of the Vortex (NY, CA, PA, IL residents, please add applicable sales tax) oirs. Crocker’s WHIRIJPOOL: U.S. FOREIGN POLICY descriptions of TOWARD LATIN AMERICA AND THE Crocker’s account of his diplomacy is efforts within the complicated and requires close, careful administration to undermine his poli¬ CARIBBEAN reading. The effort is worthwhile. cies, and the effective exploitation of By Robert Pastor, Princeton University Crocker describes a fluid process of those efforts by the South African gov¬ Press 1992, $24.94 hardcover, 338pp. exploration, coalition budding, deal¬ ernment and security forces, make chill¬ making, and deal-breaking, which is a ing reading. He also builds a strong case Reviewed by Cresencio Arcos primer on how to conduct negotiations for the importance of moral courage and Robert Pastor has written a timely when faced with seemingly intractable downright pugnacity in the successful ex¬ summary of U.S.-Latin American rela¬ circumstances as well as deep-seated ecution of foreign policy. tions. His cogent presentation of this animosity and distrust. That Crocker In the second part of his book, stormy relationship captures the es¬ largely succeeded in achieving his goals Crocker steps back from the nitty gritty sence of a “troubled marriage.” In a tour is tribute to his skill and tenacity. It is of his diplomacy to look at the broader d 'horizon of most of the literature of the also a tribute, as Crocker says time and lessons learned. Although short—less last 30 years, Pastor neatly traces this time again, to the Foreign Service offic¬ than 40 pages—these two chapters could often-neglected aspect of U.S. diplo¬ ers who worked with him. Crocker had have longer life and relevance than the matic history. At its heart, Whirlpool is the ability to attract talent. The reason diplomatic and political history that one more plea to U.S. foreign policy¬ why becomes apparent in his book, in precedes them. Crocker’s diplomacy makers: Latin America is important to which he regularly recognizes and pushes was faced with circumstances suddenly U.S. interests. The essential optimism of forward the desk officers, office directors, familiar to us in the post-Cold War this plea, however, is undermined by and deputy assistantsecretaries who helped world: limited U.S. military and eco¬ the book’s failure to address the Latin shape and execute his policies. nomic leverage, deep-seated antago¬ American issue of the post Cold War era: For those who believe that diplo¬ nism between negotiating parties, and the culture of cormption. macy begins at the water’s edge, Crocker internal political turmoil and weakness What is the whirlpool? It is not until also describes in great detail the Wash¬ that diminished the confidence and late in the book that Pastor gives us an ington politics that surrounded his south¬ undercut the authority of negotiators. explanation. According to Pastor’s vi¬ ern Africa policy. Delving into the de¬ Crocker’s description of how to use U.S. sion, policies in the Western Hemi¬ bates about military assistance to UNITA, prestige and status as a lever and of the sphere flow from a whirlpool shaped by the controversy created by “construc¬ desire of parties to settle the dispute, two different currents in the Caribbean tive engagement,” and eventual imposi¬ despite their incapacity to do so them¬ Basin. “Each current represents a differ¬ tion of sanctions, Crocker presents a selves, has particular resonance in light of ent conception of security, with the Washington that is as familiar as it is events in Bosnia and elsewhere. Crocker’s United States trying to exclude foreign distressing: unconcerned with the facts description of the importance of multilat¬ rivals and Latin America trying to con¬ and intent on achieving domestic ad¬ eral diplomacy and coalition building— tain U.S. power,” Pastor explains. The vantage. Crocker also sketches those on skills we have only partly learned—is also current from the north, “confident and the right and left who, uncaring of the strikingly relevant. dominant,” collides with the “defensive human cost, sought to live out their political Although Chester Crocker left the and divided” one from the south, creat¬ fantasies in foreign lands. For the right, that State Department in 1989, southern Af¬ ing “four recurring problems: dictators, fantasy was to crush communism; for the rica still bears the imprint of his policies. revolutions, development, and democ- JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 41 THE ONLY BOOKS CALL YOU NEED racy.” An erratic U.S. policy toward the The Latin Americans must determine TO MAKE! region reflects these conflicts, Pastor the limits of their relationship with the writes. The challenges recur, and “ex¬ United States. Macroeconomic reform, hausted, Washington stops fighting the free trade and investment, and demo¬ problems and floats to the edge, only to cratic celebrations are important for the ~s return to the center a generation later.” region’s development and for the future Professor Pastor is keenly aware of of the hemisphere. Ultimately, how¬ ExecuStay, Inc. the Eurasian focus of U.S. foreign policy ever, the impoverished people of Latin of the last 60 years. Noting the collapse America will tell us whether the efforts - - 1 800 735-7829 of communism, the emergence of a and sacrifices are worthwhile. 301-251-2771 United Europe and the rise of the Asian The Experts In Furnished tigers, Pastor eloquently states his case. Cresencio Arcos is U.S. ambassador to Short & Long-term Housing The end of the Cold War. while liberat¬ Honduras. ing, “did not...offer solutions to the hemisphere’s recurring problems,” Pas¬ tor argues. Rather, he posits, recent Foreign Service global changes afford U.S. policy-mak¬ Daydream ers “time to learn from past mistakes and to use new opportunities provided by TROPIC OF DECEIT the more important demands of democ¬ By Christopher Larson, William racy and freer trade.” Morrow & Co. Inc., 1993, $23 While Pastor is astute in describing hardcover, 303 pp- The ExecuStay Advantage the historical ebb and flow of policies ■ Hundreds of locations in the Reviewed by Hume Horan city or suburbs, for thirty and events in Latin America, his analysis days or longer. of the future of the hemisphere is in¬ Jim Biggins, a consular officer in a ■ Rates below per diem. complete. With Soviet communism no small, visa-intensive Caribbean post, ■ Flexible short and long-term longer the defining force in U.S. foreign has just viewed a murdered American at leases. policy, Pastor’s optimism is understand¬ the morgue. His reaction echoes that of ■ One, two and three bedroom apartments. able, but the author does not delve our Jidda consul, years ago, in a similar ■ Townhouses. enough into what makes the Latin Ameri¬ case: “I’ve just seen Dr. Frankenstein's ■ Private homes. cans tick, and for that reason his advice laboratory!” It’s here the daydream starts. ■ Fully furnished to meet your and predictions fall short of realism. The daydream goes on to stretch, but lifestyle. The history and culture of Latin not quite to break the bonds of reality. ■ Quality housewares including linens, fully outfitted kitchens America suggest that New England town Its ingredients are not unfamiliar and in and decorative accessories. councils and the Des Moines Chamber the hands of this author—who briefly ■ All expenses including utilit- of Commerce will not necessarily be the served in the Foreign Service in Dhaka— ties, phone service and cable democratic free-market models for most remain fictionally credible: there’s a television, on one bill. of our friends south of the border. non-career ambassador, the salty sta¬ ■ Maid service upon request. Corruption and impunity so deeply ■ Fitness centers at most locales. tion chief, a local gangster, Cuban intelli¬ ■ Pets accepted at many locales. rooted in the region will continue to gence. Jim, and Bobbi—a lreautifi.il visitor ■ Washers and dryers. thwart political and economic develop¬ who appears in Jim's office one day. ■ Close to shopping and enter¬ ment and cause instability. Pastor is Jim Biggins is well-drawn. Literate, tainment. unclear whether U.S. actions can influ¬ sincere, unglamorous—he worries con¬ ■ Many locations on public transportation routes. ence or improve this situation. The fact stantly about overweight—he’s also ■ Concierge service at some is that conniption is an endemic human realistic and resilient. He bruises but locations. condition, and each society must ad¬ won't easily break. 1 le reminds me of ■ Major credit cards accepted. dress the fundamental question of how no character so much as a young, Most Importantly... to deal with it. In the United States we clumsier, George Smiley. Bilbo Baggins ■ You make the decisions, we still pretend to honor virtue; in Latin also flitted through my mind. Bobbi is provide the service. America the powerful (and corrupt) are an island dream girl: a sort of Thome ■ We meet your budget. exalted. To be virtuous there is thought Smith “Topper,” a heroine with traces of 932 Hungerford Drive naive. This is now the real issue in Latin Holly Golightly and the female lead in Suite 12B America, not whether “red rats” are “Raiders of the Lost Aik.” Aphrodite, even? Rockville, Maryland 20850 causing mischief or the United States is Her survival skills are also well developed, seeking to intervene in the region. in an artless, self-confident way. 42 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 I 1 BOOKS AUTHORIZED EXPORTER GENERAL lUl ELECTRIC The adequate plot moves along in China as Li Dunbai, has been eagerly quickly and amusingly, helped by good awaited as the story that will make it all dialogue and—from our Foreign Ser¬ more intelligible to outsiders. One of a vice standpoint—nice flashes of obser¬ handful of foreigners who stayed in GENERAL ELECTRONICS vation and description. One nods or China throughout its revolution and the smiles at: “I preferred Ben’s rants to political movements of the 1950s and INC. hearing for the 15th time how our 1960s, Rittenberg is a true insider who Foreign Service compensation compared lived with the revolutionary leaders in □ REFRIGERATORS □ FREEZERS with what German diplomats got,” (fim). Yanan before they established the □ RANGES □ MICROWAVE OVENS □ AIR CONDITIONERS □ DRYERS Or, “Cheer up, amigo—you look like People’s Republic, speaks impeccable □ WASHERS Q SMALL APPLIANCES your favorite gerbil died,” (Bobbi). Chinese, married a Chinese woman, □ AUDIO EQUIPMENT Cl TELEVISION At the end of the day dream... re¬ and joined the Chinese Communist Party. □ DISHWASHERS □ TRANSFORM ERS COMPLETE CATALOG entry. Are we, average men and women, Like many foreigners caught up in the □ (Please check box) really meant to consort with the Olym¬ revolution, Rittenberg became redder pians who may come our way? Larson’s than red, a more dedicated Communist Available for All Electric denoument is another instance where than most Chinese. Treated alternately Currents/Cycles Foreign Service readers will nod (and as a celebrity and a traitor, he was given smile) in recognition. little opportunity to remain aloof from Immediate Shipping/Mailing From our Local Warehouse At this writing, leaves and transfers are the conflicts. He suffered for his dedica¬ upon us—with Tropic of Deceit in your tion and was, perhaps, steeled in it by We Can Also Furnish carry-on, Mr. Larson offers you a speedy years in prison that raised the emotional Replacement Parts for and pleasant flight back to CONUS. stakes on his involvement. Disillusioned Most Manufactures at last, Rittenberg, writing in collabora¬ Hume Horan is ambassadorto Cote d’h relief rice to the hungry. Rittenberg’s lution, he had emerged from his emo¬ admiration was stirred for Mao Zedong. tional cage of fear, and his reactions Rittenberg managed to travel to seemed to echo those ascribed to Mao Yanan, the Communist base area, with himself: he was frustrated by bureau¬ the help of Zhou Enlai, and he took up cratization and missed the zeal of the a job teaching English and working on early years that had motivated the English-language broadcasts. On the country. He wanted more revolution. eve of the Communist victory, Party Rittenberg saw the Cultural Revolu¬ leaders asked him to go to Beijing to tion as the beginning of true freedom take on an important assignment. Ex¬ in China—free speech, freedom of cited at the prospect of a job in the new the press, and freedom to take politi¬ government explaining the Chinese cal power. In the context of a society Communists to a suspicious America, that allowed no freedoms whatso¬ the 25-year-old got into the jeep that ever, he saw the violent seizure of had arrived to take him to the future power by groups of students not as an capital. The driver paused at a little appalling descent into chaos but as house on the road, and when Rittenberg revolutionary self-assertion, a sort of Come to American walked in, he was placed under arrest Boston Tea Party writ large. He so Service Center for diplomatic on changes of spying. That began six lionized Mao Zedong that he did not immunity from high prices. If years in solitary confinement, the first of think it self-serving for Mao to con¬ you are on an overseas them in darkness and being given drugs done the overthrow of the party cad¬ assignment, and carry a that made him hallucinate. res his own revolution had put in diplomatic or official passport, Part of the sadness of the story re¬ place. He became a prominent spokes¬ you can save on the purchase sides in Rittenberg’s description of his man for the “leftists." Once Li Dunbai of a new Mercedez Benz with state of mind during this unimaginable had served his purpose, however, his U.S. equipment, shipped ordeal. In what is probably a common sponsor in the Central Committee response to brutality, he felt culpable turned against him, and Rittenberg directly to the United States or for somehow failing as a Communist, was again imprisoned. This time he for pick up in Stuttgart* and he accepted the imprisonment as a stayed in jail 10 years, until Mao Contact Erik Granholm, test of his revolutionary resolve. He Zedong died and the Gang of Four our Diplomatic and Tourist emerged, with the official apology of was overthrown. Sales Manager. the Communist Party, thoroughly iden¬ Now living in Washington state, tified with the party and broken in spirit. Rittenberg, 70, writes, “I have learned “I fought off panic attacks that came on that whatever the world’s problems— me suddenly,” he writes. “I was skittish and they are grave—there is no one and shy around uniformed people, grand plan that will solve them. And whom I expected to begin issuing me I have learned that real change will orders at any moment. 1 was frequently not happen in the glorious tumult and hesitant lest I inadvertently break some clash of revolution, but rather in more rule.” measured and modest moves.” It is By this time, Rittenberg’s links to the sad that nothing except his own bitter United States had grown weak, and he experience could convince Rittenberg rican doubted he had the emotional stability of these truths. left to establish a life for himself back at Besides describing a fascinating and Service Center home. He chose to stay and accept the representative odyssey, this book pro¬ 585 North Glebe Read job he was assigned. He describes his vides a close description of life within Arlington, Virginia 22203 motivations for participating in the the citadel during that long-ago period 703/525 2100 movements of the 1950s as essentially when China could and did close itself FAX: 703/525-1430 docility underpinned by a belief in the entirely to the outside world. This sort of *Cir mas* tie imported mu> l1S within 6 months after taking delivery in FIITOJX* basic goodness of the system. He ratio¬ first-person account, meticulously de¬ nalized away the arrest and brutaliza¬ scribed and without the distortions of Mercedes Bcru Regisu rdl radcnarks of Daimler Benz AG. tion of friends and colleagues to meet vanity, is probably the best history any¬ Stuagan, Federal Republic of Germany quotas of “enemies” on the grounds that one could write. ■ revolution required sacrifice, sometimes of innocents. Anne Stevenson-Yang worked for three By the dawn of the Cultural Revo¬ years for a Chinese magazine in Beijing. 44 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 The Blue Boats of Naples By Charles Stuart Kennedy hile not included in the Naples, the Sorrento Peninsula and looked alike and were painted a dark job description for the Capri. But the most fun was watching blue. Each met all Italian Coast Guard consul general in Naples, the activities of water-borne black safety requirements and was legally monitoring the view from market—the blue boats. registered, but the boats existed for the office windows is a These were fast, wooden speed¬ one purpose only—to smuggle ciga¬ responsibility that cannot be avoided. boats, about 20 feet long, Spartan in rettes. Although owned by various One side of the office provides a view equipment except for the individuals or organizations, all the of the city and Vesuvius, so a wise powerful engines. <— boats were tied to the Camora (the consul general, with the events of 79 The boats all Neapolitan equivalent to the Mafia) A.D. never far from mind, tends to criminal underworld. At one time I check frequently for volcanic activ¬ could see 50 or so of these boats ity. On another side can be seen bobbing away in the marinas the magnificent vista on I'Ul near the consulate genera 1. the Bay of fleet ~~WM I&v.- Sfr/S^rr.r- H-SvivL Jfc MS V\ JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 45 POSTCARDS would go out in groups of 10 or more The real fun would start on the to rendezvous with freighters loaded return trip. The little blue boats would with cigarettes from Egypt, Tunisia, or criss-cross each other’s wakes at full some other Arab state. The freighters speed, with the empty boats acting as would stay just outside Italian territo¬ decoys so that the real stuff could get rial waters. Boxes, about 3 feet square, through. If Customs drew close to would be loaded onto the boats, some these decoy boats, the crews could empty and some full of cigarettes so heave the empty boxes over the side. places to visit. Tourism as to confound the Guardia di Sometimes the Guardia scored, how¬ provides so many Finanza (Customs) officers who were ever, and picked up full boxes from pleasures. And so the water. many benefits. It’s a $350.8 billion* As a battle moved toward the shore, The real fun would start on the industry that generates it became a real spectator sport, caus¬ return trip. The little blue $42.9 billion* in local, ing people to lean out of their office state and federal tax boats would criss-cross each and apartment windows. Often a Cus¬ revenues. . . taxes that other’s wake at full speed, toms helicopter would join the chase, help pay for new but it could do little except keep track highways, build with the empty boats acting as of the blue boats until the Customs schools and support a decoys so that the real stuff boat could catch them, which was not variety of public could get through. easy. There would be one “command services. And in the boat” for the blue fleet, which had a process, keeps your walkie-talkie and could direct the ma¬ personal taxes down. neuvers. When the boats came close Tourism Works For to the shore they zipped to the sea America. . . and for you wall, tossed the boxes to a waiting van, and took off. * Preliminary 1989 Estimates, Customs would always make a few Source: U S. Travel Data Center arrests and confiscate a few boats during these battles. If a boat’s two- man crew was arrested and convicted, their families were taken care of by the smugglers’ organization until they returned to the fray; it was similar to occupational insurance. If Customs drew close to these At one point the Guardia di decoy boats, the crews could Finanza became too successful, so the sellers of black-market cigarettes heave the empty boxes over on the street went on strike (this was the side. Sometimes the before my time). These vendors— Guardia scored, however, and mostly elderly ladies—demonstrated in front of the mayor’s office. The picked up full boxes from the people of Naples did not like to have water. to pay a stiff tax on legal cigarettes, and the combined weight of unhappy customers and street vendor-black marketeers and their families forced following the operation on their own the mayor to put pressure on the fast boats and sometimes in helicopters. Guardia to ease up its anti-smuggling The Customs people and the blue activities. The war between the fleet moored their boats near each Guardia's boats and the blue fleet other, and both groups would set out went on, but it was never allowed to together past Capri. The crews would be won. ■ chat as they went out to play their Neapolitan version of cops and rob¬ Charles Stuart Kennedy was consul bers. general in Naples 1979-81. The National Travel and Tourism Awareness Council ©1990. National Travel and Tourism Awareness Council 46 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 We concentrate on Normandy Landscape only ONE thing ... June 1944 Managing your property. PROFESSIONAL by PROPERTY Howard R. Simpson RE MANAGEMENT OF NORTHERN MANAGE VIRGINIA INC. ❖ Join our growing number of owners from Athens to Zaire It was a beautiful day on the Vire ,_T- who trust the management of their properties to PPM. Pro¬ with marshmallow clouds fessional service with a per¬ sonal touch. scudding Discounts on appliances through an eye-blue sky. and more! 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FAX: (301) 375-8006 GOURMET 2 A Taste for Teashops BY POLLY CLINGERMAN etticoat tails, pikelets, parkin, der the crackly sugar top, a thousand tically, some dense, unsweetened P flummery, tansey, treacle tart, tender layers of yeast dough oozed whipped cream. (Heap the cream on, spotted Dick. The quirky caramelized sugar, cinnamon, raisins. then the jam.) names of British sweets almost Greasy, maybe, but this was heaven. demand that the treats be British pastries are homey. They PLAIN SCONES tasted. Who could resist crumpets and are untidy. Their edges crumble; their 2 cups flour crumbles, oaties and fools? fillings ooze. I imagine British teashop 2 teaspoons baking powder You find these delights in British bakers as comfy souls, not the arty Vi teaspoon salt teashops—cozy, cheerful places with sort who produce tarted-up, not-a- Vi cup sugar old and young dears ready to serve crumb-out-of-place French confec¬ Vi cup firm butter or margarine, cut you a cuppa to go with the sweets or tions. What French patisserie would in small pieces to offer a bit of advice. serve an untidy, caramelly lardy cake Vfe cup raisins One afternoon I eyed a big square or a fruit tart whose crust shattered Vi cup milk (approx.) of pastry with a golden, sugar-glazed because it was so tender and whose Preheat oven to 425 degrees. Sift top and raisins and caramel oozing fruit oozed out? French pastries are flour, baking powder, salt and sugar out of the thousand-layered, rough- the soul of elegance and refinement, into a mixing bowl. Add butter and cut edges. “I’ll have the lardy cake,” I and often taste as if all the goodness rub it into the flour with your finger¬ said. had been fussed right out of them. tips until it is like fine bread crumbs. The red-checkered dear behind the You can keep thefr dry apple and Toss in raisins. Add enough milk to counter pursed her lips. Wouldn’t I plum tart, their clafoutis and mille make a soft dough you can roll out. prefer a nice bit of jam tart? The Lardy feuilles and iced gateaux. I’ll take On a floured surface, roll dough to Vi- Cake wasn’t at its best today. “It should unpretentious British baking every inch thickness. Cut in rounds. Bake be nice and greasy, you see,” and time. on a cookie sheet for 12 to 15 minutes today’s evidently wasn’t. My urge to Here are a couple bits of British or until golden. Makes 18 2-inch taste it dimmed considerably, and I tea-shop sorcery. Try the wickedly scones. had jam tart. But the golden, gooey rich caramel shortbreads or opt for a layers kept teasing at me until one day classic scone. Serve it hot, split, and CARAMEL SHORTBREAD I ordered a square, which fortunately buttered, with a pot of jam and a bowl This wonderful shortbread has a was of the desired of clotted Devonshire chewy caramel top and a chocolate greasiness. It was cream or, more realis¬ glaze. It’s disgustingly rich. served warm. Un¬ JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 49 A GOURMET LET EUROPE Shortbread 11/3 cups all purpose flour BE YOUR CAMPUS V2 cup plus 1 tablespoon cornstarch Vz cup (1 stick) cold butter, no LEYSIN AMERICAN SCHOOL IN SWITZERLAND substitutes 1 GRADES 9 THROUGH 12, PG YEAR /3 cup granulated sugar Preheat oven to 325 degrees. Sift SUMMER ENRICHMENT PROGRAM flour and cornstarch into a large bowl. Cut butter in little pieces and rub it Highly respected, private, coeducational, American International into the flour with the tips of your boarding school in the French Swiss Alps, near Lake Geneva. fingers until there are no large lumps. Add sugar and knead until the dough Successful American College Prep, Advanced Placement, and the binds together, is satiny smooth, and International Baccalaureate programs. SAT testing Center. Finest you can't feel any sugar grains. The sports and recreation programs in all of Europe. Magnificent skiing “at secret of good shortbread is to knead our doorstep". Full U.S. and European Accreditations. it enough. Turn dough out on lightly greased cookie sheet and pat it into a !/2-inch- Thomas F. Rouillard thick square—it will be about 6 inches. L.A.S. U.S. Director of Admissions Bake in center of oven for 30-35 Box 4016, Portsmouth, NH 03802-4016 minutes or until pale gold and firm to Tel: 603.431.7654 @ the touch. It mustn’t brown. Cool on Fax: 603.431.1280 the baking sheet. Caramel Layer J (Cut amounts in half for thin layer) 1/2 cup butter or margarine 1/3 cup granulated sugar 2 Tablespoons light corn syrup 1/2 cup sweetened condensed milk In a small, heavy saucepan place butter, sugar, symp, and sweetened, condensed milk. Stir over low heat, let Westtown, Pennsylvania — Founded in 1799 it boil steadily, stirring constantly, until A QUAKER BOARDING SCHOOL OFFERING: a deep gold color about 15 minutes. (The darker the color the more chewy the caramel.) Cool the caramel for a few • small, academically challenging, coed classes minutes until it is spreading consistency • a commitment to the boarding experience with and spread it over the shortbread. full week activities and adult supervision • a diverse community with students from 31 states and 23 countries Chocolate Topping • a nurturing environment which emphasizes 4 ounces semisweet chocolate Melt the chocolate in a double individual achievement and community development boiler over hot, not boiling, water or • outstanding facilities including a science center, in a microwave. Pour chocolate over arts center, fieldhouse, and 25-meter swimming pool the caramel, covering it completely. • a beautiful 600-acre campus in a safe, suburban Spread it evenly and firmly with a community, convenient to transportation and knife so that it adheres to the caramel. major metropolitan areas Make swirls in the chocolate with a Visitors welcomed. fork. It will take several hours for the For mofe information, please contact: chocolate to set completely. When it Sarah J. Goebel is firm, cut the shortbread into fingers. Director of Admissions and Financial Aid Store in an airtight container until tel: 215-399-0123 fax: 215-399-3760 ready to serve. Makes approximately 25 bars. ■ 50 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 [? qi “The Only Place to be in Washington, DC Fully Appointed Suites, Individual Extended Stays Two Northwest, D.C. Locations We offer Convenience. We Offer Comfort and Style. Best of All, We Offer Value. poraie Suites of Waskingfon (800) 325-0448 (202) 483-0100 Fax (202) 234-0786 3636 16th Street Washington, D.C. 20010 JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 51 r A Affordable Luxury If you are relocating, a business traveler or need temporary housing, we offer the comforts of home. • Located minutes from Pentagon, • Controlled access entry throughout Washington, DC and National Aiiport. building. • Luxurious one and two bedroom • Complete Nautilus fitness center, apartments completely furnished and lighted tennis court, and a spacious accessorized with fully equipped outdoor swimming pool. gourmet kitchens and washers and dryers. • 4 blocks from Ballston Metro, courtesy Shuttle provided. • Weekly maid service, free cable TV. • Free underground parking. • Within walking distance of department stores, specialty shops and restaurants. • Cats welcome. • Adjacent to bike/jogging trail. THE CHASE BALLSTON FOR INFORMATION CALL 703-516-4320 The Service You Deserve or FAX 703-516-4369 4650 N. Washington Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22201 FSOs, EXECUTIVE AND PROFESSIONAL RETIREES— THIS MAY BE EXACTLY RIGHT FOR YOU!!! Experience retirement living with. . . • a relaxed country club atmosphere; • no initial investment, you pay by the month • maintenance-free living; • excellent dining with sophisticated companions; • around the clock switchboard services; • private, ranch-style apartment, furnished by you; • easy access to cultural activities, golf courses, interesting shopping GREY GABLES. . .A stimulating atmosphere for retired and first-class medical facilities. FSOs, educators, executives and other professionals who discover that Grey Gables, a not-for-profit organization licensed by the State of California, is the “best buy” in exciting retire¬ ment living. Enjoy living in the lovely town of Ojai with its quaint shops, golf courses, nationally recognized For additional information, complete and return the coupon. cultural events, many organizations and churches, and excellent medical facilities. Return to: Grey Gables of Ojai Telephone: Celebrate living in the best of Southern California 701 N. Montgomery St. 805-646-1446 weather, high mountain scenery above the nearby Pacific waves. Ojai, CA 93023 Come spend a few days with us. You will see our Name beautiful campus with its ranch style apartments, Address charming dining room, heated swimming pool, hobby and game room, and complete housekeeping City . State. .Zip. and linen service. Telephone ( CH Descriptive brochure Life is rich and full when you live at □ Visitation information GREY GABLES. Grey Gables of Ojai is not sponsored by, affiliated with or in any way related to the American Association of Retired Persons or the National Retired Teachers Association. James H. Bahti, 69, died of heart In 1973, the family returned to Vir¬ where she studied, performed, and taught complications in Fairfax, Virginia on ginia, where Burgess continued her ballet for several years. Later she worked April 24. volunteer activities. She was recog¬ in Washington, D.C. for the federal gov¬ Bahti, born in Hancock, Michigan, nized by Fairfax County as one of the ernment. In 1938 she married and trav¬ received a bachelor’s degree from Michi¬ “Most Active Volunteers of the Year” in eled to many countries with her hus¬ gan Technological University and a the 1980s. band in support of his Foreign Service master’s and doctorate in political sci¬ Burgess’ survivors include her hus¬ assignments. ence from the University of Michigan. band, Roger E.; four sons, who are all The Hancocks moved to a 90-acre He served in the Army during World in the Foreign Service: Roger Jr., in farm in 1972. In later years Hancock War II. Managua; John F., with USIA in Wash¬ became a recognized painter specializ¬ Bahti’s Foreign Service career included ington; David, in Washington; and ing in water colors. She donated her service as consul general in Dhahran, Christopher T., in Washington; a daugh¬ time giving art therapy to Orange County Saudi Arabia and Alexandria, Egypt; he ter, Claire T., of Melbourne, Florida; nursing home residents. also served in Gennany and India, and as seven grandchildren; two sisters, and Survivors include her husband, two deputy director of United Nations peace¬ three brothers. daughters, Joann Hallahan of Yachats, keeping forces on the Sinai Peninsula. He Oregon; and Mary Jane Anderson of retired in 1983 and worked for the State Everett F. Drumright, 86, a retired Springfield, Virginia; and three grand¬ Department in the office of Historical ambassador, died after a brief illness in children. Documentation Review. Poway, California on April 24. Survivors include Anita, his wife of 45 Drumright retired as U.S. ambassa¬ James M. McCarron died after mi¬ years; two sons, Thomas, of Sobieski, dor to The Republic of China in 1962, nor surgery on April 12 in Newport Wisconsin, and Timothy, of Ann Arbor, after 32 years in the Foreign Service. A Beach, California. Michigan; a sister; and two granddaugh¬ graduate of the University of Okla¬ McCarron served in the Navy during ters. homa, his first post was in Juarez, World War II as a photographer and Mexico, where he served as vice con¬ cinematographer and later joined the Claire Teresa Burgess, 72, wife of sul. He then served as language officer U.S. Information Service. He served in retired U.S. Agency for International throughout China, moving from Iran, Korea, Turkey, the Philippines, Development officer Roger E. Burgess, Hangzhou to Beijing, Shanghai, Kenya, and Swaziland. died at her home in Vienna, Virginia, on Shantou, Nanjing, and Chongqing. He He is survived by his wife, Corinne, March 19, following a long illness. also had assignments in London and and by two sons, Gregory, of Hunting- A lifelong volunteer and civic activ¬ Tokyo. In 1945, he became chief of the ton Beach, California and Timothy, of ist, Burgess began her public service as Division of Chinese Affairs. He then London, England. an aircraft spotter and later worked as a held posts in Seoul, New Delhi, and boilermaker and welder while her hus¬ Bombay. In 1953, Drumright was named Helen M. Oxford, 74, a retired For¬ band served in the Army Air Corps. deputy secretary of state for Far Eastern eign Service secretary, died of cancer at When the family moved to McLean, affairs. He received the personal rank her home in Springdale, Arkansas on Virginia, she was active in the forma¬ of minister as consul general in Hong April 23. tion of the McLean Boys Club. Kong and Macao. He retired in 1962 Oxford served more than 28 years in In Ankara, Turkey, where her hus¬ and traveled throughout the world the Foreign Service including posts in band was labor officer, she established before settling in Poway. Colombo, Bonn, Pretoria, and Sofia. In English-language training classes and Survivors include Florence, his wife 1974 she retired to Springdale, where supported a children’s hospital and or¬ of 38 years; and a brother, Aaron, of she continued her interest in interna¬ phanage. Ottawa, Kansas. tional affairs by corresponding with In the mid-1960s, her husband was countless Foreign service friends assigned to Vietnam and she was “safe- Mary Jane Barry Hancock, 78, throughout the world. havened” in Bangkok, where for six wife of Foreign Service officer Robert Oxford is survived by two brothers, years she organized the Saigon Wives A. Hancock, died April 3, at her home three sisters, two stepbrothers, two step¬ Club to help family members cope with in Spotsylvania County, Virginia. sisters, and several nieces and nephews. separations. Hancock was born in Toledo, Ohio, JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 53 We’ve Built a Team to Serve you*** In Maryland, Virsinia and D.C., Coldwell Banker Property Management provides superior leasing and property management services to absentee home wners. We have a full-time staff of expertly trained perty managers ready to serve your needs. □ YES! I would like more We Offer: information on Coldwell Banker • Complete tenant screening Property Management services and • On-site property inspections related fee structure. • Monthly statements Name: • Year-end tax statements Add ress: • Prompt disbursement of proceeds to owners • Dependability at competitve rates Rental Property Call us today! Telephone #:_ COLDWeLL (703) 556-6100 Mail to: Coldwell Banker Residential Property BANK Today; women can have it all. Exciting careers, loving families, and heart attacks. Heart attack is by far the biggest killer of American women, claiming nearly 250.000 lives each year. But there is hope. Thanks to AHA-supported research and educational efforts, millions of women have learned howto reduce their risk. And you can, too. by writing us at: 7320 Greenville Ave.. Box 12. Dallas. TX 75231. American Heart Association This space provided as a public service PROPERTY MGMT. property inspection. ALEXANDRIA, VA.: Near halfway between Seattle and Mortgages paid. Repairs. Mount Vernon Pkwy, minutes Vancouver, BC in a dazzling J.P. PROPERTIES, Close personal attention. from D.C., lovely home, 5 scenic setting with islands to LTD.: Complete profes¬ We’re small but very effective. bedrooms, 3 baths, living the west and mountains to the sional dedication to the FS and military references. room, dining room, Florida east. Whether your pursuits management of residential Lowest rates. Best service. room, family room, garage, are physical or intellectual, property in Northern Vir¬ TERSH NORTON, Box 42429, in-ground pool, large deck. Whatcom county can provide ginia. Allow our multi¬ Washington, D.C. 20015, Secluded, landscape 1/4 acre. them-, golf, tennis, boating, faceted professionals to (202) 363-2990. $335,000, negotiable. (703) fishing, biking, skiing, offer personal attention to GOING OVERSEAS? We’ll 765-8051 or (813) 789-3061. theater, university courses your home, careful tenant rent and manage your home BERKELEY SPRINGS, etc. Contact Kathy Shropshire screening, and video in¬ for you. Our staff of ex¬ WV: NEW LISTING, of FAIRHAVEN REALIY for infor¬ spections of your property. perienced professionals spe¬ WOODED RETREAT: 6.6 mation at 592 Trout Lake Dr., We are equipped to handle cialize EXCLUSIVELY in property acres, with immaculate 1600 Bellingham, WA 98226. Tel: all of your property management. Nobody sq. ft. home 3BR, 2BA. CAC, (206) 676-4683. management needs. Over provides more personal care fireplace, deck and more. BERKELEY SPRINGS, 15 years real estate ex¬ and attention to you and your $89,000. W.V.: The place for all perience and Foreign Ser¬ Arlington or Fairfax County CHARMING ANTIQUE LOG seasons and all reasons! vice overseas living home than PEAKE MANAGEMENT, HOME: Restored, updated ON THE MOUNTAIN TOP: 2 experience JOANN PIEKNEY, INC. Call, write or FAX Lindsey and enlarged 3BR, antique stoiy cabin shell, 1600 SF, 301 Maple Ave. W, 4-G, Peake, 6842 Elm Street, Suite log home nestled in Sleepy working bath, 5 acres of Vienna, VA 22180. Tel (703) 303, McLean, VA 22101. Tel Creek Valley. Mountain woodland privacy. $54,500. 938-0909 FAX (703) 281- (703) 448-0212, FAX (703) views. 58.42 private acres, CHARMING CENTURY 9782. 448-0236. pond, painters/writer’s cabin, OLD: 2 BR, 4.59 acres, walk RESIDENTIAL WASHINGTON and more than 3,500 feet on to sparkling Cacapon River PROPERTY MANAGE MANAGEMENT SERVICES: Sleepy Creek. $230,000. $82,500. MENT: Specializing in Residential property manage¬ CACAPON EAST: 17 of the IMMACULATE STONE Northwest Washington, ment is our only business. 36 lots already sold! Atop HOME: 9.6 acres, pond joins D.C. neighborhoods offers Call, write, or fax MARY BETH Cacapon Mountain and ad¬ Cacapon State Park, golf. Foreign Service personnel OTTO, 2015 Q St. NW, jacent to Cacapon State Park $180,000. extensive personal and Washington, D.C. 20009. Tel. for golfing, swimming, ten¬ CENTURY 21 COLONIAL REALTY professional attention for (202) 462-7212, Fax (202) nis...spectacular views. Tom Ryan, broker CALL SHIR- your rental and manage¬ 332-0798. Averaging 3 acres from LEY RYAN 800-635-0478. ment needs. Inquiries wel¬ $25,000. RETURNING TO D.C.? comed. Contact Shannon REAL ESTATE CACAPON SOUTH: Planned Real estate prices are where Rodes, METRO CONDO community at the entrance to they were in the late 80’s, in¬ BED & BREAKFAST: MANAGEMENT, INC, Cacapon State Park offers the terest rates the lowest in 20 Washington, DC 20009, 1837 B & B in historic "Little best in Morgan County. Just years—now may be a good (202) 332-7574, FAX: (202) Washington," Virginia. 5BR, 26 miles to Winchester. From time for you to buy. I have 5BA includes owners’ 387-6155. $16,500. provided exclusive repre¬ FAHEY & AS¬ quarters, plus a separate retail BRICK RANCHER: 3BR, sentation to many Foreign SOCIATES: Professional, shop. Can easily be enlarged. 2BA, family room, formal DR Service employees as a buyer residential, property Main Street charm plus mag¬ and living room with brick agent. For important informa¬ management service for nificent views of Blue Ridge. fireplace, HP, CAC. Walkout tion on the benefits of buyer Northern Virginia proper¬ BARBARA PATTON, MCENEARNEY basement on 1.92 ac, in pres¬ agency send for a free report ASSOCIATES, INC., McLean, VA ties. Expertise and personal tigious area, hard surface available from MARILYN attention to detail are the (703) 893-6420. road, views and more CANTRELL, GRI, Associate hallmarks of our established WALK TO NEW $112,500. Broker at Mary Price-Howell firm. References provided. FSI/ORANGE LINE METRO: Call for listings and ap¬ Properties, 6402 Arlington Available August 1, 1993, JIM FAHEY, 9520 B Lee High¬ pointment: IDRIS ROSSELL, Real¬ Boulevard, Falls Church, VA way, Fairfax, VA 22031 two-bedroom townhouse tor, GRI for appt. at your 22042. (703) 533-3333, Fax with garage in Arlington. Six (703) 691-2006, Fax (703) convenience (304) 258-4604 (703) 538-6092. blocks to Ballston Metro; 4 691-2009. 1-800-734-3653. HOMESTEAD ELEGANT APARTMENTS blocks to Va. Square Metro; MANOR SERVICES: PROPERTIES 209 1/2 N. AT RIVER PLACE. Arlington, Former federal law enforce¬ 15-minute walk to new FSI. Washington St., Berkeley VA; Efficiencies one-, two- ment agent letting his 10- Rent $1000/month. Interested Springs, WV 25411, Gary K. bedrooms, two blocks from year residential parties contact owner, 3901F Olsen, Broker. metro, FSI. Bike or Metro to N. 6th Street, Arlington, VA management company ex¬ WHATCOM COUNTY, Pentagon. Superior furnish¬ pand upon retirement. Best 22203 - tel. (703) 522-4873 WASHINGTON: The perfect ings, immediate phone and tenant screening. Frequent evenings/weekends. retirement locale, located CATV, microwave, linens and many amenities. Site has AMERICAN REALTY GROUP, 915 N. and preparation of returns. 242-8559. P.O. Box 1144 spa, rates within your per Stafford St., Arlington, VA M. BRUCE HIRSHORN, BORING PAR¬ Vienna, VA. 22183. diem. Call or fax SOJOURNER 22203. (703) 524-0482 or ROTT & pnLGF.R, Suite D, 307 HOUSING at (301) 762-7692 (703) 276-1200. Children wel¬ Maple Avenue, West, Vienna, for brochure or reserva¬ comed. Pets on approval. VA 22180. Tel. (703) 281- MAIL ORDER tions. FOREIGN SERVICE AS 2161, Fax: (703) 281-9464. FLORIDA: Enjoy the best SOCIATES can provide fully COMPLETE TAX & AC AVON: for free catalog of living all year. Former furnished apartments five COUNTING SERVICES: Spe¬ mailed to you, write: STEPHANIE Y. HUGHES, 713 FSO Paul Byrnes, PRUDEN¬ minutes walk from FSI and cialize in Foreign Service and Grandview Drive, Alexandria, TIAL FLORIDA REALTY, 100 N. the Rosslyn subway. We have overseas contractor situa¬ VA 22305. Tamiami Tr., Sarasota, FL attractive efficiencies, 1 tions, VIRGINIA M. TEST, CPA 34236, can help with bedrooms, 2 bedrooms, and 2200 E. Patrick Lane, #27, Las BEADS, BEADS, BEADS! property anywhere in even a Penthouse in River Vegas, NV 89119, (702) 795- plus pendants, findings, stringing materials, tools, Florida, CALLPAUL toll free, 1- Place. They are completely 3648. 800-766-1610. furnished, including CATV ATTORNEYS: specializing books, and more. Wherever NORTHERN VIRGINIA: and telephones. Short term in tax planning and return you may be, BEADZIP can fill Vineyard, beautiful mature leases available within your preparation for the Foreign all your beadstringing needs. 6 acre Chardonnay, Caber¬ per diem. Write us at P.O. Box Service community. Available To receive our 30-page net vineyard on 32 acres. 12855, Arlington, VA 22209, for consultation on the tax im¬ catalog and information View, pond, barns, 3 or call or FAX 1-703-636-7606. plications of investment about PS, our personal shop¬ bedroom, 2500 sq. ft. Give us the dates! decisions, business-related per service for beadstringers, residence. 75 min. to deductions, separate main¬ send $5, redeemable with any Washington, DC. Agent : VACATIONS/RESORTS tenance allowances, real es¬ order, to: BEADZIP, 2316-D Sarah Lane, Falls Church, VA CAROLE MILLER, ARM FIELD, tate purchases and rentals, AUSTIN, TX: Lakeway MILLER & ASSOCIATES, Mid- home leave deductions, 22043. And whenever you are dleburg, VA. (703) 364- homes and homesites outside audits, etc. Contact Susan in the Washington area, be of Austin on 65-mile-long sure to visit BEADAZZLED, the 2969, Fax: (703) 687-5195. Sanders or Paul Clifford, CLIF¬ world's most wonderful bead BACK FOR TRAINING? Lake Travis. Three 18-hole FORD, FARHA & SANDERS, 1606 LEAVE? D.C. TOUR? We golf courses, World of Tennis New Hampshire Ave., NW, store, open seven days a are the Washington Metro Center, 400-slip marina, 4000 Washington, D.C. 20009. week at 1522 Connecticut Area short-term rental ft. airstrip. Contact ROY & AS¬ (202) 667-5111, FAX (202) Ave. in Washington, DC and specialists. Excellent loca¬ SOCIATES, 2300 Lohmans 265-1474. 421 N. Charles St. in Bal¬ tions. Wide price range. In Crossing, Suite 122, Austin, FREE TAX CONSULT timore, MD. Virginia walk to FSI. In D.C. TX, 78734 (512) 263-2181. ATION: for overseas person¬ HOME SHOPPING SER and Maryland walk to nel. We process returns as VICE: Tell us what you need TAX RETURNS Metro. Large selection of received, without delay. and we will buy it and ship it Preparation and repre¬ tO yOU. GLOBETROTTER SERVICES, furnished and equipped AFSA TAX COUNSEL: sentation by enrolled agents, Rt. 2. Box 106, Bunker Hill, efficiencies, one-bedrooms, Problems of tax and finance: two-bedrooms and some avg. fee $195 includes return WV 25413. (304) 229-9525. Never a charge to AFSA mem¬ furnished houses. Many and TAX Trax, unique mini- AMWAY PRODUCTS: bers for telephone guidance. welcome pets. For financial planning review Fred Elmendorf, Rt. 2, Box R.N. Bob Dussell (ex-A.I.D.) 106, Bunker Hill, WV 25413 brochures & info: EXECUTIVE with recommendations. Full at tax work both within and GLOBETROTTER SERVICES, (304) HOUSING CONSULTANTS, INC., planning available. Milton E. without I.R.S. since 1937. Carb, EA, and Barry B. De 229-9525. Short Term Rental, 7315 Now solely in practice to as¬ Wisconsin Ave., Suite 1020 Marr, EA, CFP, FINANCIAL sist Foreign Service MEDICAL SERVICES FORECASTS, metro location 933 East, Bethesda, MD 20814. employees and their families. N. Kenmore St. #217 Ar¬ (301) 951-4111. Reserve Also lectures on TAX LAW at DR. BARRY LAURENT, early! Avoid disappoint¬ lington, VA 22201 (703) 841- FSI every month since 1970 at D.D.S : Tyson’s Comer. 8292 ment! 1040, FAX (703) 522-3815. Rosslyn, VA. BOB DUSSELL Old Courthouse Rd, Vienna, WASHINGTON D.C., ROLAND S. HEARD, (703) 841-0158, FAX (703) VA 22182, convenient to Rt 7, ARLINGTON Personalized CPA: has worked overseas, is 522-5726. Office is 100 feet 123, & Gallows Rd. General relocation, short, or long familiar with Foreign Service from Virginia Sq. Metro sta¬ & Cosmetic Dentistry-Bond¬ term. We specialize in walk- and contract employee situa¬ tion at 3601 Fairfax Drive, Ar¬ ing, Bleaching, Laminates, tions, has practiced before the to-Metro sales and furnished lington, Virginia 22201. Crowns, Bridges, Root Canal IRS, computerized tax ser¬ rentals. Arlington Villas, 1- ATTORNEY, FORMER Therapy, Periodontics. Par¬ vices, financial planning, 1/2 blocks from Metro, FOREIGN SERVICE OF ticipating with B/C, Delta member AICPA, Tax Division luxurious studio, one, two, FICER: Extensive experience Dental. (703)893-1603. three bedroom. Fully fur¬ and Personal Financial Mgmt. with tax problems peculiar to nished. Washer/ dryer, Division. 30 minute FREE con¬ the Foreign Service. Available sultation Phone/FAX: (703) microwave, cable, linens. for consultation, tax planning, BOOKS PRACTICING LAW IN and updated, or a new one VICES, Rt. 2, Box 106, Bunker D.C./MD general practice, prepared. No charge for initial Hill, WV 25413. (304) 229- BOOKS, BOOKS, estate planning, real estate, consultation, M.BRUCE HIR- 9525. BOOKS: We have domestic. Gregory V. Powell, SHORN, BORING, PARROTT & PEL- LOOKING FOR YOUNG thousands in stock, do spe¬ FUREY, DOOLAN & ABELL, 8401 GER, Suite D, 307 Maple Ave., ADULT/STUDENT for "au cial-orders daily, search for Connecticut Ave., PH-1, W„ Vienna, VA 22180. Tel. pair" type arrangement. out-of-print books. Visa or Chevy Chase, MD 20815. (703) 281-2161, FAX (703) Responsibilities include light Mastercard, THE VERMONT (301) 652-6880. 281-9464. cleaning and animal care for BOOK SHOP, 38 Main Street, SPECIALIZING IN SERV¬ 2 horses, dogs and cats. Es¬ Middlebury, VT 05753 ING FOREIGN SERVICE OF MISCELLANEOUS timated 3 hours work Mon- YOUR PERSONAL FICERS & THEIR FAMILIES: Fri. In exchange for free FREE COPY OF THE BOOKSTORE AWAY Our firm can assist you in accommodation in nice guest SMALL TOWN OBSERVER FROM HOME: Order any drafting wills and powers of apartment (sep. entr.). Please newsletter will be mailed to U.S. book in print. Store attorney, administering es¬ write Shelly, Rt. 2 Box 310D, you in return for sending us credit available, SALMAGUNDI tates, establishing conser¬ Catlett, VA 22019- your suggestions and techni¬ BOOKS Ltd. 66 Main St, Cold vatorship and guardianships ANTIQUE MAPS, XVII ques on researching retire¬ Spring, NY 10516. and providing advice on real XIX: Select for decorative estate matters. Prompt ment destinations in the USA value, splendidly framed, uni¬ ATTORNEYS/WILLS response to your inquiries. from overseas, SMALLTOWN OB¬ que testimonial gifts, personal SERVER, CLIFFORD, FARHA & SANDERS Box 324, Bend, reminders, conversation WILL KIT! Make your 1606 New Hampshire Ave., Oregon 97709- pieces. Tell us your interests own will, valid all states. NW, Washington, D.C. 20009 PET BOARDING KEN or send for brochure: Haw¬ $12.50 postpaid. Order FAX: (202) 265-1474 Tel: NEL: We treat your pets like kins Maps, PO Box 931, Far¬ from: EARS #111, 5429 (202) 667-5111. our own. The least expensive mington, CT 06032-0931, Mapledale Plaza, Dale City, WILLS/ESTATE PLAN¬ boarding kennel in the D.C. (203) 675-5615. VA 22193-4526. NING: by attorney who is a area. We also pick up and FORMER FOREIGN former Foreign Service of¬ deliver to airports, homes, SERVICE OFFICER NOW ficer. Have your will reviewed etc GLOBETROTTER’S SER¬ R E A L E IS 3 T A T E Property Management, Leasing, and Sales Stuart and Maury, Inc. Realtors Hands on management since 1956! We're not huge, we're selective, we care! Personalized guidance! 1031 Tax deferred exchange specialists! Monthly computerized statements! Susan Bader Ted Arthur Senior Property Manager Associate Broker Stuart & Maury, Inc. Realtors is pleased to announce that TED ARTHUR, USIA Foreign Service Officer, Retired, has joined our property management department! Ted, an experienced residential property manager for almost 20 years, will be co-manager with SUSAN BADER, who has anchored our department for over a decade! Why not put the experience, reliability, honesty, and integrity of these two fine professionals to work for you! With al¬ most 30 combined years managing the homes of Foreign Service Officers, they understand your special needs and re¬ quirements. Serving Upper Northwest DC and close-in Montgomery County Call Susan or Ted for more information! Office: 301-654-3200 Fax: 301-656-6182 4833 Bethesda Avenue, Suite 200 Bethesda, Maryland 20814 Excellent Foreign Service Officer references upon request. JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 57 R E A L E S T A T E ON BALANCE WE ARE THE RIGHT PROPERTY MANAGEMENT It's not the only temporary TEAM TO WATCH executive housing in Washington OVER that is service-driven. YOUR After all, since 1986, returning embassy personnel, military and other government employees and their families have been made immediatly welcome by our staff who genuinely care about making you feel at home. Our experienced staff work quickly to find the right accommodations and our hassle-free service is only a phone call away. Our beautifully furnished and decorated one, two and three bed¬ room apartments, townhouses or larger single family homes include: Fully equipped kitchens • Bed & bath linens • Color TV and clock radio • Local telephone services • All utilities • Maid services • Fitness centers • Pools • Security systems • Garage parking • Fireplaces and more! Let us help you find affordable ^ quality housing with the services you Corporate require, in a location you want. Executive Vienna, VA 22180 I TEMPO RARV ( ) (703)938-0909 • FAX (703) 281-9782 'HOUSING 1 800 933-8367 I N C I Serving P.O. Box 176. Washington, VA 22747 Residential Real Estate \| Northern Virginia Fax: (703) 987-8122 Sales—Management Sales, Rentals, Investments KOONS OF TYSONS Property Management Automotive Buying Program D.C., Maryland, and Virginia OFFERING: Among Our 36 Agents The Following Diplomatic discounts & tax free pricing on Are Foreign Service Affiliated domestic and imported vehicles. The largest inventory of new and pre-owned vehicles in the Washington Metropolitan John Baker area. John Clunan Christina Griffin All vehicles for immediate delivery. Josephine W. Holliday Direct factory orders on most vehicles, Mariella Lehfeldt we will build to your specifications. Lynn Moffly Magruder V.I.P. diplomatic service to insure your John Y. Millar Janice J. Lyon Millar complete satisfaction. Lynn Oglesby Robert Skiff John Turner For Information or appointments contact: MGMB Inc. Realtors Director of Diplomatic Sales, Oswaldo Morales Foxhall Square 202-362-4480 (703) 448-7157, Fax (703)442-5766 3301 New Mexico Ave., N.W. Fax: 202-363-8954 n 2000 Chain Bridge Rd. Vienna, VA 22182 o Washington, D.C. 20016 Write for free relocation kit! 58 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 EehjOn Experience... Linda Wilson Hurley, GRI Office (202)966-1000 Residence (202)363-933 l Fax * (202)363-9807 Property Specialists, Inc. inda, a former Foreign Service spouse for 16 years, has first-hand knowledge about Foreign A professional and personal service tailored to meet your needs in: Service relocations. She is a member of the President's • Property Management Circle, WDCAR Top Producers and Multi-Million • Sales and Rentals Dollar Sales Club and the MCAR Million Dollar • Multiple Listings Sales Club; she is listed in “100 of the Best Real • Real Estate Investment Counseling Estate Agents in Washington, D.C. and Maryland. ” Our staff includes: Linda is an Associate Broker, a Graduate of the Gerry Addison Robert Howd Bill Struck REALTOR® Institute and is also licensed in Vitginia. Donna Courtney Donna Linton Robert Thomas Please call or write Linda for information. Joann Howd Fran Palmeri All presently or formerly associated with the Foreign Service. Preferred Properties Rock Solid in Real Estate!SM 4600-D Lee Highway Arlington, Virginia 22207 (703) 525-7010 (703) 247-3350 pq 4530 Wisconsin Avenue, N.W. A Washington, DC 20016 Serving Virginia, Maryland and D.C. An frdapandanly Ot/nmS and Operand Member of The PrudeniaJ Reaf Eataa ABaa* Inc Diplomat ^ Returning ., to Washington PROVIDING THE FINEST TEMPORARY LIVING House Hunting doesn't have to be a Hassle! Work with Anne Gomez QUARTERS FOR THE DISCERNING TRAVELER m 15 YEARS EXPERIENCE OF THIRTY DAYS OR LONGER ■ KNOWLEDGE OF THE REAL ESTATE MARKET ft Convenient locations in DC, ■ KNOWLEDGE OF YOUR SPECIAL NEEDS Northern Virginia, and Maryland ■ MULTIPLE LISTING including Annapolis. ■ BUYER BROKER OPTION ft' Portfolio of studio, one, two and Write or FAX Anne Gomez for a Free Welcome Kit. three bedroom Homes, Condos, Apartments, and Town Houses. Diplomat Properties also Specializes in Personalized Property Management. ft Completely furnished and Owned and Operated by a Former accessorized. | I Foreign Service Family ft Ideal for State Department and Foreign Service personnel relocating DIPLOMAT PROPERTIES, INC. or on a temporary assignment. * 3900 N. Fairfax Drive, #204 Arlington, VA 22203 800/776.5057 703/506.3993 phone (Near Virginia Square Metro) Anne Gomez, Broker 703/506.3997 A.v (703) 522-5900 FAX (703) 525-4713 JULY 1993 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • 59 DeaVe your most important Foreign Service Reform investment from the Foreign Service Journal, July 1943 More red-tape language: We will explore the problem—We don’t Liaison officers—People who talk and with the know what the situation is and if we listen well but who can’t make a did know we wouldn’t know what definite statement. to do about it. A study is being made—Haven’t done a Further information and substantiat¬ thing about it yet. ing documents ate requested—We've lost stuff so send it in again. Matter is under consideration—If I can find the stuff I’ll look it over. Prepare an answer—You do the work and I’ll take the credit. Government expert—A newcomer we you trust. haven't had a chance to work on. ■ For remarks and recommendation— Rental and Management It’s got me stumped, you sweat for a oj Tine Troperties in while. Northwest DC, CheVy Chase, Pethesda and Potomac FOREIGN SERVICE QUIZ Indigenes 1. In the area of which U.S. state or states did the following Native American tribes originally primarily reside? a ) Arapaho, b) Cherokee, c) Chocktaw, d) Chumash, e) Comanche, 0 Menominee, g) Nootka, h) Paiute, i) Seminole, j) Tlingit 2. In what countries do (or did) the following Ibero-American iiDlli indigenous peoples live? a) Araucanian, b) Cayapo, c) Cuna, d) Guarani, e) Miskito, Executive Housing f) Taino, g) Toltec Consultants, Inc. 7315 Wisconsin Avenue 3. Identify the principal home country of the following African Suite 1020 East peoples. Bethesda, Maryland 20814 a) Fang, b) Herero, c) Kalenjin, d) Kiwi, e) Makonde, 0 Mbuti, g) Nuer, h) Oromo, i) Wolof 301/951-4111 leBauas (! ‘eidomulu ‘uepns (B ‘a.uez(f ‘emezueip ‘euaqrpp ‘eAuax (o ‘eiqjiueN (q ‘uoqeg (e z “We care for your home oafxaiAi (6 ‘B|omeds!n/03!y opany (| enGejeaiN (a ‘AenGejej (p ‘emeuey (a ‘lizejg (q ‘apqo (a z as if it w’ere our ortn. ” Basely (I ‘epuouQ 'BPEABN (q ‘uoiOmqseM (8 ‘uisuoosi/w () ‘sexajja ‘ewjojuea (p 'jddjssjssMAi (a ‘eunojeg qpoN (q ‘OPBJOIOQ (B • SU3MSNV CONTRIBUTED BY GIL KULICK 60 • FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL • JULY 1993 TOUR FREE GOVERNMENT COVERAGE COULD LEAVE TOU OVERSEAS AND UNDERO0VERED The last thing you need when you’re living far away is coverage that doesn’t go far enough. Unfortunately, many people mistake the benefits provided by the U.S. Government Claims Act for insurance coverage. And that can often lead to near-total disappointment. In fact, the Government encourages employees to buy private insurance. If you rely solely on the Claims Act, you may not adequately protect personal articles like jewelry, furs, and fine arts. You’ll have no coverage if you’re not on government business. And, you’ll have no coverage for per¬ sonal liability. Fortunately, you can remedy these oversights before you go overseas. When you cover your¬ self with the AFSA Plan-sponsored by the American Foreign Service Association-your insured possessions will be covered against virtually all risks, up to the limit of your choice. You can insure yourself against personal liability. And, you’ll be covered whether or not you’re on government business. The AFSA Plan has been specifically designed for members of the American Foreign Ser¬ vice Association on active duty abroad. Through the Plan, | AF A Desk you can get comprehensive moving insurance, theft, fire and i ? - The Hirshorn company 14 East Highland Avenue catastrophe coverage, itemized valuable articles protection Philadelphia, PA 19118 and personal liability insurance. Telephone: 215-242-8200. So don’t wait until you find yourself overseas and In Wash. D.C. Area: 202-457-0250 Please send me your free brochure that undercovered. Call or send for your free brochure today. answers questions about overseas insurance. | Name I Address f HE Af 5A INSURANCE PLAN Don’t go overseas undercovered. ^ City ^State Zip The AFSA Plan is underwritten by Federal Insurance Company, one of the Chubb Group of Insurance Companies. -J EXERCISE YOUR DIPLOMATIC PRIVILEGE. As a member of the Diplomatic Corps, you are eligible for special privileges when you order a vehicle through Chrysler's Diplomatic Purchase Program, They include preferred savings, fast personalized ordering assistance and uncompromising service with Chrysler's worry-free worldwide warranty. Perquisites appropriate to your office. Choose from the full line of 1993 Chrysler Motors products: Chrysler, Plymouth and Dodge cars and minivans, Eagle cars and Jeep and Dodge tmcks. Phone for personalized service. Your Personal Advisor will order the model and color you want with the equipment you want, and quote the official Diplomatic price including all applicable rebates. Your Personal Advisor can also arrange delivery anywhere in the U.S. or to most overseas locations. In other words, we set you free of tedious details. If you'd rather, fill out and mail or telefax the card on Page 7. You 'll quickly receive a catalogue for the vehide(s) of your choice. The Diplomatic Purchase Plan. It's the easy, money-saving way to start enjoying Chrysler's many Advantages. ^ CHRYSLER W INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMATIC SALES IN THE U.S., PHONE YOUR PERSONAL ADVISOR AT 1-800-877-7083 or (516) 496-1806. TELEFAX: (516) 677-3701.