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Csir-Crops Research Institute Annual Report

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Csir-Crops Research Institute Annual Report CSIR-CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE ANNUAL REPORT - 2012 1 Compiled by Isaac S. Baning, Linda Agyeman and Ruth Adu-Donyinah Editorial Team Isaac S. Baning and J.N.L Lamptey 2 CSIR-CROPS RESEARCH INSTITUTE Vision To become a centre of excellence for innovative and quality agricultural research for development Mission To develop and disseminate environmentally-sound technologies for high and sustainable food and industrial crops productivity to enhance food security and poverty reduction. Contacts The Director CSIR-Crops Research Institute P.O. Box 3785 Kumasi. Tel. Fumesua (Head quarters): (233) 03220-60396, 60425, 60389, 60391 Kwadaso: (233) 03220 – 60221, 60222 Fax: 03220 – 60396 E- mail: [email protected], [email protected] 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Research activities carried out in 2012 focused on the Institute’s mandate crops as well as on climate change. Technology transfer activities and a workshop on gender issues were also organized as presented below: Maize The maize programme made efforts to identify/develop materials with resistance to aflatoxin infection and others with high pro-vitamin A content for safe and improved nutrition. Six improved varieties were released during the year. Breeder and Foundation seeds of the released materials and some elite materials were also produced. Rice Crosses were made to develop high yielding rice varieties with superior aromatic and culinary characteristics. A collection of rice accessions from Africa, USA and other parts of the world were also assessed for cooking and eating qualities. Some of the accessions from Africa exhibited heterozygosity and need to be purified to improve their grain quality. Legumes Aflatoxin resistant lines, high oil content and rosette resistant lines were evaluated to select suitable materials for possible adoption. A hybridization programme to develop rosette-resistant materials progressed with the harvesting of some F2 materials. Four improved varieties were released during the year. Breeder seeds of previously released materials were produced to meet farmers’ demand. Four bean (Phaseolus lunatus) accessions obtained from East Africa were evaluated for seed yield and suitability for intercropping with maize. Other types of beans -common beans, local lima beans and canning beans – were also evaluated to identify suitable lines for cultivation in Ghana. Sweetpotato Six, out of seven, materials introduced from East Africa, were selected for further observation after a preliminary evaluation with some local and improved varieties. Crosses were also made to improve the dry matter content of some orange-fleshed varieties. Four improved varieties were released during the year. Yam Over 16,000 clean and healthy seed yams of 10 varieties including Dente, Pona, CRI Kukrupa were produced for distribution to farmers and seed producers. In a farmer participatory evaluation of some yam varieties, it came up that there is the need for gender consideration in variety development. Some stable and high yielding D. alata genotypes with high tolerance to anthracnose have been identified as 4 possible candidates to be released in the near future. The minisett technique was used to produce 10,000 seed yam of some popular landraces for distribution to farmers. Cocoyam and Taro Over 110 local and exotic accessions of taro were evaluated. All the accessions, except five of them had good cooking qualities and tasted good. Three improved varieties of cocoyam were released during the year. Plots were established to multiply planting materials of the released varieties for dissemination. Cassava Multiplication fields were established at eight locations to produce healthy planting materials of four cassava varieties released in 2010. A hundred (100) lines of exotic and local materials were planted at Fumesua to establish the extent of genetic diversity and the identity of the materials, using morphological and molecular characterization. A participatory evaluation of 40 cassava clones was carried out with farmers and extension workers in ten communities across three ecological zones. Most of the materials showed no symptoms of cassava mosaic disease. Sensitization programmes were carried out to dispel the misconceptions some farmers had about improved varieties. Resource and Crop Management Under the Sustainable Intensification of Integrated Crop-Small Ruminant Production Systems Project, sensitization activities, diagnostic surveys and formal surveys, covering 240 farm households and 40-60 value chain actors were carried out in all the four countries involved in the project. Three value chains for meat, cereals and legumes and their major actors were identified. A fourth value chain (for milk) was found only in Mali. The constraints identified in the value chains were being addressed on the Innovation Platforms to strengthen the value chains. This project is being carried out in Ghana, Benin, Mali and the Gambia, using the Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) approach. A jab planter (for seeding) and a shield for herbicide application were introduced to some farmers in the Ashanti region to improve the efficiency of their field operations. Other activities reported are: a study to assess the effect of cropping systems on surface and sub-surface flows, infiltration, soil moisture storage, evaporation and evapotranspiration, a study to evaluate the performance of a sprinkler irrigation system installed at the Institute during the year. Plant Health Results of some evaluation trials indicated that two CRI released rice varieties and a local variety were tolerant to the rice yellow mottle virus disease. Sixteen cassava varieties released by some Institutions in the country were assessed for their reaction to major diseases of cassava. Results of surveys conducted 5 in some tomato growing areas in the Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Upper East regions showed that tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV) and cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) were widespread in the regions. A collection of 219 tomato accessions from Ghana, South Korea, Taiwan and Burkina Faso were assessed for their reaction to the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCU) - a major tomato disease in Ghana. Samples of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) – a vector of TYLCV - were collected to study their behavior so that strategies can be developed to manage the spread/incidence of the virus. Studies were carried out to identify sources of nematode resistance in yams and tomatoes. Some nematode species were identified in the experimental fields. Climate Change Studies on the effect of climate change began in the Ankasa water watershed in the Ankasa forest reserve (western Region). Some data have been collected on the people in the target area - their occupation and knowledge about climate change. Technology Transfer Activities carried out under the DONATA project and achievements recorded thereof as well as Farmer Field Fora and Farmer Field School activities carried out during the year have been reported. Gender Issues A workshop was organized at the Institute to develop a gender action plan for workers at KNUST – CANR and CSIR-CRI. Highlights of the outcome of the workshop are presented. 6 List of Acronyms ADRA - Adventist Relief Agency AGRA - Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa AAWID - Association of African Women in Development AusAID - Australian Agency for International Development CIAT - International Centre for Tropical Agriculture CIDA - Canadian International Development Agency CIDA/FABS - CIDA/Food and Agriculture Budgetary Support CIMMYT - International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre CIP - International Potato Centre CIRAD - Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agonomique pour le Cooperative Initiative CRSP - Collaborative Research Support Programme CSIR - Council for Scientific and Industrial Research CSIR-ARI - CSIR-Animal Research Institute CSIR-CRI - CSIR-Crops Research Institute CSIR-FORIG - CSIR-Forestry Research Institute of Ghana CSIR-FRI - CSIR-Food Research Institute CSIRO - Council for Scientific and Industrial Research Organization CSIR-PGRRI - CSIR-Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute CSIR-SARI - CSIR-Savannah Agricultural Research Institute CSIR-SRI - CSIR-Soil Research Institute CSUC - Christian Services University College DBNRRC - Dale Bumpers National Rice Research Center DONATA - Dissemination of New Agricultural Technologies in Africa DTMA - Drought Tolerant Maize for Africa FAO - Food and Agricultural Organization FARA - Forum for Agricultural Research in Africa FBO - Farmer-based Organization GLDB - Grains and Legumes Development Board ICRISAT - International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-arid Tropics IITA - International Institute for Tropical Agriculture ILRI - International Livestock Research Institute INEA - International Network of Edible Aroids KITA - Kumasi Institute of Tropical Agriculture KNUST - Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology KNUST-CANR - KNUST -College of Agriculture and Natural Resources KTI - Kumasi Technical Institute MoFA - Ministry of Food and Agriculture NCSU - North Carolina State University (USA) NRI - Natural Resources Research Institute PABRA - Pan African Bean Research Association PPRSD - Plant Protection and Regulatory Services Department QPM - Quality Protein Maize RDA-KAFACI - Rural Development Administration-Korea /Africa Food and Agricultural Cooperative Initiative 7 RTIMP - Root and Tuber Improvement and Marketing Project - SASHA - Sweetpotato Action for Security and Health in Africa UDS - University
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