BOSTON UNIVERSITY AFRICAN PRESIDENTIAL ARCHIVES AND RESEARCH CENTER

African Leaders STATE OF AFRICA REPORT 2004 CONTENTS

Letter from the Director 2

Foreword 4

Republic of Benin 6

Republic of Botswana 14

Republic of Cape Verde 26

Republic of Ghana 34

Republic of Kenya 46

Republic of Malawi 52

Republic of Mali 66

Republic of Mozambique 74

Federal Republic of Nigeria 108

Republic of Senegal 114

Republic of South Africa 128

United Republic of Tanzania 140

Republic of Zambia 164

APARC and Its Mission

Since the 1990s, a number of sub-Saharan establishing a forum for African leaders to African countries have been making significant engage other political, business, academic, strides in furthering democratic and free-market and public-sector leaders regarding Africa’s reform. These changes reflect the vision and global relationships. dynamism of the present generation of African To learn more about the center or to leaders in those countries. receive additional copies of this report, The African Presidential Archives and please contact the Boston University African Research Center at Boston University (APARC) Presidential Archives and Research Center, is collecting documents that chronicle this phase 141 Bay State Road, Boston, Massachusetts in Africa’s development, taking a multidiscipli- 02215, 617-353-5452, [email protected]. nary approach to teaching about Africa, and

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 chronicled in this report are the struggles with that question and the enormous comparative progress that has been made in the postcolonial, post–Cold War period in Africa. The countries featured in this report have made significant strides in terms of democratic governance and the development of their economies along free-market lines. In terms of governance, the countries featured have had to confront all of the challenges one 2 would expect nascent democracies to face. Nigerian president Olusegan Obasanjo articulates those challenges as “strengthening political insti- tutions, fighting corruption, building new leader- ship, sanitising the nature of political competi- tion, and refocusing our political perspectives towards peace, tolerance, inclusion, harmony, and From the Director collective dedication to the common good.” This report catalogues the trials and travails that are The African Leaders State of Africa Report is a part of the pain of birthing new democracies. But publication of the African Presidential Archives the dominant theme is one of leaders and coun- and Research Center at Boston University. The tries clearly institutionalizing the principles and report is an effort to provide a forum for Africa’s processes of democratic governance. leaders to offer an assessment—in their own voic- The process of democratic governance is root- es—of contemporary trends and developments in ing itself all across the continent. It is reflected in their respective countries. The 2004 report is the the stability of Tanzania, which is preparing for its third in the series of reports, representing an fifth cycle of multiparty elections over the last ongoing contemporary chronicle of the progress twenty-plus years. It is reflected in Mozambican of the countries featured in this publication. president Joaquim Chissano passing the torch of The present period in the history of modern leadership in this year’s multiparty elections after Africa could be characterized as a second epoch. having led the country through civil war and con- The first was from the mid-1950s through the end stitutional changes to stability. It is reflected in of apartheid in South Africa. During this period Botswana, which just concluded its “ninth consec- the liberation of the continent was the focal point utive general election since 1965. Like all of those of political and practical concern. The major ques- before it, the ballot was carried out in a peaceful, tion for the leadership on the continent was: free, and fair manner.” Benin has recently cele- “How do Africans get their countries back?” brated its forty-fourth anniversary, which, accord- Although the liberation of the continent was ing to President Mathieu Kérékou, “occurs in a not complete until the end of apartheid in South context characterized by the protection of liber- Africa, the transition from the first epoch to the ties within our political stability and the correct second began well before apartheid ended. The and regular functioning of the state’s institutions, second period substantively began with the end national unity, and social peace.” of the Cold War. This period is marked by an Relative to the economy, the report chronicles equally poignant question for African leaders: unprecedented economic performance, which has “Now that Africans have their countries back, been accomplished on the dregs of economic how do they make them work?” What we have infrastructure left in most African countries at the end of the colonial period. Botswana the construction sector continues to grow at 11 “achieved independence as one of the world’s percent per annum. poorest states, surrounded on all sides by racist The cover design of the 2004 report is a col- and oppressive minority regimes.” From 1986 to lage of national flags and national currencies. As 2003, the poverty rate dropped from 59 percent has been the case in previous years, the cover to 30 percent, “while at the same time a veritable design is a representation of the dominant telecommunications revolution has taken place.” themes of the report. The flags and currencies The overall “teledensity” rate in Botswana has are meant to be a graphic depiction of the politi- increased from 8 percent to more than 40 cal stability and economic viability that are the percent over the last four years. Since the end hallmarks of the countries featured in this year’s of apartheid in South Africa, President Thabo State of Africa Report. 3 Mbeki notes, his country “is experiencing the longest period of consistent positive growth since the GDP [gross domestic product] was properly recorded in the 1940s.” In his final state of the state assessment, Tanzanian president Benjamin Ambassador Charles R. Stith, Director Mkapa stated, “Tanzania has entered the new African Presidential Archives and millennium with hope and optimism . . . after a Research Center long period of stagnation and slow growth”; the Boston University mining sector grew at 17 percent in 2003, the February 21, 2005 manufacturing sector grew by 8.6 percent, and

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Foreword

It gives me great pleasure, as the third Balfour African President-in-Residence at the African Presidential Archives and Research Center at Boston University (APARC), to contribute to the African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004. I wish to commend the African Presidential Archives and Research Center and in particular its dedicated director, Ambassador Charles R. Stith, 4 for this excellent initiative. I have no doubt that this year’s report, just like the two earlier editions, will shed more light on current issues pertaining to Africa and create a better understanding of this continent. Such a mission is of utmost relevance at the present time, since, as I have personally I would be failing in my duty were I not to noticed on many occasions, surprisingly little is pay a deserving tribute to the Lloyd G. Balfour known of Africa in the United States. Foundation for its generous grant to APARC, But more important, the African Leaders State which enables this organization to carry out its of Africa Report, which highlights the efforts highly important mission. made by many African countries to shift to Finally, I am pleased to convey my best wishes democracy and a free-market economy, will to APARC in its future endeavors, which will certainly serve as an effective tool to clear up most certainly have a considerable and positive numerous misconceptions and to dispel existing impact on the future of our continent—Africa. doubts about Africa’s genuine commitment to good governance—responsibility, accountability, and transparency—and to moving down the path Karl Auguste Offmann of sustainable development through pragmatic Former President of Mauritius and carefully prepared economic policies. Balfour African President-in-Residence It is only when a true image of Africa is African Presidential Archives and projected to the outside world that this long- Research Center neglected continent can take its rightful place February 21, 2005 and play a meaningful and fruitful role in today’s globalized environment. That is why organizations like the African Presidential Archives and Research Center and a host of others that are striving in the same direction must pursue with added determination and vigor their mission of promoting friendship and a wider measure of cooperation between the peoples of Africa and the rest of the world. In this task, the support of the Balfour African President-in-Residence program and former African leaders with their wealth of wisdom and experience will, I hope, not be lacking. BENIN Divider Page BENIN 6 Tomorrow our country, Benin, will celebrate without ceremony but with legitimate pride the forty-fourth anniversary of its accession to inde- pendence and international sovereignty. Despite the turmoil and hardships currently observed throughout the world, our country is still a haven for peace, where hardworking people in our cities and our rural communities strive with courage and tenacity to increase production, transform their lives, and create the material foundations for prosperity and modernity. Impervious to the despair or resignation of Address to the Nation by the scope of this task and the sacrifices necessary to overcome poverty and underdevelopment, the His Excellency Mathieu Kérékou, people of Benin march on, confident in this country’s inexhaustible creativity and firmly President of the Republic of Benin, resolved to shape its destiny. By the grace of God, our country happily thrives in tranquility— on the Occasion of the Celebration far from the horrors of war, ruin, and disaster caused by intolerance, extremism, and the mur- of Independence Day derous folly of mankind. So we should, individually and collectively, August 1, 2004 feel grateful to our creator for his will, and we should always remember that it is our task to Cotonou sustain the momentum of what we started in February 1990, in order to help our country tri- umph in democratic revival, constitutional legality, good governance, and consensus in managing the nation’s affairs. On this solemn occasion and on behalf of the people of Benin, I would like to fulfill my duty by remembering and once again paying special trib- ute to our proud and valiant elders. They have fought incredible battles to preserve the dignity of our sacred land and ancestors in order to bring us in concert with the free nations of the world. My dearest wish is that they continue to be an endless source of inspiration for this and future tell-tale signs and obstacles that may jeopardize generations as we pursue the patriotic task of our march toward progress. building a new, democratic, modern, and pros- Although the future looks promising and perous Benin. our recent gains should provide a boost in our As you know, the forty-fourth anniversary of confidence and optimism, we acknowledge that our country’s independence occurs in a context an insidious atmosphere of unease is spreading, characterized by the protection of liberties within consciously or unconsciously, in the country. As

our political stability and the correct and regular president-elect I hold the trust of the sovereign Benin functioning of the state’s institutions, national people; it is my duty to invite every citizen to unity, and social peace. The various organizations critically and responsibly reflect on this situation of this democratic regime, resulting from the truthfully and honestly. 7 decentralization policy, are now established and How would you explain that despite the inter- taking root in order to fulfill their noble and national community’s acknowledgment of our exciting mission in the management of our long strides and encouraging results on the polit- territorial collectives. ical and developmental levels, some of our people The strategic objectives contained in the gov- claim that things look bad in our country? ernment action plan (PAG 2) are being succes- Likewise, what are the political ethics and patri- sively and methodically achieved. Our country’s otic basis for those among us who tirelessly gibe performance, illustrated by the tangible achieve- our country and disparage our efforts? ments in various sectors of the nation’s life, Who is at fault when the management of our reflects the pertinence of the political and eco- development projects and our companies is char- nomic reforms initiated at that historic national acterized by incompetence, lack of transparency, conference. and ethnic partisanship from higher administra- It is again the chosen time and place for me to tors who have benefited from the work and sacri- praise our people for their hard work, unshakable fices of our population? courage, and sacrificing spirit and to commend By virtue of what prerogative or political ordi- all our workers, who deserve credit for every nances do some of our people take the liberty to great, beautiful, and lasting accomplishment in admonish or violently condemn our institutions our struggle for national development. I encour- and leaders? age all of you, my dear countrymen, to remain Is it politically acceptable and morally decent alert and to relentlessly continue the work of get- for anyone to underestimate or take for granted ting our nation back on the right track, whatever the values of peace, security, and hospitality that the price, so that future generations will be proud prevail in our country by inexplicably calling of the work accomplished today. For everyone attention to countries where clans, ethnic and knows that only work liberates the individual and political groups, and armed militia loot, rape, and constitutes the guarantee of prosperity and hap- kill one another, exterminate minorities with piness for all citizens and their families, as well as impunity, and bring ruin and desolation? the entire nation. Indeed, it is through well-done Where are we when the corruptor condemns work that we can accelerate economic growth, the corrupt, the thief loudly denounces other reduce poverty, improve the standard of living, thieves, and the immature politician who is in and place our nation on the path to sustainable charge of nothing gives himself the right to development and modernity. administer lessons of good governance to the Such an undertaking cannot and should not elected officials of our nation? be attained through illusions. We must remain Why do some of our supposedly intelligent vigilant to avoid the worst in order to achieve countrymen refuse to accept the procedural these great and noble objectives. We must regu- requirements prescribed by the law in terms of larly scrutinize the environment to identify the sanctions and hypocritically and in an immoral

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 way continue to stigmatize “the impunity at the changes the world over, I call on the patriotic top level of the state”? sense and civic engagement of all the people of What does the term “accountability” mean Benin. when hooligans who commit crimes are allowed From now on, we must morally rearm our- to simply disappear with the complicity of many selves in order to cleanse our behavior and of our high-level administrative staff and civil preserve a peaceful and democratic climate, one service? sustained by responsible and constructive debates, Rather than working to increase the level of driven by honesty and strong conviction, and consciousness among their party members, why conducted with serenity and tolerance. do political leaders instead arouse feelings of con- The consolidation of our democratic process 8 fusion, fear, and anguish by exploiting a political and the improvement of our economic perform- fixation and an electoral psychosis about the ance remain our permanent tasks. This is why upcoming elections of 2006? Because, truthfully, our government, in order to provide a strong this is what it is all about! base and a compass for the implementation of As I speak, I know that these questions, our nation’s development program, created the addressed on a daily basis around the country, are Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) papers to con- making their way into our minds. They are the solidate and reinforce participative democracy. primary topics of the press and of many conver- This means that our government intends to sations at work and in public places, as well as in pursue the methodological implementation of its private circles and satanic sanctuaries. action program in order to establish the founda- Meetings, seminars, forums, and workshops tion for sustainable development in all the sectors are being held everywhere. Declarations are of our national life. being made, relayed, and amplified through the The development of socioeconomic infra- press in order to maintain a high level of confu- structures will continue, and we will undertake sion and disorder. Alas, all of these ideas are not vigorous actions to reorganize public finances, bringing forth any light, and the confusion is all increase productivity, and reinforce and spread the more significant as some groups, in an effort the struggle against corruption. to destabilize the situation further through spec- The government will ensure an effective and ulation, are unscrupulously misrepresenting me. gradual transfer of the skills and resources neces- Faced with such childish and fruitless agita- sary for the life of the communities so they may tions, my answer is clear and unequivocal. In work toward the entrenchment of democracy at fact, I know that our political and institutional the grassroots level. calendar is well known to all, and it is time to In our daily struggle against underdevelop- question the motivations and rationale for the ment, the involvement of all Benin men and frenzy that has been noted for some time among women is necessary and indispensable. some political activists in Benin. Let us all renew our civil commitment and In the context of a sensitive moment in the devote our thoughts and actions to building a history of our nation, is the impatience expressed strong nation where peace, happiness, prosperity, by some people about the upcoming elections and shared solidarity will prevail. designed to enlighten the public and preserve the Happy celebration to one and all! serenity we need? In my view, no! Long live the democratic revival! Long live I am confident that no difficulty, problem, or Benin! challenge is insurmountable to our people, who I thank you. in the critical periods of our nation’s history have shown proof of political maturity and a capacity to transcend the uncertainties of the time in order to secure the future. That is why, in the present context of profound and uncertain amorcé en février 1990, pour faire triompher chez nous le renouveau démocratique, la légalité BÉNIN constitutionnelle, la bonne gouvernance, l’esprit Message à la Nation du Président de de consensus dans la conduite des affaires de l’état. En cette circonstance solennelle, je voudrais la République Mathieu Kérékou, Chef m’acquitter d’un devoir de mémoire, en rendant encore une fois, au nom de tout le peuple de l’Etat, Chef du Gouvernement, Béninois, un solennel et vibrant hommage à nos Benin dignes et valeureux aînés qui ont su livrer des à l’Occasion de la Célébration de la combats éclatants, pour faire prévaloir la dignité de la terre sacrée et de nos ancêtres, et œuvrer à 9 Fête Nationale du 1er Août 2004, son avènement dans le concert des Nations libres du monde. Cotonou Notre vœu le plus cher est qu’ils continuent d’être, pour les générations présentes, montantes Notre pays, le Bénin, célébrera demain, et futures, la source intarissable d’inspiration dimanche 1er août 2004, dans la simplicité, mais féconde pour la poursuite de notre œuvre avec légitime fierté, le 44ème anniversaire de son patriotique d’édification d’un Bénin nouveau, accession à l’indépendance et à la souveraineté démocratique, moderne et prospère. internationale. Comme vous le savez, le 44ème anniversaire Malgré la tourmente des temps difficiles de l’indépendance de notre pays intervient actuels qui h’épargnent aucune région du monde, dans un contexte caractérisé par l’épanouissement notre pays continue de jouir du privilège d’être des libertés dans la stabilité politique, le un havre de paix, où les laborieuses populations fonctionnement correct et régulier des de nos villes et campagnes s’adonnent avec institutions de la république, l’unité nationale courage et ténacité à leurs activités quotidiennes, et la paix sociale. pour accroître la production, transformer leur Les organes du pouvoir démocratique local cadre de vie, et créer les bases matérielles de la nés de la décentralisation se sont mis en place prospérité et de la modernité. et prennent progressivement leurs marques, Inaccessible au désespoir et à la résignation pour assumer pleinement la noble et exaltante que pourrait susciter l’ampleur des tâches à mission qui leur incombe dans la gestion de accomplir et des sacrifices à consentir pour sortir nos collectivités territoriales. de la pauvreté et du sous-développement, le Les objectifs stratégiques contenns dans le peuple béninois poursuit sa marche en avant, Programme d’Action du Gouvernement (PAG 2) confiant en son inépuisable génie créateur, se réalisent les uns après les autres avec méthode fermement résolu à prendre en main et à assumer et esprit de suite. la plénitude de son destin. Les performances de notre pays, illustrées par Par la grâce de Dieu, loin des affres de la des réalisations tangibles dans les divers secteurs guerre, de la ruine et de la désolation de la vie nationale, attestent la pertinence des qu’engendrent l’intolérance, l’extrémisme et la reformés politiques et économiques engagées folie meurtrière des hommes, notre patrie vit depuis l’historique Conférence des Forces Vives heureusement dans la quiétude. de la Nation. Aussi, devons-nous, individuellement et C’est encore le lieu et le moment privilégié collectivement être reconnaissants à notre pour moi de saluer l’ardeur au travail, le courage Créateur d’avoir voulu qu’il en soit ainsi, sans inaltérable et le haut esprit de sacrifice de nos jamais oublier pour autant que c’est à nous- laborieuse populations, de nos travailleurs des mêmes qu’il revient de veiller à maintenir le cap diverses branches d’activités à qui revient le

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 mérite principal dans tout ce qui se fait de bien, mal aujourd’hui dans notre pays? de beau et de durable dans notre lutte pour le De même, au nom de quelle morale politique développement national. et de quel patriotisme certains Béninois A vous tous, mes chers Compatriotes je vous s’acharnent à vilipender notre pays, à le traîner exhorte à ne jamais baisser la garde et à continuer dans la boue, à le vouer aux gémonies? l’œuvre de redressement national, quoi qu’il en En réalité à qui la faute, si la conduite de coûte, afin que la postérité ait des raisons d’être projets de développement et la gestion des fière du travail accompli aujourd’hui. entreprises dans notre pays accusent tant Car nul n’ignore que seul le travail est d’incompétence, de laxisme et de déviances libérateur, gage de la prospérité et du bonheur ethniques de la part de cadres nationaux ayant 10 pour le citoyen et la famille, pour le pays et pour bénéficié des fruits du labeur et des sacrifices de la nation toute entière. nos populations pour leur formation? C’est en effet par le travail, le travail bien fait En vertu de quelles prérogatives et de quels que nous pourrons accélérer la croissance statuts politiques certains Béninois se permettent économique, réduire la pauvreté, améliorer le de proférer des admonestations et des sentences niveau de vie, et placer notre nation sur l’orbite aussi impertinentes que péremptoires à l’adresse de développement durable et de la modernité. de toutes les institutions, de tous les responsables C’est dire qu’une telle entreprise ne peut et ne et de tous les dirigeants. saurait être gagnée par des illusions et nous Est-il politiquement acceptable et moralement devons a cet égard rester vigilants pour conjurer décent que des Béninois sous-estiment ou le pire. C’est pourquoi, pour avancer avec succès banalisent inconsidérément la valeur inestimable vers la réalisation de ces grands et nobles de la paix, de la sécurité et de l’hospitalité qui objectifs, il faut scruter chaque jour attentivement règnent chez nous, en prenant étrangement pour notre environnement pour identifier les facteurs références des pays ou des clans et des ethnies, de blocage ou d’arriération et les obstacles des groupes politiques et des bandes armées susceptibles de compromettre dangereusement s’entretuent, pillent, violent, assassinent et notre marche vers le progrès. exterminent impunément les minorités, semant Alors que l’horizon du futur parait prometteur la ruine et la désolation? et que le précieux acquis de ces dernières Dans quel pays sommes-nous, où le années devrait justifier le regain de confiance et corrupteur condamne le corrompu, où le voleur d’optimisme de tout le peuple béninois, force est crie a tue tête au voleur, Et où des apprentis de reconnaître que, depuis quelques temps, un politiciens, qui ne sont responsables de rien, climat de malaise diffus, insidieux et persistant s’arrogent le droit d’administrer des leçons de semble s’être instauré consciemment ou bonne gouvernance aux élus de la nation? inconsciemment dans le pays, dans les esprits Pourquoi certains de nos concitoyens, et dans les comportements. intellectuels dits «de haut niveau», se Investi des suffrages du Peuple souverain refusent–ils à admettre les exigences pour présider aux hautes destinées de notre incontournables de procédures que prescrit la patrie, c’est mon devoir de convier à un examen loi, en matière de sanction, et se complaisent lucide et responsable de cette situation, sans de façon hypocrite et malsaine à stigmatiser euphémisme, sans fard et sans faux-fuyant. l’impunité au sommet de l’Etat’? En effet, comment comprendre qu’en A quel niveau réel les responsabilités se dépit de la reconnaissance par la communauté situent–elles lorsque des bandits de grands internationale des avancées significatives et des chemins, après avoir commis des crimes, se résultats probants enregistrés au plan politique et volatilisent dans la nature avec la complicité sur le front du développement, certains Béninois coupable de bon nombre de cadres de nos s’éverfuent et s’appliquent à clamer que tout va administrations et services publics? Pourquoi les responsables et les leaders contingences secondaires et incertaines du politiques, au lieu de travailler à élever le niveau moment, pour sauver l’essentiel et préserver de conscience des membres de leurs partis l’avenir. entretiennent–ils en eux le désarroi, la peur et C’est pourquoi dans le contexte actuel où le l’angoisse, en développant une fixation monde entier vit des mutations profondes faites politicienne et une psychose électorale sur d’incertitudes de toutes sortes, j’en appelle au l’échéance fatidique de 2006? sens patriotique, à l’esprit civique et à

Car, à la vérité, c’est bien de cela qu’il s’agit! l’engagement républicain de toutes les Béninoises Benin Au moment où je m’adresse à vous, je sais que et de tous les Béninois. cette question récurrente, quotidiennement Nous devons dés à présent procéder à un agitée dans le pays, se répand insidieusement profond réarmement moral pour assainir nos 11 dans les esprits. Elle défraie la chronique, et mœurs, préserver un climat de démocratie semble constituer l’objet principal des apaisée qui se nourrit de débats responsables et conversations, tant dans les services, les lieux constructifs empreints de franchise et de publics que dans des cercles privés et les conviction forte, mais qui ne cèdent en rien à la sanctuaires sataniques. responsabilité, à la sérenité et à la tolérance. Les réunions, rencontres, séminaires, forum, La consolidation de notre processus ateliers vont bon train; les déclarations fusent de démocratique et l’amélioration de nos partout, nourrissant des polémiques inopportunes performances économiques restent et demeurent et des insinuations malveillantes, largement nos tâches permanentes. relayées et amplifiées par la presse. Hélas! La C’est pourquoi, notre gouvernement, lumière tarde à jaillir des idées qui s’entre- pour donner un socle et une boussole choquent; la confusion est d’autant plus grande indispensables à la mise en œuvre du programme que, dans leur spéculations pseudo démonstra- de développement de notre pays, a conçu le tives, certains groupes se complaisent, sans aucun Document de Stratégies de Réduction de la scrupule, à me prêter leur propre intentions. Pauvreté (DSRP) afin de consolider les acquis Face à toutes ces agitations puériles et stériles, et renforcer la démocratie participative. ma réponse est claire et sans ambiguïté. C’est dire que notre gouvernement entend En effet, je crois savoir que le calendrier de poursuivre l’exécution méthodique de son notre système politique et institutionnel est bien programme d’action, pour asseoir les bases d’un connu de tous et il y a lieu de s’interroger sur les développement durable dans tous les secteurs de motivations et les raisons de la frénésie et les la vie nationale. gesticulations qui animent certains acteurs La réalisation des infrastructures socio- béninois de la classe politique béninoise depuis communautaires sera poursuivie, et des actions quelque temps. énergiques seront menées en vue d’asainir les L’impatience inexplicable que manifestent finances publiques, d’accroître la productivité, de certains, par rapport à une certaine échéance généraliser et de renforcer la lutte contre la électorale est-elle de nature à éclairer sainement corruption. l’opinion publique, et à préserver la sérenité qui L’Etat veillera au transfert effectif et s’impose, à l’amorce d’un virage présumé délicat? progressif des compétences et des ressources A mon avis non! nécessaires à la vie des communes, pour leur Mon intime conviction est que, aucune permettre d’oeuvrer efficacement à difficulté, aucun problème, aucun défi n’est l’enracinement de la démocratie à la base. insurmontable pour le peuple béninois qui, dans Dans notre combat quotidien contre le sous- les périodes les plus critiques de son histoire, a développement, la participation de toutes les déjà su administrer la preuve de sa maturité Béninoises et de tous les Béninois est nécessaire politique et de sa capacité à transcender les et indispensable.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Tous ensembles, renouvelons notre engagement citoyen d’oeuvrer par nos pensées et nos actions pour faire du Bénin, une terre de paix, de bonheur, de prospérité et de solidarité partagée! Bonne fête à chacun et à tous! Vive le Renouveau Démocratique! Vive le Bénin! Je vous remercie.

12 BOTSWANA Divider Page BOTSWANA 14 THE PEOPLE’S MANDATE

The presence of all of us here today is a testa- ment to the deep commitment of our people to maintain a democratic and accountable nation. This opening session is the product of our ninth consecutive general election since 1965. Like all of those before it, the ballot was carried out in a peaceful, free, and fair manner. In this respect, we are indebted to the Independent Election Commission (IEC) and all others who ensured the poll’s success, most especially the State of the Nation Address, hundreds of thousands of voters who in many cases waited patiently for hours in queues to Renewed Responsibility, by His make their vote count. As a nation we can, of course, take pride in Excellency Festus G. Mogae, our status as one of the world’s longest estab- lished multiparty democracies, as well as the old- President of the Republic of est on this continent. As I have said before, we are an indigenous, rather than emerging, democ- Botswana, for the First Session racy. But our pride in upholding an uninterrupted record of good governance should not lure us of the Ninth Parliament into complacency. In any nation, democracy will always be a work in progress, a means by which 8 November 2004 citizens seek to realise a more perfect community in an imperfect world. Our own democratic val- Gaborone ues must, therefore, be continuously tested, nur- tured, and renewed. The ultimate value of any democracy, more- over, will be judged by its constituents, the men and women who have given us their mandate to be present here today as their representatives. It is the electorate alone [that], by the casting of its ballots, gives our governmental institutions their life and legitimacy. It is, therefore, to our voters that we must be responsive and accountable. In this broad sense, it is they who lead and we who should follow. Let us together here also humbly recognise This ought to be seen by all of us as a great chal- that, notwithstanding the assertions of some, we lenge, for inasmuch as the quality of freedom in a are not as yet a “rich country.” By any reasonable given society can be measured by its citizens’ measure of our income and assets—human and capacity to communicate, the value of its democ- material—we are still very much a developing racy is manifested in the commitment of its politi- society located within a still marginalised, as well cians to listen and act upon the public’s concerns. as developing, continent. Botswana Here I desire to once again reiterate the point that I have made on previous occasions such as AN EVOLUTIONARY STATE this, which is that the progress our country has undeniably achieved over the past thirty-eight A recent article entitled “Lessons from 15 years would not have taken place in the absence Botswana’s Development” (by a certain Ugandan of a general consensus among Batswana about commentator, Kintu Nyago) described our first our national goals. I therefore once more take president as “a person with a remarkable sense of this occasion to say to the Honourable Members political morality and a vision for his people” [of Parliament] that even as we have opposed one who, nonetheless, “believed in evolutionary another from one hard-fought election to the rather than revolutionary methods.” These are, I next, we will nonetheless continue to travel believe, true attributes that have [guided] and together towards our common destiny. That should continue to guide us as we seek to build which divides us both inside and outside of this upon the legacy of Sir Seretse Khama, as well as chamber will thus always be less than that which Sir Ketumile Masire and the other visionary joins us, for we are the representatives of a nation founders of our republic. that stands proudly united in its diversity. Our Evolution is defined as adapting to change. differences of political perspective are a source of Given that society itself is ever changing, an evo- our governing strength. lutionary state can never be stagnant. In this respect, an evolutionary state is neither conserva- CHALLENGES tive nor radical in its tendency. An evolutionary state can rather be identified by its dynamic On occasions such as this, it is also my duty to capacity to respond to the needs and legitimate give an overview of some of the key challenges expectations of its citizens. That is the funda- we shall face together, along with the steps this mental challenge that faces this Parliament, as it government intends to undertake in order to has been for the eight [that] preceded it. meet them. In so doing, I am mindful of past struggles and present circumstances. A FOUNDATION OF PROGRESS We achieved independence as one of the world’s poorest states, surrounded on all sides In meeting the evolving challenges of the by racist and oppressive minority regimes. next five years, we also have the advantage of While much has occurred to transform both building on the progress of the last half decade. our country and region in the decades since, Notwithstanding the adverse impact of both the what remains constant is our circumstance as a HIV/AIDS pandemic and the relative deprecia- relatively small and landlocked nation in a much tion in the per-carat value of our diamond larger interconnected world. Our ability to build exports, our nation has continued to move for- a more prosperous and equitable society will thus ward. With respect to our diamond revenues, be determined by our capacity to meet external as whereas in 2002 we earned P11.17 billion for well as internal challenges. This will call for both 28.3 million carats, in 2003 we earned only change and continuity, for greater self-reliance P10.46 billion for 30.4 million carats. In other and partnership. words, although we increased our carat produc-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 tion by 7.4 percent, we suffered a drop in rev- nearly 40 percent. As of today, over a third of enue of P710 million! Taken together, these our rural population has electricity, [and] another reverses have resulted in lower overall levels of third has access to it. Our goal remains 100 economic growth, [in] the diversion of public percent coverage. funds from otherwise deserving projects, and [in] During the same period, the number of private budgetary constraints. Our economy, however, water connections increased by over one-third. still grew, resulting in a rise in GDP [gross Having brought water to our people, we look domestic product] per capita of over 50 percent, forward to the day when all our people will have from P13,400 per annum in 1999 to P20,500 water in their homes, as is already the case for by 2003. two-thirds of our urban population. Schools, 16 Over the past five years, we have also reduced health facilities, and road networks were also inflation despite a sharp rise in the cost of such built and expanded. critical imports as petroleum. In this context, Here let me pause to note that even such our country achieved increasing international progress has its potential pitfalls. As [we] are recognition as a model of sound macroeconomic undoubtedly already aware, the water levels in management and competitiveness, as well as many of our dams are now quite low. It is, there- democratic good governance. fore, necessary here for me to remind the public The latest employment figures, from the that water is a scarce resource. All should exercise 2002–2003 Household Income and Expenditure restraint in their water usage. Survey (HIES), indicate a net increase of nine Notwithstanding the ignorant and/or mali- thousand jobs over the previous year. But unem- cious comments of some external critics, we can ployment remains a critical challenge. As a result take special pride in the progress of our Remote of the weak performance of the nonmining sec- Areas Development Programme [RADP]. By tors of the economy, coupled with a higher rate 2003, for example, educational enrolment among of increase in the total labour force, unemploy- Basarwa and other remote-area dwellers already ment also rose to just above 20 percent. stood at over 16,500 at primary, 3,500 at second- Fortunately, the immediate outlook for the ary, and 300 at tertiary level. This is strong evi- economy is satisfactory. The projected growth dence that these communities, too, are now rate for the current year is 5.4 percent, which is beginning to truly enjoy the benefits of our in line with the annual average growth rate of 5.5 national development. percent per annum envisaged during [the] NDP 9 [ninth National Development Plan]. It is antici- TELECOMMUNICATIONS pated that most of this growth will come from REVOLUTION sectors other than mining and government, which is a welcome indication that our diversifi- During the life of the last Parliament, our country cation efforts may be taking root. The key con- experienced what a recent United Nations report tributors to growth in the nonmining sectors are has lauded as a telecommunications revolution expected to be manufacturing, utilities, construc- (and here the appropriate word is indeed revolu- tion, trade, and transport, which are each expected tion, not evolution!). During the period, our over- to record growth rates ranging between 6 percent all teledensity increased from less than 8 percent and 9 percent. to over 40 percent, largely, though not entirely, as the result of the rapid spread of cell phones. We IMPROVED INFRASTRUCTURE have thus created a situation in which there is now nearly one phone for every two citizens. Over the past five years, the nation’s social services The rapid expansion of modern telecommuni- and physical infrastructure have also expanded. cations has opened new opportunities for further Rural as well as urban electrification increased by growth driven by the productive application of new information and communications technolo- further evolution in our society towards its long- gies (ICTs). Some of these prospects are likely to term year-2016 ideals through meaningful leg- be explored next year, when we will host the islative action. Second World Information Technology Forum For its part, my own party has made a number 2005 (WITFOR), which will seek to achieve of commitments for the life of this Parliament. I international consensus on a concrete plan of am here to affirm that these are promises that my action to help bridge the global digital divide. government intends to honour. At the same time, Botswana we shall continue to welcome constructive input EXPANDING BUSINESS from the members of our loyal opposition, as OPPORTUNITIES well as [from] all others. Let us together recognise and appreciate that 17 During the Eighth Parliament, the Small, there are indeed significant obstacles in the path Medium, and Micro Enterprise (SMME) and of our Vision 2016 that will have to be overcome Citizen Entrepreneurial Development Agency over the next five years. In particular, we all rec- (CEDA) schemes were also introduced, which ognize that there are three major interrelated have directly assisted some 23,000 Batswana. To challenges that continue to stand in our way, further facilitate the development of local entre- namely high levels of poverty, unemployment, preneurship by March 2005, a total of eight and HIV/AIDS prevalence. SMME pilot clusters will be established in order to encourage cooperation, productivity through ALLEVIATING POVERTY internal competition, and economies of scale. An example of this is a group of twenty women in [Although] we have succeeded in significantly Thamaga who have already come together to reducing the number of those living below the form their own clothing company. Similar initia- poverty datum-line levels—from 59 percent in tives are currently being piloted in other commu- 1986, to 47 percent in 1994, to 36 percent in nities. These self-help ventures can go a long way 2001, to our latest 2003 estimate of 30 percent— in helping us [to] realise our citizen empower- the fact remains that we are still far from our ment objectives at the grass roots. As the philoso- goal of fully eliminating poverty, which along pher Demosthenes said over two thousand years with halting the spread of HIV, remains our top ago: “Small opportunities are often the beginning priority. In this respect we in government are of great enterprises.” committed to keeping our promise to expedite The last Parliament also passed new company, the implementation of the National Strategy for trade, and liquor acts to facilitate further business Poverty Reduction and newly approved Rural expansion, while the Botswana Export Develop- Development Policy. ment and Investment Authority intensified In this regard, efforts have been initiated to efforts to promote trade and facilitate foreign strengthen the institutional framework for over- direct investment. seeing, coordinating, and monitoring poverty- To further promote sustainable rural develop- related initiatives. As part of these initiatives, a ment through commercial agriculture, the Multisectoral Committee on Poverty Reduction, National Master Plan for Arable Agriculture and comprising representation from both within and Dairy Development (NAMPAADD) was success- outside government, was established. The com- fully launched. mittee is expected to submit a comprehensive progress report on the implementation of the RENEWED RESPONSIBILITY poverty strategy next month. In addition, early in 2005 a poverty reduction programme’s advisor Parliament has a renewed responsibility in these will be attached to the Ministry of Finance and difficult and challenging times to promote the Development Planning to work with other min-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 istries and stakeholders to help them sharpen the But it must be understood that as a country we antipoverty components of their programmes. cannot afford to commit public funds to those It should also be understood that the majority who are themselves less than fully committed to of projects and programmes in NDP 9 directly the management of their commercial endeavours. contributes to poverty reduction and improved It has been said that while true leaders are “peo- welfare for Batswana. The effective implementa- ple who do the right thing,” good managers are tion of NDP 9 projects and programmes is, “people who do things right.” This ought to be therefore, central to the goal of eradicating the basis for a division of economic responsibility poverty. We are further committed to expanding between politicians and private entrepreneurs. educational and employment-creation opportuni- On the eve of the just-concluded general elec- 18 ties targeting our youth, who are currently tion, I informed the nation that my government encountering the greatest difficulty in finding will not resort to telling the citizens of this coun- sufficient employment opportunities. try what they may want to hear at the expense of what they need to know. As Polonius advised his ROLE OF THE PRIVATE SECTOR son Laertes in Shakespeare’s Hamlet: “This above all: to thine own self be true. And it must follow, I wish to here underscore the point I made at our as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false university’s most recent graduation ceremony, to any man.” which is that providing jobs and overcoming It is my earnest hope that [we] will honestly poverty are burdens that cannot be carried by reflect on what has and has not worked in the government alone. In today’s market-driven past. Over the years it has often been the case world, it is expected, indeed necessary, for that government assistance—provided in the individuals to find opportunities for growth and form of subsidies and outright grants, as well as profit by successfully competing with the best in low-interest loans—has failed. Perhaps this is the world. because, as Polonius also warned Laertes, exces- In other words, the international accolades sive “borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry.” that we continue to receive in terms of good gov- Our economy can only grow and diversify on a ernance and competitiveness in the public sector sustained basis if we move away from an overre- should now be matched by world-class perform- liance on the state in favour of a greater degree ance in the private sector. But our entrepreneurs, of self-reliance by our private sector. both existing and aspirant, will not succeed if A dynamic globalising world requires equally they cling to public incentives at the expense of dynamic local approaches. Here I wish to take private innovation. this opportunity to once more suggest that it is This government has been and remains com- our educated, informed youth who, in particular, mitted to the economic empowerment of have the energy and capacity to move us forward. Batswana. But our best endeavours in this respect The private sector can and must also make a will achieve little or nothing if the beneficiaries greater commitment to local hiring and on-the- of such initiatives as CEDA, SMME, and NAM- job training. An alleged lack of skills should not PAADD do not commit themselves to appropri- become a perpetual excuse for us to fail to meet ately capitalise on government’s considerable cap- our goal of realising a productive and prosperous ital commitments. Those who have benefited nation for all our citizens. from the allocation of public resources have a public as well as [a] private responsibility to work EDUCATION AND TRAINING hard for the sustained success of their enterprises. Of course, in business there will always be an For government, the challenge remains to do all element of risk. It is in the nature of things that that can be reasonably done in order to create an even with the best of efforts, some businesses fail. enabling environment for further investment in our human, as well as material, resources. This In addition, this government remains commit- commitment dovetails with our continued deter- ted to the formulation of a comprehensive mination to promote a better-educated and more- research, science, and technology plan to further informed nation by ensuring that: develop our local capacity to adapt [to] and use new technologies in our drive for greater eco- • access from junior to senior secondary nomic diversification. school becomes universal by the time of the Botswana tenth National Development Plan; ENHANCING COMPETITIVENESS • opportunities for tertiary education are increased through the expansion of our Notwithstanding the many international acco- existing University of Botswana [and] the lades we continue to receive in such areas as fiscal 19 building of a new second university whose management and competitiveness, we shall also curriculum will focus on science and tech- continue to review our existing laws, regulations, nology, as well as a medical school; and policies, and where it is appropriate, [to] for- • the provision of high-quality technical mulate new ones in order to further foster an education and training continues to improve enabling environment for citizen as well as for- in order to produce a more competent and eign direct investment. innovative labour force that can drive socio- To help carry this process forward, govern- economic and technological development; ment has reviewed the Revised National Policy • increased training opportunities are also on Incomes, Employment, Prices, and Profits created for our out-of-school youth and with the objective of aligning Incomes Policy people already in employment but wishing with best international practice, as well as Vision to still better themselves by the strengthen- 2016. The new revised policy, which we expect to ing of open, distance, and electronic adopt next year, should go a long way in enhanc- learning; and ing private-sector development. • our curricula at all levels continues to infuse To further enhance our competitiveness, the life skills such as computer literacy, repro- National Employment, Manpower, and Incomes ductive health, and environmental awareness Council (NEMIC) has been expanded and recon- in order to produce well-rounded learners stituted under the chairmanship of the minister capable of adapting to the changing needs of Trade and Industry. The council is in the of society. process of collecting strategic and action plans from all affected stakeholders, with the goal of INVESTING IN THE FUTURE presenting a comprehensive progress report to [the] Cabinet early next year, with follow-up The creation of more job opportunities will also reporting thereafter on a quarterly basis. This continue to demand that we in government effort has been complemented by the ministry’s ensure that Botswana has the material infrastruc- drafting of a new Foreign Direct Investment ture as well as [the] human resources to compete strategy that, in the coming year, should be com- for global markets and investment. Last year, I plemented by new legislation. noted our commitment to ultimately spend an Additional steps to be urgently undertaken to estimated total of P600 million in the upgrading further enhance our enabling environment for of our national telecommunications network to private-sector development will include the: provide high-capacity international connectivity. We must move forward with this initiative, along • submission of a new Copyright and with the continued rollout of modern telecommu- Neighbouring Rights Bill; nications access, including Internet connectivity, • presentation of a new Competition Policy; to rural areas through our Nteletsa programme. • continued support for multilateral negotia-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 tions to establish free-trade agreements raising measures such as cost recovery, we must between SACU [South African Customs also endeavour to cut costs and eliminate waste Union] and major world markets, such as where it exists. the European Union, [the] USA [United States of America], and Mercosur states, as UNITY IN DIVERSITY well as parallel initiatives through our par- ticipation in trade talks involving the ACP This Parliament also faces unfinished business in [African, Caribbean, and Pacific states] and the context of our efforts to build a more toler- SADC [South African Development ant, united, and just nation. When I last came Community]; before this assembly in August, I reported to the 20 • further expansion in the number of local then outgoing parliamentarians that my govern- companies with approved quality-assurance ment intended to submit a revised draft of the standards, certified by the Botswana Bureau Constitution Amendment Bill with the purpose of Standards; and of ensuring that the primary text of our govern- • formulation of a new National Programme ment is rendered fully neutral in terms of both for Capacity Building, which will look into gender and tribal affiliation or ethnicity. such issues as trade capacity. It will, moreover, be the critical task of this Parliament to complete the process of eliminat- During the life of this Parliament, we shall ing all other laws [that] may discriminate on the also move forward with the implementation of basis of gender and/or tribe. our Privatisation Policy. A privatisation master Let me here once again express my personal plan is now being finalised for government’s con- dismay about those, be they from either within or sideration, which will outline the criteria and outside our country, who through their actions processes that will be followed in the privatising undermine the unifying, nonracial ideals that of public enterprises, contracting out of services, have long contributed to our peace and pros- and divestiture. perity. In promoting tolerance, we cannot tolerate racism. Neither can we make collective progress if MIDTERM REVIEW OF NDP 9 we allow ourselves to be divided by tribalism or xenophobia. The relative harmony of our nation As you are aware, we are almost midway through is too precious for complacency in this respect. the implementation of the ninth National Under our Constitution, every person is enti- Development Plan (NDP 9), and, as usual, this tled to fundamental rights, including individual is the time we need to step back and review dignity, whatever their (I here quote) “race, place progress towards achieving the plan’s objectives. of origin, political opinions, colour, creed, or sex The preparation process will start in earnest in [i.e., gender], but subject to respect for the rights March 2005. The intention is to submit the draft and freedoms of others.” [of the] midterm review of [the] NDP 9 docu- In this context, our laws render discrimination ment for discussion during the November 2005 on the basis of race, ethnicity, and/or religion session of Parliament. I would like to impress illegal. Alleged incidents of discrimination in any upon Honourable Members the need for consul- sector, public or private, must thus remain a tation with their constituents on this process to cause for proactive public concern. ensure that the outcome reflects the nation’s real- istic aspirations. LEGAL REFORM In the context of some of the challenges I have already outlined, [we] should also remain The new Constitution Amendment Bill will, mindful of the need to continue along the path of moreover, also incorporate major restructuring financial discipline. Besides pursuing revenue- reforms of the attorney general’s chambers, which require further constitutional amendment. antee of prosperity, we can be sure that if Among other things, it is proposed that this unchecked, the spread of HIV will condemn us assembly will be served on a full-time basis by a to stagnation and decline. dedicated senior parliamentary counsel, who will In our struggle against the virus, it is still too sit as an official with the clerk and will be avail- early as yet to say if the corner has been turned. able to advise the Speaker and the House, both What should, however, be clear is that we are when Parliament is sitting and when it is not. now acquiring the capacity, in terms of both Botswana This will release the attorney general from par- knowledge and infrastructure, to achieve victory. liamentary duties to concentrate on better service Last year at this time, I said that in this war delivery in the justice system. against the virus we have too often been our own We also propose to install a constitutionally worst enemies. Now, twelve months later, we can 21 protected director of public prosecutions, who at least be encouraged by the overwhelmingly will spearhead the phased recovery from the positive response to our routine testing initiative, Botswana Police of prosecutorial functions. This as well as the rollout of our antiretroviral (ARV) in turn should release those police officers programme. presently involved in prosecutions to engage in But it must be recognised that our relative their core function of eliminating the growing success in promoting testing and ARV rollout has challenge of crime, especially crimes of violence, created new challenges in terms of delivery. At from our communities. the moment, at least ten thousand individuals are In order to realise our common vision of a waiting to be placed on ARV therapy. This is safe and secure nation, we must also continue to largely due to human-resource constraints in empower our police service through increased terms of provision of follow-up testing and coun- staffing, greater training, and better equipment. selling services, which the Ministry of Health and the National AIDS Coordinating Agency SOCIAL SAFETY NET (NACA), along with other stakeholders, are working to address on an urgent basis. Our Vision 2016 also calls for us to remain com- On a more positive note, I am pleased to passionate and caring, as well as just. To maintain report that our extensive counselling efforts have these values we must continue to integrate into already resulted in a greater collective compe- the mainstream of our society those sections of tence [in] properly using the therapies. More the population that are marginalised by circum- generally, we now have every reason to believe stance, such as the destitute and disabled. But that during the life of this Parliament, we will inasmuch as we seek to reduce dependency on turn back the virus in order to have an AIDS-free the state, we shall nonetheless remain committed generation. At the same time, more and more of to the continued provision of social-safety-net our already infected citizens will be able to live programmes for those in need. positively for much longer periods. In this life-and-death struggle we hope that DEFEATING HIV/AIDS we shall continue to receive the generous support of our many international friends, to whom we As it continues its grim harvest of premature already owe our unswerving gratitude. But the death, the HIV/AIDS pandemic remains the real onus will always be on us as individuals to greatest single challenge we collectively face. As I know our status and act accordingly. In this have said many times before, unless we can find respect, it is also encouraging to note that over the will and capacity to overcome this enemy, our the past year there has been a greater effort on progress in all other areas will be compromised. the part of some churches and others to commu- Without victory over HIV/AIDS, we cannot nicate the need for greater abstinence, especially hope to defeat poverty through productivity. among our early-teen population. While the absence of HIV in itself is not a guar-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 PUBLIC-SERVICE DELIVERY neighbours, through such multilateral institutions as the African Union, SADC, SACU, and The last twelve months have been marked by NEPAD [New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- genuine progress in the implementation of [the] ment], can no longer simply be seen as a foreign performance management system (PMS) in the affair. We must rather appreciate the fact that in public service. Ministries and departments have today’s world, regional integration is emerging as now put into place delivery strategies [for] what a vital prerequisite for national development. they themselves have identified as the most criti- One of the highlights of the coming year will cal areas of performance management so as to therefore be our hosting of the SADC Summit. enhance customer focus and efficiency. With this As in the past, during the life of this 22 year’s signing of performance agreements by per- Parliament, it will further remain the policy of manent secretaries, their deputies, and heads of this nation to be favourably disposed to[wards] all departments, we have been able to undertake per- states that are favourably disposed towards us. In formance reviews that track actual achievement this respect, our minimal expectation shall be with reference to performance plans. This process that, in accordance with the founding principle of is meant to ensure that we, at all times, are able to the United Nations, other states will continue to make the most efficient use of the limited respect the sovereign integrity of our nation, as resources available. This in turn ensures that we shall theirs. there is accountability and delivery in leadership. These measures are already helping the public ARTISTIC AND SPORTING sector to evolve better service delivery in the ACHIEVEMENTS context of its customers’ and the public’s expecta- tions. This commitment is further reflected in I would be remiss if I did not at least acknowl- our ongoing efforts to find creative ways to pro- edge in passing that our country’s favourable mote greater customer interaction and feedback international profile is not simply a matter of through such initiatives as the Talking Heads radio positive diplomacy and the independent acco- programme, which has already proved to be a lades of external organisations and think tanks. great success. We live in a global village where our perform- I am also pleased to be able to report that the ance is watched by others in an increasing range implementation of PMS is now being rolled out of endeavours. In this respect, I am sure this at the local-authority level. We recognise that House will agree with me that we can all take this is the area where these reforms should have collective satisfaction in the increasing respect the greatest impact. Here, too, we shall be closely accorded to our athletes. Our Zebras have done monitoring and periodically reporting to this us all proud. So have our Olympians and Para- House on our progress. It has often been asserted Olympians (such as our own gold medallist that the “perfect bureaucrat” is someone who Tshotlego Morama) through their improved manages to escape all responsibility. With PMS performances. In such nontraditional areas as now coming into force, such sentiment should karate, chess, and motor sports, Batswana are not be applicable to our own public service. also showing that they can compete with the best of the best. INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION In addition to various fields of sports, a grow- ing number of our young men and women are As a small, landlocked, and peace-loving country, also distinguishing themselves in music, the arts, [Botswana] has always had [an] interest [in] work- architecture, and various forms of creative media. ing for enhanced regional cooperation as part of This challenges all of us, in both the public and our greater goal of achieving unity throughout private sector, to give our talented youth the sup- Africa. In this context, cooperation with our port they both require and deserve. CONCLUSION may improve. But to the truly confident, change is a challenge to make things better. Let us here During the life of this Parliament, our country gathered therefore reciprocate the confidence will celebrate its fortieth anniversary of inde- that our electorate has so recently expressed in pendence and thus enter its fifth decade as a sov- us by not shirking our responsibility to build a ereign republic. We shall thus also be but a better Botswana. decade short of 2016, the touchstone year of our Finally, as we face the challenges ahead, let Botswana long-term Vision. In human terms, forty years is us—whatever the nature of our personal faith in a often a time for recommitment. This is a quality higher authority—also seek the blessings and that will clearly be required over the next five guidance of the Lord in all of our endeavours. years if we are to realise the ambitious medium- With these words, let me conclude by requesting 23 term goals of our NDP 9, as well as our long- all those listening to me to also read the speech I term Vision 2016. made on the eve of election day. The theme of recommitment is, of course, Thank you, and God bless! also especially appropriate on this day, when the political leaders here represented have personally taken individual oaths of service to the nation. Let us all therefore leave this hall today knowing that we are at the beginning of a difficult task to turn the great challenges [that] face us into greater opportunities for our children. This will require renewed partnership among all Batswana, but most especially on the part of the political leadership here assembled. In accordance with our Constitution, it shall be my own task as president to continue to exer- cise executive authority over the next three and a half years. By the end of March 2008, I shall have to hand over the baton to another in whom I have the utmost confidence, having completed my own constitutionally stipulated maximum term of ten years in office. This is a good provi- sion, which should not be altered. The smooth transfer of executive authority from one president to the next is now entrenched as a hallmark of our democratic stability. As I noted earlier this year at the SADC meeting in Mauritius, I am now a mature man in a hurry! But I am also equally confident about this government’s continuing capacity to bring about change for the better while preserving that which is best. It has been said that different people react dif- ferently to the prospect of change. To the natu- rally fearful, it can seem threatening, opening up the prospect that things may get worse. To the hopeful, it is equally encouraging because things

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 CAPE VERDE Divider Page CAPE VERDE 26 The commemoration of independence is always a moment of profound celebration of the mile- stones that have shaped our history, as well as a time to renew our commitment to the future. Today, as I kindly salute Cape Verdean men and women, I would like to firmly restate my belief that we have the strength and willingness to face, with self-confidence and dedication, the chal- lenges brought about by our desire to succeed. I would also like to take this opportunity to warmly salute the Cape Verdean men and women Speech by His Excellency Pedro of the diaspora, who rejoice together on this day of celebration, and to wish them success and Verona Rodrigues Pires, President of prosperity in the countries where they reside. Independence Day is gradually being the Republic of Cape Verde, delivered ingrained in our recent, yet profound, national history as a moment for self-reflection. It is also a to a Special Session of the National day to consciously and peacefully reaffirm the values and the spirit of independence. Assembly, in Commemoration of I believe we should all acknowledge that inde- pendence has earned, and continues to earn, the Twenty-Ninth Anniversary of Cape Verde numerous advances and accomplish- ments. I can state that becoming independent is National Independence perhaps the most wonderful realization of the Cape Verdean people because it has opened for July 5, 2004 us—born in a marginalized, exploited, and sub- altern archipelago—the doors to a future full of Praia opportunities. In this regard, July 5, 1975, was more than a struggle to break up a colonialist relationship known for its indifference to the fate and well-being of the Cape Verdean people. Indeed, independence also endowed us with a tool that helped, and will continue to help, us find solutions for the problems brought about by the realization of our collective aspirations. Allow me to salute and honor all those who have throughout the years supported the ideal of a Cape Verde free of domination. During their tories. We have fought hunger and its conse- time, many of these people were considered quences and established the guidelines for visionaries and nonconformists. They placed our constructing the basis of national development. country’s ideals ahead of their personal interests. Similarly, and without much controversy, we They were concerned with the fate of future gen- were able to make the changes necessary to meet

erations. They lived by their ideals. the demands of our society and the world. We Cape Verde A people’s destiny depends on those who are have successfully changed from a one-party able to understand the meaning of progress and regime to a multiparty democracy and in a short the future and who are willing to fight for both, period of time have greatly changed the basis of even at the expense of their own interests. In this our economy. regard, allow me to refer to Amilcar Cabral, These efforts have earned us admiration and 27 whose eightieth birthday we will commemorate recognition among our international partners. In in September. Cabral is a symbol of the Cape this regard, I should mention that various coun- Verdean man who aspired for a better future, a tries, international institutions, and personalities future that would allow him to be in charge of his have recognized Cape Verde in many public own destiny. This is a wonderful and courageous events during the current year. We are thankful ambition when we consider both the poverty for that. However, the most precious and lasting level and size of our nation. aspect of our accomplishments since indepen- Independence was, above all, a courageous dence is our youth. Today, our young people are and daring act. more conscious and eager for change and have a In my opinion, the essential spirit of inde- better than ever sense of their civic and historic pendence celebrated here today continues to be responsibilities. To the youth I send my enthusi- one of the foundations of our state policies. It astic greetings. includes the fundamental ideal of dignity of the This has also been a year of celebration of our Cape Verdean people—comparable to many Cape Verdean artists. Their creativity has earned other countries in the world—as well as the ideal them public admiration here and abroad—adding of equality among all Cape Verdeans. Therefore, to our belief that people and culture are our best it condemns all forms of superiority based on resources. Paraphrasing the writer Antonio social, racial, religious, or economic differences. Nunes in his “Poem of Tomorrow,” all this is the No less important is the confidence of the Cape result of our sweat. Verdean people, as reflected in their creative abil- From my words one may mistakenly conclude ity to overcome obstacles of a collective nature— that I believe everything is going well in Cape one proof that we have played an active role in Verde. Although we should be proud of and moti- our history. It was based on these guiding princi- vated by our potential and our accomplishments ples that we found the energy to fight such diffi- as well as the words of praise from the interna- cult issues in Cape Verde’s history as hunger, our tional community, this should not prevent us from everlasting and strange companion; ecological self-criticism. Being aware of our weaknesses and degradation; a lack of schools; and a lack of belief limitations is the first condition to overcoming in ourselves. We created valuable assets: the Cape them. Therefore, I question if the challenge that Verdean pride and national dignity, food security, we face today of building a new economic growth and a broadened access to elementary school and model, less dependent on financial imbalances, to many other fields. We addressed environmen- has been adopted by everyone and is being tal preservation and many more issues vital to our applied in their everyday lives. well-being. These are visible accomplishments! We should question ourselves to ensure that For the sake of justice, we need to say it again. we make timely decisions regarding the demands During these twenty-nine years, the Cape of our development. We should also question Verdean nation has accomplished remarkable vic- ourselves to avoid being distracted by procedures

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 that are not in tune with the urgency of develop- On July 5, 1975, we had a memorable ment. Procedures that entail delays and postpone- encounter with history. Twenty-nine years later, ments weaken the faith and confidence of our as new and promising opportunities are offered people, who are, after all, our most precious asset. to the country, we should not retreat. I am cer- I believe we should assume that the future is tain that the spirit of courage, confidence, and entirely in our hands and that the future is jeop- daring will remain a source of inspiration for new ardized every time it is postponed or treated with beginnings such as the one that we are experienc- indifference. If we are, in fact, to overcome ing today. The accomplishments, which today we future challenges, it is imperative for us to estab- congratulate one another for, are mainly the lish new rules of conduct for our everyday lives. result of our own work and commitment. We 28 These must be consistent with our outlined have moved up to a new level of development. objectives and envisioned aspirations. Neverthe- The country is gradually taking advantage of its less, it is worth noting that, above all, develop- geoeconomic industries. There are plans for con- ment is a societal issue that in some aspects goes structing more institutions of higher education, beyond the realm of politics. and we will soon benefit from the Millennium Although democracy is one of our country’s Challenge Account. These are valuable assets to distinctive traits as well as one of the reasons for take into consideration. our prestigious recognition, in all fairness, and I believe that we have truly arrived at a turn- for the sake of our future, we need to overcome ing point in the life of our country, both for our certain postures that disturb national cohesion. acknowledged accomplishments and for the These include the predominance of short-term opportunities presented to us. Cape Verde is a projects over strategic planning, of electoralism visible and respected, secure and stable country over persuasive and peaceful debates, and of with an attractive economic prospect. name-calling and personal offense over commit- However, if on the one hand these social and ment and consensus. If left to be implemented by economic turning points offer us new perspec- some as they please, policy making may become tives for the future, on the other hand, they one of the most wasteful of all social practices require a new pace and commitment in decision because it inhibits partnership and raises contro- making and implementation. Above all, they versies. It knows no boundaries, even the moral require a more engaged posture in everyday life ones, and it shifts society’s attention from its and toward life itself. After all, it is the positive main goal. One thing of which we are certain: and confident spirit of independence that must be This is not the right pathway! It is my perception embraced today in order to allow the new Cape that what is missing among us is the spirit of Verde to be born in ourselves. commitment that characterizes mature democra- Thank you! cies. This lack of commitment seems particularly evident when the circumstances recommend negotiation, understanding, and a broader partic- ipation in strategic decision making. I believe democratic interventions should provide a way for Cape Verde to win historic challenges, never allowing such challenges to be lost because of individual or party passions. Cape Verde should aim for higher values in order to be more pros- perous, more just, and more able to pursue its vocation. portas de um futuro pleno de possibilidades. Neste sentido, o 5 de Julho de 1975 não foi CABO VERDE apenas o simples desembaraçar de uma relação Di scurso Proferido Por Sua colonial, como se sabe, pouco interessada na sorte e no bem-estar dos cabo-verdianos. Foi

Excelência o Presidente da República muito mais! Com efeito, constituiu a aquisição de Cape Verde um instrumento com o qual construímos, e de Cabo Verde, Pedro Verona haveremos ainda de construir, sucessivas soluções para os problemas que a realização dos nossos Rodrigues Pires, Na Sessão Especial anseios colectivos foram levantando. Permitam-me, minhas senhoras e meus 29 da Assembleia Nacional senhores, saudar e homenagear, todos aqueles Comemorativa do XXIX Aniversário Da que ao longo do tempo, alimentaram o ideário de um Cabo Verde sem tutela. Muitos deles foram, Independência Nacional na sua época, pessoas visionárias e inconformistas. Pensaram a nossa terra além dos seus próprios 5 de Julho de 2004, Praia interesses imediatos. Preocuparam-se com a sorte e o futuro das gerações vindouras. E puseram a A comemoração do Dia da Independência é energia das utopias na sua acção quotidiana. sempre um momento forte de celebração de Aliás, o destino dos povos depende em cada feitos que vêm enformando a nossa história e de momento daqueles que descortinam o sentido do renovação do nosso compromisso com o futuro. futuro e do progresso e estão dispostos a bater-se Hoje, ao saudar fraternalmente as cabo-verdianas por ele, mesmo com sacrifício dos projectos e os cabo-verdianos, quero a todos reafirmar a pessoais. A este propósito, seja-me permitido minha firme convicção de que temos força e evocar a figura de Amílcar Cabral, cujos 80 anos vontade para enfrentar, com espírito de entrega e comemoraremos em Setembro próximo, como autoconfiança, os desafios a que a nossa ambição símbolo da capacidade do homem cabo-verdiano de progresso e de dignidade nos impõe e nos de aspirar a um futuro melhor e a ser senhor da obriga a vencer. Aproveito ainda o momento para sua própria terra e dono do seu próprio destino. saudar, com muita morabeza, as cabo-verdianas e É esta uma maravilhosa e corajosa aspiração, se os cabo-verdianos da diáspora, com eles levarmos em conta a pequenez e a pobreza da comungar este dia de festa, e a todos augurar nossa pátria. sucessos e ganhos sucessivos na sua plena A independência foi acima de tudo um acto de afirmação nos países de residência. coragem e ousadia! O dia da independência vai-se consagrando na A meu ver, o espírito da independência, que nossa jovem, porém, intensa História Nacional, aqui e agora celebramos, continua na sua essência como o momento de a Nação se confrontar com a ser um dos fundamentos da política do Estado. ela própria. De, em consciência e serenamente, Dele constam ideias basilares como a da reafirmar os valores e o espírito da independência. dignidade do povo cabo-verdiano—não sendo Reputo que todos devemos reconhecer inferior aos demais povos do mundo—ou a da que muitos são os progressos e os ganhos que igualdade de todos os cabo-verdianos entre si, ela rendeu e tem rendido a Cabo Verde. Ouso ilegitimando assim a crença na superioridade de mesmo dizer que a independência será, uns face a outros, assente na classe social, na raça, porventura, a mais maravilhosa das realizações na região ou na riqueza material. Não menos do Homem cabo-verdiano, pois abriu-nos, a importante do espírito da independência é a nós que havíamos nascido num arquipélago confiança que revela nas capacidades criadoras do marginalizado, explorado e subalternizado, as povo cabo-verdiano para enfrentar os desafios

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 que a sobrevivência colectiva coloca. Ideia que Das minhas palavras se pode erroneamente nos potencia para uma inserção dinâmica no concluir que entendo que tudo vai bem na tempo histórico. Foi com base nestes princípios República de Cabo Verde. Se as nossas realizações norteadores que pudemos encontrar energia para e potencialidades bem como os elogios da resolvermos os grandes passivos da História de comunidade internacional nos enchem de orgulho Cabo Verde como a fome, nossa macabra e nos estimulam, nem por isso devem tornar-nos companheira ao longo de séculos, a degradação acríticos em relação a nós próprios, sobretudo ecológica, a falta de escolas e a descrença em nós quando sabemos que a consciência das nossas próprios. Em seu lugar, construímos activos fraquezas e limitações é a condição primeira da valiosos tais como o orgulho de ser cabo- superação das mesmas. Assim, interrogo-me se os 30 verdiano e a dignidade nacional, a segurança desafios, que se nos colocam hoje, de construir alimentar, a universalização do ensino primário, a um novo modelo de crescimento económico, par da democratização de acesso a outros níveis, e menos dependente da ajuda pública e igualmente a requalificação do ambiente, entre outras tantas menos assente nos desequilíbrios financeiros, realizações. Ganhos palpáveis! terão sido interiorizados por todos e estão a Nestes 29 anos, a Nação cabo-verdiana ser vencidos, com o afinco indispensável, no alcançou vitórias notáveis, é preciso repeti-lo a dia a dia? bem da justiça. Debelámos o espectro da fome e Devemos interpelar-nos para saber se das suas consequências para, logo de seguida, andamos a decidir em tempo útil as constantes lançarmos o processo da construção das bases demandas de desenvolvimento, não nos deixando de desenvolvimento nacional. Da mesma enredar em procedimentos nem sempre forma, soubemos, sem grandes traumatismos, sintonizados com a urgência do desenvolvimento. empreender mudanças para atender às exigências Pois, a pendência, a morosidade e o adiamento da nossa sociedade e do mundo. Assim, realizámos enfraquecem a fé e a confiança, que são afinal os com sucesso a transição de regime monopartidário nossos recursos de maior valia. para o da democracia pluripartidária, para pouco Creio que é indispensável assumir depois virmos a alterar em larga medida os integralmente que o futuro se encontra nas fundamentos da nossa economia. Um processo nossas mãos e que o comprometemos a cada que tem sido objecto de reconhecimento e de gesto de adiamento, de atraso e de, porque não admiração dos parceiros internacionais. Aliás, dizê-lo, de indiferença. Impõe-se, caso quisermos quanto a isso não nos tem faltado, neste ano, de facto vencer os desafios que se nos colocam, expressões e actos públicos de reconhecimento, que ergamos uma nova regra de comportamento vindos de diferentes países, personalidades e quotidiano, coerente com os objectivos que instituições internacionais aos quais estamos propugnamos e as aspirações a que almejamos. É, muito gratos. Mas, talvez, o que há de mais no entanto, oportuno reafirmar, a este propósito, precioso e duradouro nas conquistas da que o desenvolvimento é, sobretudo, um independência seja a juventude. Temos hoje uma problema de sociedade que ultrapassa a acção dos juventude mais consciente, mais inquieta e com actores políticos, em sentido restrito. maior sentido das suas responsabilidades cívicas e Não obstante a democracia ser hoje um dos históricas. Vão para ela as minhas saudações mais traços distintivos do país, motivo inclusive do entusiásticas. Este ano foi igualmente o da enorme capital de prestígio de que gozamos, não consagração dos artistas cabo-verdianos. A sua podemos afirmar de consciência tranquila que ela criatividade tem conquistado admiradores dentro não precisa, a bem do nosso futuro, de superar e fora de Cabo Verde, fazendo-nos crer que o determinadas posturas. O predomínio dos homem e a cultura são realmente o nosso maior cálculos de curto prazo sobre as visões estratégicas, recurso. Tudo isto, como diz António Nunes no do eleitoralismo sobre a persuasão e o debate poema “Amanhã, “é fruto do nosso suor”. sereno, da calúnia e da ofensa sobre a construção de compromissos e consensos só pode perturbar goza de visibilidade e de respeitabilidade. É um |a coesão nacional. Praticada de forma como país estável e seguro e um destino económico certos pretendem, a política pode vir a ser a mais atractivo. perdulária das práticas sociais, pois, assim inibe Porém, se este momento de viragem social solidariedades e estende as crispações. Ignora e económica oferece, dum lado, perspectivas

os limites, mesmos os morais, desviando novas de futuro, doutro lado, exige, novo Cape Verde a sociedade do que é realmente essencial. De empenhamento e novo ritmo, na decisão e na uma coisa podemos estar certos: não é por aí execução, requer, enfim, uma nova forma de estar o caminho. e uma atitude comprometida, no quotidiano e Na minha percepção, tem faltado, entre nós, na vida. É afinal o espírito da independência, o espírito de compromisso, apanágio de uma positivo e confiante, que devemos resgatar hoje 31 democracia amadurecida, e particularmente para ganharmos o novo Cabo Verde que, das quando as circunstâncias recomendam, por si só, nossas mãos, precisa nascer. negociações e entendimentos assim como o Muito obrigado! alargamento da base de sustentação de decisões de fundo e estratégicas. Considero, pelo contrário, que as formas de interacção democrática devem sempre poder potenciar Cabo Verde para ganhar os seus grandes desafios históricos, não permitindo nunca que nos percamos em paixões pessoais, grupais e partidárias, de cada momento. O valor supremo é o ideário de um Cabo Verde, mais próspero, mais justo e mais capaz de realizar a nossa vocação enquanto povo. Em 5 de Julho de 1975 tivemos um grande e memorável encontro com a História. 29 anos depois, não nos podemos permitir, justamente no momento em que novas e promissoras oportunidades se oferecem ao país, a um grande desencontro. O espírito de ousadia, coragem e confiança que se encontra na base da nossa independência, continuará, estou certo, a ser uma das fontes de inspiração em momentos de nova largada, como este que hoje vivemos. Os resultados, com que todos nos congratulamos hoje, são justamente frutos e retornos do nosso próprio labor e empenho: alcançamos um novo patamar de desenvolvimento; paulatinamente, a vocação geoeconómica do nosso país vêm ganhando corpo; a expansão do Ensino Superior se perspectiva; seremos em breve beneficiários do programa “Millenium Challenge Account”. São activos valiosos a potenciar! Creio que nos encontramos, realmente, num momento de viragem na vida do nosso país, quer pelos ganhos já conseguidos, quer pelas oportunidades que se nos oferecem. Cabo Verde

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 GHANA Divider Page GHANA 34 For the third but, God willing, not the final time, I have come before [you], as required by the Constitution, to give an account of the state of the nation. Permit me to begin by reminding the House and the nation of the many pressing problems [that] this administration inherited when it assumed the reins of government in 2001. At that time, the nation was choking under crushing demands from its creditors all over the globe. The exchequer was depleted, with reserves State of the Nation Address by His for imports not exceeding three weeks’ supplies. Indeed, it had only six days’ crude oil reserves, Excellency John Agyekum Kufuor, and no bank, not even our own Ghana Commer- cial Bank, Ltd., was prepared to open letters of President of the Republic of Ghana, credit for the Tema Oil Refinery (TOR) for more imports because of its heavy indebtedness. at Parliament The law-and-order situation was so chaotic that, for example, there seemed to be no solution 22 January 2004 to the serial killing of our womenfolk, and the entire society was gripped in an atmosphere Accra of terror. The nation seemed permanently yoked under an intractable regime of high interest rates of over 50 percent in the banks, and an inflation rate of over 40 percent. Access to credit was virtually impossible, and there was hardly any private sector worth talking about. The infrastructure of the nation was in total shambles. [A] typical example was the arterial- roads network spreading from Accra, the capital, to the east, west, and north of the country. Similarly, the national telecommunications system had been bled into unimaginable ineffi- ciencies through doubtful agreements. The energy sector was riddled with many unproductive white-elephant projects in which much of the nation’s scarce resources—running MANAGEMENT OF THE ECONOMY into hundreds of millions of dollars—had been tied [up]. The success of a nation is measured by the quality Our hospitals, which had been described as of life of its people, and democracy can thrive cemeteries twenty years earlier, had degenerated only in a strong economy. For the past three further into infernos. years, we have initiated and implemented policies Educational institutions were begging for aimed at halting the downward slide of the econ- expansion and refurbishment and [for] motivated omy and kick-starting its growth. I am happy Ghana staffs to pull them into modernity. to report that at the end of 2003, all the macro- The railway system had been abandoned, with economic trends pointed at sound and sustainable tracks taken over by hawkers and coaches serving economic development: 35 as homes for squatters. These are the conditions we met on assuming • Inflation has been on a general decline, office. except for the consequential jump arising The government determined that in tackling from the petroleum price increase in all these problems, it would scrupulously abide by March 2003. the national Constitution and the manifesto of • The cedi was relatively stable throughout the political party that brought us into office. the year. This has been our guiding principle these past • Domestic borrowing by government in three years. 2003 was the lowest in many years. This august House need not be reminded that • The accumulation of foreign-exchange this is [an] election year and the last year of the reserves was the highest within memorable current mandate of this government. I can say years, and [it] currently stands at over with confidence that government intends to pur- US$1.4 billion and covers four months of sue the same levelheaded and prudent policies imports. For the first time in many years, that have brought us this far and not succumb to interest rates fell from their high level of the temptation of seeking short-term answers. over 50 percent in the banks to the current We shall continue to lead the way in nurtur- 26 percent and are following the Central ing Ghana’s democracy. We shall continue to Bank’s base rate, which has also declined encourage the promotion of individual liberties from over 30 percent to the current and freedom of speech that have characterised 21.5 percent. our society these past three years. We shall do so not only because these are the firm beliefs of the In other words, businesses and individuals can NPP [New Patriotic Party], but also because expect some predictability and stability in making such practices build the self-confidence of their plans. These achievements have been the Ghanaians and are good for the nation. result of hard work and prudent measures put in It has been instructive to hear the debate that place by government. has been raging about “phone-in” programmes. Our recent history reveals a tendency towards Doubtless, the current media pluralism in the financial indiscipline in election years, thus country has played a good role in promoting negating the achievements of years of sacrifice. accountability and transparency in public life. As I have said on several platforms, we will resist Whilst enjoying the freedom that this brings, I all temptations and pressures to depart from the ask only that the nation does not lose its soul. expenditure framework that will be outlined in The pursuit of the truth should be sacrosanct. As the forthcoming budget. Other sectors of society a people, we [set] great store [by] respect for our must also accept the same responsibility for disci- elders and the use of cultured language, and we pline this year. We urge the people in general, should not lose such attributes under the pretext and organised labour in particular, to be moder- of freedom of speech. ate in their demands, as we cannot afford to

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 reverse the gains we have made over the past Infrastructure three years. It must cheer all our hearts that vigorous activi- Revenue Mobilisation Efforts ties are going on in the infrastructural sector around the country. Proof that the country is finally getting its eco- nomic matters onto a sound footing is demon- Trunk Roads strated by the robust change in domestic revenue mobilisation this past year. A sound economy is The three major arterial roads out of the capital, built on the ability to generate revenue internally. Accra-Kumasi, Accra-Cape-Coast, [and] Accra- 36 I doubt that the paying of taxes will ever be the Aflao, which link the country to her ECOWAS most popular undertaking, but we must, as a peo- [Economic Community of West African States] ple desirous of rapid development, accept neighbours, are all at different stages of construc- pay[ing] our taxes. tion. Work on the Tetteh Quarshie interchange We must commend the measures that have component of the Accra-Mamfe road is 50 per- been put in place, the officials who administer cent done and is proceeding ahead of schedule. the revenue collection regimes, and the taxpay- Work on the Pantang-Mamfe section is due to ers; all these enabled the nation to exceed its start next month. budgeted target. This year, revenue mobilisation Work is in progress on other key trunk will be equally robust, and I trust that all citizens roads around the country, like Bole-Bamboi, will do their part. Manso-Asankragwa, Jasikan-Brewaniase, The Ministry of Finance and Economic Kpando-Worawora, Bekwai-Kuntunase, Sunyani- Planning will further improve the existing mobil- Ntotoroso, Tamale-Yendi, Axim Junction–Tarkwa, isation mechanisms through efficient and effec- Bibiani-Abuakwa, while the Wa-Han-Tumu and tive tax collection strategies. We believe that the Chuchuliga-Sissili roads are being upgraded reforms in the operational strategies will lead to to bituminous surface. plugging leakages in the tax system and thereby For the first time in a long while, urban, ensure optimum revenue mobilisation without feeder, and town roads are being constructed. further burdening the taxpayer. Last year, in addition to routine maintenance, 2,000 kilometres of feeder roads were either Ghana Stock Exchange regravelled, rehabilitated, or spot improved. I must mention in particular the 120 kilometres of Further proof that the economy is being trans- town roads that were tarred, and this includes the formed has been the performance of the Ghana roads in many second-cycle institutions as well. Stock Exchange (GSE). Last year, investor confi- Also in a bid to pay particular attention to the dence was high, leading to the GSE All-Share safety of schoolchildren, walkways and safe routes Index recording a gain of over 108 percent, were provided for clusters of schools in some increased capitalisation, and an impressive suburbs of Accra, Kumasi, and Takoradi under a turnover. This made it one of the best- project dubbed Safe Walk to School. performing markets in sub-Saharan Africa. Apart from the routine works going on in the capital city, the roads in the Accra central busi- THE FIVE PRIORITY AREAS ness district and High Street will receive much- needed attention this year. I am happy to report that progress has been made Roads in the Western Region are at long last in all the five areas [infrastructure, agriculture, receiving the attention they deserve, for this social services, good governance, and private- region is the source of much of the wealth of the sector development] selected for priority atten- nation. Bridges, stream bridges, and box culverts tion in the development agenda. have been built. This has meant a reduction in travel time and improved access to farmlands, It is only the prospect of the profitability of its marketing centres, and social services. routes and the resolve of the nation not to let it go that are keeping it alive. Road Transport Over the last two years, government has done a lot to engage serious partnerships that will One of the biggest problems [that] confronted come with the needed restructuring of manage- this administration when it assumed office was ment and technical services and [the] replacement the [perilous] state of transportation in the coun- of the overage fleet to rationalise and resurrect Ghana try. We moved quickly to introduce a mass- the airline. transportation system, which was started in Accra, The cost of these efforts is daunting, but gov- then extended to Kumasi, Sekondi-Takoradi, and ernment, guided by a vision [that] is practical and 37 now Tamale, with a current fleet of 262 buses. attainable, is determined to help rehabilitate the This year, the Metro Mass Transit Company airline one way or the other, even if as a joint- will augment its fleet with 100 DAF/Neoplan venture company flying the national flag. buses from Holland and 250 new buses Government is convinced that to realise the from China. nation’s ambition of becoming the aviation hub The Intercity State Transport Company has of the subregion, it is necessary that a carrier acquired 48 new luxury buses to augment its with a national flag be in place. fleet. Intercity travel should become safer and more comfortable. Railways

Air Travel Government is determined to resuscitate the rail- way sector to enable it to play its vital role in the Preparations to make Ghana the aviation hub of economy. Last year some of the existing wagons the subregion are on course. The refurbished were rehabilitated and new high-density coaches departure hall of the Kotoka International purchased. This enabled the sector to haul 1.57 Airport is expected to be operational by the end million tonnes of freight as against the targeted of the first quarter of 2004. 1.40 million tonnes, an increase of 11 percent. In addition, the airport is being modernised The albeit limited passenger service of the with the installation of aerobridges and aperture company remains popular, particularly the subur- satellite equipment to improve [the] aeronautic ban rail services on the Accra-Nsawam and the communication system. Kumasii-Ejisu lines. The target is to increase the Since January last year, clearance of imports at high-density coaches to meet the increased the Kotoka International Airport has become demands of both freight and passenger services. fully automated, and this has reduced clearance time at the airport from days and even weeks to Ports less than a day. The strategic location of the country as the geo- Ghana Airways graphical center of the world must be fully exploited for increased business with the world Whilst we are making some headway with the and particularly with our landlocked neighbours. civil aviation, there is still some way to go in Government will, therefore, pursue the develop- turning around Ghana Airways, the national car- ment of Tema, Takoradi, and inland ports until rier. It has been bedeviled with [an] overage fleet, they become the preferred trans-shipment ports overemployment, corrupt practices, and insol- of the subregion. vency. To be candid, the airline is all but dead.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Energy I also commissioned the Ghana Multimedia Centre located in Ghana House, the former Let me now address issues in the energy sector, GNTC [Ghana National Trading Company] which remains one of the most crucial to our building, in Accra, last week. This is to serve as developmental efforts. Government has taken an incubator where new private companies in the certain measures [that] will radically change the industry can be nurtured. It is expected that as direction and strategic focus of the generation, such companies grow, they will relocate to the transmission, and distribution components of the technology park business centre to be set up in power sector. the free-zone area in Tema. Work on the projected ECOWAS Gas 38 Pipeline should start this year, and if everything Agriculture works [according] to plan, the project is expected to be completed in 2005. It is estimated that Agriculture is the second of the priority areas, with it, [the] fuel costs of the nation will be and we were all very happy when the sector reduced appreciably and will help to rationalise performed well last year. I have heard criticism the economy. in certain quarters for thanking God for giving At the same time, government is encouraging us good rains, which made food plentiful concessionaires to step up with prospecting and affordable. and drilling for crude oil, which the nation has The complaint was that we should be doing to import at a current high price of US$32 mechanized farming aided by irrigation and not per barrel. rain-fed farming. What the critics overlooked I need hardly remind this House of the was that government was already promoting the import of this [to] our carefully laid economic construction of dams and irrigation throughout plans. I only want to assure the nation that gov- the country. ernment remains very sensitive to the plight of Under the Village Infrastructure Programme the citizens and industry and will do its best to (VIP) and similar projects, small and micro- help tide over our economy [in] this critical and irrigation systems, which can be managed by harsh season. small-scale farmers, have been in service in dif- ferent parts of the country for many years and Communications are systematically being expanded. More of these are still being developed. In pursuit of government’s plans to expand [the] The point remains, however, that even when a telecommunication industry, a credit facility from dam is constructed, it would need the rains to fill a Chinese company, Alcatel Shanghai Bell, has it, so when by his grace the rains do come, we been arranged for Ghana Telecom to acquire should gratefully thank God for them. more switches to undertake a massive expansion programme throughout the country, including Food Crop Sector wiring of second-cycle schools and colleges to facilitate the deployment of ICT [information But whether we are engaged in mechanised or and communications technology] facilities. By rain-fed farming, the key challenges of the food Dececmber 2004, 25 percent of schools and col- crop sector have always been the diversification leges should have been linked. of crops, mechanisation, and the better use of The Kofi Annan Centre of Excellence in ICT, extension services. which is a joint Ghana-India project, was com- The processing, storage, and marketing of missioned in December 2003. It will produce the locally produced food is no longer being left to human capacity needed for the emerging ICT chance. Credit is being provided to specialised industry in Ghana and the subregion. companies and individuals with requisite techni- cal know-how to ensure that scientific and busi- must take an interest. Naturally we are all finding nesslike methods are employed, not only on the reasons for the good or bad performance of our farms but throughout the food chain, from the schools, but we are all agreed that the schools farms to dining tables. with good facilities tend to perform better. It is crucial, however, that as we adopt mod- I am, therefore, pleased to report that last ern methods of farming to increase yield on the year there were massive capital outlays and infra- farms, we do not damage the environment. structural development in the educational sector.

For example, 685 three-unit classroom Ghana Cocoa Industry blocks—each with toilet, urinal, teachers’ com- mon room, store, and library—were constructed In the 2002–2003 cocoa season, Ghana obtained for basic schools across the country. This year, 39 its second-highest cocoa production level, with 440 more will be constructed. A significant devel- a total of 496,793 tonnes as compared to the opment was that 5,500 needy pupils, most of 580,869 tonnes produced in [the] 1964–1965 them girls, received material support. season. Indeed, in terms of foreign-exchange This year, an amount of 9 billion cedis has receipts, the US$889 million of the 2002–2003 been provided to the forty most deprived districts cocoa season is the highest ever. The programme to enable them [to] abolish all fees and levies in to control cocoa diseases and pests [that] resulted the districts and thus ensure massive enrolment in this achievement will be continued, and sup- of school pupils in basic schools. port will be given to private-sector participation In line with the policy of upgrading at least in the domestic processing of cocoa beans. one senior secondary school in each district, The cocoa farmers of Ghana are at long last work on the first batch of thirty-one schools is coming into their own with very high producer progressing steadily. Funding has been secured prices, and bonuses currently stand at 69 percent from the African Development Bank for work on of FOB [free on board] price to strengthen their the second batch comprising twenty-five schools. commitment to their occupation. Last year, an estimated 224 billion cedis were spent to modernise and enlarge the capacity of Enhanced Social Services facilities at the universities and polytechnics. Lecture halls, libraries, laboratories, and adminis- The social services sector was the third of the tration blocks are being provided in various terti- priority areas targeted. ary institutions. Research was also given a boost with an amount of 28.8 billion cedis. Education As a result of these measures, for the 2002–2003 academic year, student intake to uni- It bears repeating that education must be at the versities and polytechnics rose by 30.5 percent heart of all that we seek to do. For the past two and 28.5 percent, respectively, above that of the weeks, I have been cheered by the intensity of previous year. the debate that has followed the publication of A very important development was the phe- the league table of examination performance by nomenal increase in the enrolment for distance senior secondary schools. Naturally, my eyes education from 750 in 2001–2002 to 3,618 in drifted to the school that occupied the fifteenth 2002–2003 academic years. The happy result is position on the list, and I was irritated that our that this has reduced by half the number of local rival had beaten us comprehensively to take teachers who leave the classroom to go on study the second position. leave annually. In the process, the big problem of This is a healthy debate, and it must go fur- [an] inadequate number of qualified teachers in ther to ensure that school matters are not left to classrooms is being addressed. schools alone. Old students and communities

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Youth and Sports country to come together to support it, to make it a success. There has been enough argument; it One of the happy moments in the past year came is time to put the scheme into operation and put when the nation won a total of twenty-three the nightmare of the cash-and-carry behind us. medals, including four gold, at the 2003 All Permit me to stress for the third time that Africa Games at Abuja. This was the country’s the funds expected from SSNIT [Social Security best performance since 1973. and National Insurance Trust] will not affect the The Black Queens, the women’s football pensions of contributors, each of whom will be team, also put [in] some thrilling performances at paid his or her full entitlements when due. As I the World Cup Finals in California, even though have said earlier, this is the best way to bring 40 they could not go beyond the preliminary stage. quality health care to all, rich and poor, But we are all keenly aware that the African employed and unemployed. Cup of Nations is about to kick off in Tunis [this] weekend, and the Black Stars are absent. The College of Physicians Meteors are currently engaged in the qualifying and Surgeons series for [the] Olympic Games, and I am sure the entire nation joins me in wishing them the There were other positive gains in health delivery. best of luck. Forty years after Ghana’s first medical school was As passionate as we all get about the perform- established, the country’s first postgraduate Ghana ance of our sporting teams, the only way to College of Physicians and Surgeons has been inau- achieve sustainable success at a high level is to gurated. The happy news is that the programme persevere with the school sports programme and of the college is specially structured to enable doc- the provision of [the] appropriate infrastructure tors to access it, even from their district hospitals, that government has embarked upon. while continuing their normal work. It must surely The Accra and Kumasi Stadia will be rehabili- help to stem the exodus of doctors and other tated, and lands have already been acquired at health personnel from the country. Sekondi-Takoradi and Tamale for the construc- tion of modern stadia in anticipation of Ghana HIV/AIDS hosting the 2008 African Cup of Nations football tournament. We are still grappling with the HIV/AIDS pan- Whilst government will certainly take the lead demic and have intensified our efforts at public in providing the infrastructural base for the education. development of sports, let me here extend an Last year, government started dispensing urgent and particular invitation to private-sector imported antiretroviral drugs at highly subsidised businesses to invest in sports. It promises good rates to HIV patients. But we all know that this returns and induces a feel-good factor among alone will not be enough. I therefore entreat all the population. of us to continue showing love and compassion to AIDS sufferers, even as we endeavour to pro- The Physical Health tect ourselves against [the disease]. of the Nation Good Governance The necessary legislation for the National Health Insurance Scheme was finally enacted last year. I As this House must be aware, good governance regret that the bill did not get support from all has been the guiding principle [that] has informed parts of the House and that organised labour has many of the policies of this government. felt it necessary to campaign against the measure. The decision to create a special Ministry of But now that it has become law, I urge the entire Women and Children’s Affairs is paying healthy dividends. From the high-profile positions that will help us better cope with the problems of san- are going to more and more women [to] the pro- itation in particular. This year the national sani- vision of credit to women engaged in farming tation policy will become operational, with and trading—and some say the performance of emphasis being laid [on] four components: the girls’ schools—it is obvious that the female inspection, compliance enforcement, hygiene half of the population is coming into its own. education, and pest control. The self-confidence is palpable, and we must As I watched the proceedings during the cere- build on it. monial opening of Parliament earlier this week, I Ghana heard the laughter that greeted the compliment Employment Generation paid by the Deputy Speaker of the Gambian Parliament on what she saw as the cleanliness of 41 Let me now address the problem of unemploy- our capital city. ment. Government is convinced that skills acqui- It is quite right that we set our standards high; sition and training are the major tools for tack- the filth in our towns and cities is unacceptable. ling the unemployment problem. As conditions We hope that the division of the big urban improve to make Ghana a competitive destina- sprawls into submetros will make their adminis- tion for the siting of businesses, young people tration and sanitation problems more manageable. must be well equipped to get the jobs that come I need to point out, though, that no matter with the improved conditions. So government is how [many] resources we put into the cleaning of supporting the Skills Training and Employment the towns and cities, unless citizens change their Placement (STEP) programme. Great strides are habits, the problem will not go away. We must being made under this programme, and it is take pride in our environment and more so in expected that 23,000 youth will be trained this our towns and cities, and that means we should year in various vocations. A number of them will not litter or put up illegal structures. be assisted through the Microfinance Scheme to set up [a] business on their own. Peace and Security This number will be in addition to the 98,278 jobs already created in the formal sector of the I am happy to report that the general security sit- economy and the 166,000 in the informal sector uation is much improved. The signs are that the since this government came to power. Indirectly, problem in Dagbon is gradually being resolved, many more unemployed must have benefited and we pray that the Almighty touches the hearts from our policies, especially in the rural areas. of the people to engender a spirit of forgiveness and love among them. Local Government As promised, police numbers are being increased. By the end of the year, an extra four To promote good governance, this government thousand police officers will have been added to appreciates the necessity for devolution of power the service since this government came into to the district assemblies as a way of tackling office, and government is continuing to provide some of the socioeconomic problems of society. the facilities needed to make their work easier. To this end, government will continue to This will put more police on patrol, day and ensure a balanced development of our metropoli- night, and make us all sleep much easier. tan, municipal, and district assembly areas, espe- cially with reference [to] competent staffing and Management of Lands funding. Participation of civil society, traditional and Forestry authority, NGOs [nongovernmental organisa- tions], and the private-sector partnership in local The problem of land management remains a vex- governance will be enhanced. Decentralisation ing one. I am happy to report that a loan of

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 US$20.5 million has been obtained from the The President’s Special World Bank to finance the implementation of the Initiatives first phase of the Ghana Land Administration Programme, which should harmonise land poli- Government is focusing attention on the indus- cies and its legislative framework. trial sector to promote growth in the economy Government is also examining the feasibility and [to] create jobs through rural-based of registering all lands at all levels of titles from agro industries. government, chiefs, and individuals to render The President’s Special Initiatives are the them bankable as a source of revenue, for the instruments for the promotion of [the] private generation of wealth. sector and the diversification of the economy. 42 This idea was introduced by Professor Through the initiatives, government is creating Hernando de Soto of Peru, who worked on it enabling environments by providing appropriate with former President William J. Clinton of the infrastructure for private-sector operators. USA [United States of America]. Areas identified so far include cassava produc- tion to feed starch factories, salt production and Private-Sector Development processing, oil palm plantation development, cotton production for textile and garment I am happy to report that the private sector is development, and sorghum and soya to feed becoming increasingly active and confident. The the breweries. problem of [a] lack of coordination between the Already the Ayensu Starch Factory, the first sector and [the] ministries, departments, and cassava initiative [that] was commissioned at agencies of the public sector is being solved with- Bawjiase in April 2003, has generated employ- in a national framework to regulate the opera- ment for ten thousand farmers and made its first tions of public-private partnership. shipment of 120 tonnes of cassava starch. As the macroeconomic conditions improve, A modern Clothing and Technology Training credit is also becoming available at affordable Centre (CTTC) has been established in Accra. rates at the banks. But we are not leaving it all to It has trained over 2,500 operators to feed the the individual businessmen’s initiatives; govern- textile and garment industry. Indeed, as a result, ment is being proactive in sourcing funds for the opportunities presented to the clothing and gar- sector. ments sector under the African Growth and For example, under the African Development Opportunity Act (AGOA), Ghana’s nontraditional Fund [ADF], five to eight small- and medium- export to the United States increased significantly, scale enterprises are being supported with credit from US$42 million in 2002 to US$62.5 million of up to [US]$500,000 each year for the next in 2003. five years. Already, the Wenchi Tomato Factory, This year, government expects to complete Coastal Groves Ltd., in [the] Central Region, one hundred medium-sized garment and textile and Bosbel Vegetable Oil Mills Ltd., in Tamale, factories as part of an industrial park in the have benefited from it. Export Processing Zone. There are also 10 million euros from the Also, enough oil palm seedlings have been Italian credit; US$30 million, the Danish govern- nursed to be planted on 6,700 hectares of land ment’s Business Sector Programmes Support; this year. [and] US$5 million from the Swiss government, in addition to an existing US$40 million HSBC Tourism [Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited] Bank credit. One area of growing importance to this country is the tourism industry, which is one of the new pillars for economic development and job cre- respect. My foreign visits have helped to ation. Currently, it contributes about 3.9 percent promote Ghana’s image and trading and invest- of the country’s GDP [gross domestic product], ment prospects. and it is the fourth foreign-exchange earner. The decision of Japan to convert the loan for We estimate a 20 percent annual growth rate, the Kasoa-Yamoransa road to a grant is one such which should attract about one million tourists concrete example of the dividends from our poli- by year 2007 and earn Ghana some US$1.5 bil- cies and the enhanced status of our country. lion. A special school has been established in Similar gestures have been extended by many Ghana Koforidua to train qualified personnel to world other friendly countries and development part- standards to service the sector. ners like Denmark, Canada, Holland, the UK [United Kingdom], Germany, Italy, [the] 43 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS European Union, the USA, and China, and we are grateful to all of them. The policy of good neighbourliness and mutually Tomorrow we are expecting the German beneficial economic cooperation, which govern- chancellor, His Excellency Gerhart Schroeder, in ment adopted on assuming office, has continued Accra on a state visit. The king of Morocco, His to pay healthy dividends. We are at peace with Majesty King Mohammed VI, former president our neighbours, and it has also raised Ghana’s Jimmy Carter of the United States, and Mr. stature within the comity of nations. James P. Wolfensen, president of the World Bank, are all due to visit Ghana within the next Economic Community of West few months. African States (ECOWAS) Ghanaian residents abroad are also taking more pride and interest in matters back home. Ghana continues to play an active role in The result is increased remittances, which cur- ECOWAS, and our soldiers have been at the rently stand at over US$1 billion. forefront in ECOWAS peacekeeping efforts. The subregion is beginning to regain some measure of CONCLUSION peace. An interim government is in place in Liberia to prepare the country for elections. To conclude, let me say with all modesty that our Again, ECOWAS helped to broker peace in Côte dear country under this administration has been d’Ivoire and succeeded in preventing the uncon- making steady and appreciable progress towards stitutional overthrow of the government of stability and prosperity. Within the short period of Guinea-Bissau. My reelection to serve for a sec- three years, this government has done more than ond term as chairman of ECOWAS is an honour just lay a firm foundation to carry the superstruc- [that] belongs to Ghanaians, and I dedicate it to ture of our economy. It has inspired most, if not them. I hope I can count on your support. all, sections of our population to share in the vision of the greatness of Ghana and to aspire West African Monetary Zone towards achieving that greatness. These efforts have attracted [the] encouragement and support of At the last ECOWAS summit here in December our development partners from around the globe. [2003], it was decided that Ghana should host the In spite of whatever problems we may still headquarters of the West African Central Bank have, the future is bright, and we dare not falter. next year. Government will work assiduously This is a critical year for the nation. After decades towards the success of this development, which of political turbulence [and] economic stagnation, should reflect positively on the image of the the nation is at long last beginning to see a glim- country. Ghana has continued to work with all mer of light at the end of the tunnel. This year countries on the basis of equality and mutual must therefore be the year of consolidation.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 It is also [an] election year, which will confirm the nation’s commitment to the democratic dis- pensation as its routine way of governance. On the continent of Africa, this is indeed a big chal- lenge as we prepare ourselves for the moment of truth, when Ghanaians will be called upon to choose freely their next government and parlia- ment under the national Constitution. Given the sensitivity and gravity of the moment, this government, which I lead, wants to 44 seize this occasion to assure [all] the people of Ghana of its continued respect for the letter and spirit of the national Constitution. Government is resolved to discharge fully and firmly its pri- mary duty, again under the Constitution, to maintain law and order, to ensure that the nation sails through this critical year without let[up] or hindrance, in pursuit of the glorious vision that impels this government. In my new-year message, I invited the entire nation to operate on the basis of goodwill; per- haps I can borrow a fine statement made by the immortal American statesman Abraham Lincoln—“with malice toward none, with charity for all”—to convey the meaning of what I have said more clearly. I pray that we all agree to work on this basis, within the laws of the country. This, I believe, is the surest way to success for the nation and for all of us, no matter our political stance. In this spirit, since it is still very early in the year, let me use this opportunity to convey to you and all members of this House, and [to] the entire nation, my sincerest wishes for a happy and prosperous new year. Thank you. KENYA Divider Page KENYA 46 We have gathered to celebrate Jamhuri Day and forty-one years of our independence. We are also celebrating a very successful second year of the NARC [National Rainbow Coalition] govern- ment. I salute all Kenyans in the country and in every corner of the world. I also thank our well- wishers for joining us in this celebration. Jamhuri Day is an occasion when we take stock of how we are performing as a country. Two years ago, my government embarked on a comprehensive reform agenda to restore this country to the glory we once enjoyed. We pledged to renew the fight against poverty and disease and to restore the economy to high levels Speech by His Excellency of growth so as to improve the quality of life of Kenyans. We have been faithful to the promises Mwai Kibaki, CGH, MP, President and that we made. One area to which the government and the Commander in Chief of the Armed Kenyan people have accorded high priority is improvement of governance. The reforms in this Forces of the Republic of Kenya, area are focused on strengthening the institutions of democracy, public service, and the fight against During Jamhuri Day Celebrations corruption. Over the past year, freedom of expression and at Nyayo National Stadium [of] association have continued to be enhanced, while accountability in the public service contin- 12 December 2004 ues to be strengthened. Kenya is developing [into] a dynamic and peaceful democracy where Nairobi our differences can be resolved through dialogue. We should not be tired of talking to [one another] and expressing our views and ideas. This is the only way to unleash the ingenuity and resource- fulness of the Kenyan people. During the past year, this government embarked on an ambitious reform programme for the public service to improve efficiency of service delivery. In this regard, we have Criminals should not get away with crime. These introduced result-based management in the criminals live among us. Therefore, increased public service so that public servants are paid, collaboration between wananchi and security retained, and promoted on [the] basis of their agencies is crucial if we are to succeed in remov- performance. Public servants are there to serve ing this menace from our midst. the people who are their employers. Therefore, The government is also strengthening the the judgment of whether or not a civil servant is police force and other related security agencies to performing as per expectations will be made by ensure that the people of this country feel secure Kenya the people. in their daily lives. We are undertaking major In this respect, efforts are being made to police reforms to transform the police force into improve our judicial system in order to remove a service [that] is more responsive to the people. 47 delays in the hearing and determination of court We are continuing to strengthen police mobility cases. An efficient judicial system is crucial for a by providing them with more vehicles and equip- performing economy. We are modernising our ping them with more communication equipment. courts and increasing the number of judges During my address to the nation last Jamhuri and magistrates. Day, I noted that my government had laid the Another area we have accorded high priority foundation for reversing social and economic is the fight against corruption. In this regard, the decline. I called upon Kenyans to join hands in legal and institutional arrangements for combat- building on this foundation to transform Kenya ing corruption are all in place. We are now into a nation that works smart and one that equipped to deal effectively and systematically stands tall among the global family of nations. with cases of corruption. The institutions we Looking back over the past year, we have cov- have created have been empowered to fight ered considerable ground. This year, [the] gross against corruption and to ensure that corruption domestic product is projected to grow by 2.3 per- will no longer be tolerated in this country. Part cent, up from 1.8 percent last year. We must bear of the war against corruption has to do with [the] in mind, however, that our immediate target is honest declaration of the taxes that are due to the to achieve growth rates of over 5 percent in the government. As citizens we should all feel next two years. This is not beyond us. It can obliged to pay our taxes in order to build this be achieved if we all unite and work with a country and safeguard our independence. common purpose. With regard to the Constitution of Kenya Despite external setbacks, such as the high oil Review Act process, Parliament has now given a prices and drought, the economic indicators are clear road map for the completion of the process. positive. For example, in the first ten months of I have no doubt that consensus will be achieved this year, cement consumption increased by in Parliament, after which the draft constitution 10 percent, [and] energy consumption went up will be presented to the Kenyan people to pass by 8 percent, while oil consumption rose by 9 their verdict through a referendum. Let us all percent. Private-sector borrowing also increased work together to realise this important milestone by 18 percent. These are good signs that the so that we can have the constitution we have economy is growing. patiently been waiting for. In the agricultural sector, the government has Security is of paramount importance. Crimes implemented a wide range of reforms. These such as robbery with violence, [and the] rape and include empowering farmers by making credit abuse of children are still of serious concern, more accessible, reviving agricultural institutions, especially in the urban areas. I am encouraged to streamlining the cooperative movement, and note that the police have come up with innova- improving extension services. tive ways of dealing with these crimes. We We are now reaping the benefits of the bold should, however, be persistent in this fight. actions we have taken. Sugar production has

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 increased to 500,000 metric tonnes, from about From now on, an investor will need to visit a 400,000 metric tonnes. Milk processing by the single point [to] apply for an investment certifi- Kenya Cooperative Creameries has also increased cate instead of [the] eighteen different licenses from 50,000 to 300,000 litres. Furthermore, that were required before. We have also made it export earnings from tea grew by 25 percent to easier for investors to secure visas and [the] nec- Kshs. 34 billion. essary immigration permits. We have continued In spite of this improved performance, we to expand our market opportunities in the region. should now invest more in agricultural process- [The] East African Customs Union will take ing to expand job opportunities and increase the effect next month. value of our exports. I recently visited several There are now good prospects for peace and 48 projects and witnessed firsthand the great strides stability in Somalia and Sudan, which will further some of our industrialists and cooperatives are open up new market opportunities. We have also making in this area. We must also urgently successfully lobbied for the extension of the streamline our cooperatives, which are the per- African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA). I fect vehicle for industrialisation through agricul- urge Kenyans to [take advantage of] the benefits tural processing. created by these new opportunities. However, the agricultural sector continues to The tourism sector is experiencing significant be vulnerable to erratic weather conditions. The growth. This is [the] result of successful promo- government is therefore giving priority to the tional efforts by the government and the peace rehabilitation and development of irrigation and stability this country is enjoying. We have schemes in order to reduce reliance on rain-fed also focused on nontraditional markets such as agriculture. We are also giving priority to the Asia and the Far East. It is gratifying that the rehabilitation of existing dams and water pans to Chinese government has accorded Kenya the assist communities, especially in the dry areas approved-destination status. This opens the way where water is scarce. for more tourists from China to visit our country. In this connection, we have begun a project We must bear in mind that tourism is a dynamic for [the] drilling and equipping of five hundred and sensitive trade. Therefore, growth of tourism new boreholes annually. These initiatives are the requires that we diversify and continu[ally] beginning of a nationwide move to ensure that improve our facilities and standards to maintain Kenyans have adequate water. Water is a right our competitive edge. Above all, we need to that all Kenyans should enjoy. Four decades after develop local tourism. In that regard, I encourage independence, Kenyans should not be trudging Kenyans to travel and know their country. up and down rivers and streams in search of With regard to education, we are now water. Piped water all over Kenya should not be a spending up to Kshs. 10 billion annually on free dream but a reality [for] all. This will lead to primary education. We have also increased improvements in health, food security, and over- bursary allocation for secondary schools. This all quality of life. current year, we have allocated Kshs. 770 million The total value of international trade rose to towards the Constituency Bursary Fund. At Kshs. 465 billion compared to Kshs. 426 billion university level, the government has improved the previous year. In addition, Kenya also attracted the terms and conditions of service for [the] investments worth Kshs. 9 billion. My govern- academic staff. We have also appointed an ment has now removed all bureaucratic con- inspection board to review public universities and straints that have in the past stood in the way of advise on necessary reforms. As we undertake this investors. We have effected a radical change in review, I wish to emphasise that our international the investment law. Investors will no longer be competitiveness depends on the quality of our subjected to long and tedious procedures in pro- education and training programmes. We want an cessing their applications to do business in Kenya. education system that produces global citizens who can get employment in any part of Sondu-Miriu II has been secured. These projects the world. are expected to yield an additional two hundred With regard to the health sector, we have, megawatts of power. over the last year, streamlined the distribution of We have also supplied electricity to seventy- drugs to hospitals, health centres, and dispen- six trading centres at a cost of Kshs. 950 million, saries. We are also improving infrastructure and under our rural electrification programme. staffing of health facilities. However, HIV/AIDS Kenya has continued to be a venue for remains a major challenge. We have continued in international peacemaking and dialogue. We Kenya our fight against HIV/AIDS through the preven- have facilitated the formation of the Transitional tion campaign and by making antiretroviral drugs Federal Government of Somalia. We are also more accessible. optimistic that by the end of this month the 49 The government inherited a huge portfolio of Sudanese peace talks will be comprehensively abandoned incomplete government buildings and concluded. projects. These projects include the National We were honoured to host the United Nations Youth Estate in Ruaraka, Nairobi, and the Security Council, the First Review Conference of Nyanza Provincial Headquarters. We should not the Antipersonnel Mine Ban Convention, and allow wastage of public funds through projects several other international conferences. We also [that] remain uncompleted. For that reason, the appreciate the support and cooperation from our government has developed a strategy for com- development partners. We value the spirit of pleting all these projects. This financial year friendship for our mutual benefit. alone, the government is completing one hun- Indeed, the strength of our development dred of those projects and the balance of ninety- depends on our ability to forge crucial partner- seven projects will be completed within the next ships. During the last decade, we have witnessed two financial years. the formation of economic blocs in Europe, Asia, In regard to infrastructure, the government and the Americas. Within the region, the leaders is continuing to rehabilitate and to expand the of the three East African countries have held country’s road network. Currently, twenty-four consultations on accelerating the establishment of road projects are being implemented at a cost of [the] East African Federation. This will enable the Kshs. 8.3 billion. Construction of the Northern people of East Africa to pursue a common vision Corridor, which is a transit route connecting [the] for development. I would like to thank our broth- Mombasa port to our neighbouring countries via ers and sisters of Uganda, Tanzania, Rwanda, and Busia and Malaba, has also commenced. In addi- Burundi for sharing this vision with us. tion, the government has been implementing the In conclusion, I would to like emphasise that Roads 2000 strategy with the support of develop- Jamhuri Day is a time for us to celebrate our ment partners. The project will be implemented freedom and renew our commitment to our in thirty-seven districts at a cost of Kshs. 7.6 responsibility [for] building this nation. Kenya is billion. Furthermore, in the last two years the a great country. I am proud to be a Kenyan. Let government has increased the maintenance fleet us all be proud of who we are and put our coun- of vehicles, graders, and loaders at a cost of try first for our common good. Kshs. 500 million to strengthen capacity for Finally, I am announcing today the release of road maintenance. 6,946 prisoners who were convicted of petty In the energy sector, we have embarked on a offences or were to serve sentences not exceeding major expansion of our electricity generation six months and are of good conduct. capacity. The Olkaria II geothermal plant has Thank you, and God bless you all. been inaugurated, [and] work on Olkaria IV will begin soon. Work on Sondu-Miriu Hydropower Project I has resumed, [and] the funding for

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 MALAWI Divider Page MALAWI 52 Today is a very happy day in my life. It is also an important day in the history of Malawi. Today is a day of joy and celebration for the United Democratic Front [UDF], the Alliance for Democracy [AFORD], and the New Congress for Democracy [NCD]. It is also a happy day for all Malawians because we have had our third multiparty general elections that have been free and fair and also peaceful. All Malawians have therefore a good reason to be proud that we have [reached] yet another milestone in consolidating our emerging democracy. Statement Made at the Swearing-In It is therefore with a deep sense of humility, joy, and fulfilment that I take this opportunity to Ceremony, The Road to Prosperity: thank all Malawians for the support you have given me. I am indeed overwhelmed by the A New Vision for Malawi, by His resounding victory of our three parties, the UDF, AFORD, and NCD, in the general elections. I Excellency Dr. Bingu Wa Mutharika, am humbled by the confidence which you have placed in me as your next president. I wish to President of the Republic of Malawi assure the Malawi nation that I do not take this for granted. 24 May 2004 I invited you, the people of Malawi, to join me and the First Lady in celebrating this Blantyre great occasion. I am also particularly privileged and happy to welcome to Malawi the heads of state and government from [the] SADC [South African Development Community] and COMESA [Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa] for sparing your precious time to come here to witness this occasion. I wish to assure Your Excellencies that I and my government greatly appreciate and value your coming to Malawi. Your presence here signifies the warm and cordial relations that exist between Malawi and your respective countries. It also sig- nifies the importance of the solidarity and broth- In order to espouse my vision for Malawi, let erhood that is being cemented in our two region- us look at the developments in our country dur- al organisations of COMESA and SADC. ing the past ten years. This has been a rich and Through our regional organisations, we have rewarding period for us. We have learned what become members of the same family. Through can be achieved if we are determined to change these organisations, we are birds of the same things for the better. feathers, and as such, we must flock together. The first phase, from 1994 to 1999, saw Malawi Therefore, your coming here is of great signifi- the transition from one-party autocratic and cance to Malawi and to me as its new president. oppressive rule to multiparty democracy. Our I also wish to sincerely thank His Excellency government was preoccupied with changing the Dr. Bakili Muluzi for the confidence [he] has mind-set and institutions for democracy so that 53 placed in me and for his kind support materially we Malawians can begin to believe in ourselves. and morally during the run-up to my election to Within a short period of time, Dr. Muluzi has this high office. My family and I, as well as all my transformed our country from the oppressive relatives, are deeply grateful to him for this act of one-party rule to multiparty democracy and has great magnanimity. also placed our nation on the list of emerging Let me also warmly thank the UDF National democracies in Africa. Executive Committee for unanimously electing The second phase, from 1999 to 2004, saw me by secret ballot [as] your presidential candi- the consolidation of institutions for democracy, date during our national convention last year. I economic transformation, and social enhance- wish to assure you that I shall live up to your ment. We have at the same time strengthened the expectations. structures of our economy, human rights, the rule I also wish to thank most sincerely Dr. of law, and fundamental freedoms. During this Chakufwa Chihana and the entire membership of phase, Dr. Muluzi has transformed our country AFORD for the support you have given me. You from an international pariah to a nation that have worked very hard during the campaign and has gained the respect of the international com- have spent sleepless nights during the period munity. More important, [presently] there is no leading to the general elections. political detainee in our jails. This is a remark- To Dr. Hetherwick Ntaba, I also say thank able achievement. you very much for withdrawing from the presi- The third phase, from 2004 to 2009, will dential race in order to support me. The support indeed be a very exciting period for Malawi. We of your membership is also deeply appreciated. shall see the emergence of Malawi from poverty to prosperity. Building on the solid experience MY VISION FOR MALAWI we have gained in the past ten years, we are ready to utilise the institutions and structures for eco- Let me start my speech by outlining my vision nomic transition to empower our people, espe- for Malawi. I am very optimistic that Malawi will cially the rural poor, to stand on their own by get out of poverty and begin to attain sustainable introducing a number of income-generating growth and development. programmes and activities. As I take over the mantle of leadership of our My vision is to see our country resume eco- country, I am acutely aware of the immense chal- nomic growth fast enough to bring about pros- lenges and problems that I shall face. I am also perity, to reduce poverty significantly, and to aware that my country expects a lot from me. make life better for everyone. It is also my vision However, I am cognizant of the fact that to see that our country transforms from being a Malawians are tired of being poor and want to predominantly importing and consuming country move on to prosperity. Therefore, this is a chal- to being a predominantly producing and export- lenge I am ready and willing to accept. ing country, and to gradually emerge as an indus-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 trial nation capable of transforming our and developing [a] national capacity to resuscitate agricultural primary commodities, other raw economic growth. materials, and minerals so as to create new I shall discuss these priorities in some detail wealth for our people. later. For the moment, let me underscore the In order to realise this vision, my mission is to fact that this political platform lays down a clear instil confidence in the economy and to persuade path for sustainable macroeconomic growth Malawians to believe in ourselves [so] that we can that addresses the issue of poverty in our country. achieve macroeconomic growth and reduce I believe that the new reforms are the sine poverty through sound financial management and qua non for effectively implementing the fiscal prudence. My mission is also to create more UDF/AFORD/NCD Manifesto and will be the 54 jobs and to distribute income by promoting sig- basis for a new Malawi Economic Programme nificant domestic and foreign financing and that can be fully supported by the International investment in our agricultural processing, indus- Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. trial production, and manufacturing, thereby The other objective of the reforms is to increasing the supply of goods and services for strengthen our relations with the donor commu- the domestic and international markets. nity and to rebuild confidence and trust in our government’s commitment to implement the OUR COLLECTIVE CHALLENGE Malawi Economic Growth Strategy, the Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative, the I now turn to the challenges facing Malawi. My Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy (MPRS), the point of departure is to state that Malawi is not a New Partnership for Africa’s Development poor country. But it is the people of Malawi who (NEPAD), and the Millennium Development are poor. Our collective challenge, then, is to find Goals (MDG) of the United Nations. a new formula that can get our people out of poverty. Through practical experience gained CREATING STABLE during the past ten years, a national consensus MACROECONOMIC CONDITIONS has emerged that we need to develop a new set of priorities that will enable our country to develop With regard to achieving sustainable economic fast and to move out of poverty. growth, there is no disagreement that in order to However, I am very conscious of the resource create stable macroeconomic conditions, thereby constraints that we are facing. It is clear, therefore, kick-starting economic growth in our country, that we cannot do everything at once. My govern- fundamental policy reforms are needed in the ment will initially focus on four major priorities. public sector. The objective of such reforms The first priority is to implement public- should be to improve economic and political gov- sector reforms aimed at creating stable macro- ernance by instituting new systems of managing economic conditions for growth and instilling fiscal policy, public expenditures, domestic bor- donor confidence in our ability to adhere to rowing, interest rates, inflation, and exchange international commitments. rates. The objective of such reforms shall be to The second priority is to introduce deep- create stable macroeconomic conditions for rooted private-sector reforms aimed at develop- attaining sustainable economic growth, poverty ing and strengthening business enterprises to alleviation, and economic prosperity. contribute more positively to economic growth. The UDF/AFORD/NCD Manifesto stipu- The third priority is to introduce new agricul- lates that economic prosperity in Malawi can be tural-sector reforms aimed at developing agricul- achieved only through the resumption of eco- ture and making Malawi a “hunger-free nation.” nomic growth and through proper management The fourth priority is to institute civil service of public expenditures. I, therefore, see the reforms aimed at improving the conditions of imperative of reforms in macroeconomic funda- service and professionalism of our civil servants, mentals so as to stimulate the production and dis- tribution of wealth. For poverty reduction to be • reviewing the number of state palaces effectively achieved within the foreseeable future, and residences in order to reduce public my government plans to have a GDP [gross expenditure. domestic product] growth rate of at least 6 Let me further elucidate the need for a smaller percent per annum. cabinet. To begin with, I am painfully aware that This can essentially be achieved through a reduction in the size of the cabinet is indeed sound economic governance that creates a stable a bitter pill to swallow, but the alternative is Malawi macroeconomic environment for [the] economic economic collapse and disaster. I do not believe growth and prosperity of our country. We shall, that Malawians want this to happen. I also do not therefore, design and implement effective policies believe that we the people of Malawi want to aimed at achieving low inflation, low interest 55 terminate our relationship with the World Bank, rates, and stable exchange rates. the IMF, and the international donor community. Our country is in the middle of a war against Therefore, I shall be asking Malawians to poverty, hunger, and deprivation. We have inter- accept a small sacrifice by having a lean but high- est rates that are high and unsustainable. Small ly committed cabinet that can deliver. In other and medium enterprises are priced out of the words, people will be appointed essentially on market, as they cannot afford to borrow at cur- merit so as to help move our country from rent rates. Exchange rates are unstable, and infla- poverty to prosperity. tion is still relatively high. This instability can partially be explained by TOWARDS A CORRUPTION-FREE our inability to institute fiscal discipline and NATION reduce public expenditure. We have domestic debt that is clearly unsustainable and is eating An important aspect of economic reform is to through our resources, thereby inhibiting stamp out corruption. Corruption is the enemy growth. In order to get out of this poverty trap, of growth and prosperity. It robs the government we need to reduce public expenditure and domes- and the people, especially the poor, of their tic borrowing. legitimate right to economic prosperity by Concomitant with the above, I shall adopt diverting resources away from economic and effective measures to significantly reduce public social development into the coffers of a few. expenditure, especially ordinary recurrent trans- Therefore, through a zero-tolerance option, actions, and eliminate domestic borrowing my government shall eliminate corruption by through stronger fiscal discipline in the alloca- implementing, inter alia, the following measures: tion, utilisation, and accountability of resources at all levels of public expenditure. • establish[ing] clear “performance criteria” In that regard, I shall institute measures and “benchmarks” by which government aimed at: spending will be regularly audited and validated by independent auditors; • reducing significantly the size of the cabinet • designing an efficient system of financial to be in line with our limited resources; management and monitoring the allocation • rationalising the functions and operations of and utilisation of all resources so that fraud statutory corporations to reduce over- can be detected as it occurs in the project or expenditure; programme cycle and prompt measures • maintaining tight budgetary controls to taken to address the situation; eliminate “below the line” budgetary items • ensuring swift investigation, prosecution, and to reduce travel expenditure; and punishment of public officers at all lev- • moving the residency of the president from els of responsibility who are found guilty of Blantyre to Lilongwe, where the capital city corruption, theft, mismanagement, and is located; and abuse of power in all its forms; [and]

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 • strengthening the offices of the Accountant windows of opportunity for the people of this General, Auditor General, Public Accounts country to take full charge of the economy and Committee, and the Anti-Corruption investment decisions. Bureau to ensure that officials and politi- This will entail reforming and restructuring cians entrusted with public funds act in a institutions for production, manufacturing, distri- transparent manner with regard to the bution, and trade so as to increase the production utilisation, reporting, and accountability of goods for the domestic market and for exports. of public funds. Such reforms will result in creating new jobs and hence reduce poverty. DECENTRALISATION I believe that the way forward for us is to 56 develop high-performing entrepreneurship— It is my firm belief that an important objective small-, medium-, and large-scale—to transform of the public-sector reform programme is to our economic and productive structures. This decentralise power to rural communities through would lead to the creation of new job opportuni- district assemblies. The aim is to empower the ties and increases in local and foreign investment district assemblies to design and implement deci- in both the productive and service sectors. sions that directly affect the rural communities. Clearly, no one will disagree that this calls for This is based on the recognition that effective well-focused private-sector reforms aimed at decentralisation requires political will, commit- creating an enabling and conducive environment ment, and professional competence [on the part for the entrepreneurs to respond to government of] civil servants, and [therefore], the reforms will policies and programmes for industrialisation of encourage sectoral ministries to delegate respon- the country. sibilities and resources to urban and district My government will therefore develop the assemblies. In particular: My government shall private sector by creating new opportunities support such devolution by the creation of a for many Malawians to start new businesses and sound financial base in the district assemblies thus become meaningfully self-employed and that will enable them to be transparent and financially independent. accountable. We shall build and strengthen the As an important element [in] the creation of human and institutional capacities within district such a conducive environment, my government assemblies to enable them to carry out the will also implement the Public Sector Investment enormous responsibilities that were performed Programme (PSIP), [which] is intended to create by central government. an enabling environment for private-sector devel- These measures will be accompanied by the opment through the development of infrastruc- devolution of the management of basic social tures such as roads, railways, telecommunications, services to urban and district assemblies, includ- and energy. ing education, health, water, and roads. TAKING DEVELOPMENT TO WORKING WITH THE RURAL AREAS PRIVATE SECTOR Through many years of experience in other When I look at the prosperity of Malawi through countries, I am convinced that an integral part of the eyes of the private sector, I am convinced that private-sector reforms is to shift the development the road map to prosperity dictates that we focus to rural communities. The rural area is the should have effective private-sector reforms battleground for the war against poverty. This that aim at creating a conducive and enabling is because a larger percentage of our people in climate for domestic and foreign investment. I rural, urban, and peri-urban areas continues to am also convinced of the need to open up new live in abject poverty. Many of these communities have no access to basic social amenities such as PRODUCING ENOUGH FOOD clean water, health services, decent housing, and FOR ALL good sanitation. I am determined to change this by imple- It is a dichotomy that although Malawi is an agri- menting policies specifically designed to balance cultural country, we are unable to feed ourselves. economic and social prosperity between the I am determined to change this. I believe we have urban and rural areas. To that end, my govern- the capacity to grow enough food for all and to Malawi ment will create a special Rural Development produce other agricultural commodities for agro- Fund (RDF) of not less than K500 million, processing industries. Therefore, the focus of my specifically to provide soft loans to indigenous programmes for agricultural-sector reforms is to Malawians to enable them to start new businesses make Malawi a “hunger-free nation.” 57 or to expand existing ones. At the risk of stating the obvious, hunger and In order to make such a fund more effective malnutrition constitute the biggest challenge fac- in alleviating poverty, special priority will be ing our national development policy. I am con- given to the following households, in urban, peri- vinced that we cannot adequately empower the urban, and rural areas, that are presently facing people without giving them enough food to eat. tremendous economic and social problems: This will come about through the provision of improved agricultural inputs, such as seeds, fertil- • households headed by women who single- isers, insecticides, irrigation, extension services, handedly take up the responsibility of and marketing. raising and educating children without a I cannot therefore overemphasise that husband; Malawi’s future economic and social transforma- • households headed by elderly people with tion depends upon viable and efficient agricul- no financial means but who look after ture. In the new Malawi development paradigm, grandchildren whose parents have died of the UDF/AFORD/NCD, government will con- HIV/AIDS and other illnesses; tinue to give high priority to agriculture as the • households headed by small children who basis for maintaining sustainable livelihoods and are forced to look after other children [the] economic growth of our economy. because their parents have died and no one As an immediate solution to the food shortage is taking care of them; and problem, my government will continue to dis- • households headed by people with physical tribute free food to the poor, the elderly, chil- and other disabilities who struggle to make dren, people with disabilities, and those living in a living and to care for their families. abject poverty. It is the responsibility of any gov- ernment to feed its people. However, as a long- I want to implement this major policy shift in term solution, I shall shift our policy focus order to directly empower rural farmers to add towards enabling the people to grow their own value to agricultural and other products from the food and [to] be able to feed themselves. village communities. This will in turn create a We shall be guided by the old adage: Give a new system of economic and financial gover- person a fish, he will be hungry again, but teach a nance that gives more power to local leaders in person how to fish, and he will never be hungry the communities and that ensures that rural peo- again. We shall not only teach our people how to ple take control of their own destinies. produce more food, but we shall also teach them This loan programme will supplement other to do this more efficiently. ongoing projects such as the Malawi Social Therefore, in the new road map, high priority Action Fund (MASAF III), the One Village–One will be given to: Product (OVOP) programme, and the Malawi Poverty Reduction Strategy. • encouraging dietary diversification to decrease overreliance on maize meal, by

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 growing other food crops such as cassava, lous tobacco traders. It also resulted in our potatoes, rice, pumpkins, millet, and becoming chronically dependent on donors for sorghum; budgetary support. • increasing food production through winter I am pleased to say that economists in Malawi cropping and irrigation methods using low- agree that our country should not depend on one cost technologies. We shall supply more agricultural commodity for driving this economy. rural farmers with treadle pumps, sprinklers, There is also consensus that Malawi needs to and motorized pumps; break into the global markets if we [are] to sur- • removing all taxes on staple foods such as vive as an economic entity. maize, beans, meat, rice, cassava, potatoes, In consideration of this, the next few years will 58 and other food crops; see high priority being given to the diversification • expanding and strengthening access to agri- of industrial production and manufacturing in culture inputs, especially among women and order to increase the supply of high-quality goods other vulnerable groups by increasing the for the domestic and international markets. I number of “starter packs” in the 2004 plant- believe this is the only way forward for us. ing season and subsequent years to reach I believe there is a broad agreement in Malawi more vulnerable individuals; on the negative impacts on the economy result- • reducing the price of fertiliser and agricul- ing from the vagaries of globalisation. Therefore, tural chemicals to make them affordable to my government will diversify our economy by poor rural farmers; establishing a “basket of commodities” that will • facilitating the establishment of credit co- initially include cotton, tobacco, sugar, tea, rice, operatives or village banks and providing and paprika. financial support capitalisation of village- This implies that we shall anchor our macro- based credit schemes; economic stabilisation programmes on the per- • developing viable small-, medium-, and formance of these commodities in the interna- large-scale irrigation schemes throughout tional markets. The cultivation of other cash the country in order to tap the huge water crops such as fish, cassava, groundnuts, sunflow- resources of Lake Malawi, Lake Chilwa, the ers, and macadamia nuts will also be enhanced so Shire River, and the many rivers in this as to increase our export earning capacity, there- country; [and] by guaranteeing the stability of the kwacha. • introducing “water cropping” by encourag- In the pursuit of this new economic drive, I ing our people in the villages to construct shall place the highest priority on diversifying the small earth dams that can hold water for sources of foreign exchange through the estab- irrigation. Over time this will result in rais- lishment of an integrated cotton textile industry. ing the water table throughout Malawi, I plan to persuade local and foreign investors to thereby making even dried-up boreholes invest in several cotton-processing industrial sub- produce water. sets, such as:

DIVERSIFYING THE MALAWI • cotton ginning that will enable our country ECONOMY to fetch higher value for our cotton while at the same time selling cottonseed for oil and I now turn to the issue of diversifying the Malawi cake for livestock feeding; economy. This has become pertinent because an • cotton spinning that will enable our country error of judgment was made in the past when we to sell different varieties of yarns, thereby allowed our country to depend only on tobacco adding value to our cotton; for the major portion of our export earnings. • cotton weaving that will create possibilities This made Malawi seriously vulnerable to for establishing plants for manufacturing externalities and even machination by unscrupu- dyes using local materials such as paprika, as well as using cassava and rice to produce CIVIL SERVICE REFORMS starch; • cotton fabric printing that will introduce a Research conducted in this country has con- whole range of new designs suited for our firmed that an integral aspect of the road map for local conditions and for external trade; and prosperity is the reform of the civil service. The • garment manufacturing that will open up main objective is to introduce better conditions new windows of opportunity for our country of service [and] improved salary structures, espe- Malawi to produce a wide range of finished garments cially for the lower-level officials. We also need such as shirts, dresses, bath towels, bedding to adequately equip civil servants to become and linen, tablecloths, and a variety of uni- more efficient through training and skills upgrad- forms for civilian, police, and military use. ing, professional guidance, and motivation. 59 I have so much confidence in our civil service. I am sure Malawians will agree that the intro- Many of them are adequately educated but may duction of the integrated cotton textiles industry lack motivation and direction. I am convinced will, through forward and backward linkages with that civil servants can be motivated to become other industries, enable our country to create fully professional, patriotic, and efficient in thousands of new jobs for our people. We shall designing, implementing, monitoring, and also achieve a more balanced economic growth, evaluating our national development projects stable exchange rates, and better redistribution of and programmes. wealth and prosperity. With regard to other commodities in the bas- EDUCATION SYSTEM REFORMS ket, my government will increase export earnings from tobacco by adding value to tobacco through Consultations with experts in the education field [the] manufacturing of cigarettes, pipe tobacco, have revealed that a good early grounding in snuff, cigars, and cigarillos, [which] will also cre- education eventually determines an individual’s ate new jobs for our people. performance in career and business in later years. The sugar industry also needs to be given a It is for this reason that my government will con- boost by increasing investment in sugar produc- tinue to provide free quality primary education, tion and by introducing better technologies for because this has enabled many children whose processing so that our sugar continues to meet parents are poor to be educated. international standards. We are mindful that such phenomenal Similarly, the tea industry will be reviewed increases have created other problems, including and reorganised to contribute more positively to shortage of classroom blocks and teachers, lack the economic prosperity of our people. We plan of adequate teaching and learning resources, and to facilitate and to attract new investments while the challenges of motivating pupils and students improving the quality of our tea in the interna- to work harder and to excel. But we are con- tional markets. vinced that we have made a good start towards Concerning paprika as an important cash reducing illiteracy in our country. We have put crop, my government will give [it] higher priority in place appropriate policies to address the than has been the case in the past. I believe we teaching problems. can improve our exports of paprika, thereby My government will introduce reforms in the enhancing its contribution to our economic education sector that respond to our changing transformation. To that end, I plan to increase macroeconomic realities. First, we shall redesign investment in research, production, processing, the school curricula so as to train students in pri- and marketing of this crop and to encourage mary and secondary schools to look for business more farmers to grow this cash crop. opportunities rather than for white-collar jobs.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Second, business studies will be introduced the education, economic, and social sectors. We alongside ongoing vocational training, specifically shall remove all obstacles hindering the full par- geared at preparing the child at an early age to ticipation of women in the transformation of our become business oriented. country. Therefore, we shall: High priority will be given to the develop- ment of more institutions of higher learning. In • strengthen policies that remove obstacles for particular, I shall establish a new University of women and girls in the pursuit of education Lilongwe to increase the intake of secondary and skills upgrading; school [graduates] in our universities, thereby • consolidate the Girls Attainment of Basic building new capacities for development. Literacy and Education (GABLE) project by 60 We shall adopt a conscious policy for adapta- introducing new and more innovative pro- tion of science and technology for macroeconomic grammes that will not only keep girls in growth in our country. High priority will be given school, but will also make them excel; and to locally based research institutions to adapt and • build more girls’ boarding secondary utilise science and technology specifically designed schools to increase the number of girls to convert our agricultural primary commodities, having access to higher education. minerals, and other natural resources into new wealth. The government will also provide research In the business and economic fields, my gov- grants to our local institutions to develop new ernment shall financially empower women by food products from maize, millet, and sorghum, so creating special business and investment schemes as to diversify our dietary habits. that ensure that they have full access to loans and To achieve these objectives, I plan to convene credit, as well as training in the organisation and an education review conference before the end of management of business ventures. the year where all stakeholders in education and I also consider the rights and privileges of capacity building, including the opposition and women in the political, economic, and social the private sector, will review the education cur- fields to be an important aspect of democracy. ricula in our country. This conference will chart a My government will enforce laws against all new road map for the education sector. forms of discrimination against them. We shall reform the laws governing a woman’s property EMPOWERING WOMEN TO rights and inheritance as well as in the ownership PROSPERITY of family estates after the death of her husband to permanently stamp out the practise of “property I now turn to the role and contribution of grabbing” by relatives of the deceased husband. women in development. I am fully conscious that Furthermore, my government will strengthen the marginalisation [of] and discrimination and enforce the laws aimed at stopping violence [against] women in the development process is against women, sexual abuse, and the harassment not compatible with the new reforms. I am also of women and girls in homes, schools, work- aware that women have an important role to play places, and any other place. in the political, economic, and social transforma- tion of our nation. My government shall accord- THE YOUTH IN NATIONAL ingly intensify programmes aimed at removing DEVELOPMENT illiteracy, underemployment, and exploitation of women. We shall also place the highest priority The way forward for our country is to effectively on increasing the number of women in responsi- harness the potential of the youth and to equip ble policy-making positions. them with [the] knowledge and skills necessary My government will also give high priority to for their full participation in the social, cultural, addressing the problems of gender imbalances in economic, and political development of the coun- try. The areas of focus will be on skills training empowering others to be able to buy anti- for self-employment, preventive health services, retroviral drugs and to have good diets; and provision of recreational facilities. • special attention to the distribution of free More specifically, we shall empower the youth antiretroviral drugs and [the] encourage- by creating new opportunities for self-employ- [ment of] voluntary testing in order to ment by providing soft loans to enable them to prolong and preserve the lives of infected start their own businesses. We shall also establish Malawians; and Malawi new vocational and business training centres, • reducing the morbidity and mortality, par- especially for vendors, that will empower a larger ticularly among the most vulnerable groups, number of youths to stand on their own finan- through the implementation of the Essential cially through viable business ventures. Health Package and other national plans 61 In order to ensure that the young men and and programmes. This package will be women are fully involved in nation building, I delivered free of charge at the point of shall establish a National Development Service delivery for those who cannot afford to pay. for the Youth (NDS), whose main mission will be to train, equip, and empower our young men and Another challenge facing us is to ensure that women to participate effectively in [the] econo- people in rural communities, especially women, mic, political, social, and cultural development children, the elderly, and those with physical dis- of our nation. Through the NDS, our youth will abilities, do not have to travel long distances to a be deployed to assist in relief and rehabilitation, hospital or clinic, which must be adequately building and repairing homes for the poor, the staffed and well equipped to meet the basic elderly, and [the] physically handicapped, [and] health care needs. the construction of social infrastructures under In addition to HIV/AIDS, there is also the MASAF and other development projects. battle against readily preventable diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis, polio, syphilis, gonorrhoea, BASIC HEALTH AND THE measles, whooping cough, and diarrhoea. Our HIV/AIDS PANDEMIC approach will be to guarantee the provision of universal health under the Millennium Develop- In addition to poverty, Malawi is waging another ment Goals and to improve the access of the war, [a war] against HIV/AIDS. In that war, the rural and urban poor to basic health facilities. effective management of basic health and the HIV/AIDS pandemic has become essential for our THE RIGHTS OF PEOPLE nation’s economic productivity and survival. The WITH DISABILITIES HIV/AIDS pandemic is a human crisis that affects the political, economic, social, and medical struc- With regard to people with physical and other tures of our nation. [Thus], a holistic approach is disabilities, my government will adopt new pro- needed to adequately deal with the crisis. grammes that fully address the problem arising My government will consider the HIV/AIDS from the fact that over one million people with pandemic as a medical crisis, economic crisis, some form of disability in our country are political crisis, and social crisis. This implies deprived of the right to fully participate in the that there must be a holistic approach to the social and economic development of our country. problem because there is a correlation between They will be given new windows of opportunity poverty and difficulties in dealing with the crisis. to fully participate in the economic and social Specifically, the following will be achieved: transformation of our country. People with disabilities have the right to ben- • provision of free antiretroviral drugs to the efit from economic growth and prosperity. My poor, and financially and economically government shall enforce measures in all govern-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 ment institutions to remove all forms of discrimi- SECURITY, STABILITY, AND PEACE nation against people with disabilities. There shall be unimpeded access to job opportunities, Security, peace, and political stability are the promotions, and appointments to high positions. bedrock of democracy and development. My gov- They shall also have equal access to business and ernment will, therefore, ensure adequate security personal loans. and safety of all people in Malawi, their homes, People with disabilities shall be assisted in their business premises, and their investments. procuring hearing aids and sign language services, We shall not allow crime and violence to desta- Braille materials, and other such devices as will bilise our transition to democracy. make them perform efficiently in school or at Specifically, we shall: 62 work. We shall also introduce special sports for them. • recruit more police officers and provide ade- My government shall ensure that all public quate fleets of vehicles and communication buildings and public transport services shall be equipment to enhance mobility and the fitted with appropriate ramps and other such tracking of criminals; devices that will enable people with disabilities to • construct more police units, especially in the enter and exit such buildings and transport vehi- remote rural areas; cles with ease and comfort. • intensify training with emphasis on investi- We shall also encourage similar modifications gation capabilities and the maintenance of and facilities in privately owned buildings and law and order; and commercial vehicles. • provide more police vehicles and communi- cation equipment for highway patrols [and] STRENGTHENING DEMOCRACY residential patrols, and promote community policing. My government will continue to recognise the role of civil society in ensuring good governance. In addition, the government will introduce new Since the advent of multiparty democracy, the laws aimed at controlling the possession of illegal UDF government, under the leadership of Dr. firearms to clamp down on armed robberies, car Bakili Muluzi, has been extremely successful in thefts, and domestic and political violence. consolidating democracy in our country. We shall continue to guarantee freedom of INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS the press and of expression, and that there will be no closures of media organizations. We recognise I now turn to international relations. Malawi’s that human rights, the rule of law, and other fun- foreign policy has always been based on develop- damental freedoms are the bedrock of good gov- ing and strengthening our relations with our ernance. Similarly, the protection of the rights of neighbours in particular and the international every citizen to participate in the democratic community in general. In that regard, Malawi has transition and in the economic growth and devel- always subscribed to the ideals of the United opment of our country shall be guaranteed. Nations, the African Union, and regional eco- My government will also ensure that all people nomic groups such as COMESA and SADC. in Malawi, regardless of their financial or social I am also determined to make Malawi a better status, have unimpeded access to justice that is partner in these regional and international organ- timely and fair. Nobody will be above the law. isations. Malawi will also effectively participate in I plan to convene a constitutional review con- the New Partnership for Africa’s Development ference later in the year to draw up a new and the Millennium Development Goals of the Constitution that takes [into] account the devel- United Nations. opments during the past ten years. ONE MALAWI, ONE DESTINY economic leadership, and to work with all Malawians, including those in the opposition, in Before concluding my statement, I wish to a spirit of political tolerance, understanding, and emphasise the need for unity in our country. We reconciliation, thereby consolidating peace, har- have to believe in one destiny. I have outlined mony, security, and stability as the basis for [the] some of the top priorities that I believe can pull prosperity of our country. Malawi out of poverty. I have also charted the Let me once again thank Your Excellencies, Malawi new road map to macroeconomic growth, pover- the heads of state and government, the represen- ty reduction, and prosperity for our country. tatives of friendly countries, and the ambassadors As the new head of state and government, I and high commissioners accredited to Malawi for see my task as that of leading the people to pros- finding the time to be with us. 63 perity through consolidating and strengthening To my dear brother and friend Dr. Bakili the institutions for democracy and sound political Muluzi, I am eternally indebted to you for giving and economic governance. I see my role as that me the rare and unique opportunity to step in[to] of leading and guiding our people regardless of your shoes to serve the Malawi nation. race, colour, tribe, region, political belief, or My gratitude also goes to His Lordship the religion so that together we can forge ahead to a Chief Justice, for the excellent conduct of this better future. function. Let me also thank the Inauguration I am inspired by the assurances that the peo- Committee and all institutions and individuals ple of Malawi are ready to accept new political that have contributed to the success of this leadership and new directions for our economy inauguration ceremony. and that Malawians are willing to work hard to To all the people of Malawi, I say thank you attain prosperity and to make life better. for the trust and confidence you have [placed in] I must emphasise that the road to prosperity me by electing me to this high office of president demands our unequivocal commitment to work of the Republic of Malawi. I pledge to serve you hard, much harder in order to realise our com- with the highest level of dedication and integrity. mon vision. Our success will depend upon our To the opposition and some members of the ability as a nation to develop our capacity to kick- clergy, I am mindful of the fact that the campaign start economic growth, turn things around, cre- was sometimes hostile, cruel, brutal, and unfair. ate new wealth, and bring about prosperity. But let us now bury the hatchet and move for- As we move towards one destiny, a consensus ward to the future as one nation and one people. has emerged that Malawi will not be developed I therefore offer you my hand [in] friendship, and by foreigners. We, the Malawians, must take full I assure you that I am ready to work with you to ownership of our economy. We alone must de- transform our country to prosperity. velop our country. We alone must pull ourselves The past is for us to learn from. The present is out of poverty. Our future is in our hands. for us to manage. The future is for us to change. I assure the people of Malawi that I will use I therefore find it more befitting to end my the mandate given to me to transform our econ- statement by sharing with you the prayer of St. omy from being a predominantly importing and Francis of Assisi: consuming country to being a predominantly producing and exporting country, and to lead Lord, make me an instrument of your peace; them to prosperity. Where there is hatred, let me sow peace; I therefore pledge to unite the people of Where there is injury, pardon; Malawi, regardless of tribe, race, colour, religion Where there is doubt, faith; or creed, political belief or affiliation so that Where there is despair, hope; together we can build the kind of Malawi we Where there is darkness, light; want for ourselves, our children, and our grand- Where there is sadness, joy. children. I pledge to provide sound political and I thank you, and God bless you all.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 MALI Divider Page MALI 66 Today, September 22, 2004, our country cele- brates the forty-fourth anniversary of its acces- sion to independence. For me, this major event in the life of our nation is always a privileged occasion to renew our feelings of gratitude and to pay a deserved homage to all our heroes of the resistance, whose valiant fight lit up the way to freedom; to the trade union organizations and the associations and political parties, which car- ried the message of emancipation with courage and determination; and to all those elders who Speech to the Nation by His had to lead the first steps of the new state. While paying homage to all these pioneers, we do not Excellency Amadou Toumani Touré, forget all those men and women who continue today to add their contribution to the construc- President of the Republic of Mali, tion of a united and respected Mali. This year, we chose to celebrate our on the Forty-Fourth Anniversary of Independence Day with simplicity and contem- plation because of the constraints arising from Mali’s Independence the international state of affairs as well as from our national situation. On the interior level, the September 22, 2004 hazard from the locusts’ invasion remains at the center of our concerns. With regard to this Bamako threat, we never failed in our duty of vigilance. However, it is necessary to recognize that the invasion exceeded, in its breadth and speed, the most pessimistic projections. Mali assembled, internally and in urgency, important resources in personnel and material to block the spread of these ravagers. The battle against the locusts could not be carried out with conclusive results without the assistance of our friends and part- ners. It is my place to thank all the friendly coun- tries and organizations that responded promptly and effectively to our request for assistance. I also want to salute the sacrifices of the various teams, brigades, and village communities that are at small- and medium-sized organizations in the work in the field. I delight in the rush of solidarity field of social communication will be created. from the Malians at home and abroad, as well Thus, in addition to caring for patients, the as from the beneficent people and groups who multisectoral program of action against AIDS contributed financially and materially to the fight will provide employment to many young against the plague. The damage caused by the Malians. I would like to thank all the donors— locusts fosters in our compatriots legitimate con- the Global Fund, the World Bank’s International cerns about our next harvests. The consequences Development Association, the Joint United Mali of the invasion are not yet completely assessed, Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), but I personally pledge to take all possible meas- the United States Agency for International ures with the government to ensure the protec- Development (USAID), the African Develop- 67 tion of our country’s food supplies. ment Bank (ADB)—and the other technical and September 22 is a moment of strong unity, financial partners of Mali who, by their gesture, the metaphors of which are more than ever pres- express their support of Malian authorities and ent in the mind of all Malians. Each anniversary our policy in the fight against AIDS. date constitutes a useful point of reference to Education is one of the barometers of a measure how far we have come, to better assess healthy nation. I delight in the significant our difficulties, to examine our expectations, and progress made in the Malian schools during the to identify our ambitions. Our country has over- last two years in terms of attendance and results. come many obstacles, won many victories, and I encourage the government and the school part- prevailed over many hardships, thanks to the ners (teachers, pupils, parents, and NGOs [non- moral virtues of its daughters and sons and the governmental organizations]) to work toward values of culture and tradition that our fellow cit- maintaining these important advances. izens knew to preserve. It seems important to me I am committed to the welfare of all Malian to stress one of the values that strengthen our women and men. The objective is the satisfaction nation. I want to speak about solidarity: solidarity of all the people’s needs, not only those fulfilled in difficulty, solidarity in success. Solidarity pro- by commercial consumption, but also those aspi- duces self-confidence and clarity and makes it rations that are beyond monetary value, namely possible to progress together. dignity, peace, safety, and freedom. We have the It is in the name of this principle of solidarity chance to live in a stable country. It behooves that we intend to give a vigorous push in the all of us to work toward the consolidation of fight against HIV/AIDS in our country. Less this conciliatory political climate within the than one year ago, I announced to our compatri- framework of a consensual management of ots the negotiations that we were conducting public affairs. with the World Bank for the care and support of Political consensus is not a compulsory factor, AIDS patients. The multisectoral program of but rather a free acceptance by all activists of a action against HIV/AIDS is now ready. With the measure that encourages the observance of equa- support of the international community, there is nimity, restraint, and tolerance. In this respect, US$154 million, in effect 73 billion CFA francs, our population expressed a clear message through which will be mobilized in the fight against the results of the last public elections. By spread- AIDS. This financial assistance will enable us, ing their votes in an evenhanded way among the among other activities, to ensure the free distri- various political forces, they asked that the com- bution of antiretroviral drugs to patients and to munities be administered in agreement and in a launch a campaign of public awareness and edu- synergy of efforts. That is a vision I personally cation on a large scale toward prevention. Pilot share. And so I shall exert myself, always with the programs for testing and counseling will expand same fervor with regard to the political forces, to throughout the national territory, and local pursue this experiment, which allows the regular

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 operation of all our institutions and promotes the On this anniversary day, September 22, I have involvement of all in the search for solutions to a profound and loving thought for the Malians major national problems. abroad. I would like to repeat to them that, in the Mali is a country that aspires to peace—for progress of the country, they will be neither itself and all of its neighbors. It is in that light excluded nor marginalized. The new economic that we took the initiative to resolve the conflict context in which we are engaged, national and in Ivory Coast, which upsets our nationals and regional, offers them an opportunity to assert weighs negatively on our economy. To this end, themselves and a reassuring environment for we are delighted to have been able to contribute their investment projects. modestly to the success of the Accra Summit In forty-four years of independence, Mali— 68 [Accra III] through the successful organization of backed by a long and rich history and the values the meeting known as Bamako II. In this Ivory of civilization—was able to affirm itself in the Coast crisis, Mali chose to assume the only role concert of nations. I am sure that our country is that is its duty, namely to encourage the use of able to continue to give to the world as much as reason when passions are still heated, to magnify it receives. I express to all Malian women and the virtues of dialogue amid the crackling of men my faith in the future of our country and my weapons. In taking into consideration our vital sincere wishes for our collective well-being. interests (human, economic, and strategic), I To all I wish a happy Independence Day. am adamant that Mali more than ever supports Long live Mali in a united and prosperous Africa! peace and reconciliation in Ivory Coast, peace I thank you! for all Ivory Coast people, and peace for all the foreign residents in this neighboring and brotherly country. It is understood that all we undertake for Ivory Coast is done with the constant concern for the safety of our nationals and the protection of their goods. We will never veer from this position. Speaking about the sources of tension, I could not overlook the engagement of our armed and security forces in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, and Haiti. This participation in the missions of the United Nations, the African Union, and the Economic Community of West African States is the sign of our indefatigable commitment to peace. Outside the borders of the African conti- nent, we note a blaze of violence in the Near East and Middle East, especially in Palestine and Iraq. Our country reiterates its dedication to the peaceful resolution of conflicts and reaffirms its everlasting support for the Palestinian people. We also condemn terrorism in all its forms, with- out reserve, and most especially the taking of hostages, which nothing can justify. lieu, pour moi, de remercier tous les pays amis et organisations qui ont répondu, avec diligence et MALI efficacité, à notre sollicitation d’appui. Je voudrai Discours à la Nation, de Son aussi saluer l’abnégation des différentes équipes, des brigades et communautés villageoises, qui Excellence Monsieur Amadou opèrent sur le terrain. Je me réjouis de l’élan de Toumani Touré, Président de la solidarité des Maliens de l’extérieur et de l’intérieur, ainsi que des personnes physiques et Mali République, Chef de l’Etat, morales, qui ont contribué financièrement et à l’Occasion du 44ème Anniversaire matériellement à la lutte contre le fléau. Les dégâts provoqués par le criquet nourrissent chez 69 de l’Indépendance du Mali nombre de nos compatriotes légitimement des 22 Septembre 2004, Bamako appréhensions sur les prochaines récoltes. Les conséquences de l’invasion ne sont pas encore totalement cernées, mais je m’engage à tout Notre pays célèbre, ce 22 Septembre 2004, le mettre en œuvre avec le gouvernement pour 44ème anniversaire de son accession à assurer la sécurité alimentaire dans notre pays. l’indépendance. Cet évènement majeur de la Le 22 Septembre est un moment de forte vie de notre nation est toujours, pour moi, communion dont la symbolique est plus que une occasion privilégiée de renouveler notre jamais présente dans l’esprit de tous les maliens. sentiment de reconnaissance et de rendre un Chaque date anniversaire constitue un repère hommage mérité à tous nos héros de la utile pour mesurer le chemin parcouru, afin de résistance, dont la lutte intrépide a balisé le mieux nous pencher sur nos difficultés, recenser chemin de la liberté; aux organisations syndicales, nos attentes et préciser nos ambitions. Notre aux associations et aux partis politiques, qui ont pays a franchi bien des caps, remporté bien des porté, avec courage et détermination, le message victoires et triomphé de nombreuses épreuves de l’émancipation; à tous ces aînés qui ont eu à grâce aux vertus morales de ses filles et de ses fils, conduire les premiers pas du nouvel Etat. En aux valeurs de culture et de tradition que nos rendant hommage à tous ces pionniers, nous compatriotes ont su préserver. Il me paraît n’oublions pas toutes celles et tous ceux qui, important d’insister sur l’une de ces valeurs qui aujourd’hui, continuent d’apporter leur pierre à font la force de notre nation. Je veux parler de la l’édification d’un Mali uni et respecté. solidarité: solidarité dans la difficulté, solidarité Nous avons choisi cette année de célébrer la dans la réussite, solidarité qui permet d’avancer Fête Nationale dans la simplicité et la réflexion, ensemble et d’assumer ensemble, solidarité faite en raison de contraintes nées aussi bien de la de confiance en soi et de lucidité. conjoncture internationale que de notre situation C’est au nom du même principe de solidarité nationale. Sur le plan intérieur, le péril acridien que nous entendons donner un vigoureux élan à reste au centre de nos préoccupations. Face à la lutte contre le VIH/SIDA dans notre pays. Il y cette menace, nous n’avons jamais failli à notre a moins d’un an, j’annonçais à nos compatriotes devoir de vigilance. Cependant, force est de les négociations que nous conduisions avec la reconnaître que l’invasion a dépassé, par son Banque Mondiale, pour la prise en charge des ampleur et sa rapidité, les projections les plus malades du SIDA. Le programme multisectoriel pessimistes. Le Mali a mobilisé à l’interne et en de lutte contre le VIH/SIDA est maintenant fin urgence des ressources importantes en hommes prêt. Avec le soutien de la communauté et en matériel pour contrer la dissémination des internationale, ce sont 154 millions de Dollars, déprédateurs. La bataille contre le criquet ne soit 73 milliards de FCFA, qui seront mobilisés pouvait être menée avec des résultats probants dans la lutte contre le SIDA. Ce concours sans l’aide de nos amis et partenaires. C’est le

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 financier nous permettra, entre autres activités, de manière globalement équilibrée leurs suffrages d’assurer la distribution gratuite de médicaments entre les diverses forces politiques, elles antirétroviraux aux malades, d’impulser une souhaitent que les collectivités soient campagne de sensibilisation et d’éducation de administrées dans l’entente et la synergie des grande envergure dans le cadre de la prévention. efforts. C’est là une vision que je partage Des laboratoires pilotes de dépistage et de conseil personnellement. Aussi, je m’emploierai, toujours seront multipliés sur le territoire national et des avec la même ardeur en relation avec les forces petites et moyennes entreprises locales seront politiques, à poursuivre cette expérience qui créées dans le domaine de la communication permet le fonctionnement régulier de toutes nos sociale. Ainsi, le programme multisectoriel de institutions, favorise une implication solidaire de 70 lutte contre le SIDA, en plus de soulager les tous dans la recherche de solutions aux grands malades, offrira des emplois à de nombreux problèmes nationaux. jeunes maliens. Je voudrais, ici, remercier, tous Le Mali est un pays qui aspire à la paix pour les donateurs (le Fonds Global, la Banque lui-même et pour l’ensemble de ses voisins. C’est Mondiale [IDA], l’ONUSIDA, l’USAID, la le sens à donner aux initiatives que nous avons BAD) et les autres partenaires techniques et prises, en vue du règlement du conflit en Côte financiers du Mali qui, par leur geste, manifestent d’Ivoire qui affecte nos ressortissants et pèse leur appui aux autorités maliennes et à notre négativement sur notre economie. A cet effet, politique de lutte contre le SIDA. nous nous réjouissons d’avoir pu modestement L’éducation constitue un des baromètres de la contribuer au succès du Sommet d’Accra III à bonne santé d’une nation. Je me réjouis des travers l’organisation réussie de la rencontre dite progrès sensibles réalisés, au cours des deux de Bamako II. Dans cette crise ivoirienne, le Mali dernières années, par l’école malienne, en termes a choisi d’assumer le seul rôle qui lui incombe, à de fréquentation et de résultats. J’encourage le savoir prôner la raison quand les passions sont gouvernement et les partenaires de l’école encore vives; exalter les vertus du dialogue au (enseignants, élèves, parents, ONG) à œuvrer en milieu du crépitement des armes. Je persiste: au faveur de la préservation de ces précieux acquis. regard de nos intérêts vitaux (humains, Le bien-être des maliennes et des maliens est economiques et stratégiques), le Mali est plus le fondement de mon engagement. A travers que jamais décidé à soutenir la paix et la cette quête, il faut entendre la satisfaction de réconciliation en Côte d’Ivoire, la paix pour les tous les besoins des hommes, pas seulement ceux ivoiriens, la paix pour tous les résidents étrangers qui comblent les consommations marchandes, dans ce pays voisin et frère. Il reste entendu mais aussi l’ensemble des aspirations qui que tout ce que nous entreprenons en direction échappent à toute évaluation monétaire, à savoir de la Côte d’Ivoire se fait dans le souci constant la dignité, la paix, la sécurité et la liberté. Nous de la sécurité de nos ressortissants et de la avons la chance de vivre dans un pays stable. Il préservation de leurs biens. Nous ne varierons appartient à chacun de nous d’œuvrer en faveur jamais de cette position. de la consolidation de ce climat politique apaisé Parlant des foyers de tension, je ne saurais dans le cadre de la gestion consensuelle des passer sous silence l’engagement de nos forces affaires publiques. armées et de sécurité au Libéria, en Sierra Leone, Le consensus politique n’est pas une figure en République Démocratique du Congo, au imposée, mais plutôt l’adhésion libre de tous les Burundi et à Haïti. Cette participation aux acteurs à une démarche qui encourage la pratique missions de l’ONU, de l’Union Africaine et de la de la pondération, de la mesure et de la CEDEAO est le signe de notre attachement tolérance. A cet égard, nos populations ont indéfectible à la paix. Hors des frontières du adressé un message clair à travers les résultats des continent africain, nous notons une flambée de la dernières elections communales. En répartissant violence au Proche et au Moyen-Orient, notamment en Palestine et en Irak. Notre pays réitère son attachement au règlement pacifique des conflits et réaffirme son soutien constant au peuple palestinien. C’est aussi le lieu de condamner, sans réserve, le terrorisme sous toutes ses formes, singulièrement les prises d’otages que rien ne saurait justifier. En ce jour anniversaire du 22 Septembre, j’ai Mali une pensée profonde et affectueuse pour les maliens de l’extérieur. Je voudrais leur redire que, dans la marche du pays, ils ne seront ni exclus, ni 71 marginalisés. Le nouveau contexte économique national et sous-régional dans lequel nous sommes engagés leur offre une opportunité de s’affirmer, et un environnement rassurant pour leurs projets d’investissement. En 44 ans d’indépendance, le Mali, adossé à sa longue et riche histoire et à ses valeurs de civilisation, a su s’affirmer dans le concert des nations. Je suis sûr que notre pays est capable de continuer à donner au monde autant qu’il en reçoit. J’exprime à chaque malienne et à chaque malien ma foi en l’avenir de notre pays et mes vœux sincères d’un mieux-être collectif. A toutes et à tous, je vous souhaite une bonne fête d’indépendance. Vive le Mali dans une Afrique unie et prospère! Je vous remercie!

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 MOZAMBIQUE Divider Page MOZAMBIQUE 74 I would like to begin with a minute of silent prayer and meditation in memory of the deputies who died since our last meeting. It is with the highest honor that in fulfillment of my constitutional duty, I address the people of Mozambique to present the annual General State of the Nation speech. I have not come here today to present an evaluation of the eighteen years I have headed the presidency. I will have that opportunity at an appropriate time. These past eighteen years reflect the arduous work of the Mozambican people and government institutions Speech on the General State and the many difficulties faced together in our firm and determined march toward peace and of the Nation, From Reduction of progress. I am here today to present my ideas of what has happened to the state of our nation Absolute Poverty to Sustainable since I last addressed this topic on April 10, 2003. The year was marked by great realizations at Development, by His Excellency both the national and international levels. Our actions continue to be guided by the need to Joaquim Alberto Chissano, eradicate absolute poverty from the nation. The Action Plan for the Reduction of Absolute President of the Republic of Poverty (PARPA) continues to be our main tool in this fight. Last year, I traveled throughout the Mozambique, to the Assembly country, and I was pleased to observe that our people understand that success in overcoming of the Republic poverty depends on their own efforts. I was gal- vanized to see how hard our people work in the April 29, 2004 fields, trying to get the most out of the land. Our experience has taught us that development can- Maputo not be achieved without peace. Thus, our priori- ties continue to be the consolidation of peace and the reconciliation of the Mozambican family. Last year was also a year of many interna- tional events. One of those was the Second Summit of the African Union in Maputo, at which I was elected president of that organiza- tion. We have broadened our cooperation with The implementation of the five-year govern- various international partners. We were present ment program, which focuses on PARPA, is at various regional and world forums with the pur- yielding more and more visible results. This pro- pose of gathering financial support for the ongoing gram has significantly contributed to improving social and economic projects in the country. human conditions, as well as to the creation of an I am glad to present this annual General State environment favorable to rapid and balanced eco- Mozambique of the Nation report just when we have sworn in nomic growth. The exciting results of the recent the representatives from thirty-three municipali- national representative household survey, Inquiry ties, who were elected during our second munici- of Aggregate Family (IAF), show absolute poverty pal elections last November. The second munici- rates decreasing from 69.45 percent in 1997 to pal elections marked an important moment in 54.1 percent in 2003. This decrease was even 75 democratic elections. Congratulations to all rep- more visible in rural areas, falling from 70.5 per- resentatives and members of the new institutions, cent to 54.6 percent, while in urban areas it fell and I wish them success. I would also like to con- by 11 percentage points. gratulate all municipalities for the orderly man- In regard to rural areas, this reduction is ner in which the voting process was carried out. reflected in the improvement of the population’s The second municipal elections have shown that living conditions, particularly in the provision of Mozambicans are profoundly committed to con- basic community services. For example, in rural structing a just state and promoting respect for areas today, 91.7 percent of children, compared the freedom of all citizens. Peace, democracy, and with 74.9 in 1997, walk less than an hour to the national reconciliation are consolidated, and nearest elementary school. Likewise, 54 percent institutions are strengthened. Today, we live in of the population, compared with 40.1 percent in a democratic environment in which municipal 1997, has access to a health facility less than an representatives of different political parties work hour away. Improvement is equally visible in the together to improve the population’s living con- provision of drinking water. Five years ago, only ditions. This presentation also coincides with a 8.6 percent of the population had running water new cholera epidemic, which has caused many in their homes. Today, 15.8 percent of the deaths and grief among families. population does. We praise the health services professionals for Currently, 70.5 percent of families have access their love of others and for their efforts to save to a food market less than one hour away, com- lives despite the adverse conditions. We salute pared with 36.3 percent in 1997. In 2003, as a the doctors, nurses, lab technicians, administra- culmination of all our efforts in fighting absolute tive staff, triage managers, and others for their poverty, the gross domestic product increased by dedication and commitment to this work. We 7.1 percent compared with 2002. This is concur- also salute the general population and communi- rent with the established goals. This growth is ties for assisting their families and friends in get- the result of combined efforts in PARPA priority ting adequate and timely medical treatment, and areas, such as education, health, and other vital we acknowledge the valuable contributions and areas of the economy, namely agriculture, fish- commitment of all organizations and partners in eries, and the mineral and processing industries. the fight against this epidemic. Their efforts have We are increasingly less dependent on foreign aid helped minimize the loss of lives. Cholera is a as a result of the growth in local production, and disease that results from a lack of hygiene and this has a positive impact on the state budget. deficient public sanitation. Thus, we should The progress contributed to an increase in pro- improve hygiene at the individual and community grams directed at fighting absolute poverty. levels, as well as improve sanitary conditions in We witnessed continual population growth in the cities, villages, and locations with greater the cities, causing overcrowding and increasing concentrations of the population. the levels of poverty. In order to reduce this flow

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 into urban areas, we have increased investment- Employment, and Youth Program—and by promotion programs for rural areas. In urban the National Institute for Social Action. The areas unemployment is the main cause of poverty. implementation of income-generating projects, Thus, one of our priorities is to increase employ- community development, and work benefits has ment through professional training and the cre- helped the population of remote rural areas living ation of small income-generating projects. in poverty. However, we are convinced that unemploy- Today, these projects have become community ment can be minimized by introducing programs development sites that promote activities to fight that motivate young people to become self- absolute poverty, as well as provide an alternative employed. These programs could be implemented to informal employment for women, youth, and 76 in rural areas to retain the younger population. It handicapped people. These projects have also is worth noting that foreign and local investment contributed to improved access to food markets, initiatives have intensified in all provinces, with schools, health care, corn grinding, processed positive results particularly in Manica, Cabo food, drinking water, and to the training of Delgado, and Niassa. women in different fields in order to become The new school curriculum is being imple- self-sufficient. mented this year, complementing theoretical Children are our priority. We were proud to knowledge with positive practical applications attend the Second Session of National Children’s that can assist students in creating income- Parliament, which welcomed 114 “foot-and-a- generating activities. half parliament participants” from all provinces. Despite the high levels of poverty in rural It was a unique moment for our children to exer- areas, progress is particularly visible in housing cise their rights, particularly the right to express and in the supply of water and energy. In the an opinion. Through this event, we became Mozambican cities, villages, and rural areas, an acquainted with the actual concerns of our chil- increasing number of houses are being built with dren, and we hope this information will help us conventional materials. This is the result of indi- improve our means of fighting absolute poverty vidual efforts as well as the development of ade- and securing their social well-being. quate policies. Although we know there is still a In the field of agriculture, our fight to reduce long way to go, we will continue to carry out absolute poverty is directed at increasing produc- activities that help reduce poverty in urban areas, tive capacities, and our success is remarkable, knowing that the development of rural areas is despite the drought and devastating climatic con- the basis for Mozambique’s sustainable economic ditions affecting the country for three consecu- and social development. tive years. The increase in agricultural produc- Despite the progress made in some fields, tion and productivity comes as a result of using absolute poverty is still a great concern. As noted high-quality inputs and adequate technologies, before, a little more than half of the population introducing strategies to reduce post-harvesting still lives in poverty and is unable to secure basic loss, maintaining food reserves for longer peri- subsistence for themselves and their families. It is ods, increasing local production, creating district therefore important that we continue to promote centers of seed/crop supply, and fighting plant initiatives to assist Mozambicans in creating pro- diseases and agriculture plagues. Other con- ductive activities to guarantee their subsistence tributing factors are the increasing levels of and improve their living conditions. Such initia- investments, the expansion of agriculture exten- tives should include practical demonstrations, sion services, and the growing involvement of education, and training in different fields. research institutions in assisting production. As This is the scope of activities carried out by an example of the work by our researchers and the National Commission for Social Reinte- technicians, we can cite the successful distribu- gration—through the National Social Action, tion of varieties of yucca seeds. The rehabilitation of irrigated lands in of the rural trade network, including informal Chokwe, Xai-Xai, Nante, Mucelo, and Mutange, trade, with the introduction of specific regulatory which use small irrigation systems such as pedal norms combined with measures to simplify and pumps, shows the level of importance attributed decentralize trade licensing by transferring such to irrigated agriculture as a means of reducing our competencies to the local authorities. It is worth dependence on irregular rainfall. Other remark- noting that, concerning the Agriculture Trade Mozambique able accomplishments in the field of agriculture Strategy adopted in 2001, the combined imple- are the launching of flower, rice, and soy pro- mentation of regulatory measures and incentives, grams; the development of small-size macaroca added to the increase of credit lines to small- and products for export; and incentives to produce medium-size businesses in rural areas, has led to fruit and fish. Promoting the development of an increase in trade of agricultural products. 77 aquaculture not only creates trade opportunities The current contributions of financial institu- but small-scale productions for local consumption tions and private companies, as well as the finan- and a source of family income. In the districts of cial support of the international community, are Changara, Chiuta, Macanga, and Manhica, train- living proof that trade of agricultural products ing and extension services have been implemented can be successful in an environment of partner- in order to increase family fish production. ship and competition, in which the role of the We observe with satisfaction the rational uti- government is limited to coordination, facilita- lization of wood resources and the start-up of tion, and follow-up. local wood-processing industries. This contributes We are pleased that with the implementation to an increase in the value of our products at of the Agriculture Trade Strategy we were able to home and abroad. identify issues and outline multisectoral solutions, The statistics on livestock show one million namely the rehabilitation of access roads, the gath- head of cattle and five million sheep. This repre- ering and organizing of market information and sents a 200 percent growth since 1992, which the pricing of agricultural products, and the dis- reduces our dependence on imports and opens up semination of this strategy in different native lan- an opportunity for exports. guages through community radio programs. I was Not long ago when we visited the districts and informed that all these efforts are teaching the other locations, we encountered a starving people how to better conduct their businesses and population complaining and asking for assistance improve their living conditions. Regarding the because they did not have enough to feed expansion of market opportunities for agricultural themselves. As we visit these same areas today, products, the fiscal measures adopted by our gov- we find a population that is not asking for food ernment are gradually contributing to increased but for markets to sell excess agricultural demand for corn and oily seeds by the local indus- products. Today, these people are asking for tries. We hope that the positive impact of these district and neighborhood banks in order to measures will continue to grow for years to come. deposit their money. They demand improved As a result of these efforts, in 2003 we traded roads, public services, water supplies, energy, 572,000 tons of various agricultural products— and telecommunications. namely corn, rice with peel, mapira, dry yucca, Under the current circumstances, we are beans, peanuts, copra, mafurra, and cashew attempting to distribute the excess agricultural nuts—an increase of 7,000 tons from the previ- products to areas in need, while also looking for ous year. Corn continues to represent 50 percent selling opportunities in the international markets, of total trade, which is why the government is especially on our continent, and we have giving this product special attention and search- achieved some progress. ing for profitable markets so that it will in fact Trade expansion in the agricultural sector is contribute to the reduction of poverty and create possible only through the continued development wealth among our people.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 The government is also working with various higher agricultural potential to have competitive sectors to promote local private initiatives and access to markets and also allow for greater partnerships with foreigners to increase agricul- mobility of people and goods to the poorest tural production for local consumption and for and most remote areas. Overall, the availability export. The government will continue to pursue of access roads and the duration of trips have and improve policies for promoting private initia- improved as a result of the increased number tives in food-processing industries in order to of roads in good or reasonable traveling condi- increase exports of high-value-added products. tion. However, it is urgent that regular road We must continue our efforts to improve the maintenance programs be reinforced and street link between production, trade, storage, and safety improved. 78 industrial processing through partnerships with Practically all requirements for the construc- private agents. Today, we cannot talk about our tion of the bridge over the Zambeze River, Ponte economic activities without referring to informal de Caia, have been fulfilled. It is unquestionable trade, particularly in rural areas, where it is part that the construction of this bridge is fundamen- of daily life. Thus, this activity is of vital impor- tal for the economic and social development of tance to the population because it provides basic the country and the region. The rehabilitation consumer goods and other inputs for production. of the Sena railroad Dondo-Muanza line of It is also present even in remote areas, where Limpopo, and the Cuamba-Lichinga and there is no conventional or formal trade. In many Cuamba-Entre-Lagos lines in the northern rail- locations, informal trade is the only existing com- road system was made possible by local and mercial network. Informal trade is an important external financial resources. Railroad rehabilita- channel for distributing agricultural products, tion is already contributing to greater circulation and it is carried out by both individuals and fami- of people and goods, as well as to the increase in lies. It is an alternative source of income for the distribution and trade of agricultural products. self-employed or the worker. With regard to telecommunications, network We are greatly pleased that the Mozambique coverage has increased, and a new cell-phone government, recognizing the importance of company was established. Thus, access to informal trade, is committed to finding mecha- communication as well as to information and nisms to assure that it is carried out in a legal and communication technology services is a reality in healthy environment. It is in this environment all provinces. and within the framework of public-sector We cannot talk about reducing absolute reform that legislation to simplify registration poverty without addressing the issue of access to and placement of agents shall be completed this drinking water. Our goal is to promote a sustain- year. The process includes creating an official able use of water, to increase the supply of drink- system of informal trade and developing proper ing water, and to provide adequate public sanita- infrastructures so that it may be carried out in an tion. In rural areas, there is a significant increase organized fashion. These actions should be fol- in the number of wells in almost all provinces. lowed by encouraging measures and incentives to Five years ago, 4,580,000 people had drinking stimulate voluntary support by agents, with the water. Today, 5,730,000 people do. This repre- contribution of institutions participating in agri- sents a 39.4 percent increase, which is close to cultural trade. the 40 percent increase forecasted for this year. The country is determined to construct, reha- Although these numbers show considerable bilitate, and maintain access roads. Road cover- progress, they are still unsatisfactory. We must age is gradually being extended to the entire ter- continue our efforts so that more Mozambicans ritory. Current interventions are directed at road have shorter distances to walk to get drinking expansion, while prospects for construction of water. Special attention should be given to main roads and secondary roads are being stud- Nampula and Zambezia, where population density ied. This strategy is intended to allow areas with is higher. I would like to praise the population and the enrollments among children and youth, particu- community leaders for their efforts in preserving larly of girls, we are widening access to basic and maintaining water resources. This helps to information about health and hygiene, maternity, reduce the number of breakdowns and allows for and food production, thereby improving the directing funds to the construction of new wells. quality of life. Once more, I invite everyone to join the govern- The illiteracy rate decreased from 60.5 per- Mozambique ment efforts, to increase their initiatives, and to cent in 1997 to 53.6 percent in 2003. It is worth use all their imagination to search for this pre- highlighting that the rate for women went from cious liquid. Let us look for ways to retain and 74.1 percent to 68 percent during the same pe- preserve rainwater. Let us build different types of riod. Access to basic education is one of the main water tanks, including cisterns and dikes. Let us priorities of our government. In what concerns 79 dig wells and holes. Let us use wind turbines, formal education, today both access to school and pedal water pumps, solar energy panels, and retention in school have increased thanks to the whatever else is possible from each population investments in the expansion of education facili- group, organization, and donor company. ties and training for teachers. Another area of vital importance is the supply The improvement in education is positive and of electricity to rural areas. Where it has already very encouraging. At the elementary school level, been installed, electricity is improving people’s data shows that in 1999, for each 100 children lives. It is attracting investments that generate between the ages of six and ten, only forty-four employment and consequently increase family had access to school. In 2003, for each 100 chil- income. We see this today when we travel dren in the same age group, sixty-nine now have throughout the country. Of the 128 existing access to school. After only five years, school district headquarters, 117 already have electricity. enrollment increased by 25.8 percent. In some districts, electricity has reached adminis- Mozambique’s economic development trative buildings and many other locations. These requires a strong educational system capable of numbers speak for themselves, and their impor- responding to the challenges of the growing eco- tance is visible. The population in those districts, nomic activity. In this regard, school curriculum villages, and rural areas feels that their lives are and professional training are being restructured improving. Despite this progress, we notice a to offer better and more opportunities for young weak private-sector participation in this activity. people and adults to find jobs and to be able to I would like to ask businesspeople to join the meet present and future demands. It is this kind public sector to ensure that electricity is made of education that should respond to the needs of available to a greater number of people in order qualified workers, reduce foreign assistance and to take advantage of the opportunities it can unemployment, and promote self-employment. bring. The conclusion of negotiations on the We are pleased to observe that there are a fees attached to energy supplied by Cabora Bassa growing number of efforts to promote higher Reservoir offers the possibility of restructuring education. Enrollment increased from 12,200 company shares, giving greater autonomy to students to 17,189 students between 1999 and the use of energy resources and benefiting the 2003, a 40 percent increase in four years. Female country and the region. students now make up 31 percent of the number Education is an important element in the of students, a 6 percent increase during the same eradication of poverty. The acquired knowledge period. The increase in the number of students and training of our citizens allows for more active was accompanied by an increase in the number of participation in finding ways to earn a living. We university teachers, from 1,350 in 1999 to 1,880 defend the development of a balanced and com- in 2003. prehensive education system that may lead to Expansion of higher education includes the economic and social progress. With a lower per- creation of technical institutes, which provide a centage of illiteracy and an increase in school link between training and production and which

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 will train its graduates to become entrepreneurs entire population, especially high-risk groups and self-employment advocates. This level of such as children, women, adolescents, the elderly, education will certainly increase our capacity to and people in underprivileged locations. respond to the needs of the national production The number of primary and secondary health sector and will accelerate our country’s develop- networks increased with the construction of fifty- ment. At the same time, we should continue to one health centers, seventy houses for health ser- invest in quality education at all levels by improv- vice workers, and the rehabilitation and expansion ing course content, methodology, and school of sixty health institutions, namely health centers, materials, as well as initial and continuous train- hospitals in rural areas and provinces, and general ing for the teaching staff. hospitals. As examples, we cite the new rural hos- 80 The November 2003 indicators of science and pitals in Mueda and Muxungue and the expanded technology published in Maputo reveal that hospitals in Mocuba and Gure. With regards to Mozambique must continue to invest in acquir- the health facility in Gure, the introduction of sur- ing and producing knowledge and technologies gery services elevated its category to rural hospital. for development. Our country has a Science and The rise in the number of qualified health- Technology Policy, which is developing scientific service workers and of investments in under- and technological innovations to meet the chal- privileged areas led to an increase in high-quality lenges we face. In addition to education, we are services and has helped reduce the average dis- promoting training and professional advancement tance to health facilities. Intervention outcomes in a joint effort with the private sector and socio- are very encouraging, particularly with regard to professional associations to reduce the imbalance the health of women and infants. Preliminary between supply and demand of employment. results of the Health and Demographics Inquiry I am pleased that Mozambican workers have of 2003 show a significant decrease in infant and completed training in various fields, with child mortality compared with the 1997 rates. achievement levels compatible with international Despite this positive trend, we must continue standards. With this training, these professionals working to reach the goals established by the were able to find jobs in projects at the Mozal United Nations Millennium Goals. aluminum smelter, the Sasol gas pipeline, and in The recent cholera epidemic, which regis- the sugar industries. tered the first incidence in Maputo in December In addition to professional training programs, 2003, contaminated a total of 19,624 people and centers for professional training were built in caused ninety-seven deaths by April 2004. This many provinces. However, due to the increasing corresponds to a death rate of 0.5 percent. Most demand for qualified workers, I call on the pri- provinces were affected, with the exception of vate sector to contribute by carrying out training Manica, Niassa, and Cabo Delgado. This mortal- and advancement programs in their own centers. ity rate is considered to be the lowest in the I am convinced that the ongoing programs to African continent, and we owe that to the rapid promote active participation of the population, intervention of the government. In fact, cholera such as self-employment and professional train- is a curable disease when diagnosed and treated ing for the unemployed, will be valuable in creat- immediately. All contributions in the fight against ing new jobs. cholera from citizens, national and international It is my conviction that a healthy population nongovernment organizations, and companies is what is needed to achieve social and economic were remarkable. development. Thus, by investing in the health of We are concerned about the spread of malaria, our people, we are contributing to the reduction HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis and other contagious of absolute poverty. diseases, which are adding to the heavy load of In 2003, we kept our promise of increasing diseases affecting the country. Malaria accounts access to quality health services to serve the for 40 percent of private clinic visits at the National Health Services, 60 percent of hospital- launched an aggressive intervention program to ized children, and 30 percent of deaths in hospi- assist and treat people infected with and affected tals. Malaria contributes to the increase of by the HIV virus. In this regard, a plan to pro- absolute poverty and has a negative effect on the vide assistance and treatment was approved to economy. That is why under the PARPA program help increase the number of people getting anti- our main priorities are to prevent, control, and retroviral treatment from about 2,000 to at least Mozambique combat malaria. 8,000 patients in 2004. The plan will provide The reinforcement and expansion of preven- better assistance to pregnant women infected tive measures include community mobilization with HIV and promote prevention of transmis- and awareness campaigns, individual control of sion from mother to baby. malaria by means of indoor and outdoor pulver- We will also have the means to provide better 81 ization, and the use of mosquito nets—an inte- assistance to people in the advisory and testing grated approach to control the spread of the dis- offices. Given the fact that 15 percent of the ease. One of the greatest challenges we face deaths caused by HIV/AIDS in 2003 were in today is the growing resistance of the malaria people under fifteen years of age, we think it is parasite to first-line medicine. Therefore, it is urgent that families, schools, and communities important to introduce adequate medicine and educate our adolescents and children. Once up-to-date treatment procedures. As these mea- again, I invite the entire Mozambican nation to sures are being implemented, we are attempting become involved in the educational programs to to expand our knowledge about malaria by combat this plague. searching for more efficient preventive methods. The Public Sector Reform program promotes In this regard, Mozambique participates in the good governance by improving efficiency, proce- international efforts to research and test a malaria dures, and administrative systems, thus reducing vaccine. While waiting for the results of this study, illicit access to public resources. Public-sector we hope to create a national capacity for health reform acts as a preventive instrument to avoid research and to develop health care services. corruption. The main objective is to ensure that Tuberculosis, which seemed to be under the state is equipped with strong, functional, and control, has reemerged in connection with the efficient institutions. HIV/AIDS virus. We must double our efforts to We have made visible progress in our efforts improve and simplify our means of diagnosing, to reduce the paperwork for landownership, as detecting, and curing tuberculosis so that well as for licensing industrial and commercial treatment procedures can be followed at the projects. With regard to the latter, we note that community level. many provinces have opened one-stop-shopping The HIV/AIDS pandemic is not only a set- offices offering a variety of licensing-related ser- back in our fight against absolute poverty in vices, which has stimulated private investment by Mozambique, but a national emergency. The rate reducing some of the existing barriers. Part of our of HIV-positives is growing at a dramatic speed. policy goal is to adopt procedures that promote Today, it is estimated that one out of seven adults good governance by decentralizing office build- in the country is infected. We need to increase ings and services, reforming public administra- our prevention programs and to provide adequate tion, boosting the capacity and efficiency of the treatment and assistance. In just a short time judicial and legal system, improving public safety, period, HIV/AIDS has become one of the main and eliminating corruption at all levels. This is causes of death in Mozambique. Despite govern- evidenced by the creation of internal mechanisms ment efforts to combat this disease, it is estimated to collect information about good governance. A that 84,000 people with AIDS died in 2003, but first step in this direction is the creation of the only 21,000 were either diagnosed or visited a Poverty Observatory, which will evaluate the health facility. Despite limited resources, we social and economic activities in Mozambique.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 The results of the ongoing National Enquiry adopting and implementing community policing, on Government and Corruption, which will be a new safety model for citizens that has had made public in September, will include public encouraging results. Equal efforts are being made opinion about government and corruption. This to reform the prison system by investing in infra- experiment and its application are relevant for structures for rehabilitation and social reintegra- the implementation of the New Partnerships for tion of convicts. The ongoing reforms to Africa’s Development (NEPAD). Mozambique improve police services include verification of was one of the first countries to join the African candidates’ qualifications, levels of education, and Peer Review Mechanism (APRM), a voluntary graduation from police schools. In September, option for the African Union member countries, the Academy of Police Sciences (ACIPOL) will 82 which promotes government practices in graduate its first group of police in the country, these countries. who will be integrated into the police service. Thus, we are prepared for the evaluation of Within the framework of the Strategic Plan the country’s governance that will be carried out for the Reform of the Police of the Republic of this year with the support of the Panel of Mozambique (PRM), actions are in place to re- Eminent Persons, an entity created by NEPAD. inforce the capacity of the Criminal Investigation This is a way of assessing our performance, com- Police to overcome the challenges of criminal plementing our efforts, and learning from the investigations. positive experience of other countries. We are deeply concerned about the data on We need to reinforce defense, security, and the kidnapping and trafficking of people, particu- public order to protect national sovereignty and larly of minors, and the increase in murders and fight crime. This can be accomplished by increas- the selling of human organs. These crimes are ing preventive measures, reinforcing technical abominations and aberrations to our moral and and operational training for policemen, educating cultural values and require thorough investiga- and training police agents, and by improving the tions at all levels of Mozambican society. We relationship between police and society. must not allow Mozambique to become a fertile The national agenda includes efforts to secure ground for inhumane acts. Government institu- and maintain peace in the country and abroad, tions in charge must reinforce the mechanisms with programs for enlisting, educating, and train- for fighting this evil and guarantee the physical ing recruits for the Armed Forces for the and psychological integrity of the population. All Defense of Mozambique (FADM). Within the accusations deserve to be fully investigated and government program framework, the FADM has given the right treatment, and suspicions should launched a project on production logistics. It is not be mistaken for facts. It is our responsibility an incentive for sustainable production that bene- as citizens to channel all information about suspi- fits PARPA by reducing its expenditures. The cious community activities to the institutions in government took another important step by pass- charge. We should also avoid the spreading of ing new laws to improve operations in the area of rumors or suspicions, which may spread panic national defense. Some of these laws outline the and create an unsafe environment. responsibilities and competencies of the Ministry These types of crimes have occurred elsewhere of National Defense, the organizational structure in our region and require the consolidation of of FADM, the establishment of a military acad- cooperative efforts by the police forces of the emy as a higher education institution for the SARPCCO (Southern African Regional Police FADM, and the regulation of medical and drug Chiefs Cooperation Organization) member assistance to the military and their dependents. countries. This cooperation includes prosecuting Special attention is being directed at communi- crimes beyond borders, ending violence, and ties engaged in preventing and fighting crime by stopping the proliferation of small handguns. We continue to expand areas of cooperation Magistrate’s Council for its introduction of rigor- with international police organizations. Besides ous measures of discipline and work ethic, lead- being a member of Interpol, we plan to join the ing to a reduction in the number of complaints largest international police institution, the and disciplinary cases. The recent government International Police Association (IPA), by approval of a new salary policy for the magis- September of this year. trates and legal agents had an important impact Mozambique The administration of justice is fundamental to on the justice system because it affected the the creation of a homeland, the preservation of agents directly. We hope this policy will have a peace, the development and consolidation of positive impact on the work, transparency, and democracy, the preservation of the rights and efficiency of the system. freedom of citizens, the fight for social well- Also worth mentioning is the improvement of 83 being, and the establishment of relationships working conditions in the legal institutions. based on respect and on socioethical responsibili- Investment plans in this sector include the con- ties. Our overall assessment of the activities car- struction of courthouses in five provinces. The ried out by the justice administration system dur- architectural and engineering plans are almost ing the past year is positive. Organized actions by complete, and the bids for construction are legal institutions and their remarkable efforts to expected to take place soon. Some district courts recruit and better train qualified agents and intro- were constructed or rehabilitated last year. We duce mechanisms for implementing and monitor- intend to continue this activity. ing the activities of the magistrates are in Despite our progress, many legal cases still progress. During 2003, the coordinated activities need to be resolved at all levels in the legal of relevant institutions in recruiting law school system, which is a cause of great concern among graduates and training them in the recently con- citizens. The system is still fragile, particularly structed Center for Juridical and Judicial Training in human resources and working materials, in led to an increase in the number of magistrates. addition to inadequate legal instruments to Not long ago, provinces lacked educated regulate conflicts and the inability to respond magistrates. Today, we are proud to say that all to many requests. An assessment of the judicial courts in the provinces, and some district courts institutions reveals a lack of oversight of the as well, have magistrates with higher education at work of magistrates and lawyers, thus denoting various levels. failures, particularly in inspection services. Progress in the judicial system is also evi- Therefore, we must make efforts to secure the denced by the 30 percent annual increase in the improvement of the administration of justice. number of cases that are brought to court by the We should concentrate on carrying out the people. We noticed that in the area of crime pre- actions outlined by the recently approved vention and retention, legal institutions have been Integrated Strategic Plan for the Justice Sector. able to control crime, as well as to curb its spread. We must find the necessary means for its rapid We would like to highlight that as a result of implementation jointly with our partners for implementing adequate measures at all levels of cooperation. Similarly, we call on the Council the judicial system, including the reorganization for the Coordination of Legality and Justice to of the general district attorney’s office, we were take the necessary steps to complete the long- successful in prosecuting highly complex criminal term strategic goal and bring about its positive cases that were prompting people’s indignation impact on future legislative policies. for their severe economic and social implications. We must ensure that the ongoing legal reform With regard to monitoring and supervising has its roots in the fundamental law of the the judicial magistrates and the Public Ministry, Constitution of the Republic. We must provide we would like to point to the efforts by the insti- the population with broad, comprehensive, and tutions involved, particularly the Higher Judicial solid justice that is compatible with our socio-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 cultural reality. Thus, the reforms already men- attracted many African, European, and American tioned should be broad, comprehensive, and artists and opened new markets for our cultural profound in clearly defining how the formal law products. and land tenure laws will coexist. The participation of Mozambicans in national Tourism is positioned as one of the areas and international festivals of this kind allows us more likely to contribute to the rapid develop- to project an image of peace, harmony, and com- ment of the country and become a means to fight mitment to development. absolute poverty. Due to its nature, this sector The preliminary stages of the Second can generate employment and create wealth National Festival of Traditional Music and Song, across many related areas. We are pleased that started in 2003, is gathering thousands of musi- 84 the progress made in tourism in the past year cians from across the country, allowing for a created 860 new jobs and added 772 more beds greater exchange of ideas and talents and a better to lodging facilities. Many tourist agents assist understanding of one another. communities with programs such as the construc- To foster creativity in the arts and interpreta- tion of public water fountains, schools, health tion, we can offer incentives for finding and pro- facilities, and new streets, which help reduce the moting new talents; we can give awards and level of absolute poverty. prizes for the most creative pieces in dance, the- We recognize the vital importance of bio- ater, literature, painting, music, and production. diversity as a means of subsistence for the majority In this regard, the increasing participation of the of local communities, and we are expanding the group Mecenas is very encouraging. Our efforts number of protected green areas by creating of to curb music piracy are part of the global fight the Quirimbas National Park, Chimanimani to improve the quality of cultural products National Park, and the Morromeu Buffalo offered to the public and to defend state interests Reserve. This concept was a result of the Ramsar and music industry artists. Convention on world green resorts of 1971 in Designated a cultural patrimony of humanity the city of Ramsar, Iran. by the United Nations Education, Scientific, and We are also collaborating with our neighbor- Cultural Organizations (UNESCO), Mozam- ing countries to form “cross-border” conserva- bique Island has received special attention regard- tion programs, such as the Grande Limpopo ing its efforts to find synergies for its conservation Transfrontier Park of Mozambique, South and enhancement with relevant international Africa, and Zimbabwe; the Libombos Spatial organizations. The results achieved, particularly Development Initiative of Mozambique, South with UNESCO, encourage us to continue the Africa, and Swaziland; and the cross-borders ini- Sustainable Human Development Program. tiative of Chimanimani, between Mozambique While our arts culture has progressed in many and Zimbabwe. ways, we have suffered the loss of many presti- Culture is a fundamental element for national gious individuals, such as poet Jose Craveirinha, unity, individual and group identity, and the musicians David Mazembe and Alexandre Langa, affirmation of the essence of Mozambicans. The and, recently, music conductor Justino Chemane Second National Festival of Popular Dance in and musician Gito Baloi. We must ensure that 2003 continues to increase promotional activities, their legacy, which symbolizes the essence of enhance cultural exchange, and initiate many Mozambicans, be preserved and valued. associations, groups, and cooperatives in the field. Sports are fundamental for the development Our people are increasingly active in promoting of man and society as a whole. Mozambique is a cultural events in the country. We are proud to country with a recognized culture of sports, and say that in 2003, the August Theater Festival in its athletes have been successful beyond our bor- Maputo and the Baluarte Theater Festival in ders. Maria Lourdes Mutola, our golden girl, has Mozambique were both successful. These events brought happiness to Mozambicans by winning six World Championships in the female 800- lenge, and negotiations are under way to decide meter indoor track. Our female national basket- how we will participate. ball team won the silver medal in the recent We continue to contribute to the peacekeep- African Women’s Championship, carried out in ing process in independent East Timor by send- our homeland. This confirms the increase in our ing military observation groups and technicians participation in regional and continent events. into various economic and social areas under the Mozambique The formalization of School Games, while supervision of the United Nations. In Comores symbolizing a celebration of the independence, is and in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we a sports manifestation for the youth that is worth have a modest presence of military observation, improving and preserving. Our goal is to identify and we continue to provide politico-diplomatic and follow up on diverse athletic talents. We support. These peacekeeping and safety inter- 85 already have some examples from the last School national missions are becoming a tradition, and Games organized in Nampula. There were 1,100 we are pleased to know that the morale among talented participants, who earned scholarships to the Mozambican forces is good. pursue their studies and the practice of a sport of Today, Mozambique presides over the African their choice. Union. Our presidency has made great progress Participation in sports encourages socializa- in establishing the commissions and institutions tion, strengthens friendships, teaches solidarity, of this organization. The African Union and develops cooperation. Within this frame- Commission, elected in Maputo, has already work, since April 2004, Mozambique has become been established. the “sports capital” of the Southern Africa On March 18, in Addis Ababa, we had the Development Community (SADC) by bringing privilege of presiding at the inaugural session of together more than 1,100 athletes under twenty the Pan-African Parliament with the participation years of age from eleven countries in Austral of distinguished deputies, including His Excel- Africa—a remarkable historic event in the lives lency, the President of the Republic. During this of our states and peoples. session, the African Parliament representatives The success we have attained raises the pres- were sworn in, and the president, Mrs. Gertrude tige of Mozambique in the world. This sentiment Mongella from the United Republic of Tanzania, was noticeable during the Second Summit of the was elected. We are pleased that the Parliament African Union organized last year in Maputo. representatives elected are mostly women. The progress made by the patriotic devotion of Another vital instrument for resolving con- Mozambicans in organizing this event brought a flicts and for peacekeeping on the continent is positive portrait of our country to the African the African Union Peace and Security Council, continent. which was also established last March in Addis We acknowledge our increased responsibility Ababa. Mozambique was elected a member and is on the continent and in the world. The military now the president of this important institution of contingent stationed in Burundi, which is part of our continent. The protocol for the creation of the African Mission for Burundi and under the an African Court on Human and People’s Rights supervision of the African Union, is carrying out was also established. It is expected that the its mission with success. This force is made up of Economic, Social, and Cultural Council will 228 men, of which twenty are part of the High gather enough ratifications to be established. State Multinational Peacekeeping Command We have successfully presided over the Force. The United Nations will send a peace- Extraordinary African Union Summit realized in keeping mission to Burundi. In recognition of its Sirte, in Libya, where important decisions were excellent achievements, the Mozambican force made concerning the declaration of the chal- was invited to remain in the Great Lakes region, lenges for implementation of integrated and sus- as part of its mission. We have accepted this chal- tainable development plans for agriculture and

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 waters in Africa. The leaders also adopted the strategic importance to the African continent. Solemn Declaration on a Common African This partnership was formed to accelerate the Defense and Security Policy and agreed to estab- production of clinical products, such as drugs and lish an African Standby Force. The search for vaccines, among others, with the purpose of con- consensus in matters relating to lasting peace, trolling malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. security, and stability on the continent comple- We have elected Dr. Luisa Diogo as prime minis- ments the ongoing actions carried out in our ter of Mozambique, acknowledging her distin- region. Two examples are the adoption of the guished competence; it was one more tribute that SADC Mutual Defense Pact at the last SADC recognized the central and decisive role of Summit in the city of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, women in the difficult task of promoting the 86 and the work of SARPCCO. development of Mozambique. It is a pleasure to The New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- realize that this nomination is appreciated not ment (NEPAD) and the strategic and programmed only by the people of Mozambique, but also by goals for developing our continent are in progress. African men and women of the entire continent One of the typical projects is the development and of the world. of the Valley of the Zambeze, which has abun- Despite the diplomatic efforts in the inter- dant resources in agriculture, forestry, livestock, national economic arena, the conflict of ideas fishing, and mining. Linking our country to between developing and developed countries pre- neighboring NEPAD member countries is of vailed at last year’s Fifth World Trade Organi- vital importance. Efforts to eradicate absolute zation Ministerial Conference, in Cancún, poverty from our country earned recognition Mexico, particularly with regard to the need to from our partners for cooperation. They have open markets to our agricultural export products. shown confidence in the economic and social Developed countries insist on subsidizing pro- development programs we have adopted during duction and exports and maintaining other kinds the last few years. Such confidence is evidenced of support to farmers, to the detriment of the by the gradual increase of cooperation with our more efficient producers in the developing coun- partners. Their support is in compliance with the tries. In addition, nontariff barriers also limit the fundamental objectives and principles outlined in access of our products to international markets. the memorandum of understanding for the con- Thus, solutions to the problems that prevent our cession of direct support to the state budget and products from getting a greater and more advan- to the balance of payments. Fifteen partners for tageous access to international markets were cooperation participate in this program. It is postponed. Agricultural products such as cotton worth noting that for many partners, Mozam- and sugar will continue to get a fair price in the bique was the pilot country for this type of coop- international market. If negotiations are quickly eration, and we appreciate their support. We are restarted, there may be a solution to the current pleased to note that many countries have increased deadlock and a positive impact on the reduction their allocations of direct budget support. of poverty. Despite these problems, we praise the All these achievements help to raise inter- initiative of our trade partners in promoting our national confidence, as well as Africa’s, about the participation in international trade. Examples leadership capacity of Mozambicans. More and include the African Growth and Opportunity Act more Mozambicans—government representa- (AGOA), an initiative from the United States of tives, students, members of the civil society—are America (USA) that gives preferential access to invited to be part of international institutions. products from countries in the sub-Saharan Our compatriot Pascoal Mocumbi was recently region; the EU–ACP [European Union–African, invited to head the Partnership for Clinical Caribbean, and Pacific states] Business Assistance Experiments between European and Developing Scheme (EBAS), which includes everything but Countries, an institution of great prestige and weapons; an initiative derived from the Cotonou Agreement between African, Caribbean, and forum was created by a partnership between the Pacific countries and the European Union; and World Economic Forum and SADC. Many heads the European Union’s Generalized System of of state and government from the region and var- Preferences (GSP), which gives preferential access ious world economic leaders will be present. This to products originating from developing coun- forum has positively contributed to the agenda tries, particularly the least-developed countries. debates on development models such as the need Mozambique AGOA, for instance, offers many advantages to acknowledge that reduction of poverty is a of which we may cite customs-free access to global issue, not only affecting developing coun- United States markets of products from sub- tries but also industrialized countries, and that its Saharan countries. This helps increase the eradication is fundamental for sustainable devel- economies of beneficiary countries by increasing opment. Mozambique has been an active partici- 87 their exports, which in turn is an incentive to pant in this forum. The realization of the African local production. These initiatives also help Economic Summit in Maputo increases the attract foreign and local investments in the pro- opportunities to share our experiences and initia- duction and exports of goods covered by those tives with other participants and at the same time programs. The EBAS initiative offers similar exposes our country to initiatives that such invest- advantages of access to the European Union mar- ment attracts. Initiatives of an international nature ket to the least-developed countries like require the intervention not only of the govern- Mozambique and is also an incentive to seek ment but also of the private sector and the society comparative advantages of beneficiary countries. in general. Each of us is called to participate. Mozambique is no longer a country at war This year, the third general election will be and hungry. It has transformed itself into a coun- carried out. It is an event of utmost importance try where hope for a just society is materializing. and impact in the consolidation of peace and Day after day, thousands of anonymous workers democracy in the country. The people of establish solid roots in the development of our Mozambique will elect the president of the repub- economy. The community of nations recognizes lic and the representatives for the Assembly of our hardworking spirit and commitment to the Republic. building a better society, which has transformed Our experience has shown that the strength- our country into an important center of inter- ening of our democracy also depends on the national events. After the successful realization of quality of our participation in the election process. the African Union Summit last year, our country I would like to appeal to the voting population to has been asked to host the Fourth Summit of make the effort to fulfill all necessary require- Africa, Caribbean, and Pacific (ACP) states, a ments in order to be able to vote. We ask young platform of political dialogue and consultation people who have just turned eighteen, citizens between seventy-nine member countries. Its who have changed residency, and those who have importance resides in the opportunities offered to lost their voting cards to visit the registry offices its members for better organizing and articulat- to obtain new cards. After that, let us all vote. It ing their ideas. By reinforcing its political and will be an honor and a privilege for all Mozambi- economic identity, the ACP group can present cans to assure a massive turnout in the elections. itself as a consensual group and interact efficiently It is a duty for all deputies, political parties, local with its privileged partners from the European organizations, religious groups, and election cam- Union, as well as in all international forums, thus paign organizations to educate all citizens so that contributing to a gradual and harmonious inte- they understand and exercise their right to vote. gration of the group in the world economy. I have completed the General State of the Nation Another international event of great impor- presentation. The outcome of our work is positive. tance in Maputo is the African Economic Thus, it is with great pleasure that I can state, Summit, which will take place in June. This in the presence of the entire Mozambican nation,

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 from Rovuma to Maputo, from Zumbo to Indic, that despite the challenges we need to overcome, the general state of the nation is good. The lower levels of absolute poverty and the world prestige earned by our country give substance to our statement. We are certain that the path toward achieving our goal to eradicate absolute poverty is still a long one and requires the active partici- pation of all Mozambicans. It is fundamental that those affected by absolute poverty become 88 involved and work side by side with those capable of using their wealth to invest in development programs guided by the above-mentioned goal. Our involvement in this fight is not an act of charity. It is a contribution to individual and collective prosperity, for no rich island is able to survive if it is surrounded by a sea of poverty. We are committed to eliminating absolute poverty, and the results are visible throughout the country. With everyone’s dedication and selflessness, we will achieve greater success. I appeal to all Mozambicans to remain involved in this difficult task. The people of Mozambique have taken gigantic steps in the right direction. Together we shall overcome absolute poverty. acções, de forma particular, na luta para a redução da pobreza absoluta no país. O Plano de MOÇAMBIQUE Acção para a Redução da Pobreza Absoluta Informação Annual de sua Excelência continua a ser o nosso principal instrumento nesta luta. Joaquim Alberto Chissano, Durante o ano que findou, percorri o país e Mozambique constatei, com muita satisfação que o nosso povo Presidente da República de assumiu, plenamente que a vitória sobre a pobreza depende, em grande medida, do seu Moçambique, À Assembleia Da próprio trabalho e daquilo que ele fizer hoje. Senti-me galvanizado pela forma como os nossos 89 República de Moçambique, Sobre A camponeses têm dado o melhor de si próprios para extrair da terra o que esta pode oferecer. Situacão Geral da Nação, Por experiência própria, nós, Moçambicanos, sabemos que não pode haver desenvolvimento “Pela Redução da Pobreza Absoluta, sem paz. Por isso, continuamos a dar prioridade à Rumo Ao Desenvolvimento consolidação da paz e à reconciliação da família moçambicana. Este período, foi também Sustentável,” 29 de Abril de 2004, caracterizado por uma intensa actividade internacional na qual se destaca, de uma forma Maputo particular, a realização em Maputo da Segunda Cimeira da União Africana. Nela, fomos eleitos para a Presidência desta organização continental. Permitam-me que, antes de mais, vos peça qu e Alargamos a nossa cooperação com vários observemos um minuto de silêncio, para prece ou parceiros internacionais. Participamos em vários meditação, em memória dos deputados que fóruns regionais e mundiais com o objectivo de faleceram desde o nosso último encontro nesta angariar apoios aos esforços de desenvolvimento nobre sala. económico e social em curso no nosso país. É com elevada honra que me dirijo a todo o Sinto-me feliz por apresentar esta informação povo moçambicano, através dos ilustres anual, sobre a Situação Geral da Nação, numa deputados, em cumprimento do meu dever altura em que acabamos de empossar os novos constitucional de apresentar a informação anual órgãos locais saídos das segundas eleições sobre a Situação Geral da Nação. Não vim aqui autárquicas, realizadas em Novembro último nos para fazer o balanço dos 18 anos em que trinta e três municípios. assegurei a Presidência do país. Terei ocasião de A realização das segundas eleições autárquicas fazê-lo em momento apropriado, pois, esses 18 foi um momento alto do exercício da democracia anos representam o trabalho árduo do povo participativa. Felicito todos os titulares e moçambicano, e de todas as instituições do membros dos órgãos eleitos, desejando-lhes Estado, o enfrentar de muitas dificuldades, numa sucessos no seu trabalho. Felicito igualmente caminhada firme e determinada que nos conduziu todos os munícipes pela forma ordeira, cívica e à paz, estabilidade e progresso do país. pacífica como exerceram o seu direito de voto. Estou aqui, hoje, para vos falar sobre a As segundas eleições autárquicas maneira como vejo o que foi e é a Situação Geral demonstraram que os moçambicanos estão da Nação, desde a última vez que me dirigi a esta profundamente empenhados na construção de augusta assembleia, em 10 de Abril de 2003. um Estado de Direito e no respeito e promoção O ano de 2003 foi marcado por grandes das liberdades individuais dos cidadãos. A paz, realizações tanto a nível interno como democracia e reconciliação nacional consolidam- internacional. Continuamos a incidir as nossas se e as instituições fortificam-se. Por isso,

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 assistimos hoje a uma convivência democrática incidência da pobreza absoluta, que se situava em em que autarcas de diferentes partidos políticos 69,4%, em 1997, baixou para 54,1%, em 2003. juntos trabalham em prol da melhoria das A redução do índice de incidência da pobreza condições de vida da população. foi mais notória nas zonas rurais, onde a taxa A apresentação desta informação ocorre passou de 70,5%, para 54,6%, enquanto nas zonas igualmente numa altura em que o país se urbanas diminuiu em 11 pontos percentuais. confronta, uma vez mais, com um surto A nível das zonas rurais, a redução traduziu-se epidémico de cólera que tem causado luto e dor no melhoramento das condições de vida da na família moçambicana. população, sobretudo na provisão dos serviços Encorajamos a luta que dia e noite, em sociais básicos. 90 condições difíceis, com determinação, espírito de Para uma melhor elucidação, apraz-me sacrifício e de amor ao próximo, tem sido levada afirmar que nas zonas rurais, hoje, 91,7% de a cabo pelos serviços de saúde para salvar as vidas crianças percorre menos de uma hora de distância dos doentes de cólera. para alcançar uma escola primária, contra 74,9% Saudamos pois, os profissionais de saúde a em 1997. Igualmente, hoje, cerca de 54% da todos os níveis: médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos população tem acesso a uma unidade sanitária, das diferentes áreas clínicas e laboratoriais, nas zonas rurais, em menos de uma hora de pessoal administrativo, serventes, copeiras, caminhada, contra 40,1%, em 1997. gestores e outros, pela sua dedicação e entrega ao A mesma tendência verifica-se no acesso à trabalho. Saudamos também a população e as água canalizada, pois há cerca de 5 anos, somente comunidades que souberam apoiar os seus 8,6% da população possuía água canalizada nas familiares e amigos, permitindo que alcançassem, suas residências. Hoje, esta taxa subiu para 15,8%. em tempo útil, os cuidados médicos adequados. Actualmente, 70,5% dos agregados familiares Reconhecemos o valioso contributo e tem um mercado ao seu alcance em menos de empenho de todas as organizações e parceiros uma hora de caminhada, contra 36,3%, em 1997. de cooperação no combate a esta epidemia, Como corolário das acções desenvolvidas, sempre minimizando, deste modo, perdas de vidas com o objectivo fundamental de combatermos a humanas. pobreza absoluta, em 2003, a economia nacional A cólera é fundamentalmente uma doença registou um crescimento, medido pelo Produto resultante de insuficiência de higiene e de um Interno Bruto, de 7,1%, em relação a 2002, o que deficiente saneamento ambiental. Devemos, pois, está em consonância com a meta estabelecida. aumentar os níveis de higiene pessoal e colectiva Este crescimento, resultou do efeito combinado e melhorar o saneamento, sobretudo nas cidades, das áreas prioritárias do PARPA, especialmente a vilas e outros lugares de maior concentração educação e a saúde e os sectores vitais da populacional. actividade económica, com particular realce para A implementação do Programa Quinquenal a agricultura, pescas, indústria de extracção de do Governo, que tem como ponto central o minerais e indústria transformadora. Durante Plano de Acção para a Redução da Pobreza este período, verificou-se a continuação da Absoluta, está a produzir resultados cada vez mais tendênc ia de redução da dependência externa, visíveis. Ela tem contribuído, de uma forma traduzida pelo crescimento da produção nacional significativa, para a promoção do e da sua consequente contribuição para o desenvolvimento humano e para a criação de um Orçamento do Estado. Esta evolução permitiu- ambiente favorável ao crescimento equilibrado, nos realizar mais intervenções no combate à rápido e abrangente da nossa economia. pobreza absoluta. Por isso, é com satisfação que acolhemos os Assistimos ao crescimento do movimento de resultados do recente Inquérito Nacional aos cidadãos do campo para a cidade, pressionando Agregados Familiares, que indicam que a cada vez mais as zonas urbanas, aumentando aí os níveis de pobreza. Os programas de uma grande preocupação, pois como vimos atrás, desenvolvimento e atracção de investimentos para pouco mais de metade da nossa população ainda as zonas rurais têm sido intensificados para vive na penúria, incapaz de assegurar para si e diminuir o fluxo das populações para as zonas para os seus, condições básicas de subsistência. É, urbanas. Nestas zonas, o desemprego é uma das por isso, imperioso que continuemos a promover causas da pobreza. Neste sentido, a promoção do iniciativas no sentido de assegurar que os Mozambique emprego, através de acções de formação moçambicanos possam desenvolver actividades profissional e do desenvolvimento de pequenos produtivas que contribuam para a melhoria das projectos de geração de rendimentos, continua a suas condições de vida e do seu auto-sustento. ser uma das nossas prioridades. Estas iniciativas devem compreender Contudo, é nossa convicção que o incentivo demonstrações práticas, educação, formação e 91 aos jovens para desenvolverem actividades de treino nas suas mais variadas formas. auto-emprego pode ajudar a minimizar a É neste âmbito que se inserem os projectos problemática da falta de emprego. Estes desenvolvidos pela Comissão Nacional de programas devem ser promovidos também nas Reinserção Social, através do “Programa zonas rurais, com o objectivo de fixar a população Nacional Integrado de Acção Social, Emprego e jovem no campo. Juventude” e pelo Instituto Nacional da Acção É assim que as acções de atracção de Social que, através de projectos de geração de investimentos nacionais e estrangeiros têm sido rendimento, de desenvolvimento comunitário e intensificadas em todas as províncias, muitas de benefício social pelo trabalho, têm ajudado as vezes com resultados apreciáveis, como podemos populações das zonas mais remotas e vivendo em destacar, por exemplo, em Manica, Cabo situação de pobreza. Delgado e Niassa. Hoje, estes projectos constituem pólos de O novo currículo escolar, que entrou em vigor desenvolvimento comunitário e referência este ano, visa, em grande medida, complementar obrigatória de acções de combate à pobreza a formação teórica dos estudantes com práticas absoluta no país. Eles têm constituído uma produtivas, para melhor habilitá-los a desenvolver grande alternativa de acesso ao emprego informal actividades de geração de rendimentos. para jovens, mulheres e pessoas portadoras de Apesar de os níveis de pobreza nas zonas deficiência. Têm também contribuído para urbanas continuarem elevados, notamos que há criação de condições de acesso aos mercados, à progressos assinaláveis, particularmente no que escola, à saúde, à facilidade de farinação do diz respeito à habitação, acesso à água e energia milho, ao processamento de alimentos, à água eléctrica. Nas cidades e vilas moçambicanas assim potável e à formação de mulheres em diversas como nas zonas rurais, cresce o número de áreas de actividades por forma a tornarem-se casas construídas com material convencional. auto-sustentáveis. Isto é resultado de um esforço individual A criança é nossa prioridade. Foi com orgulho encorajado por políticas adequadas aos desafios que assistimos recentemente à realização da II que enfrentamos. Sessão do Parlamento Nacional Infantil, evento Temos consciência do longo caminho ainda que contou com a participação de 114 por percorrer. Continuaremos a desenvolver “Parlamentares de Palmo e Meio”, em acções que conduzam à redução da pobreza no representação de todas as províncias do nosso seio da população urbana, sem perder de vista País. Foi um momento ímpar de exercício pelas que a principal base de desenvolvimento nossas crianças dos seus direitos democráticos, económico e social sustentável de Moçambique é particularmente do seu direito a opinião. o campo. Através deste exercício, inteirarmo-nos das Apesar dos progressos que temos re gistado, a actuais preocupações das crianças, o que nos pobreza absoluta no nosso país continua a ser permitirá elevar a nossa capacidade de resposta

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 na luta contra a pobreza absoluta, garantindo Chiúta, Macanga e Manhiça de forma a alargar a assim o bem-estar da criança moçambicana. produção familiar piscícola. Na agricultura, cuja contribuição para a Registamos com satisfação a utilização redução da pobreza assenta no aumento da racional dos recursos florestais e o surgimento de capacidade de produção e da produtividade, não indústrias locais de processamento de madeira, obstante a seca e a estiagem que assolam o país valorizando-se o nosso produto no mercado pelo terceiro ano consecutivo, alcançamos nacional e internacional. A recuperação dos sucessos assinaláveis. nossos efectivos de gado situa-se em cerca de um A utilização de insumos de qualidade e milhão de cabeças de gado bovino e cerca de tecnologias adequadas, a adopção de estratégias cinco milh ões de cabeças de gado caprino, cifras 92 para a redução de perdas pós-colheita e que representam hoje, um crescimento na ordem manutenção das reservas alimentares por de 200% do efectivo nacional de bovinos, períodos prolongados, o incremento da produção comparativamente a 1992. Este crescimento local e criação de bancos distritais de sementes, reduz a dependência de importações a partir dos bem como o combate às doenças e pragas de países vizinhos e coloca-nos na posição de culturas permitiu o aumento da produção e da potenciais exportadores. produtividade agrícola. Em tempo não muito longínquo, quando Contribuíram igualmente para os sucessos visitávamos os distritos e as localidades do nosso alcançados o crescimento dos níveis de país encontrávamos uma população com investimentos, a expansão dos serviços públicos profundas marcas de fome pedindo ajuda por não de extensão agrária e o envolvimento crescente ter o mínimo com que se alimentar. Hoje, ao das instituições de investigação agrária no apoio à visitarmos as mesmas zonas, encontramos a produção. A título ilustrativo, podemos salientar mesma população, desta vez já não pede os resultados positivos da distribuição de alimentos mas sim mercados para a colocação dos variedades tolerantes à podridão radicular da seus excedentes agrícolas. mandioca, desenvolvidas pelos nossos Hoje, essa população exige o estabelecimento investigadores e técnicos. de Bancos nos seus distritos, nas suas localidades A reabilitação dos regadios do Chókwè, Xai- para guardar as suas poupanças quando logram Xai, Nante, Mucelo e Mutange, associada à comercializar parte da sua produção. Clamam promoção de sistemas de irrigação de pequena pelo melhoramento das vias rodoviárias e dos escala, como as bombas de pedais, demonstram a serviços públicos e pelo melhor abastecimento de importância que atribuímos à agricultura irrigada água, energia e comunicações. por forma a reduzirmos a dependência da queda, Nestas circunstâncias, a nossa política neste muitas vezes irregular, das chuvas. domínio centra-se na necessidade de assegurar o Constituem também esforços marcantes no escoamento dos excedentes agrícolas dos domínio da agricultura o lançamento dos camponeses para as zonas deficitárias do País, ao programas do arroz e da soja, a produção de mesmo tempo que se procuram novas flores e da maçaroca miúda para a exportação, oportunidades de colocação no mercado bem como o fomento da fruticultura e da internacional, em particular ao nível do nosso piscicultura. O papel promocional do sector contin ente, tendo-se já alcançado alguns avanços pesqueiro no desenvolvimento da aquacultura significativos. não se limita a actividades de ordem comercial A maximização do objectivo de expansão da mas incide também, e significativamente, sobre as comercialização agrícola só é possível mediante pequenas iniciativas de exploração piscícola, um desenvolvimento contínuo da rede comercial orientadas para a produção de autoconsumo e rural, incluindo, em particular, o enquadramento rendimento familiar. Já se realizaram acções de da chamada rede comercial informal, adoptando formação e extensão nos distritos de Changara, normas reguladoras específicas, combinadas com medidas de simplificação, descentralização e É em resultado destes esforços que, de acordo desconcentração das competências de com dados preliminares, podemos afirmar que no licenciamento comercial para os órgãos locais ano de 2003 comercializamos cerca de 572.000 do Estado. toneladas de diversos produtos agrícolas, É bastante encorajador registar que, no nomeadamente: milho, arroz em casca, mapira, âmbito da implementação da Estratégia de mandioca seca, feijão, amendoim, copra, mafurra Mozambique Comercialização Agrícola adoptada em 2001, a e castanha de caju, o que corresponde a um aplicação combinada das medidas regulamentares aumento de 7.000 toneladas em relação ao ano e incentivos aqui referidos, com a concessão de anterior. O milho continuou a representar 50% facilidades de crédito aos pequenos e médios do volume global de produção comercializada, o comerciantes localizados nas zonas rurais, está já que justifica a especial atenção que o Governo 93 a contribuir, claramente, para o alcance de níveis vem dedicando ao acompanhamento e à busca de crescentes da produção agrícola comercializada. soluções de mercado mais rentáveis para este O envolvimento de instituições de produto, para que ele venha a contribuir microfinanças e empresas privadas neste esforço e efectivamente para a redução da pobreza e o apoio da comunidade internacional na aumento da riqueza no seio dos nossos disponibilização dos necessários recursos camponeses. financeiros constitui uma clara demonstração de A acção coordenada e multisectorial do nosso que a actividade da comercialização agrícola pode Governo, com a participação de todos os ser conduzida com sucesso, através de parcerias e intervenientes neste subsector económico, visa promoção da competição entre agentes privados, também a promoção do surgimento e em que cabe ao Governo apenas o papel de consolidação de operadores privados nacionais ou coordenação, acompanhamento e facilitação. em parceria com estrangeiros, que contribuam Estimula-nos sobremaneira verificar que a para o aumento da produção agrícola orientada implementação da Estratégia de Comercialização não só para o abastecimento do mercado interno, Agrícola tem permitido a identificação dos mas também para a exportação e melhoria dos problemas e o desenho de soluções rendimentos da população. A promoção de multisectoriais que vão desde a reabilitação de iniciativas privadas na área de processamento vias de acesso, à recolha e compilação de industrial da nossa produção agrícola para informação sobre mercados e preços dos geração de produtos exportáveis de elevado valor produtos agrícolas, bem como a sua acrescentado, tem sido uma constante na disseminação, inclusive em línguas locais, com actuação do nosso Governo e vai ser prosseguida uso das rádios comunitárias. Temos indicações de e aperfeiçoada. que isto está a contribuir para dotar os Devemos continuar os esforços em curso no camponeses de conhecimentos fundamentais para sentido de melhorar a ligação entre a produção, uma melhor condução da sua actividade comercialização, armazenamento e produtiva e para a elevação do seu nível de vida. processamento industrial, através de parcerias Ainda no domínio da ampliação das com operadores privados. É, hoje, imperativo oportunidades de mercado para os excedentes falar do comércio informal sempre que nos agrícolas dos nossos camponeses, as medidas debruçamos sobre a avaliação do desempenho fiscais adoptadas pelo nosso Governo estão a global da nossa actividade económica. Isto é contribuir gradualmente para a absorção do particularmente verdade em relação às zonas milho e oleaginosas de produção nacional para rurais, onde o comércio informal é parte processamento industrial local, cujo impacto vai integrante do dia-a-dia do Povo Moçambicano. aumentando ano após ano, e esperamos que se Quero com isto dizer que esta actividade reveste- faça sentir de forma mais significativa ao longo se duma importância vital para as populações, na dos próximos anos. medida em que garante o abastecimento em bens

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 de consumo de primeira necessidade e outros, rede primária e terciária. Esta estratégia visa incluindo factores de produção, fazendo-se permitir que as zonas com maior potencial sempre presente mesmo nas zonas de difícil agrícola tenham acesso competitivo aos acesso do País, onde a rede comercial formal ou mercados, ao mesmo tempo que nas zonas mais convencional é inexistente. Em muitos espaços ao pobres e de difícil acesso, a mobilidade crescente longo do nosso vasto território nacional o das pessoas e bens contribui para que os comércio informal é a única rede comercial programas de alívio à pobreza alcancem os seus que existe. reais beneficiários. O comércio informal contribui sobremaneira De uma maneira geral, a acessibilidade e os para o escoamento de excedentes agrícolas dos tempos de viagem nas nossas estradas 94 camponeses, participando, desta forma, na continuaram a melhorar de forma constante em comercialização agrícola, tanto a nível individual todo o país, em resultado de um aumento como a nível de famílias. Constitui em si uma significativo da percentagem das estradas em fonte alternativa de geração de rendimentos pela condições de circulação boas ou razoáveis. Urge, via do emprego e auto-emprego. no entanto, reforçar os programas de manutenção É com grande alegria que notamos que o regular das estradas, bem como melhorar os níveis Governo da República de Moçambique, de segurança na circulação rodoviária. reconhecendo o contributo positivo do sector Estão praticamente asse guradas as condições informal nas diferentes esferas de actividade para a construção da Ponte sobre o rio Zambeze, económica, em particular nas zonas rurais, se tem a Ponte de Caia, cuja importância para o empenhado na busca de mecanismos que desenvolvimento económico e social do país e da conduzam a que esta actividade seja desenvolvida região é inquestionável. A reabilitação da linha num ambiente legal e saudável. É neste contexto férrea de Sena, no troço Dondo-Muanza, da e no âmbito da reforma do sector público que a linha do Limpopo e dos troços Cuamba-Lichinga adequação da legislação e a simplificação de e Cuamba-Entre-Lagos, no sistema ferroviário procedimentos de registo e enquadramento dos do Norte é resultado da mobilização de recursos operadores do comércio informal já estão em humanos e financeiros internos e externos. Ela já curso e queremos que se concluam ainda ao está a contribuir significativamente para a longo do ano em curso. circulação de pessoas e bens, bem como para o Este processo inclui, além da pura escoamento da produção agrícola e sua formalização do comércio informal, a criação de comercialização. infra-estruturas onde esta actividade se possa No domínio das telecomunicações, a rede de desenvolver de forma mais organizada. Estas cobertura tem vindo a crescer significativamente, acções devem ser acompanhadas de medidas de destacando-se a entrada em funcionamento de encorajamento e incentivos que estimulem a uma nova operadora de telefonia móvel. Por adesão voluntária dos operadores informais, com consequência, o acesso aos serviços de envolvimento de diversas instituições, comunicações e aos serviços de tecnologias de particularmente as que já operam na informação e comunicação é uma realidade em comercialização agrícola. todas as províncias do país. O país prossegue com determinação os Não podemos falar de redução da pobreza programas de construção, reabilitação e absoluta sem falarmos do acesso à agua potável. manutenção das vias de acesso. No domínio das O nosso objectivo é promover a utilização estradas, o aumento da cobertura tem-se sustentável da água e incrementar o estendido gradualmente a todo o território abastecimento de água potável às populações e a nacional, com intervenções que procuram provisão de saneamento adequado do meio. É assegurar a continuidade da rede viária, enquanto assim que, nas zonas rurais, registamos um potenciam a complementaridade das estradas da assinalável aumento de disponibilidade de fontes de água potável em quase todas as províncias do distritos, vilas e aldeias electrificadas sentem isso. país. Enquanto há cinco anos a cobertura em Sentem as suas vidas melhorarem gradualmente água potável atingia 4 milhões 580 mil porque têm energia eléctrica. habitantes, hoje ela atinge 5 milhões 730 mil, o Não obstante o avanço verificado na que corresponde a 39,4%, muito próximo da electrificação rural, notamos ainda uma fraca meta de 40% prevista para este ano. participação do sector privado na actividade de Mozambique Estes índices, embora representem um fornecimento de energia eléctrica. Gostaria de progresso notável, ainda não nos satisfazem. apelar aos empresários a juntarem-se à acção do Devemos prosseguir os esforços para que mais sector público no esforço de fazer chegar a moçambicanos percorram distâncias cada vez energia eléctrica a um maior número da mais curtas para terem acesso à água. Particular população, para que esta possa usufruir das 95 atenção deve ser direccionada para Nampula e oportunidades que ela proporciona. Zambézia, onde temos as densidades A conclusão das negociações sobre as tarifas populacionais mais elevadas. de energia de Cabora Bassa abre melhores Gostaria de louvar o imenso trabalho de perspectivas para a definição da nova estrutura preservação e manutenção das fontes de água que accionária da empresa Hidroeléctrica de Cabora tem sido levado a cabo pela população e seus Bassa, o que nos dará maior autonomia na líderes comunitários. Isto contribui para reduzir utilização dos recursos energéticos, em benefício a frequência de avarias, permitindo que o do País e da região. Governo concentre o investimento na construção A educação constitui um importante factor de novas fontes. para erradicação da pobreza. Os conhecimentos e Mais uma vez, apelamos a todos para que nos capacidades que a educação proporciona e juntemos aos esforços do Governo, desenvolve, permitem uma participação mais multipliquemos as nossas iniciativas e usemos activa e consciente dos cidadãos na criação da sua toda a nossa imaginação na busca deste precioso própria riqueza. líquido. Procuremos formas de captar e preservar Pugnamos por um desenvolvimento global e a água das chuvas. Construamos reservatórios de equilibrado do sistema educativo que funcione todo o tipo, incluindo cisternas e represas. como uma verdadeira alavanca do progresso Cavemos poços, façamos furos, utilizemos social e económico. moinhos de vento, bombas de pedais, painéis Com a redução dos índices de analfabetismo e solares, enfim, tudo segundo as possibilidades de aumento dos níveis de escolarização formal de cada pessoa, de cada grupo, de cada organização, crianças e jovens, com especial destaque para a empresa ou entidade benfeitora. rapariga, ampliamos as possibilidades para que Outra área de importância vital é a da largas faixas da população moçambicana tenham electrificação rural. A energia eléctrica está a acesso a informações básicas sobre cuidados contribuir consideravelmente para a melhoria da sanitários, saúde reprodutiva, produção de qualidade de vida da população, nos locais onde alimentos, entre outros aspectos importantes para já chegou. a melhoria da qualidade de vida. A energia eléctrica está atraindo investimentos A taxa de analfabetismo que, em 1997, se que geram emprego e, consequentemente, situava em 60,5%, baixou para 53,6%, em 2003, aumentam as receitas das famílias. É isto o que com especial destaque da taxa referente às vemos hoje quando viajamos pelo país. Das 128 mulheres que passou de 74,1% para 68%, no sedes de distrito existentes, 117 já estão mesmo período. O alcance da escolarização electrificadas. Em alguns distritos a electrificação primária universal é uma das grandes prioridades já atingiu vários postos administrativos e da nossa acção governativa. localidades. Estes números falam por si e ganham No ensino formal, aos vários níveis, são hoje expressão no terreno. As pessoas que estão lá nos maiores as probabilidades de acesso e retenção

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 das nossas crianças, graças ao investimento feito, formar graduados com habilidades, designadamente na expansão dos espaços conhecimentos e capacidades de saber fazer, educativos e na formação de professores. tornando-os empreendedores e promotores do A evolução dos níveis de escolarização revela auto-emprego. Este tipo de formação irá, uma tendência positiva e encorajadora. No certamente, aumentar a capacidade de resposta ensino primário, a evolução da taxa líquida de imediata às necessidades do sector produtivo escolarização mostra que, se em 1999 em cada nacional, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento 100 crianças, na faixa etária dos 6 aos 10 anos, acelerado do nosso País. apenas 44 tinham acesso à escola, em 2003 em Paralelamente, temos que continuar a investir cada 100 crianças do mesmo grupo etário, 69 na qualidade do ensino a todos os níveis, através 96 passaram a ter acesso à escola. Isto é, em apenas da melhoria da qualidade de conteúdos, quatro anos, as oportunidades de escolarização metodologias e materiais de ensino e formação aumentaram 25,8 pontos percentuais. inicial e contínua dos docentes. O desenvolvimento da economia de Os indicadores de ciência e tecnologia Moçambique exige um sistema educativo forte e publicados em Novembro de 2003, em com capacidade para responder aos desafios Maputo, mostram que Moçambique tem que crescentes da actividade económica. Neste continuar a investir na apropriação e produção sentido, a estrutura curricular e de formação de conhecimentos e tecnologia para o técnico-profissional está num processo de desenvolvimento. O nosso país conta hoje com reorganização com vista a capacitá-la a oferecer uma Política de Ciência e Tecnologia que deverá oportunidades diversificadas de enquadramento impulsionar o desenvolvimento de um sistema de dos jovens e adultos e a responder às exigências inovação científica e tecnológica adequado aos do presente e do futuro. desafios que enfrentamos. A par da aposta feita na É este tipo de ensino que deve assegurar a educação e de forma a contribuir para a redução satisfação das necessidades de mão-de-obra do desequilíbrio entre a oferta e a procura de qualificada, a diminuição da dependência externa emprego, privilegiamos a formação e o e criação de bases para a redução do desemprego, aperfeiçoamento profissional, em parceria com o promovendo uma atitude virada para o auto- sector privado e associações sócio-profissionais. emprego. Apraz-me constatar que trabalhadores Notamos com satisfação, que o compromisso moçambicanos foram formados em diversas de promover a educação superior para um especialidades e obtiveram qualificações número cada vez maior de moçambicanos é uma profissionais de padrões internacionais, que realidade. Registou-se um crescimento do possibilitaram a sua absorção em projectos como número de estudantes, em cerca de 40% entre a Mozal, Sasol e indústrias açucareiras nacionais. 1999 e 2003, passando-se de 12.200 para 17.189 Por outro lado, as acções de formação técnico- estudantes. A percentagem de estudantes do sexo profissional incluem também o reforço da feminino é de 31%, o que representa um capacidade instalada para o efeito, através da acréscimo de 6% no mesmo período. Este construção de Centros de Formação Profissional crescimento do efectivo de estudantes foi espalhados em diversas províncias. Porém, dadas acompanhado pelo aumento do corpo docente as necessidades cada vez mais crescentes de universitário, passando de 1.350 em 1999, para mão de obra mais qualificada, exorto o sector 1.880 docentes em 2003. privado a dar a sua contribuição, desenvolvendo A expansão do ensino superior privilegia a também acções de formação e aperfeiçoamento implantação dos institutos superiores profissional nos seus próprios centros. politécnicos, pois este tipo de instituições que Estou convencido que os projectos de inserção promovem uma ligação estreita no período de na vida activa que ocorrem com o apoio dos formação com as actividades produtivas, vai parceiros de cooperação e que consistem, essencialmente, na criação do próprio emprego e A recente epidemia de cólera, que iniciou em formação profissional de desempregados, irão Dezembro de 2003, na cidade de Maputo, prestar um valioso contributo na criação de mais atingiu, até 23 de Abril de 2004, um total de postos de trabalho no país. 19.624 pessoas e causou 97 mortes a nível É nossa convicção que uma população nacional, correspondentes a uma taxa de saudável constitui condição primária para o letalidade de 0,5%. Todas as províncias foram Mozambique desenvolvimento económico e social. Nesse afectadas, com excepção de Manica, Niassa e sentido, no contexto moçambicano, investir na Cabo Delgado. saúde das pessoas é contribuir para a redução da Os níveis de mortalidade continuam a ser pobreza absoluta. considerados os mais baixos de África. Para tal No ano 2003 manteve-se a priorização da concorreu a rápida actuação do Governo. 97 expansão do acesso aos serviços de saúde de Com efeito, a cólera é uma doença que qualidade de modo a abranger a maioria da quando detectada e tratada a tempo resulta em população moçambicana e, em particular, os altas taxas de cura. grupos de risco acrescido, nomeadamente as Nesta acção de combate à cólera, a sociedade mulheres, crianças, adolescentes, idosos, bem civil, empresas e organizações não como as zonas geográficas desfavorecidas. governamentais nacionais e estrangeiras têm dado O crescimento das redes primária e secundária um contributo importante. de saúde traduziu-se na conclusão, em todo o Continuamos preocupados com a persistente país, de mais 51 centros de saúde e 70 casas para propagação da malária, do HIV/SIDA, da trabalhadores de saúde e na reabilitação e tuberculose e de outras doenças transmissíveis ampliação de 60 instituições, dentre centros de que aumentam o pesado fardo da doença no saúde, hospitais rurais, gerais e provinciais. São nosso país. exemplos, a entrada em funcionamento dos novos A malária é responsável por 40% de todas as hospitais rurais de Mueda e Muxungué e a consultas externas do Serviço Nacional de Saúde; reabilitação e ampliação dos hospitais de Mocuba por 60% dos internamentos de crianças e por e Gurué. Em relação a Gurué, estas acções 30% da totalidade das mortes nos nossos permitiram a sua elevação a hospital rural, hospitais. A malária é um dos factores passando a oferecer serviços de cirurgia. determinantes do agravamento da pobreza O contínuo aumento qualitativo e absoluta, contribuindo negativamente para o quantitativo do pessoal de saúde, aliado ao crescimento económico. Por estas razões, as investimento realizado, traduz-se na maior acções de prevenção, controle e combate da disponibilidade de serviços de qualidade malária situam-se entre as principais prioridades crescente nas zonas menos favorecidas, e na no âmbito do PARPA. diminuição progressiva da distância média que a O reforço e a expansão das medidas de população percorre para chegar a uma unidade prevenção que compreendem dentre outros sanitária. Os resultados destas intervenções são aspectos, a sensibilização, a mobilização das encorajadores, sobretudo na componente da comunidades, a promoção de medidas simples de saúde materno-infantil. protecção individual contra o mosquito, o Os resultados preliminares do Inquérito controle deste através da pulverização intra e Demográfico e de Saúde de 2003, comparados extradomiciliária e a promoção do uso de redes com os de 1997, mostram-nos que as taxas de mosquiteiras impregnadas com insecticidas, mortalidade infantil e infanto-juvenil baixaram consubstanciam a abordagem integrada necessária consideravelmente. Apesar dessa tendência para o controle da malária. positiva, devemos continuar a trabalhar no Um dos grandes desafios que enfrentamos no sentido de atingir as metas do Desenvolvimento tratamento desta doença é a crescente resistência do Milénio das Nações Unidas. do parasita da malária aos medicamentos de

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 primeira linha. Daí a importância da introdução do número de pessoas que recebem tratamento de medicamentos mais eficazes e de normas de com antiretrovirais, de cerca de dois mil doentes tratamento actualizadas. para, pelo menos oito mil, em 2004, incluindo À medida que estão sendo executadas essas uma maior e melhor assistência às mulheres acções, temos tido a preocupação de aumentar o grávidas infectadas pelo HIV e a prevenção nosso conhecimento colectivo sobre a malária e, vertical da mãe para o bebé. Teremos, também, sobretudo, a procura de métodos mais eficazes como prestar um maior apoio aos utentes dos para a sua prevenção. É nessa óptica que gabinetes de aconselhamento e testagem Moçambique participa no esforço internacional voluntária. de investigação e testagem duma vacina contra a Constatando que do total dos óbitos ocorridos 98 malária. Aguardamos com muita expectativa os devido ao HIV/SIDA em 2003, 15% foram resultados destes estudos, que também menores de 15 anos de idade, reconhecemos ser contribuirão para a edificação da capacidade grande prioridade a educação dos adolescentes e nacional de pesquisa em saúde, importante factor jovens no seio da família, nas escolas e nas para o desenvolvimento sanitário do País. comunidades em geral. A tuberculose que parecia já em vias de se A pandemia do HIV/SIDA em Moçambique é controlar, actualmente reemerge devido à sua já uma Emergência Nacional. Assim, mais uma associação com o HIV/SIDA. É imperioso vez, convido toda a Nação moçambicana a redobrarmos esforços para a melhoria da envolver-se nos programas de educação para a capacidade de detecção de casos de tuberculose e prevenção e combate deste flagelo. para garantir a sua cura, através do uso de A boa governação é uma das condições regimes de tratamento mais simples, que possam fundamentais para o sucesso da estratégia de ser utilizados até ao nível da comunidade. combate à pobreza. A pandemia do HIV/SIDA constitui um A Reforma do Sector Público é um grande revés no combate que travamos contra a instrumento de promoção da boa Governação pobreza absoluta em Moçambique. Os índices de porque contribui para a melhoria do seroprevalência continuam a crescer funcionamento das instituições, aperfeiçoamento assustadoramente. Actualmente, estima-se que 1 das regras, procedimentos e sistemas de gestão e em cada 7 adultos no nosso país esteja infectado. desta forma reduzem-se as oportunidades de É necessário intensificar as intervenções de acesso ilícito aos recursos públicos. A Reforma do prevenção e complementá-las com cuidados e Sector Público é um instrumento de combate à tratamento adequados. corrupção pela via da prevenção. O principal Em pouco tempo o HIV/SIDA tornou-se objectivo deste processo é assegurar que o nosso numa das principais causas da mortalidade em Estado esteja munido de instituições fortes, Moçambique. Não obstante os esforços do funcionais e eficazes. Governo no combate a esta doença, estima-se No tocante à desburocratização, são que em 2003 cerca de 84 mil pessoas terão notórios os esforços empreendidos na redução morrido devido ao HIV/SIDA no país. Destas, da obtenção do direito de uso e aproveitamento apenas 21 mil foram diagnosticadas ou da terra, assim como no licenciamento de frequentaram uma unidade sanitária. actividades industriais e comerciais. Neste último Decidimos avançar para uma abordagem aspecto, realçamos a instalação de balcões de agressiva no tocante aos cuidados e tratamento atendimento único nas províncias, visando a dos infectados e afectados pelo HIV/SIDA, integração simultânea dos diversos serviços apesar dos limitados recursos à nossa disposição. envolvidos no processo de licenciamento. Esta Foi assim que se aprovou um plano de experiência tem contribuído para a redução das provimento de cuidados e tratamento do barreiras e para o estímulo ao investimento HIV/SIDA. Este plano vai permitir o aumento privado. É nossa política a adopção de práticas que A agenda nacional inclui a garantia e promovam uma boa governação, incluin do a manutenção da paz e segurança dentro e fora do descentralização e desconcentração de estruturas País. Têm continuidade os processos da e processos de prestação de serviços, a reforma da incorporação, formação e treino de novos administração pública, o reforço da capacidade e efectivos para o quadro das Forças Armadas de eficiência do sistema legal e judicial, o Defesa de Moçambique. Mozambique melhoramento da segurança pública e a As Forças Armadas de Defesa de Moçambique eliminação da corrupção a todos os níveis. lançaram o projecto de logística de produção no Isto consubstancia-se nos mecanismos âmbito do Programa do Governo tendo em vista internos que estamos a adoptar para colhermos as incentivar a produtividade para a sua auto- diversas sensibilidades sobre a boa governação. O sustentabilidade e o alívio das despesas em 99 Observatório da Pobreza como um fórum que beneficio do PARPA. nos vai permitir uma autoavaliação nas A aprovação de diplomas legais para o actividades económicas e sociais em Moçambique aperfeiçoamento do funcionamento da área de é um primeiro passo. Defesa Nacional é outro imperativo que o Os resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Base Governo realizou. Neste domínio, foram sobre Governação e Corrupção, em curso, cujo apreciados e aprovados instrumentos legais relatório será divulgado em Setembro próximo, atinentes à definição das atribuições e poderão dar-nos, de maneira sistematizada, as competências do Ministério da Defesa Nacional, a sensibilidades dos cid adãos sobre a governação Estrutura Orgânica das FADM, a criação da e corrupção. Academia Militar entanto que estabelecimento Esta experiência e a utilidade deste processo é militar de ensino superior das FADM e a relevante no âmbito da implementação da Nova aprovação do Regulamento da Assistência Médica Parceria para o Desenvolvimento de África e Medicamentosa aos militares e seus dependentes. (NEPAD). Moçambique foi um dos primeiros Atenção especial continua a ser dada ao países a aderir ao Mecanismo Africano de envolvimento das comunidades na prevenção e Avaliação de Pares, que é um instrumento de combate ao crime, através da adopção e adesão voluntária pelos países africanos, implementação do policiamento comunitário, um institucionalizado para promover as boas práticas modelo para uma nova cultura de segurança dos de governação nos países da União Africana. cidadãos, cujos resultados se revelam Assim, preparamo-nos para a avaliação da encorajadores. De igual modo envidam-se governação no país, a ser feita ainda este ano, esforços no sentido da reformulação dos aspectos com o apoio do Painel de Personalidades de concepção do sistema prisional e dos Eminentes, estabelecido no contexto da NEPAD. investimentos em infraestruturas para que o Esta é uma maneira de valorizar a nossa sistema penitenciário no País assuma plenamente experiência, complementar os nossos esforços e a sua função de reabilitação e reinserção social aprender das lições positivas dos outros países. dos reclusos. A erradicação da pobreza absoluta implica O conjunto das reformas em curso na Polícia, necessariamente o reforço das condições de visando a adequação e eficácia da sua actuação, defesa, segurança e ordem pública orientadas para inclui a selecção criteriosa dos candidatos, pela a defesa da soberania nacional e a luta contra a revisão dos requisitos de ingresso, dos currículos criminalidade, através da intensificação do de formação e a graduação nas escolas de trabalho preventivo, reforço da capacitação formação da Polícia. técnica e operativa da Polícia, formação e Em Setembro próximo, a Academia de treinamento dos agentes da Polícia e pela Ciências Policiais, ACIPOL, vai graduar e melhoria das relações entre a Polícia e a colocar ao serviço da Polícia os primeiros cadetes sociedade. licenciados, formados no país.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 No âmbito da implementação do Plano Associação Internacional da Policia (IPA) a partir Estratégico da Reforma da PRM, estão em curso de Setembro deste ano. acções visando reforçar a capacidade da Polícia de A administração da justiça constitui um Investigação Criminal para que esta responda importante pilar na construção da pátria, na cabalmente aos desafios de investigação do crime. preservação da paz, no desenvolvimento e Preocupam-nos sobremaneira as informações consolidação da democracia, na defesa dos sobre a ocorrência do fenómeno de rapto e tráfico direitos e liberdades fundamentais dos cidadãos, de pessoas, em particular menores, e de órgãos na luta pelo bem estar social e no humanos no nosso país. Conforme tive ocasião de estabelecimento de relações assentes em referir, a 22 de Dezembro de 2003, os indícios da princípios de respeito e responsabilidade ético- 100 ocorrência do fenómeno de desaparecimento de social. De um modo geral, o que nos foi dado pessoas, assassinatos e extracção de órgãos observar relativamente à actividade desenvolvida humanos constituem uma aberração aos mais pelo sistema de administração da justiça, no elementares valores culturais e morais da nossa decurso do último ano, permite-nos concluir que sociedade. Este crime hediondo deve merecer um se registou alguma evolução positiva no sector. combate sem tréguas por todos os segmentos da Os avanços registados resultam das acções sociedade moçambicana. Não permitamos que organizativas que as instituições de justiça têm Moçambique seja transformado num terreno fértil sabido adoptar, aliado, por um lado, a um esforço para estes actos desumanos. As instituições notável no domínio do recrutamento e formação apropriadas do Estado devem reforçar o combate de quadros tecnicamente mais qualificados e, por a este mal e garantir a segurança e estabilidade outro lado, à introdução e operacionalização de física e psíquica da população. medidas de controlo da actividade dos Toda a denúncia deve merecer a devida magistrados. No ano de 2003, o desenvolvimento investigação e tratamento, mas com justiça, não de acções concertadas das instituições pertinentes, confundindo suspeitas com factos. É nossa no recrutamento de jovens licenciados em Direito responsabilidade, como cidadãos, canalizar às e a sua formação técnico-profissional no recém instituições competentes, toda e qualquer constituído Centro de Formação Jurídica e informação sobre fenómenos anormais que Judiciária propiciou, mais uma vez, um reforço ocorram no seio da nossa comunidade. Devemos significativo do corpo de magistrados. evitar que qualquer boato ou suspeita seja tomado Até há poucos anos o país registava um grande como facto consumado, para não se criar um défice de magistrados licenciados a nível das sentimento generalizado de insegurança e pânico. províncias. Hoje, é com orgulho que registamos a Este tipo de crimes não se circunscreve apenas existência de magistrados com formação superior a um país. Por isso, o seu combate, na nossa em todos os tribunais provinciais, nas suas região, pressupõe a consolidação e valorização diversas secções e, até mesmo, em alguns dos esforços conjuntos de cooperação entre as tribunais de distrito. Polícias da região, enquadradas pela SARPCCO As melhorias no sector da administração da (Organização da Cooperação dos Chefes de justiça são, também, ilustradas pelo progressivo Polícia da Região da África Austral). Esta aumento de processos judiciais manuseados ao cooperação estende-se também ao combate à nível do país, verificando-se, nesta área, um criminalidade trans-fronteiriça, violência e incremento anual na ordem de 30%, de acordo erradicação da proliferação de armas de fogo de com as estatísticas judiciais. pequeno porte e outros materiais relativos. Notamos que no domínio da prevenção e Continuamos a alargar o nosso leque de repressão do crime, as instituições da justiça cooperação com organismos internacionais da têm vindo a exercer um melhor controlo das Policia. Para além da Interpol da qual somos situações que propiciam a prática do crime, membros efectivos, perspectivamos ingressar na eliminando mesmo, em alguns casos, os focos da maior organização internacional da Policia, a sua propagação. A propósito, cabe-nos registar que, mercê A análise do funcionamento dos órgãos de medidas de diversa índole no seio dos judiciários revela que ainda prevalece um certo órgãos judiciários, de entre as quais se inclui a défice no controlo do desempenho dos reorganização da Procuradoria-Geral da República, magistrados e oficiais de justiça, o que denota, conseguiu-se conduzir, com sucesso, algumas sobretudo, deficiências na área da inspecção. É, causas criminais de grande complexidade e pois, imperioso que sejam desenvolvidos esforços Mozambique geradoras de uma elevada indignação e repulsa para garantir a melhoria da prestação dos serviços social, dadas as suas graves consequências a nível da administração da justiça. Para tanto, devemos económico e social. concentrar a nossa atenção na concretização das No domínio da gestão e disciplina dos acções inscritas no Plano Estratégico Integrado magistrados judiciais e do Ministério Público, há do Sector da Justiça, recentemente aprovado. 101 que louvar o esforço dos órgãos pertinentes, em Exige-se, por isso, que sejamos capazes de especial o Conselho Superior da Magistratura encontrar os meios necessários à sua rápida Judicial, pela introdução de medidas de rigor na concretização, com a contribuição dos nossos disciplina e no desempenho, que têm conduzido à parceiros de cooperação. diminuição progressiva das reclamações e dos No mesmo sentido, incentivamos o Conselho casos disciplinares. de Coordenação da Legalidade e Justiç a a Uma acção de grande impacto para o sector prosseguir as acções necessárias à conclusão do da justiça, e que, dada a sua relevância na processo da visão estratégica de longo prazo para componente humana, esperamos venha a ter a área da justiça, por se tratar de um valioso efeitos positivos no desempenho, transparência e instrumento em que assentará o fundamento de eficácia no sistema, é a recente aprovação, pelo um novo modelo de justiça, e que fornecerá Governo, de um novo regime salarial dos contributos decisivos para uma futura política magistrados e oficiais de justiça. legislativa no país. Outra acção digna de registo e que tem por Temos que assegurar que a reforma legal em escopo a melhoria das condições de curso tenha os seus alicerces na própria lei funcionamento das instituições da justiça, é a fundamental, a Constituição da República. inscrição, nos planos de investimento no sector, Impõe-se-nos o dever de proporcionar às largas da construção de palácios da justiça em cinco massas populacionais um acesso à justiça mais províncias, nesta fase. Os respectivos projectos amplo, abrangente, coeso e condizente com a estão na fase de conclusão, esperando-se para nossa realidade sócio-cultural. breve o início dos concursos de empreitada. A par Por isso, as reformas de que falamos devem disso, importa referir a construção e reabilitação, ser amplas, abrangentes e profundas, de modo a no ano transacto, de alguns tribunais de nível consagrar, claramente, o modo como deverá distrital, acção essa que vai ser contínua. conviver, harmoniosamente, o direito formal com Apesar da evolução constatada, ocorre-nos o direito consuetudinário. registar que ainda existe um elevado número de O turismo posiciona-se hoje como uma das casos que esperam por solução nas diversas nossas principais apostas para o desenvolvimento instâncias de justiça, o que constitui uma enorme acelerado do país e combate à pobreza absoluta, preocupação para a sociedade. dado o seu carácter transversal e efeito Nota-se, ainda, uma certa fragilidade no multiplicador. Cria emprego e gera riqueza em sistema, mormente nas componentes de recursos toda a sua cadeia de acção. humanos e meios materiais, para além dos Constatámos com satisfação a evolução do próprios instrumentos legais reguladores da sector do turismo que, no último ano, registou solução de conflitos se mostrarem inadequados tendências positivas que se reflectem na criação 860 para dar resposta célere aos problemas que novos postos de trabalho directo e uma expansão aqueles órgãos são chamados a conhecer e decidir. da capacidade de alojamento em mais 772 camas.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Muitos operadores turísticos têm como dentro e fora do País, tem permitido igualmente parte integrante dos seus programas de que transmitamos a imagem de um Moçambique desenvolvimento a assistência social às amante da paz, da concórdia e comprometido comunidades, contribuindo para a redução da com odesenvolvimento. pobreza absoluta, através da construção de As fases preliminares do II Festival Nacional fontenários públicos, escolas, postos de saúde e de Canção e Música Tradicional, iniciadas em abertura de estradas. Reconhecendo a 2003, estão a movimentar milhares de artistas importância vital da biodiversidade para o musicais, permitindo o aprofundamento do sustento da maioria das comunidades locais do conhecimento mútuo e o convívio de cidadãos país, temos vindo a expandir as áreas protegidas, de diferentes quadrantes do nosso País. 102 com a criação do Parque Nacional das No domínio da criação e interpretação, Quirimbas, da Reserva Nacional de Chimanimani merece destaque o incentivo àpesquisa, e proclamação da Reserva de Búfalos de identificação e promoção de talentos, à premiação Marromeu como parte integrante da Convenção e divulgaçãodos trabalhos mais criativos nas áreas de Ramsar, sobre as áreas húmidas de valor da dança, teatro, literatura, pintura, música e mundial, adoptada em 1971, na cidade do mesmo edição. Neste domínio é encorajadora a nome, no Irão. participação crescentedos mecenas. Por outro lado, temos também levado a cabo O combate que travamos contra a pirataria de programas de conservação transfronteiriços, fonogramas faz parte daluta global pela melhoria nomeadamente o Parque Transfronteiriço da qualidade dos produtos culturais que são do Grande Limpopo entre Moçambique, oferecidos ao povo e pela defesa dos interesses África do Sul e o Zimbabwe; a Iniciativa de dos artistas, da indústria discográfica e do Estado. Desenvolvimento Espacial dos Libombos, entre A Ilha de Moçambique, como Património Moçambique, África do Sul e Suazilândia; e a Cultural da Humanidade, mereceu e continua a Iniciativa Transfronteiriça de Chimanimani, entre merecer uma atenção especial na busca de Moçambique e Zimbabwe. sinergias para sua conservação e valorização, A cultura é um elemento fundamental no junto de organismos internacionais relevantes. Os processo da consolidação da unidade nacional, da resultados que temos alcançado, principalmente identidade individual e de grupo e da afirmação junto da UNESCO, encorajam-nos a prosseguir da nossa moçambicanidade. o Programa de Desenvolvimento Humano e A realização do II Festival Nacional de Dança Sustentável da Ilha. Popular continuou aimpulsionar, em 2003, o Enquanto registamos estes progressos, crescimento de acções de promoção, valorizaçãoe sofremos algumas reveses na áreacultural. O intercâmbios culturais, bem como o surgimento de período em análise foi ensombrado pela perda de várias associações, grupos e cooperativas nesta grandes figuras da no ssa cultura, das quais área. Isto significa que a sociedade civil temestado destacamos o poeta José Craveirinha, os músicos a desempenhar um papel cada vez mais activo na David Mazembe e Alexandre Langa, e muito promoção demanifestações culturais no nosso país. recentemente o maestro Justino Chemane e o Em 2003, registamos com satisfação a músico Gito Balói. Devemos todos assegurar que realização, com sucesso, dos Festivais de Teatro o seu legado, símbolo da nossa moçambicanidade, d’Agosto em Maputo e do Baluarte na Ilha de seja preservado e valorizado. Moçambique. Estes eventos juntaram em O Desporto constitui um dos alicerces do Moçambique artistas Africanos, Europeus, desenvolvimento das capacidades do Homem e Asiáticos e Americanos, contribuindo desta forma da sociedade no seu todo. para acrescente abertura de mercados para os Moçambique é um país de uma cultura produtos culturais do nosso País. A participação desportiva reconhecida e que, através dos seus de artistas moçambicanos em festivais como estes, atletas, tem feito elevar o seu nome, além fronteiras. A Lurdes Mutola, nossa Menina de no Burundi, integrado na Missão Africana no Ouro, trouxe mais uma vez, alegrias para o povo Burundi, sob a égide da União Africana, está a moçambicano ao se consagrar, este ano, pela cumprir a sua missão com sucesso. Esta força é sexta vez, Campeã Mundial dos 800 metros em constituída por um total de 228 homens, dos Femininos de Pista Coberta. quais 20 integram o Estado Maior do Comando A nossa Selecção Nacional de Basquetebol da Força Multinacional de Manutenção da Paz. Mozambique Feminino conquistou a Medalha de Prata no As Nações Unidas vão enviar uma Missão de recente Campeonato Africano, realizado nosso Manutenção de Paz para o Burundi. Em solo pátrio, confirmando a tendência ascendente reconhecimento do seu excelente desempenho, a da participação do nosso país em eventos Força Moçambicana foi convidada a permanecer regionais e continentais. Os Jogos Escolares, naquele país dos Grandes Lagos integrada na 103 entanto que conquista preciosa da independência, nova Missão. Aceitamos este novo desafio e estão constituem uma manifestação desportiva da em curso discussões sobre as modalidades da Juventude, com uma amplitude que importa nossa participação. preservar e melhorar. Continuamos a dar o nosso contributo ao A nossa aposta continua sendo a identificação processo de pacificação de Timor Leste e encaminhamento de talentos das diversas independente, através de equipas de observadores modalidades, havendo já exemplos a registar nos militares e técnicos de diversas áreas de actividade últimos Jogos Escolares, realizados em Nampula económica e social, sob a égide das Nações Unidas. que envolveram mais de mil e cem jovens Nas Comores e na República Democrática do adolescentes que se revelaram talentosos e Congo, temos uma presença modesta de beneficiaram de apoios para prosseguirem os seus observadores militares e continuamos a oferecer estudos e, paralelamente, desenvolverem-se nas o nosso apoio político-diplomático. modalidades abraçadas. Estas missões em prol da paz e segurança O Desporto é o meio que contribui para a internacionais começam a ser uma radição e socialização do Homem, para cimentar amizades, apraz-nos constatar que a moral no seio das solidariedade e cooperação entre os povos. Neste forças moçambicanas é boa. quadro, Maputo tornou-se desde o dia 23 de Hoje, Moçambique é Presidente da União Abril corrente a “Capital Desportiva da SADC,” Africana. A nossa Presidência está a ser ao acolher mais de mil e cem jovens atletas, caracterizada por assinaláveis progressos no com idades abaixo dos 20 anos, provenientes de processo da edificação dos órgãos e instituições 12 países da África Austral, acontecimento de desta organização continental. A Comissão da grande alcance histórico para os nossos povos União Africana, eleita em Maputo, está em pleno e estados. funcionamento. Os sucessos que temos vindo a alcançar Tivemos o privilégio de presidir, em Addis elevam o prestígio de Moçambique no mundo. Abeba, no dia 18 de Março último, à sessão Durante a realização da II Cimeira da União inaugural do Parlamento Pan-Africano, na qual Africana no ano passado, em Maputo, este tomaram parte ilustres deputados deste sentimento revelou-se de uma forma singular. parlamento, incluindo Sua Excelência o Os progressos por nós alcançados e o patriotismo Presidente da Assembleia da República. Nessa com que os moçambicanos se empenharam na sessão, realizou-se a cerimónia de posse dos organização e realização do evento fizeram com parlamentares africanos e a eleição do seu que África passasse a ter um conhecimento mais presidente, que felizmente é uma mulher, a Sra. positivo da realidade moçambicana. Gertrudes Mongela, da República Unida da Assumimos com responsabilidade acrescida os Tanzania. Alegra-nos também que os nossos nossos deveres perante o nosso continente e o parlamentares eleitos para aquele órgão sejam na mundo. O contigente moçambicano estacionado sua maioria mulheres.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Um instrumento vital para a resolução de confiança que depositam nos programas de conflitos e manutenção da paz no continente é o desenvolvimento económico e social adoptados Conselho de Paz e Segurança da União Africana, nos últimos anos. Esta confiança é testemunhada que igualmente entrou em funcionamento no pelo aumento gradual dos parceiros de passado mês de Março, em Addis Abeba. cooperação que vêm prestando o seu apoio, com Moçambique foi eleito membro e é o actual base nos objectivos e princípios básicos Presidente deste importante órgão da nossa estabelecidos no Memorando de Entendimento organização continental. Entrou igualmente em para a Concessão de Apoio Directo ao Orçamento vigor o Protocolo que estabelece o Tribunal do Estado e à Balança de Pagamentos. Participam Africano dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos. neste mecanismo 15 parceiros de cooperação. 104 Espera-se que o Conselho Económico, Social e Importa realçar que para muitos parceiros, Cultural atinja brevemente o número de Moçambique foi o país piloto deste tipo de ratificações necessárias para o seu lançamento. cooperação, facto que é por nós apreciado. Presidimos com sucesso à Cimeira Notamos, com satisfação, que alguns países Extraordinária da União Africana realizada em decidiram alocar progressivamente maiores Sirte, Líbia. Esta Cimeira aprovou importantes valores para o apoio directo ao orçamento. documentos com destaque para a Declaração Todos estes sucessos levam a que aumente a sobre os Desafios de Implementação dos Planos confiança do Mundo, particularmente de África, de Desenvolvimento Integrado e Sustentável nos em relação à capacidade de liderança dos Domínios de Agricultura e de Águas em África e moçambicanos. Cada vez mais moçambicanos, a Declaração Solene Sobre uma Política Comum entre membros do Governo, académicos, Africana de Defesa e Segurança e Criação de uma membros da sociedade civil e demais, são Força Africana em Estado de Alerta. convidados a integrar instituições internacionais. A busca de consensos a nível continental para Muito recentemente, o nosso compatriota paz, segurança e estabilidade duradoiras vem Pascoal Mocumbi foi convidado a dirigir uma complementar as acções em curso na nossa instituição de grande prestígio e importância região, consubstanciadas pela adopção do Pacto estratégica para o continente africano, a Parceria de Defesa Mútua na última Cimeira da SADC, entre Países Europeus e Países em realizada em Dar-Es-Salam, Tanzânia, e no Desenvolvimento para Ensaios Clínicos. Trata-se trabalho da SARPCCO, ou seja, Organização de de uma parceria para acelerar a produção de Cooperação dos Chefes de Polícia da Região da instrumentos clínicos, nomeadamente África Austral. medicamentos, vacinas e outros, com vista a A Nova Parceria para o Desenvolvimento de controlar a malária, o HIV/SIDA e a tuberculose. África (NEPAD), a visão estratégica e Nomeámos a Dra. Luísa Diogo para o cargo programática para o desenvolvimento do nosso de Primeiro-Ministro do Governo de continente, começa a ganhar forma com a sua Moçambique. Esta nomeação, além do operacionalização em projectos de reconhecimento da competência que distingue a desenvolvimento com impacto regional e nossa Primeira-Ministra, foi mais um tributo e continental. O projecto de desenvolvimento do reconhecimento do papel central e decisivo da Vale do Zambeze, os Corredores de mulher na árdua tarefa de promover o Desenvolvimento que ligam o nosso país aos desenvolvimento de Moçambique. países vizinhos, entre outros projectos, assumem É com agrado que notamos que esta uma importância vital no âmbito da NEPAD. nomeação é altamente apreciada tanto pelo povo Os esforços que vêm sendo desenvolvidos pelo moçambicano, como pelos africanos e africanas de nosso país para a erradicação da pobreza absoluta todo o continente e por outros países do mundo. têm merecido o reconhecimento dos nossos Apesar dos esforços diplomáticos que temos parceiros de cooperação, que têm demonstrado a vindo a empreender na arena económica internacional, persistiram no ano findo produtos originários da África Sub-sahariana, sem divergências profundas entre os países em pagamento de direitos, contribuindo assim para o desenvolvimento e os países desenvolvidos que desenvolvimento das economias dos países inviabilizaram a conclusão, com sucesso, da beneficiários, através do aumento das Quinta Conferência Ministerial da Organização exportações, o que, por seu turno, incentiva o Mundial do Comércio, em Cancún, sobretudo no aumento da produção. Constitui igualmente um Mozambique que diz respeito à necessidade de abertura de factor catalisador para a atracção de investimento mercados para acesso aos nossos produtos de tanto nacional como estrangeiro nas áreas de exportação no domínio da agricultura. produção e exportação cobertas por esta Os países desenvolvidos insistem na iniciativa. manutenção dos subsídios à produção e A iniciativa EBAS oferece vantagens similares 105 exportação e outros tipos de apoio aos de acesso ao mercado da União Europeia, ao agricultores, em detrimento dos produtores mais grupo de países menos avançados de que eficientes nos países em desenvolvimento. Moçambique é membro integrante, constituindo Associam-se a estes factores as barreiras não também um incentivo para a exploração de tarifárias, que constituem também factores vantagens comparativas dos países beneficiários. limitantes para o acesso dos nossos produtos aos Moçambique deixou de ser o país da guerra e mercados externos. da fome, para se transformar num país onde a Vimos, assim, adiada a tão almejada solução esperança de uma sociedade mais digna se dos problemas que impedem um maior e mais cristaliza. Dia após dia, milhares de cidadãos vantajoso acesso dos nossos produtos de anónimos, com o seu trabalho e empenho, exportação aos mercados internacionais. Produtos lançam bases seguras para o desenvolvimento da agrícolas como o algodão, açúcar e outros nossa economia. continuarão a não obter o seu preço justo no É o reconhecimento, pela comunidade das mercado internacional. nações, deste espírito de trabalho árduo e A rápida retomada das negociações, que empenho na construção de uma sociedade permitirá tão cedo quanto possível solucionar melhor que transformou o nosso país em centro o actual impasse, poderá contribuir de forma de importantes eventos internacionais. significativa para a redução da pobreza no Após a realização, com sucesso, da Cimeira da nosso país. União Africana no ano passado, o nosso país é Pesem embora estas dificuldades, saudamos as chamado a acolher no presente ano, a IV Cimeira iniciativas dos nossos parceiros comerciais no dos países da África, Caraíbas e Pacífico (ACP). sentido de promover a nossa participação no O grupo ACP é uma plataforma importante comércio internacional. São de destacar, o de diálogo político e concertação entre os 79 AGOA, uma iniciativa dos Estados Unidos da países que o integram. A sua importância reside, América para o acesso preferencial dos produtos particularmente, nas oportunidades que oferece dos países da África Sub-sahariana; o EBAS, que aos seus membros para uma estruturação e significa tudo menos armas, no âmbito do Acordo articulação mais eficazes das suas ideias. de Cotonou, entre os Países de África, Caraíbas e O reforço da sua identidade política e Pacífico e a União Europeia, bem como o económica permite ao Grupo ACP apresentar-se Sistema Generalizado de Preferências, que de forma concertada e agir com eficácia junto dos permitem o acesso preferencial de produtos seus parceiros privilegiados da União Europeia e originários dos países em desenvolvimento, em nos mais variados fóruns internacionais, visando particular os Menos Avançados. a sua integração gradual e harmoniosa na O AGOA, por exemplo, oferece muitas economia mundial. vantagens, das quais importa referir o acesso ao Outro evento importante de carácter mercado dos Estados Unidos da América dos internacional, a ter lugar em Junho próximo, em

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Maputo, é a Cimeira Económica Africana. Trata- eleitor, nos períodos que forem indicados. Uma se de um fórum criado numa parceria entre o vez recenseados, vamos todos votar. Fórum Económico Mundial e a SADC, e que vai Será uma grande honra e prestígio para todos envolver Chefes de Estado e de Governo da nós, moçambicanos, garantirmos uma massiva região e vários lideres económicos mundiais. participação dos cidadãos nas eleições. É um Este Fórum tem contribuído de forma dever especial dos deputados, partidos políticos, positiva para o debate da agenda e modelos de organizações da sociedade civil, confissões desenvolvimento, com ênfase na necessidade de religiosas, órgãos de administração eleitoral se assumir a redução da pobreza no mundo, como empenharem-se activamente na educação cívica uma questão global que afecta, tanto os países em assegurando, assim, uma participação consciente 106 desenvolvimento, como os países industrializados, no acto eleitoral. e constitui condição fundamental para um Acabei de expor a minha avaliação sobre a desenvolvimento genuíno e sustentável. Situação Geral da Nação. Os resultados do nosso Moçambique tem-se apresentado como um trabalho são positivos. parceiro activo neste fórum. A realização da É, pois, com satisfação que posso afirmar Cimeira Económica Africana em Maputo abre- perante esta Magna Assembleia e toda Nação nos amplas possibilidades de partilhar as nossas Moçambicana, do Rovuma ao Maputo, do Zumbo iniciativas e experiências com os participantes e ao Índico, que, não obstante os desafios que ainda colhermos os dividendos que resultam do temos pela frente, a Situação Geral da Nação é acolhimento de tão importante fórum. Destes, boa. A visível redução dos níveis de pobreza podemos destacar a possibilidade de captação de absoluta e o elevado prestígio que o nosso país mais investimentos e negócios para o país. goza no mundo dão corpo a esta nossa afirmação. Estes e outros eventos de carácter Estamos conscientes de que o caminho a internacional, que terão lugar no nosso país, percorrer para atingirmos o nosso objectivo final, requerem não só a intervenção dos órgãos do de eliminação da pobreza absoluta, ainda é longo Estado, mas também do sector privado e da e exige a participação activa de todos os sociedade em geral. Cada um de nós é chamado moçambicanos. É fundamental o envolvimento a colaborar. dos que vivem sob o espectro da pobreza Este ano, terão lugar as terceiras eleições absoluta, lado a lado com os que possam gerais, um acontecimento de grande importância contribuir com a sua riqueza para criar e impacto na consolidação da paz e no desenvolvimento através de investimentos aprofundamento da democracia no nosso país. O direccionados para este objectivo de todos nós. povo moçambicano vai escolher o seu Presidente O envolvimento de todos na luta contra a da República e os seus representantes na pobreza não é nenhuma acção de caridade. É um Assembleia da República. contributo à prosperidade individual e colectiva, As nossas experiências do passado mostram pois nenhuma ilha de riqueza poderá viver em que o fortalecimento da nossa democracia estabilidade duradoira se ela estiver rodeada de depende também da qualidade da nossa um mar de pobreza. participação nos processos eleitorais. Gostaria de O combate que travamos contra a pobreza apelar, desde já, a toda a população com absoluta é consequente e os resultados são visíveis capacidade eleitoral, para cumprir os requisitos em todo o nosso país. Com dedicação e estabelecidos por lei para que possa exercer o seu abnegação de todos alcançaremos maiores êxitos. direito de voto. Apelo a todos os moçambicanos que continuem Aos jovens que completam 18 anos, aos a envolver-se na árdua tarefa da redução da cidadãos que mudaram de residência, àqueles que pobreza absoluta no país. O Povo Moçambicano perderam os seus cartões de eleitor apelo tem dado passos largos na direcção certa. Todos vivamente para se dirigirem aos postos de juntos venceremos a pobreza absoluta! recenseamento, a fim de obter os cartões de Muito Obrigado pela vossa atenção! NIGERIA Divider Page NIGERIA 108 It is with gratitude to God that I address you on the forty-fourth anniversary of our country’s independence. I want to thank all Nigerians, including those in the diaspora, for their continu- ing belief in Nigeria, in our government, and in the boundless opportunities and possibilities that God has placed before us. We surely have cause to be thankful to God. We have been through rough and tough times. As we try to retrace our steps and reposition our political economy for progress in an increasingly Speech to the Nation, complex and competitive world, we must in all humility realise the blessings that we have Let Us Rebuild Nigeria Together, enjoyed over the years. In spite of some tribula- tions here and there, we have been spared some by His Excellency Olusegun Obasanjo, of the horrendous experiences and attendant ago- nies that have plagued some nations. We are President of the Federal Republic steadily recovering from our past errors and transgressions as we experience a renewed status of Nigeria, to Mark the Forty-Fourth in the international community, unprecedented growth in industry and agriculture, and successes Anniversary of Nigeria’s Independence in telecommunications, power and energy, indus- try, commerce, and health. 1 October 2004 I particularly want to place on record my grat- itude to the numerous youth groups, women’s Abuja associations, professional bodies, religious and traditional institutions, leaders of thought, politi- cians, students, and workers who have stood by us, showed sympathy and understanding for the challenges we face, identified with the reform agenda, provided us with suggestions and ideas on how to move our nation forward, and made far-reaching individual and collective sacrifices in our longer-term interests. Let me assure you that on the part of government, we are determined to ensure that your understanding, support, and sac- rifices shall never be in vain. The fundamental focus of this administration together, bearing pain together, [and] sharing has been on the consolidation of our democratic ideas and hopes, as well as praying for God’s enterprise. We were fully conscious of the distor- guidance together. tions and dislocations in our socioeconomic and We have very carefully articulated a reform political realities that [interfered with] the full agenda designed to make life better for all functioning of democracy. Nigerians. The ongoing reform agenda that has We thus committed ourselves to strengthen- been packaged as the National Economic Nigeria ing political institutions, fighting corruption, Empowerment and Development Strategy building new leadership, sanitising the nature of (NEEDS) is our grand strategy to reposition political competition, and refocusing our political Nigeria for stability, growth, development, and perspective towards peace, tolerance, inclusion, prosperity for all. Through carefully designed 109 harmony, and collective dedication to the com- programmes on privatisation and commercialisa- mon good. Of course, this has not been easy, but tion, public and civil service reforms, institutional we are getting there. The fundamental aspect of and governance reform, monetisation, and our democratic consolidation project involved the reforms of the administration of justice, govern- package of reform that we have put together. ment is irrevocably committed to altering the Nowhere in the world has democracy thrived foundations of our socioeconomic interactions without a firm, strong, integrated, productive, and building a basis for a sound, viable, and pros- and sustainable economic base. I do not need to perous future. remind any of you about the state [of] decay and Once the reform agenda at the federal level deterioration [that existed when we] came into is effectively complemented by initiatives at the office in 1999. Even our harshest critics agree state and local levels—in the State Economic that we are making admirable progress and [that] Empowerment and Development Strategy the economy at the centre is being steadily and (SEEDS) and the Local Economic Empowerment visibly moved away from profligacy, fiscal indisci- and Development Strategy (LEEDS)—we can pline, mismanagement, corruption, waste, mis- begin to see unbounded and unprecedented placed priorities, and insensitivity to the plight of development in all sectors and improvement in the common person. our lives. Let me urge you all to be patient with our NEEDS came out of widespread consultations reform agenda. You must believe that govern- with stakeholders across the nation and is aligned ment has your best interests at heart, but we [with] both the New Partnership for Africa’s must realise that the past situations we inherited Development (NEPAD) and the Millennium will take time to turn around for good. More Development Goals (MDGs). These AU [African important, the wrongs of the past cannot be Union] and UN [United Nations] initiatives give allowed to continue no matter how convenient added legitimacy to our reform agenda, as they or seemingly comfortable they might appear. are dedicated to the same goals: poverty eradica- The past must teach us lessons for the present tion, wealth and job creation, infrastructural and the future, otherwise history will not forgive development, expansion of the private sector, us for failing to do the right thing when we had empowerment of women, and development of the opportunity. sectors that build capacity, productivity, and sus- We must learn to save for the rainy day. Let tainable growth and development. My fellow us develop a new attitude towards government Nigerians, however we look at it, the truth is that and governance. Our government is not intent our reform agenda is working. on making life difficult for Nigerians. Our com- We have stabilised the polity. Most of the mitment is to steadily wipe the pain from the opposition movements that were active in 1999 faces of all Nigerians. We can do this only by have adopted democratic options in articulating working together, thinking together, planning and pressing their demands. We are talking to

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 those I described as “rascally elements” from the to encouraging independent power operators in a Niger Delta in the effort to open lines of dia- bid to ensure [a] steady power supply. logue and peace, as they feel aggrieved by their In science and technology, we have launched state authorities. I can assure you all that a rap- the Nigeria Sat-1, and plans are under way to prochement is taking place and that peace, stabil- launch our telecommunications satellite. This [is] ity, and harmony will return to the Niger Delta. in addition to work on a technology village, a Agriculture recorded an unprecedented Silicon Valley–type of project, and [a] heavy growth rate of 7 percent, and we plan to do bet- investment in computer literacy and software ter this year. Our strategic grains reserve reached development. 150,000 tons for the first time in our history, In the area of communications, you are all 110 and the tonnage is rising. The World Food direct beneficiaries of the improved teledensity Programme is planning to establish its office in profile of Nigeria, and we are continuing to Nigeria as [a] demonstration of how well our encourage product development, quality control, agricultural policies are working. The aim is to better service delivery, and competition. Similar be able to obtain food from Nigeria for other progress is being recorded in water supply, African countries in need of food. We have [insti- health, education, tourism, and other sectors. tuted] far-reaching policies to revive and protect Suffice it to say that in spite of what was on the textile industry, and the feedback has been [the] ground in 1999, this country has made very positive. Our ban on certain products has tremendous progress, and our development part- unleashed boundless productive energy in the ners have fully and openly acknowledged this. Of areas of livestock production and agriculture. course, we still have a long way to go, and that is Nigeria should be self-sufficient in [producing] why we must redouble our efforts and [our] com- poultry and poultry products by the end of this mitments to the process of reform. year, and Nigeria today has fruit juice factories The achievements mentioned so far can be with as many as five production lines. Our export consolidated and built upon only when we all buy drive policy is providing encouragement for local into the reform process at every level, including producers, opening up new foreign markets, and in the conduct of personal affairs. We must improving on foreign-exchange earnings. eschew violence, indiscipline, arrogance, intoler- We are recording successes in our enhanced ance, and a fixation on subverting due process service delivery, as the story of NAFDAC and the rule of law. [National Agency for Food and Drug Adminis- I [submit] to all Nigerians that rascality and tration and Control], NIPOST [Nigeria Postal vandalism, which are rapidly becoming the hall- Service], and Biometric Passport Issuance will mark of the Niger Delta, have implications for testify. These islands of success in service delivery the production, distribution, and pricing of crude must be expanded through emulation. Our edu- oil; for our global economic rating; for investor cational institutions are gradually returning to confidence in our economy; and for overall life as citadels of learning, crime is being steadily resources available to support growth and devel- checked, and our investment in infrastructure is opment. Let me assure those patriotic, peaceful, yielding results. and law-abiding Nigerians that government will Private institutions are equally setting stan- not tolerate any act that would compromise the dards and helping to contribute to the Education interest of the majority. Accordingly, government for All initiative of government. Investors are is taking appropriate steps to stem the tide of coming into our country at a rate never experi- undue militancy, and we are confident that reason enced previously. In the areas of power genera- and the law will prevail. tion, we have reached an unprecedented level of Sustainable development is possible in Nigeria over 4,000 megawatts, with several plants and if we all put our hearts and minds into doing transmission lines completed. This is in addition things the right way at all times in the interest of our people and country. The 13 percent special our country, colleagues, friends, and families, and allocation to the Niger Delta on the basis of deri- let us recommit ourselves to the collective efforts vation, which now extends to the offshore, is to build a strong, productive, corruption-free, meant to deal with the recognised and acknowl- God-fearing, and democratic Nigeria. I wish you edged situation of the Niger Delta. all a happy independence anniversary, and may The obvious assessment so far is that not God continue to bless Nigeria. much impact has been made on the lives and liv- Nigeria ing standards of most ordinary people of the Niger Delta. In the interest of security and sta- bility of the Niger Delta in particular and of Nigeria in general, I appeal to those elected offi- 111 cials of the region whose efforts have not mea- sured up to expectations to endeavour to be more alive to their responsibilities and [to] the plight of the people they are elected to govern. There has recently been some unease about the full deregulation of the downstream sector of the oil industry. Government is fully aware [of] and sensitive to these feelings of unease. We do understand your hopes, dreams, and needs. The decisions taken by government have been taken out of love and out of concern for our future, not out of insensitivity or sadism. Let me assure you that where it is avoidable, we are doing every- thing [possible] to cushion the impact of these policies so that Nigerians [do] not have to suffer. In the specific area of deregulation of the downstream sector, the federal government has set up a committee chaired by the Honourable minister of finance to consider what cushioning measures can be taken to alleviate or moderate the pressures without compromising the goals of our reform. I hope that the committee will sub- mit its report for inclusion in the 2005 budget that will be presented to the National Assembly in the first half of October 2004. There is a time in the history of every nation for reflection, forgiveness, unity, and collective rededication to a positive future. We have been through a lot, but let us look inwards. Let us look at our history, our communities, our families, and ourselves. Let us seek answers to whether we are doing the right things before man and God indi- vidually and collectively, and let us work hard so that history and our creator will be kind to us. As we celebrate this forty-fourth indepen- dence anniversary on a low key, let us pray for

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 SENEGAL Divider Page SENEGAL 114 May God bestow upon you his blessings and his mercy. May he reward his paradise to our dear relatives who left us on his will. May he bestow rest and relief upon every ill person in this land of Senegal. Tomorrow, with God’s will, the Senegalese nation will celebrate the forty-fourth anniversary of its independence and accession to international sovereignty. Beyond the freedom we regained, we will cel- ebrate the remarkable achievements of our coun- try as a result of the efforts our people have Speech to the Nation by His made. That is why we will guard these achieve- ments and be conscious that we still have a long Excellency Abdoulaye Wade, way to go. We must therefore get back to work and try to do even better. President of the Republic of Senegal, On the celebration of my accession to the presidency on March 19, you came in large num- to Commemorate Senegal’s Accession bers to the Millennium Gate to show me your affection and satisfaction with the manner in to International Sovereignty which I have led this country for the last four years. That demonstration to the rest of the April 3, 2004 world is more eloquent than all the speeches. Because that celebration was to take place Dakar in Thiès, I authorized expenses for the recon- struction of the main arteries of that city. Unfortunately, it was not possible to deliver all the installations to the army in time. I would like to reassure the population of Thiès—this city that has been at the forefront of my struggle with my friend and brother the late Boubacar Sall, the “Lion of Cayor”—that we will meet there soon for the opening celebration of a reconstruction worthy of the most modern cities. We will not stop there, but we will continue our efforts, including the modernization of other major cities. I express therefore my thanks and congratula- will say that nothing will impede our march tions to all of you, including the foreigners who toward the peace desired by the Senegalese peo- live among us and who play an important role in ple and by Bishop Diamacoune Senghor, as well the remarkable results that make us proud today. as the historical board of the MFDC (Movement Before going further, I would like to express of Democratic Forces of Casamance). We have my gratitude to the heads of states and govern- achieved real and decisive strides toward peace,

ments from brotherly countries who, despite and we will pursue our efforts in that direction. I Senegal their numerous and difficult charges, have sacri- gave the order to the army to protect the popula- ficed their precious time to be at our side and tions that want to go back to their homes and share our joy. Their presence gives to this com- those individuals who are engaged in reconstruc- memoration a Pan-Africanist dimension that elo- tion efforts. The government is more than ever 115 quently illustrates the ideals we all share in the determined to implement the reconstruction plan service of the African Union. for Casamance. The miraculous occurrence of the number In addition to the rehabilitation of villages, four in our nation’s life will certainly not pass the regions of Ziguinchor and Kolda have recent- unnoticed. April 4, 2004—the fourth day of the ly benefited from the financing of 825 million fourth month of the fourth year of the millen- CFA (Communaute Financier Africaine) from nium—is our forty-fourth anniversary. So we our budget. Considering the progress that has notice that the number four occurs five times this been made so far, the lending institutions have year as the history of Senegal unfolds. decided to release aid of 60 billion CFA intended Our first preoccupation is undoubtedly the for the reconstruction of Casamance. deepening of our democracy in peace. Someone I would like to express now my strong appre- said, “Senegal has an asset: its democracy.” Today, ciation to the young people who, guided by a beyond its well-anchored base in the Constitution remarkable sense of patriotism, have actively and the laws, democracy in action is consolidating taken part in the reconstruction efforts. through dialogue. That is why I initiated dialogue I would solemnly say to all of those who are as a creed: dialogue with the political parties, dia- hesitating to make the first step toward peace and logue with the unions, and dialogue with other reconciliation that all the pacifying measures I forces of the nation. enacted to accompany the peace process remain. Openness and dialogue are also the basis of our action beyond our borders. Peace, cordial The government therefore will take all the neces- understanding with our neighbors, promotion of sary steps to help those who agree to lay down NEPAD (New Partnership for Africa’s Develop- their arms and return to a normal and decent life ment), and pursuit of the African Union remain worthy of their families. at the heart of our diplomatic policy. And I will never be able to express enough The initiative to hold an Islamo-Christian con- compassion for the victims of the Joola [the ferry ference in Dakar in December 2005 and the proj- accident of September 2002], victims, in fact, ect of creating a Cité de la Paix in Senegal come of our collective negligence, which is responsible from our intense desire to contribute to universal for the accumulated errors of the last decade. peace in order to establish relations between the Compensation is being made according to a sim- nations based on dialogue and tolerance. plified procedure. If there are any problems, my In my April 4 message last year, I reported on door remains open so that we can work together the progress that had been made toward bringing and find solutions as quickly as possible. I asked peace back to Casamance. Despite some distur- the government to complete the plan to care for bances caused by a small number of hooligans the victims’ children and to continue the assistance who, realizing they were losing ground, attacked program for the youth and students whose lives mine destroyers [ships] and innocent villagers, I have been tragically disrupted.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 We continue to search for a replacement for are compatible with the founding principles of the Joola. You may recall that a replacement boat the republic, as well as by the imperatives of is being built by the Germans. In the meantime, peace, national cohesion, and territorial integrity. the transportation minister is seeking a boat that Let us not take the paths that elsewhere have will temporarily service the line. led to dilemma, even chaos, and many a nation’s In less than half a century, the Senegalese downfall. Together, let us instead closely guard people have learned to unite in order to create this rich legacy to hand it down to our children, and consolidate our nation-state. This is because the heirs of the future Senegal. every Senegalese man and woman has rekindled As for me, I will remain an attentive sentry for the cardinal virtues of patriotism, brotherly love, the defense of those values and the consolidation 116 open-mindedness, and tolerance, which have of our democracy, which we almost elevated to been ours since the beginning of time. Other the level of other major democracies, thanks to nations’ histories and the careful reading of daily our creative genius. This is why I am always open news have taught us that diversity founded on the to dialogue with either the political parties or our negation of other people carries with it the seeds social partners. of distrust, increases tension, and leads to con- My endless search for consensus on the fun- flict. On the other hand, if born with respect for damentals is in line with my desire to propel our differences, diversity can be a source of Senegal into the circle of emergent nations, enrichment and harmony. for the battle that we need to win is the battle Let us praise God. On this land bequeathed for development. from our ancestors, we also inherited the sublime The white paper on the government achieve- values of our social fabric, founded on mutual ments has addressed in detail the progress we respect, tolerance, and conviviality. To that effect, have made together since you entrusted me to I have just set up an academy for national lan- lead our march toward change. I will not cover guages where every language spoken in our coun- again the elements of that document. I will simply try will find its place. declare loud and clear that Senegal is doing well. Let us revisit the rules of decency and the With a growth rate of 6 percent in 2003, our spirit of solidarity and sharing that govern and economy continues to record performances that strengthen the interaction between our different are worth our partners’ renewed confidence. religions. Those rules and that spirit are such A deeper diversification of our agricultural that the Senegalese people, beyond their religious production opens better marketing perspectives faiths, share the same joy as well as the same for our farmers. That tendency will be main- pain. Let us not forget that in some families tained and reinforced in the next campaign by: Muslim and Catholic mix together and that in some of our cemeteries Muslims and Christians • the continuation of the corn, sesame, and are resting next to one another forever. So it is in manioc programs and the launching of new Senegal, and so it ought to stay! I insist on these ones, such as wheat and cassava; values because they are the support for our social • the increase in polyvalent training centers cohesion and serve as a reference for our identity. for farmers; Like a light bursting out from the past, they illu- • a better management of water, with reten- minate our present and brighten our future. tion basins and dams in addition to the pos- Without them, we would lose our points of refer- sibilities offered by provoked rainfall; and ence, and our nation would lose its soul. • the strengthening of villages’ infrastructure So, public servants, opinion leaders, parents, for storage of orchard products. and educators, as trustees of this inestimable treasure, we are bound by the requirements of A particular emphasis will be put on land acces- our language, attitudes, behavior, and actions that sibility for women. I shall personally see to that. There is no doubt that the big projects that From now until May 2005, the delegation of are now coming to maturity will create thousands public management will finish the organizational of jobs: the roads, the highways, the toll highway, and institutional audit of the administration that the new Blaise Diagne international airport, the began at my request. The modernization of the irrigation projects of hundreds of hectares in the state apparatus will not suffer from any dogma- Matam region, and the agricultural development tism. Its procedures and functioning regulations

that we are going to lead there, et cetera. But we must be lightened and simplified within the Senegal can still do better and more. As I am used to say- framework of the legal and regulatory disposi- ing, we must never limit our ambitions for our tions. The law amending some dispositions of the country or for Africa. general tax code is carried out in this respect. In spite of our efforts in the health sector, the The single global contribution, as it is called, 117 biggest of all sectors where we have made defi- established by that reform replaces six kinds of nite strides, there is still more work to do, a lot taxes. That principle will, of course, be adapted more work. We have stopped the progression of to each category of income. From now on, the AIDS, but let’s not sit on our laurels. Let us try to taxpayer subjected to the single global contribu- preserve the achievements and gain ground over tion pays the entire fiscal obligation once on an that enemy. I should add that our country has annual basis. As a result, there will be a decrease in just declared war on malaria, which devastates the cost of tax administration and an improvement our populations. in the effectiveness of the fiscal administration. At the global level, we are witnessing an era I would like to emphasize the particular of accelerated change. New paradigms are emerg- importance that I give to the relationship ing that affect the successes or the failures of between the administration and its patrons. As nations. Their names are speed, competitiveness, public services are supported by the taxpayers, and productivity. Marked by urgency, the new they must in return remain at the taxpayers’ dis- global environment leaves no place for inertia. posal through accessibility, neutrality, convivi- We must endlessly develop the ethic of work, ality, and courteousness. The services performed improve our sense of awakening and anticipation, are certainly not a favor to the customer. On the and hasten our cadence to stay abreast of coun- contrary, they are in fact a kind of credit, which tries that are moving forward. In that endeavor, I the citizen rightfully recovers. In the final analy- know I can rely on a renovated and modernized sis, even in the case of an ill-founded request, the administration, which must show the way. administration’s denial must always be conveyed It is with that perspective that I am going to to the interested party. launch the National Program of Good Gover- I compel public servants at all levels to ensure nance, which was conceived to improve the the strict observance of these rules and to penalize quality of our public service, to promote an envi- without fail any shortcomings. ronment suitable for private investments, and to Obviously, the motivation of public servants is create the best conditions for an administration at the foundation of a well-functioning adminis- that will be close to the people in order to have a tration. After the last salary raise, the government positive effect on their standard of living. remains in favor of improving the purchasing This program is built around clearly identified power of state employees. strategic choices: transparency, a merciless fight The profitability of economic activity and the against absenteeism and corruption, the rein- qualitative change in our living conditions also forcement of institutional capacities (those of jus- remain functions of urban mobility. We must rec- tice in particular), and the use of new information ognize the obvious: with 2.5 million people on and communication technologies in all adminis- only 550 square kilometers, our capital city no trative activities, including the relations between longer accommodates certain requirements for the administration and the citizens. harmonious economic and social development.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 The New City project—which, I am proud to of our country and affect us all. The use of liber- say, was supported by consensus—is designed to ties will, therefore, be put into question. decongest Dakar by adjusting the spatial occupa- To all our countrymen who indulge irrespon- tion of our country. In the meantime, a program sibly in the game of protest, I remind you that designed to improve the flow of traffic in Dakar because we have the right to strike does not mean and its surroundings will be launched as early as that we must do it every day. Even in France, next July. there is no such abuse of rights and liberties as Nevertheless, creating a better Senegal we notice in our country today. The result is requires all of us to give the best of ourselves. that those who observe us from outside will say: I have talked at length about the values and “President Wade hastily establishes democracy, 118 virtues of our society. But we also have a gap to when for us, it took three centuries.” We have to fill. My dear countrymen, we must revolutionize contradict them and demonstrate that we are a the way we think and redefine our relationship mature people who know how to manage our with work, the norms of discipline, and the liberties without constraints. organization and ranking of our priorities. Such Knowing that strikes are net losses for a actions as the unreasonable obstruction of public national economy but wanting badly to catch up ways, the illegal occupation of public space, and with the West, Japanese people invented an origi- the deliberate violation of traffic and public sani- nal form of protest, that of the red scarf, or tation regulations create many obstacles to our silence, or of singing while working. You can society’s involvement in the march toward protest in many other forms; strikes are only one durable progress. way of doing it. Therefore, let us think of forms I would like to thank all students for their of protest that are compatible with underdevelop- renewed trust on the occasion of the inaugural ment and our country’s will to make up its gaps. lecture that I gave at the university on Friday, Like the Japanese people, we must invent March 26, 2004. In truth, we are providing a lot new forms of protest. The most important is to in the sector of education: 173 billion CFA this get the authorities to notice the demonstration. year, with scholarships or financial aid available Perhaps wear an armband while working. Students to everyone. But we will strive to do better by must know that every minute is important to allocating 50 percent of our budget to education them and to the nation. They could, for instance, in 2007. Even though it is a difficult task, we will stage a sit-in in the amphitheaters and ask for get as close to that goal as possible. more classes! Workers should also find other But to those students who declare a forty- forms of expression. In short, I am confident that eight-hour strike for no reason, I would like to you can do at least as well as the Japanese and say that they are compromising their future. The find some forms of expression that will not jeop- amount of time that a student has to study at the ardize our training or our economy. Of course, university is limited. Whoever advises otherwise these suggestions do not put into question consti- is giving you bad advice and does not care about tutional liberties, such as the right to go on strike. your future. Having put the right to protest in I would like to come back to the youth of the Constitution does not mean that every morn- Senegal. I always meet you with the same enthu- ing, for no reason, you must abandon your work siasm, and I am sure that you will be at tomor- or studies and fill the streets. Hours lost in row’s historic rendezvous. I understand the patri- protest represent gaps in education and therefore otic flame that burns in you. So I am on your a loss for our country. side, and I am listening to you. In addressing all of you now, I invite everyone With the National Fund for Youth to fully exercise his or her constitutional rights Promotion, the National Youth Employment and liberties, but also to cultivate a republican Agency, and the Young People in the Farm behavior and adopt responsible language. Ill- Program, my ambition is to establish with you a considered behavior will project a negative image strong and durable alliance at the national level against youth unemployment. Because of your overwhelming energy, you are the most reliable allies in a developing country. I have asked the government to open new work sites not only for disabled people, so they can be rehabilitated into our social and active life, but also for the

vagrant young people in the neighborhoods. We Senegal acknowledge that our immense efforts on behalf of youth, which have been praised everywhere in Africa and in the world, have neglected the idle youth who do not attend Islamic or modern 119 schools. I ask that the mayors put together special programs for these youth and to convey them to the prime minister through the tutelage minister in charge. Although the budget is closed for this fiscal year, I would like to make sure that those projects will be taken into account in the next national budget. In the meantime, the prime min- ister, the finance minister, and the mayors will try to find the means to tackle this important matter. Today we also celebrate the national army. Totally devoted to the cause of the nation and the republic, our armed forces periodically pay the price of their noble mission. This year, three sol- diers fell under the bullets of bandits, and others were wounded by treason. These lost outlaws think that they can oppose the profound peace movement started in Casamance. They are sadly mistaken, for nothing—I mean nothing—will turn us away from our path toward everlasting peace. Our army always distinguishes itself in several war theaters in the service of peace and inter- national security. What makes me happiest is that our army is called everywhere because of its professionalism and its soldiers’ honesty. Our soldiers do not loot the countries that call them, but rather help the populations, the elderly, the women, and the children. Our soldiers are solicited directly by the populations of countries that are in crisis. Therefore, on behalf of the whole nation, I congratulate the management of our army: officers, junior officers, and privates. Hand in hand, uniting the past and the pres- ent, let us continue our resolved march toward a brighter future for Senegal to live on in a stable, united, and proud Africa.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 d’importantes dépenses de restructuration des principales artères de la ville. Malheureusement, SÉNÉGAL malgré la course contre la montre, les Message à la Nation Adressé par le emplacements n’ont pas pu être livrés à l’Armée à temps. Je voudrais rassurer les populations de Chef de l’Etat, Excellence Abdoulaye Thiès, cette ville qui a été au premier rang de mon combat avec feu le Lion du Cayor, mon Wade, à la Veille de la Fête frère et ami Boubacar Sall, que nous nous y retrouverons bientôt pour inaugurer les belles Commémorative de l’Accession du réalisations dignes des villes les plus modernes. 120 Nous ne nous en arrêterons pas là, mais Sénégal à la Souveraineté poursuivrons nos efforts, en même temps que la modernisation d’autres capitales. Internationale, 03.04.2004, Je vous adresse donc, à toutes et à tous, mes Dakar remerciements et mes vives félicitations auxquelles j’associe les étrangers qui vivent parmi nous et ont leur part dans les résultats Sénégalaises, Sénégalais, mes chers compatriotes, remarquables qui font aujourd’hui notre fierté. hôtes étrangers qui vivez parmi nous, que Dieu Avant d’aller plus loin, je tiens à exprimer ma déverse encore sur vous Sa Grâce et Sa gratitude aux chefs d’états et de gouvernements Miséricorde, qu’Il reçoive en Son Paradis nos des pays frères qui, malgré les nombreuses et parents qui nous étaient si chers mais nous ont lourdes charges qu’ils assument ont sacrifié un quittés par Sa Volonté, qu’Il vienne en aide aux temps précieux pour venir à nos côtés et partager malades et à tous ceux qui souffrent sur cette notre joie. Leur présence donne aux festivités terre du Sénégal. commémoratives de notre indépendance un Demain, s’il-plaît au Tout Puissant, la nation cachet panafricaniste qui illustre éloquemment sénégalaise, une fois encore, célèbrera le 44ème l’idéal que nous partageons tous ensembles au anniversaire de son indépendance et date service de l’Union Africaine. d’accession à la souveraineté internationale. L’occurrence miraculeuse du chiffre 4 dans la C’est pourquoi, nous fêterons, au-delà de vie de notre nation n’aura certainement pas notre liberté retrouvée, les résultats remarquables échappé à votre vigilance. Jugez en: le 4 avril des efforts que notre peuple a consentis. C’est 2004 signifie le 4ème jour du 4ème mois de la pourquoi nous veillerons sur les acquis en étant 4ème année du millénaire. Le présent conscients du long chemin qui nous reste à faire. anniversaire est le 44ème. Nous constatons donc Aussi, devrons nous sans délai, nous remettre au un ensemble d’occurrences de 5 fois le nombre 4, travail en nous efforçant de faire mieux. dans lequel s’inscrit l’histoire du Sénégal. Le 19 mars, jour du 4ème anniversaire de mon Notre première préoccupation est, bien sur, accession au pouvoir, vous avez été nombreux, l’approfondissement de notre démocratie dans la très nombreux, mes chers Compatriotes, à venir à paix. Quelqu’un a dit “Le Sénégal a une mine: sa la Porte du Millénaire, dans la joie et l’allégresse, démocratie.” me manifester votre affection et votre satisfaction Aujourd’hui, la démocratie en action, au delà de la manière dont j’ai géré notre pays depuis que de ses bases bien ancrées dans la Constitution et vous m’en avez confié la direction il y a quatre dans nos lois, se consolide par le dialogue. C’est ans. Ce témoignage, à la face du monde, est plus pourquoi j’ai érigé le dialogue en culte! Dialogue éloquent que tous les discours. avec les partis politiques, dialogue avec les Cette fête avait été prévue de se dérouler à syndicats, dialogue avec toutes les forces vives de Thiès et c’est pour cette raison que j’avais autorisé la nation. Ouverture et dialogue, voilà ce qui fonde paix et la réconciliation, que toutes les mesures également notre démarche au-delà de nos d’apaisement que j’ai édictées pour accompagner frontières. le processus de paix restent en vigueur. La paix, l’entente cordiale avec nos voisins, la Le Gouvernement prendra donc toutes les promotion du NEPAD et la poursuite de l’Union dispositions nécessaires afin d’aider tous ceux qui africaine restent au cœur de notre action acceptent de déposer les armes, à retrouver une

diplomatique. vie normale, décente et digne de leurs familles. Senegal L’initiative de tenir à Dakar une conférence Et je n’exprimerai jamais assez ma compassion internationale sur le dialogue islamo-chrétien en à l’égard des victimes du Joola, en vérité victimes décembre 2005 et le projet de création d’une Cité de notre insouciance collective qui a accumulé les de la paix au Sénégal répondent à notre désir erreurs depuis près de 10 ans. Les indemnisations 121 ardent de contribuer à la paix universelle pour se poursuivent normalement selon une procédure instaurer entre les peuples des relations fondées simplifiée. S’il y a le moindre problème, ma porte sur le dialogue et la tolérance. reste ouverte pour que nous trouvions ensemble L’année dernière, je vous annonçais, dans mon et immédiatement la solution. Je demande au message du 4 avril, les progrès enregistrés pour le Gouvernement de terminer la prise en charge des retour définitif de la paix en Casamance. pupilles de la Nation, enfants des victimes et de Malgré les exactions d’une poignée de bandits poursuivre l’assistance aux jeunes et aux étudiants qui, se rendant compte que la terre est en train dont la vie a été perturbée par la tragédie. de se dérober sous leurs pieds, attaquent les La recherche de remplacement du Joola se démineurs et les villageois innocents, je dirai que poursuit. Je rappelle qu’un bateau de rien ne nous arrêtera sur le chemin vers la paix remplacement est en construction dans les voulue par le peuple sénégalais et par l’Abbé chantiers allemands depuis la tragédie, mais que Diamacoune Senghor et la direction historique le ministre des Transports est en train de du MFDC. Nous avons enregistré des acquis chercher un bateau qui, transitoirement, pourra réels et décisifs vers la paix et nous poursuivrons assurer le relais. nos efforts dans ce sens. J’ai donné à l’Armée Si, en moins d’un demi-siècle d’existence de l’ordre de protéger les populations désireuses de notre Etat, les Sénégalais ont su faire bloc, corps regagner leurs foyers ainsi que les personnes et âme, pour créer et consolider l’Etat-Nation, engagées dans la reconstruction. Le c’est que chaque Sénégalaise et chaque Sénégalais gouvernement est plus que jamais décidé à exaltent quotidiennement les vertus cardinales de exécuter normalement la mise en œuvre du patriotisme, d’amour du prochain, d’ouverture et programme de reconstruction de la Casamance. de tolérance qui habitent notre peuple depuis la En plus de la réhabilitation des villages, les nuit des temps. régions de Ziguinchor et de Kolda ont bénéficié L’histoire des peuples et la lecture attentive de récemment d’un financement de 825 millions sur l’actualité nous enseignent que, lorsqu’elle est notre budget. Les bailleurs tenant compte des fondée sur la négation de l’autre, la diversité progrès réalisés ont décidé de débloquer porte en elle les germes de la méfiance, charrie la l’assistance de 60 milliards promis pour cette tension et conduit aux conflits. reconstruction de la Casamance. Par contre, vécue dans le respect de nos Je tiens maintenant à exprimer toute différences, la diversité est source d’enrichissement mon appréciation positive aux jeunes qui, animés et d’harmonie. d’un formidable élan patriotique, ont pris une Rendons grâce à Dieu. Sur cette terre que part active à l’exécution du programme de nous ont légués nos ancêtres, nous avons, en reconstruction. effet, hérité de valeurs sublimes, propres à toutes Je voudrais dire, solennellement à tous ceux les composantes de notre corps social et fondées qui hésitent encore à faire le pas décisif vers la sur des rapports de respect mutuel, de tolérance

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 et de convivialité. Dans ce sens, je viens de Ma recherche permanente d’un consensus mettre en place une Académie des langues autour de l’essentiel, répond à ce souci de nationales où toutes les langues de notre pays, propulser le Sénégal dans le cercle des Nations sans exception, trouveront leur place. émergentes car, à la vérité, le combat qui nous Revisitons les règles de bienséance, l’esprit de reste à gagner est celui du développement. solidarité et de partage qui gouvernent et Le Livre Blanc sur les réalisations du raffermissent l’interaction entre nos différentes Gouvernement a abordé, en détail, et chiffres à religions. l’appui, les progrès que nous avons réalisés Ces règles et cet esprit font que les Sénégalais, ensemble depuis que vous m’avez investi de quelle que soit leur obédience religieuse, votre confiance pour mener avec vous la marche partagent les mêmes joies et les mêmes peines. 122 vers le changement. N’oublions pas, en effet, que dans une même Je ne reprendrai pas ici les éléments de ce famille se mêlent musulmans et catholiques, que document; je me contenterai seulement d’affirmer dans certains de nos cimetières, musulmans et haut et fort que le Sénégal se porte bien. chrétiens se reposent côte à côte pour l’éternité. Avec un taux de croissance de 6% en 2003, Tel est, et tel doit rester le Sénégal! notre économie continue d’enregistrer des Si j’insiste sur ces valeurs, c’est parce que, supports de notre cohésion sociale, elles forment performances qui nous valent la confiance notre référence identitaire. Comme une lumière renouvelée de nos partenaires. jaillissante de notre passé, elles illuminent notre Une diversification plus affirmée de la présent et éclairent notre futur. Sans elles, nos production agricole ouvre, pour nos paysans, de repères seraient brouillés et notre Nation meilleures perspectives de commercialisation. perdrait son âme. Cette tendance sera maintenue et renforcée Alors, pouvoirs publics, leaders d’opinion, pour la prochaine campagne, notamment par: parents, éducateurs, nous sommes tous, en tant que dépositaires de ce trésor inestimable, tenus • la poursuite des programmes maïs, sésame par les exigences de notre langage, les exigences et manioc et le lancement de nouveaux d’attitude, de comportement et d’action programmes comme le blé et le manioc; compatibles avec les principes fondateurs de la • la multiplication des centres polyvalents de République ainsi que les impératifs de paix, de formation d’agriculteurs; cohésion nationale et d’intégrité territoriale. • une meilleure maîtrise de l’eau avec les Gardons-nous d’emprunter des voies qui, bassins de rétention et les barrages ailleurs, n’ont pu mener qu’à l’impasse, voire au collinaires en plus des possibilités que nous chaos et à la ruine des peuples. offrent les pluies provoquées; Ensemble, veillons plutôt à préserver • les forêts villageoises d’arbres fruitiers et le jalousement cet héritage civilisationnel d’une renforcement des infrastructures villageoises grande richesse pour le transmettre, en guise de stockage. de viatique, à nos enfants, légataires du Sénégal de demain. Un accent particulier sera mis sur l’accès des Pour ma part, je resterai toujours une femmes à la terre. J’y veillerai personnellement. sentinelle vigilante pour la défense de ces valeurs et la consolidation de notre démocratie que nous Nul doute que les grands projets qui arrivent avons hissée au rang de celles dites majeures maintenant à maturation vont créer des milliers grâce à notre génie créateur. d’emplois: les routes, l’autoroute, l’autoroute à Voilà pourquoi je suis en permanence ouvert péage, le nouvel aéroport international Blaise au dialogue et à la concertation tant à l’endroit Diagne, les projets d’irrigation de centaines des partis politiques qu’à l’égard de tous les d’hectares dans la région de Matam et les partenaires sociaux. cultures que nous allons y faire, etc. Mais, nous pouvons encore faire plus et D’ici à Mai 2005, la Délégation au mieux. Comme j’ai l’habitude de le dire, nous ne Management Public devra terminer l’audit devons jamais plafonner nos ambitions pour organisationnel et institutionnel complet de notre pays et pour l’Afrique. Malgré nos efforts l’Administration qu’elle a déjà entamé sur ma dans le domaine de la santé, le plus grand de demande. tous les chantiers où nous avons accompli des La modernisation de l’appareil étatique ne

conquêtes certaines, il reste encore à faire, saurait souffrir d’un quelconque dogmatisme. Senegal beaucoup à faire. Nous avons stoppé l’avancée Dans le respect des dispositions légales et du SIDA, mais ne dormons pas sur nos lauriers. réglementaires, ses procédures et règles de Efforçons nous de conserver les acquis et de fonctionnement doivent être allégées et gagner de nouveaux territoires sur l’ennemi. simplifiées. 123 J’ajoute que notre pays vient de déclarer la La loi modifiant certaines dispositions du guerre au paludisme qui fait des ravages au sein Code général des impôts s’inscrit d’ailleurs dans de nos populations. cette optique. A l’échelle du monde, nous vivons en effet une La contribution globale unique, comme nous ère de mutations accélérées. De nouveaux l’appelons, instaurée par cette réforme, se paradigmes se déclinent et conditionnent le succès substitue ainsi à six différents impôts. Ce principe ou l’échec des Nations. Ils ont pour noms vitesse, sera bien entendu adapté à chaque catégorie. concurrence, compétitivité et productivité. Désormais, le redevable soumis à la Marqué du sceau de l’urgence, le nouvel contribution globale unique s’acquitte environnement mondial ne laisse aucune place à définitivement, et une seule fois par an, de ses l’inertie et à l’immobilisme. obligations fiscales. Il en résultera une réduction Il nous faut, sans cesse, développer la des coûts de gestion de l’impôt et une amélioration mystique du travail, aiguiser notre esprit d’éveil de l’efficacité de l’administration fiscale. et d’anticipation, hâter la cadence pour rester Je voudrais insister, ici, sur l’importance au diapason des pays qui avancent. Dans cet particulière que j’accorde aux rapports entre effort, je sais que je peux compter sur l’Administration et ses usagers. l’Administration rénovée et modernisée, qui Le service public étant à la charge du doit donner le ton. contribuable, il doit, en contrepartie, rester à la C’est dans cet esprit que je procéderai disposition de ce dernier par son accessibilité, sa prochainement au lancement officiel du neutralité et son accueil convivial et courtois. Programme National de bonne gouvernance La prestation de service n’est en rien une conçu pour améliorer la qualité du service public, faveur faite à l’usager. Au contraire, c’est même favoriser un environnement propice à une sorte de créance que le citoyen est en droit l’investissement privé et créer les conditions de recouvrer. optimales d’une Administration de proximité Au demeurant, même dans l’hypothèse d’une ayant un impact positif direct sur les conditions requête mal fondée, le refus de l’Administration de vie des populations. doit toujours être notifié à l’intéressé. Ce programme s’articule autour de choix J’engage les pouvoirs publics, à tous les stratégiques clairement identifiés: la transparence, échelons, à veiller au respect strict de ces règles la lutte sans merci contre l’absentéisme et la et sanctionner, sans faiblesse, les manquements. corruption, le renforcement des capacités Evidemment, la motivation des agents est institutionnelles-en particulier celles de la justice- aussi à la base d’une Administration performante. et l’utilisation des nouvelles technologies de Après la dernière hausse des salaires, le l’information et de la communication dans toutes Gouvernement reste cette année encore dans la les activités de l’Administration et dans les dynamique d’une revalorisation du pouvoir relations entre elle et les citoyens. d’achat des agents de l’Etat.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 La rentabilité de l’activité économique et le grève renouvelables,” je voudrais dire que c’est changement qualitatif de nos conditions de vie leur avenir qu’ils compromettent. Le temps que restent aussi tributaires de la mobilité urbaine. passe l’étudiant à l’université pour étudier est Nous devons nous rendre à l’évidence: avec limité. Quiconque vous conseille autre chose plus de 2,5 millions d’habitants sur seulement vous donne de mauvais conseils et ne se 550 Km carrés, notre capitale ne répond plus à préoccupe pas de votre avenir. certaines exigences d’un développement “Ce n’est pas parce que j’ai inscrit dans la économique et social harmonieux. Constitution le droit à la marche qu’il faut tous Le projet de ville nouvelle, qui a d’ailleurs fait les matins, pour un oui ou un non, abandonner l’objet d’un large consensus (et je m’en félicite), a son travail ou ses études et occuper les rues. Les 124 pour vocation de désengorger Dakar en opérant heures perdues sont autant de richesses non un rééquilibrage dans l’occupation spatiale de créées et donc perdues pour notre pays.” notre pays. M’adressant maintenant à vous tous, je En attendant sa réalisation, un programme voudrais inviter chacun à exercer pleinement ses destiné à assurer une meilleure fluidité de la droits et libertés reconnus dans notre circulation à Dakar et ses environs sera lancé dès Constitution, mais à cultiver un comportement juillet prochain. républicain et à adopter un langage mesuré. Mais en tout état de cause, l’avènement d’un Donner de notre pays, par un comportement peu Sénégal meilleur exige que chacun de nous donne réfléchi, une image négative peut nous atteindre le meilleur de lui-même. tous. C’est toute la problématique de l’usage des J’ai tant évoqué les valeurs et vertus de notre libertés qui est ainsi posée. société. Mais, nous avons également un passif A tous nos compatriotes qui, de plus en plus à résorber. s’adonnent au jeu de la marche et des grèves, je Il nous faut, mes chers compatriotes, par une rappelle ceci: révolution collective des mentalités, redéfinir nos Ce n’est pas parce qu’on a le droit de grève rapports avec le travail, les normes de la qu’il faut faire la grève tous les jours. Même en discipline, d’organisation et de hiérarchisation de France, il n’y a pas ce qu’on appelle les abus de nos priorités. liberté que nous constatons chez nous à présent. Des pratiques telles que l’encombrement indu Le résultat, c’est que ceux qui nous observent de de la voie publique, l’occupation illégale de l’extérieur disent: “le Président Wade va trop vite l’espace, la violation délibérée des règles en en voulant installer la démocratie au galop. Nous, matière de circulation et de salubrité publique disent-ils, nous avons mis trois siècles.” constituent autant d’obstacles dont la levée Il nous faut démentir ceux-là et montrer que conditionne en grande partie l’engagement de nous sommes un peuple majeur qui sait gérer ses notre société sur la voie d’un progrès durable. libertés sans contrainte. Je voudrais à présent remercier les étudiantes J’ai eu l’occasion de dire que les Japonais, qui et les étudiants pour leur confiance renouvelée à ont voulu rattraper les Occidentaux, sachant que l’occasion de la leçon inaugurale que j’ai donnée la grève, finalement, est une perte sèche de à l’université, le vendredi 26 mars 2004. C’est l’économie nationale, ont inventé une nouvelle vrai que nous faisons beaucoup pour l’éducation: forme originale de grève, celle du foulard rouge, 173 milliards cette année, des bourses ou aides à du silence ou du chant, tout en travaillant. Cela, tous. Mais nous essaierons de faire mieux pour on peut le faire de plusieurs manières et la grève atteindre, en 2007, 50% du budget dédié à n’est qu’une forme parmi tant d’autres. Alors l’éducation. Même si cela est difficile, nous exerçons notre imagination pour définir des essaierons d’approcher cette norme. formes compatibles avec notre état de sous Mais à ceux qui, étudiants et élèves, pour un développement, notre état d’un pays qui veut oui ou un non, décrètent le fameux “48 heures de rattraper ses retards. Nous devons comme les Japonais, inventer de entendu, l’année budgétaire est déjà bouclée, nouvelles formes de protestations. Car ce qui est mais je tiens à ce que les projets y afférents important, c’est que la manifestation soit perçue trouvent une bonne place dans le prochain par l’autorité. Pourquoi ne pas porter un brassard budget de la nation. En attendant, le Premier mais travailler? Les étudiants doivent savoir que Ministre, le Ministre des Finances et les Maires chaque minute est importante pour eux et pour la s’efforceront de trouver les moyens d’aborder

nation. Ils pourraient décider, par exemple, de ne ce problème qui me tient à cœur. Senegal pas sortir des amphithéâtres et réclamer Cette fête est également celle de l’Armée davantage de cours, encore des cours! Les nationale. travailleurs en général devraient aussi trouver Vouées entièrement aux causes de la Nation d’autres formes d’expression. Bref, je fais et de la République, nos forces armées paient 125 confiance à votre imagination à tous pour faire au périodiquement le tribut de leur noble mission. moins aussi bien que les Japonais, trouver des Ce sont encore trois soldats qui sont tombés sous formes d’expression qui ne portent pas préjudice les balles des bandits et d’autres blessés par la à la formation ou à l’économie. Bien entendu, ce traîtrise. Les desperados perdus pensent qu’ils sont là des suggestions qui ne remettent nullement pourront, par le banditisme, s’opposer au en cause les libertés, notamment le droit de grève, profond mouvement de paix entamé largement qui sont inscrites dans notre Constitution. en Casamance. Ils se trompent lourdement car Je voudrais revenir vers les jeunes du Sénégal. rien, je dis rien, ne nous détournera de notre voie Je vous retrouve toujours avec le même vers la paix définitive. enthousiasme et je suis persuadé que vous serez Notre armée s’illustre toujours sur les encore au rendez-vous historique demain. Je différents théâtres d’opération, au service de la connais la flamme patriotique qui brûle en vous. paix et de la sécurité internationales. Aussi suis-je à vos côtés et à votre écoute. Ce qui me fait le plus plaisir, c’est qu’on Avec le Fonds National pour la promotion de l’appelle partout en raison de son la jeunesse, l’Agence Nationale pour l’Emploi des professionnalisme mais aussi de l’honnêteté de Jeunes et le Programme “Jeunes dans les Fermes nos soldats qui, dit-on, ne pillent pas les pays où Agricoles,’’ mon ambition est de sceller avec ils sont appelés, mais aident plutôt les vous, à l’échelle national, un pacte fort et durable populations, les vieilles personnes, les femmes et contre le chômage des jeunes. les enfants. Nos soldats sont réclamés par les Dans un pays en plein chantier, vous êtes, par populations elles-mêmes des pays bouleversés par votre énergie débordante, les alliés les plus sûrs. des conflits internes. C’est pourquoi, je voudrais, J’ai demandé au Gouvernement d’ouvrir de au nom de la Nation, féliciter l’encadrement de nouveaux chantiers: le chantier des handicapés notre armée, les officiers, sous-officiers et soldats. qu’il faut poursuivre pour que ceux-là soient La main dans la main, unissant le passé et le définitivement réinsérés dans notre vie sociale présent, continuons notre marche résolue vers un et active, ainsi que le chantier des jeunes inactifs futur lumineux pour que vive le Sénégal, dans des quartiers. une Afrique debout, unie et fière. Il nous faut reconnaître que nos immenses Bonsoir et que la fête soit belle! efforts vers la jeunesse, reconnus partout en Afrique et dans le monde, ont négligé les jeunes inactifs des quartiers, ceux qui ne fréquentent ni école moderne, ni école coranique et ne savent que faire de leur temps. Je demande aux Maires de confectionner des programmes spéciaux et de les communiquer au Premier ministre par l’intermédiaire du ministère de tutelle. Bien

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 SOUTH AFRICA Divider Page SOUTH AFRICA 128 Nelson Mandela delivered our first State of the Nation Address before the first democratically elected parliament on 24 May 1994. In that address he quoted from a poem by Ingrid Jonker:

. . . the child is present at all assemblies and law-givings the child peers through the windows of houses and into the hearts of mothers this child who just wanted to play in the sun at Nyanga is everywhere the child grown to a man treks through State of the Nation Address by His all Africa the child grown to a giant journeys Excellency Thabo Mbeki, the through the whole world Without a pass President of South Africa, at the Nelson Mandela then went on to say: Opening of Parliament And in this glorious vision, she instructs 6 February 2004 that our endeavours must be about the liberation of the woman, the emancipation Cape Town of the man, and the liberty of the child. It is these things that we must achieve to give meaning to our presence in this chamber and to give purpose to our occupancy of the seat of government. And so we must, constrained by, and yet regardless of the accumulated effect of our historical burdens, seize the time to define for ourselves what we want to make of our shared destiny. The government I have the honour to lead, and I dare say the masses who elected us to serve in this role, are inspired by the single vision of creating a people-centred society. Accordingly, the purpose that will drive this government shall be the expan- listen to President Mandela deliver the State of sion of the frontiers of human fulfilment, the Nation Address, fellow South Africans were the continuous extension of the frontiers continuing to die as a result of political violence. of freedom. The acid test of the legitimacy For instance, the South Africa Yearbook 1995 of the programmes we elaborate, the gov- reported that “although political violence South Africa ernment institutions we create, [and] the declined during and after the April 1994 election, legislation we adopt must be whether they extensive criminal and political violence contin- serve these objectives. ued to persist in the country, especially in KwaZulu-Natal and on the East Rand of the We begin the last session of our Second Gauteng Province.” Daily fatalities from political Democratic Parliament two and a half months violence still numbered six in May and just under 129 before we celebrate our First Decade of Liberation four in June. and Democracy. We also meet in these Houses of Others among us will have forgotten that as Parliament not long before we hold our third gen- we sat here listening to that first State of the eral elections. It is, therefore, natural that our Nation Address, the commitment made by national legislature should spend some time President Mandela to ensure “the expansion of reflecting on what we have achieved—and not the frontiers of human fulfilment” was to many achieved—during the last ten years. Inevitably, all little more than a promise they appreciated but of us will also make speeches aimed at improving could not fully comprehend. our fortunes in the forthcoming elections. The question had still to be answered as to But perhaps the correct starting point for the where the resources would be found to finance government would be to recall what was said as the “expansion of the frontiers of human fulfil- we began our journey into our democratic future. ment” of which President Mandela spoke. In the It was for this reason that I quoted what decade [leading] up to the middle of 1993, the President Mandela said at the start of the first average annual gross domestic product [GDP] session of the First Democratic Parliament. growth rate was less than 1 percent. During the To repeat what he said: first half of 1995, the annualised growth rate stood at 1 percent. For the fiscal year 1994–1995, The government I have the honour to the budget deficit stood at 6.6 percent. Consumer lead, and I dare say the masses who elected price inflation in the twelve months [leading] up us to serve in this role, are inspired by the to April 1995 was 11 percent. single vision of creating a people-centred By the end of that year, the interest rate stood society. Accordingly, the purpose that will at 13 percent. On 14 February 1995, the then drive this government shall be the expan- governor of the Reserve Bank, Chris Stals, said, sion of the frontiers of human fulfilment, “A more restrictive monetary policy is needed to the continuous extension of the frontiers make sure that the current economic upswing of freedom. The acid test of the legitimacy will not be of the boom-bust nature of earlier of the programmes we elaborate, the gov- times, but will be more durable.” ernment institutions we create, [and] the On 29 June of the same year, Mr. Stals legislation we adopt must be whether they sounded an ominous note when he said, “Under- serve these objectives. lying inflationary pressures are undoubtedly in- creasing again in the South African economy.... Sometimes it is difficult to fully understand If left unchecked, this trend will eventually force the fact that we are barely ten years past a time in the abortion of the welcome improvement over the lives of our people when our collective future the past year in real economic growth, and will was very uncertain. Some among us hardly will frustrate the objectives of the Reconstruction remember that even as we met in this House to and Development Programme.”

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 On 28 August 1995, Chris Stals said, “Basically, dirt roads of the shantytowns, ready to pounce on the South African economy is not competitive their victims without mercy. enough to enable it to maintain an economic They walked the long distances to return to growth rate at a level high enough for its own their homesteads of rural squalor, to the morn- needs. More drastic economic restructuring will be ings of drudgery, to women with bucketsful of needed to lift the growth potential of the economy dirty river water on their heads, to the daily diet to the desired and more acceptable level.” of mealie-pap, to the dark, still, and menacing In the same speech, he expressed the uncer- nights broken only by the weak flickering light of tainties of the day when he said, “Economic the paraffin lamp and the dying embers of an growth will, in the final situation, be dependent exhausted fire on a humble hearth. 130 not only on an improvement in the economic Yet they had a spring in their step because structure of the country, but even more so on they knew that a new dawn had proclaimed the political and social stability. In the final situation, coming of a bright day. Though their hands car- all business decisions are influenced by the over- ried the emptiness to which generations of depri- all environment in which they are taken.” vation had accustomed them, their hearts and On 12 October 1995, he said that the country minds were fired up by a newfound sense of still was faced with some political uncertainties, hope—as well as the attendant feeling of dread which [have an] impact on our economic lest that hope turn out to be but a mere mirage, prospects. He said: the false creation of a wish that was intensely felt. The experience of many decades taught us to At this stage . . . the country still has understand that the black poor of our country to face: the first fully democratic elec- valued a just peace as deeply as they valued their tion for local authorities, scheduled to lives. It taught us that their sense of pride in take place in early November 2004; themselves as human beings made it impossible a more clear definition of the political, for them to join in a mass slaughter of other economic, and financial relationships human beings, even to satisfy the basic instincts between the central government and of vengeance and retaliation to settle scores. regional governments; and the drafting Over many decades, we saw that these masses of a final Constitution to replace the would always refuse to turn racist simply because current interim Constitution before the they were subjected to cruel, racist rule. When a next general election can take place. hero in their midst, Chris Hani, was murdered in cold blood, they refused to fulfil the prophesy of Since time immemorial, the overwhelming the poet that the blood-dimmed tide would be majority of our people knew nothing but despair. loosed to drown the ceremony of innocence. They knew as an incontestable fact that tomor- They stood in the voting lines side by side row would not be better than yesterday; it was with those who had been their oppressors, and also fixed and given that the following day would never uttered a single word of anger, nor jostled be worse. But then 27 April 1994 came, and the white person next to them because they felt things changed radically and irrevocably for all that their time to become the new masters had South Africans. arrived. Black and white stood together, voluntar- For the black and especially African majority, ily acting together for the first time in our history, suddenly a new dawn broke. After these masses to give birth to a new social order that would had cast their votes, they still had nothing in serve the interests of all our people. their stomachs or their pockets. They walked When the leadership of these black masses away from the polling booths to return to their said to them that despite the fact that their chil- miserable shacks, their children made listless by dren, their brothers and sisters, their mothers hunger, [with] brutish thugs prowling the unlit and fathers, had been slaughtered in Boipatong and elsewhere on the many killing fields in our coming. Look at crime! Rape! Guns and country, they as leaders were obliged to pursue mayhem! Decaying cities! Abandoned fac- the peaceful advance to a just peace, these masses tories! Incompetence and corruption agreed and urged that the dialogue chamber everywhere! When our new rulers dis- should bring to the nation the gift of a just peace. missed such criticism as racist, I said, Fine: South Africa They thought and acted as they did because If that’s the price one pays for speaking the they knew—better than those who had been cer- truth, I will consider myself honoured and tified as learned—that only a just peace would continue. Hospitals don’t work anymore! end their despair and bring into their lives the Surly nurses! Drunken teachers! A civil sense of hope that would make it possible for service where the phones just ring! them to bear the pain of hunger until the day 131 came when they would no longer go hungry. Malan ends his personal testimony with these It was for these reasons that they had fought, words: “It is infinitely worse to receive than to ready to sacrifice their lives, for the just peace give, especially if one is arrogant and the gift is and the sense of hope they saw as necessary con- something big, like mercy or forgiveness. The ditions for their survival as human beings. Those gift of 1994 was so huge that I choked on it and among us who are fond of threatening violence couldn’t say thank you. But I am not too proud to promote a cause should learn to know this, to say it now.” that the masses of our people are ready and will- I have borrowed these honest words from ing to sacrifice once again to defend the peace Rian Malan to tell the painful story [of how] and [to] keep alive the sense of hope that enables strangely, but unsurprisingly, despair has changed them to behave in mysteriously miraculous ways. its domicile—because of 27 April 1994, our I must presume that many of us read the mov- Freedom Day. Now because freedom for all our ing article by Rian Malan published last Sunday. people had become the defining feature of our He says: reality, those who had rejoiced in the supremacy of their race opened their doors to despair. On this day, ten years ago, I was hiding Those who had had despair imposed upon gold coins under floorboards and trying to them rejoiced in the triumph of the angel of hope, get my hands on a gun before the balloon which brought a new life of a shared neighbour- went up. As a white South African, I was hood to all our people, no longer fractured by fully expecting war as right-wing Boers high, fortified walls of hatred, fear, and mistrust. and Bantustan chiefs conspired to annihi- But this too, the transference of the burden of late Nelson Mandela’s people, and the despair, became part of the reality that the new ANC [African National Congress] leader democratic order had to address. It became part squabbled with President FW de Klerk of what had to be done to achieve what President over who deserved more credit for their Mandela foretold when he spoke from this podi- shared Nobel Prize. um about the expansion of the frontiers of In my view, peace would never come. human fulfilment and the continuous extension There was too much history, too much of the frontiers of freedom. pain and anger.... Almost ten years after its liberation from Ten days before the predicted apoca- white minority rule, our country still faces many lypse, there came a miraculous reprieve. challenges. Many of our people are unemployed. A reverent quiet settled upon the nation, Many of our people continue to live in poverty. and the election passed off entirely Violence against the person in all its forms con- peacefully.... tinues to plague especially those sections of our I set out to discredit the outcome. The population that are poor and live in socially peace is illusory, I sneered; anarchy is still depressed communities.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 The burden of disease [affecting] our people, This real story is that before 1994: including AIDS, continues to be a matter of seri- ous concern, as do issues that relate to the fact • estimates of the housing backlog ranged that many of our people, including the youth, from 1.4 million to 3 million units, and lack the education and skills that our economy people living in shacks were between 5 and society need. million to 7.7 million; There are still many of our people who live in • 60 percent of the population of South Africa shacks and others who have no access to clean had no access to electricity; water, proper sanitation, and electricity. Imbal- • 16 million people had no access to ances and inequalities that [have an] impact on clean water; 132 fellow citizens on the basis of race, gender, and • 22 million people did not have access to geographic dispersal continue to persist. adequate sanitation; In the 1994 State of the Nation Address to • there were seventeen fragmented depart- which we have referred, President Mandela said, ments of education with a disproportionate “We have learnt the lesson that our blemishes allocation of resources to white schools; and speak of what all humanity should not do.” The • there was a 70 percent secondary-school point we have sought to make in the last few enrolment. minutes in referring to the challenges we contin- ue to face is that the blemishes Mandela spoke of A decade later: continue to disfigure our society. We have not yet eradicated the cruel legacy we inherited, which • about 1.9 million housing subsidies have he characterised as the blemishes that all human- been provided and 1.6 million houses built ity should avoid. for the poor of our country; Despite this reality, the answer we have given • more than 70 percent [of] households have and will continue to give to the question of been electrified; whether we have made progress with regard to • 9 million additional people now have access the fundamental tasks of which Nelson Mandela to clean water; spoke on 24 May 1994 is a resounding yes! • 63 percent of households now have access Together with all other objective observers to sanitation; of social development, we have always known • there has been a successful formation of an that our country’s blemishes, produced by more integrated education system, even though than three centuries of colonialism and apartheid, there is a clear need for more resource allo- could not be removed in one decade. Neverthe- cation and capacity building in poor areas; less, we have no hesitation in saying that we have • nutrition and early-childhood interventions made great advances to ensure the expansion have been established to improve results for of the frontiers of human fulfilment and the children from poor backgrounds; and continuous extension of the frontiers of the free- • by 2002, secondary-school enrolment had dom, which Nelson Mandela spoke of almost reached 85 percent. ten years ago. The statistics and concrete information of Again, the real story of our country tells us which the Honourable Members, distinguished that ten years ago: guests, and our country are familiar tell the real story of what we have done and had to do to • South Africa was in its twenty-first year of create the people-centred society that has been double-digit inflation; central to the work of both our first and second • the country had had three years of negative democratic governments. growth—the economy and the wealth of the nation were shrinking; • South Africa had experienced more than a Freedom and our progress towards the creation decade of declining growth per capita—the of a people-centred society. The imbizo process average income of South Africans had been has given us an excellent opportunity to hear falling since the 1980s, and the overall directly from the people what these figures mean wealth of the country had declined by nearly to them. South Africa one-third; It has been truly inspiring to hear directly • from 1985 to the middle of 1994, total net from the people as they expressed their concerns, capital outflow from our country amounted communicated their aspirations, and made sug- to almost R50 billion. gestions about what needs to be done to take us • government had run up a budget deficit equal further to meet the needs of the people. to 9.5 percent of the GDP, including the debt These masses—essentially but not exclusively 133 of the so-called independent homelands; the poor of our country—invariably speak well of • the net open forward position of the South the improvements to the quality of their lives African Reserve Bank was $25 billion in that have occurred during the last ten years. deficit; and They talk about the increased access to better • public-sector debt was equal to 64 percent housing, water, electricity, roads, land, school of the GDP. meals, and social grants. But these masses are equally insistent about It was this unhealthy economic situation that the need for all of us to act together to address led Chris Stals to make the observations to which the outstanding challenges. Regularly, they raise we have referred. the issue of the need for jobs and for appropriate A decade later: training, especially for the youth, to ensure that upon completing their school years, they are able • inflation is down to 4 percent if you use the to find employment. Like others of our rural CPIX [Consumer Price Index excluding the communities, rural KwaZulu-Natal called on the interest rate on mortgage bonds] or less government to help with the provision of tractors than 1 percent if you use the CPI and seed to assist the people in tilling the soil. [Consumer Price Index]; The people have not hesitated to make frank • the country is experiencing the longest pe- and critical assessments, especially of the quality riod of consistent positive growth since the of service delivery in their localities as well as the GDP was properly recorded in the 1940s; performance of the municipal councillors. They • the net open forward position of the South also boldly raise questions about such [issues] as African Reserve Bank rose to $4.7 billion in crime, health matters, and instances of perceived surplus by the end of last year; and or actual corruption and malpractice. • public-sector debt has come down to less Last week we were at Msinga in KwaZulu- than 50 percent of GDP. Natal. One of the participants at the imbizo com- plained that although people had cellular phones Since 2001, we have engaged our people in the in this rural and mountainous area, they [were various provinces in the process of izimbizo, the unable to] use them. He explained that this was seventh and latest being KwaZulu-Natal. By this because the cellular phone companies had not means we have sought to deepen the interaction erected the necessary masts. between the national government and the masses The staff of the President’s Office immediate- of our people. The national ministers and provin- ly contacted Vodacom and informed them of the cial and local governments have also carried out complaint made at the imbizo. I am very pleased their own imbizo campaigns for the same reason. to say that two days ago one of the local leaders We have just presented some of the statistics at Msinga called to say that the service providers that tell part of the story of our First Decade of had come to the area within hours to attend to

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 the complaint. In less than a week, the people of These masses attend the imbizo confident of Msinga had been given the possibility to commu- their right to communicate directly with their nicate by telephone among themselves and with government and certain that the process presents the rest of the country and the world. them with a genuine opportunity to have their We held our last imbizo in KwaZulu-Natal at concerns addressed. I have listened to our people Gamalakhe near Harding, in the Ugu District boldly expressing their views even in areas that Municipality. At this imbizo a local resident drew not so long ago were paralysed by the fear that to our attention to instances of corruption in our speak one’s mind was to invite death. prisons. He then gave us details of his experience This has said to me that we have moved for- of this corruption. ward, most significantly towards the realisation of 134 We have passed these details to Judge the objective presented by President Mandela Thabane Jali, who heads the Judicial Commission when he committed us to the continuous exten- investigating malpractices in our correctional sys- sion of the frontiers of freedom. tem and who, I understand, is also present in the Most of us here will remember that not so chamber. Again, I am pleased to say that within long ago, the government and the state were days of receiving this information, Judge Jali public enemy number one to the masses of our instructed the people assisting him in KwaZulu- people. Then, some thought that to advance the Natal to meet the complainant and follow up on demand that the people should govern was the his allegations. mere rhetoric of politicians hungry for power. I mention these two instances because they Institutions that were the cause of our despair demonstrate the positive response by the public have today become repositories of hope. and private sectors to the call we have made for When we presented the State of the Nation all our people to work together in the spirit of Address to our Second Democratic Parliament letsema to tackle the common problems facing on 25 June 1999, we talked about “the enormity our country and people and [to demonstrate] that of the challenge we face to succeed in creating the government takes the imbizo process very the caring society we have spoken of.” seriously and tries at all times to respond to the We said that: issues raised by the people within the context of available resources. For this reason this is not a task that can Again, I mention this because some in our be carried out by the government alone. country, for reasons best known to them, seem The challenge of the reconstruction and very keen to criticise the government’s response development of our society into one which to the imbizo on false grounds. This happened guarantees human dignity faces the entire- recently when ill-informed allegations were made ty of our people. It is a national task that about the commitments we had made to the peo- calls for the mobilisation of the whole ple of Bekkersdal in Gauteng. nation into a united people’s action, into I would like to take this opportunity to thank a partnership with government for pro- both Vodacom and Judge Jali and express the gressive change and a better life for all, for hope that others will follow the excellent example a common effort to build a winning nation. they have set for all of us. The government therefore commits itself But perhaps more striking than everything we to work in a close partnership with all our have said so far about the imbizo process is the people, inspired by the call—Faranani!— people’s palpable sense of confidence in a better to ensure that we draw on the energy future for their country and themselves. This and genius of the nation to give birth to goes together with the complete absence of any something that will surely be new, good, sense of distance or alienation from the govern- and beautiful. ment they elected. The masses of our people, individuals, fully addressing the important challenges of and institutions, among whom we cited Judge persistent racial and gender inequalities, the Thabane Jali and Vodacom, are responding disempowerment of our youth and people with magnificently to the call we repeat today and disabilities, and proper care for children and will repeat in the future: Faranani! the elderly. South Africa In a few months, we will return to these We must ensure that our country and people chambers to inaugurate our Third Democratic are properly positioned within the global com- Parliament. Whoever will be president then will munity of nations, fully understanding and deliver yet another State of the Nation Address. responding to the diverse political, economic, That will provide an opportunity to address the social, and technological challenges of the more detailed issues on the government’s pro- process of globalisation. In this regard, we will 135 gramme as well as matters that will be covered in have to persist in the work we are doing towards the budget speech and the Medium-Term Rev- the regeneration of Africa and the construction enue and Expenditure Framework perspectives of a new and more equitable world order. that will support the government’s actions as our The advances we must record demand that we country begins its second decade of democracy. ensure that the public sector discharges its Today we present the long-term perspective responsibilities to our people as a critical player for the continued transformation of our country in the process of the growth, reconstruction, and that will and must be based on our country’s development of our country. In particular, this achievements during its First Decade of will require that we further strengthen our sys- Liberation. In this regard, we would like to tem of local government and ensure that the sys- restate this matter unequivocally—that the poli- tem of traditional government plays the role cies required to translate what President Mandela ascribed to it in our Constitution and legislation. said in May 1994 are firmly in place. We must achieve greater progress with regard Accordingly, we do not foresee that there will to the integration of our system of governance, be any need for new and major policy initiatives. achieving seamless cooperation both within and The task we will all face during the decade ahead among all spheres of government. At the same will be to ensure the vigorous implementation time, we must further consolidate the practise of of these policies, to create the winning people- creating public-private partnerships and building centred society of which Nelson Mandela spoke. government–civil society cooperation to ensure If I may say this, creating that winning nation that we utilise our collective capacities to give must include greatly improved organisation, further impetus to the overall development and management, and performance by all the national transformation of our country. teams, Bafana Bafana, the Springboks, the With regard to the public sector, I would like Proteas, and our athletics teams. to take this opportunity to salute and thank espe- The work we will do must decisively move cially the cadre of public-sector managers and our country forward in the eradication of poverty leaders that has emerged over the last decade, and underdevelopment. We must achieve further many of whom are with us in this chamber. The and [more] visible advances with regard to work they have done and are doing has placed improving the quality of life of all our people, them at the very forefront of the historic pro- affecting many critical areas of social existence, cesses that are giving birth to a new society. including health, safety, and security; moral I have no hesitation in saying that they stand regeneration; social cohesion; sports and recre- tall even among their counterparts elsewhere in ation; and opening the doors of culture and edu- the world. We will continue to rely on them to cation to all. lead the state and parastatal machinery as we We will have to score new victories in the break new ground towards the creation of a struggle to create an egalitarian society, success- people-centred society.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 As we enter our Second Decade of Liberation, black economic empowerment; and the further we must continue to build the sense of national expansion of small and medium enterprises. unity, united action, and new patriotism that We will have to focus on implementing the have manifested in our people’s response to measures we have identified to ensure that we the calls Faranani, Masakhane, Letsema, and achieve better value for the money spent on social Vuk’uzenzele! Working together, in conditions delivery. Among other things, our success with of entrenched democracy, [with] respect for regard to both the first and second economies human rights, peace, and stability, we must con- must create the conditions for us to reduce the tinue to produce the good news that has made numbers of our people dependent on social grants. our country a place of hope even for other people This will increase the resources available for 136 in the rest of the world. social expenditures focused on further investing We already have the policies and programmes in our people to empower them to become better that will enable us to translate all the strategic activists for reconstruction and development— objectives we have just spoken of into a material away from trapping large numbers within the factor in achieving the goals of the expansion of paradigm of poverty alleviation. the frontiers of human fulfilment and the contin- We will also have to ensure that the institu- uous extension of the frontiers of freedom that tions and processes we have established and insti- Nelson Mandela spoke of a decade ago. tuted to give effect to the constitutional and prac- We have already identified the challenges tical requirement for cooperative governance posed by the second economy, which constitutes function effectively. We must also focus especially the structural manifestation of poverty, under- on raising skill levels within the public sector, and development, and marginalisation in our country. [we must] ensure managerial and technological We must therefore move vigorously to implement modernisation, driven by a clear understanding of all the programmes on which we have agreed to the developmental tasks of our democratic state. ensure that we extricate all our people from the We must be impatient with those in the public social conditions that spell loss of human dignity. service [sector] who see themselves as pen-pushers These include the urban renewal and rural and guardians of rubber stamps, thieves intent on development programmes, the expanded public- self-enrichment, bureaucrats who think they have works programme, the expansion of microcredit a right to ignore the vision of Batho Pele, who and small enterprises, the provision of adult basic come to work as late as possible, work as little as education and modern skills, and the develop- possible, and knock off as early as possible. ment of the social and economic infrastructure. We have also established institutions and This will also help us enormously to achieve processes to give effect to our shared desire to the goals of nonracism, nonsexism, balanced mobilise all our people voluntarily to act together urban-rural development, and social cohesion. to achieve the tasks of reconstruction and devel- At the same time, we must continue to focus opment. Quite clearly, the sustained calls for all on the growth, development, and modernisation of us to respond to a new patriotism have struck of the first economy to generate the resources a chord among all our people, black and white, without which it will not be possible to confront with the exception of the most selfish and self- the challenges of the second economy. This will centred among us. require further and significant infrastructure Needless to say, the further translation of the investment; skills development; scientific and tech- vision of faranani into a powerful motivating nological research; development and expansion of force for progressive change can only be achieved the knowledge economy; growth and modernisa- within the context of the democratic, popular, tion of the manufacturing and service sectors; and open participation of all our people, black deeper penetration of the global markets by our and white, in determining our shared destiny. products, thereby increasing our savings levels; In this regard, I notice that the traditional doomsayers are back at their favourite sport of to the needs of the poor of the world, who con- trying to frighten us with scarecrows. Seemingly, stitute the overwhelming majority of humanity. these have not achieved the maturity of a Rian The Iraq affair, the continuing and painful Malan. Instead, they paint monstrous pictures of conflict involving Israel and Palestine, the WTO impending violence during the forthcoming elec- [World Trade Organisation] failure at Cancún, South Africa tions and radical constitutional amendments after the seeming paralysis around issues relating to the elections, by the very people who drafted the democratisation of the UN and other multi- this Constitution. lateral institutions, the dissonance between the The masses of our people sacrificed every- process of globalisation and a multilateral system thing to achieve peace and democracy for all of of governance, the issue of global terrorism—all us. These masses will not allow desperate politi- these matters underline the importance of mov- 137 cians [to] do desperate things to win or retain ing forward significantly towards the building of power for themselves. the new world order that has been spoken of for We are all—or should be—perfectly aware of a long time. the tasks of the African Renaissance. Together we We must stand ready to play our part in have worked very hard to ensure that we make addressing this urgent challenge, in our the necessary progress with the challenges of our own interest. continent’s regeneration. At the same time, we During our Second Decade of Liberation, still will have to contribute as much as we can to we will ensure that Freedom Park is completed, the common African effort to strengthen such together with other legacy projects that celebrate institutions as SADC [Southern African our humanity and our commitment to human Development Community], the African Union, dignity and the all-round emancipation of all and NEPAD [New Partnership for Africa’s human beings. Development], and [to] help ensure that they dis- A decade ago, Nelson Mandela said, “The charge their responsibilities effectively. We must acid test of the legitimacy of the programmes do this work driven by the conviction that we will we elaborate, the government institutions we not allow anything to stand in our way towards create, [and] the legislation we adopt, must be the building of a peaceful, democratic, and pros- whether. . .” they help to create a people-centred perous Africa. society, the expansion of the frontiers of human In this regard, I would like to pay tribute to fulfilment, and the continuous extension of the the officers and [the] men and women of the frontiers of freedom. South African National Defence Force who are As we progress [towards] the celebration of doing sterling work to help advance the cause of our First Decade of Liberation and Democracy, I democracy and peace in various parts of our con- trust that the national, provincial, and local legis- tinent. The new equipment they are receiving latures will give themselves the opportunity to will give them increased capacity to meet this and answer the question [of] whether they have other obligations. passed this acid test. Other regions of the world, including the What I will say is that during this First most developed countries, are hard at work to Decade, we have made great progress towards change their neighbourhoods for the better. We the achievement of the goals we enunciated as we can only ignore or minimise this task with regard took the first steps as a newborn child. We also to ourselves at our own peril, driven by a linger- laid a strong foundation to score even greater ing sense that we are not an integral part of the advances during the exciting and challenging African continent. This we will not do. Second Decade ahead of us, as a people united to All major current international developments build a better South Africa and a better world. emphasise the importance of constructing a new When he contemplated the advent of the end world order that is more equitable and responsive of the twentieth century and the beginning of the

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 twenty-first, the Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wrote in “The Men”:

The era’s beginning: are these ruined shacks, these poor schools, these people still in rags and tatters, this cloddish insecurity of my poor families, is all this the day? the century’s beginning, the golden door?

138 We have it within our power to build our own golden door into our Second Decade of Liberation. We have demonstrated that we have the will to answer the question in the affirmative and say, Yes, this is the day! Thank you. TANZANIA Divider Page TANZANIA 140 THE ECONOMY

Economic Performance

Tanzania’s macroeconomic performance has con- tinued to improve consistently in recent years, following implementation of various deep and far-reaching economic and financial reforms. Recent achievements in macroeconomic stability are reflected in increased official and private capi- tal inflows and the buildup in gross foreign reserves. Gross official reserves have increased by The State of the Nation: Statement by 33.3 percent, from US$1,529.0 million in 2002 to US$2,037.8 million in 2003, equivalent to 8.9 His Excellency Benjamin William months of imports of goods and services, com- pared to 8.3 months in 2002. Mkapa, President of the United Despite a prolonged drought in some parts of the country during 2002–2003, the average Republic of Tanzania growth rate of the national economy for the past five years has been satisfactory, averaging 5.4 per- 25 September 2004 cent per annum. In 2003, the real GDP [gross domestic product] grew by 5.6 percent compared Dar es Salaam to an average growth rate of 4.1 percent achieved by African countries. The improved performance of Tanzania’s economy is rooted in the imple- mentation of sound macroeconomic and structural reforms that have been pursued consistently by the government during the past ten years. Although the overall growth rate attained in 2003 was less than in 2002 (6.2 percent) due to a severe drought that adversely affected the growth of the agricultural sector, other sectors, particu- larly manufacturing and mining, grew at higher levels in 2003 than in 2002. Agriculture, the largest sector, whose share of GDP is over 46 percent, grew by 4 percent in 2003, down slightly from 5 percent in 2002 due to unfavorable weather conditions. The growth the investment rate necessary to spur growth for of the mining sector remained strong at 17 per- a developing country like Tanzania should not be cent in 2003, compared to 15 percent in 2002. less than 25 percent of GDP. We will continue to This remarkably high performance in mining is focus on this target. attributed to large investments, which have boosted output in recent years. The mining sec- Inflation tor’s contribution to GDP increased to 3 percent, Tanzania up from 2.7 percent in 2002 and 2.5 percent in The rate of inflation, as measured by the 2001. Growth of [the] wholesale and retail trade Consumer Price Index (CPI), has been contained sector (including tourism) slackened to 6.5 per- [to] single digits since 1999 and below 5 percent cent in 2003, compared to 7 percent in 2002, [since] 2001. Noting that inflation declined from 141 largely on account of global security concerns an average of over 30 percent during the previous during the year that adversely affected global two decades to the current single digits, this is tourism and trade. indeed a great achievement. The recent increase The manufacturing sector grew by 8.6 per- to 6.4 percent in May 2004 resulted from pres- cent in 2003, compared to 8 percent in 2002. sure on food prices following [a] protracted Increased production in divested manufacturing drought that adversely affected food production enterprises accounted for the higher growth. The during 2002–2003 and the sharp increase in oil contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP prices. Imports of cereals and other foods miti- increased from 8.4 percent in 2002 to 8.7 percent gated the price increases, which have declined in 2003. The construction sector maintained the further following recent harvests. The inflation same growth rate of 11 percent in 2003 as in level is thus on the decline, registering 6.2 per- 2002. The increase is mostly accounted for by cent by end-July 2004. With the adoption of [a] real estate development [and] large investments new weight [policy] in the CPI, in which the in classroom construction across the country weight of food has been reduced from 71.2 per- under the Primary Education Development cent to 55.9 percent, the resultant series in infla- Programme, as well as large investments in road tion numbers should be even lower. The stability construction. in macroeconomic indicators explains our econo- The transport and communication sector my’s growth and sustainability, its attractiveness grew by 5.1 percent, compared to 6.4 percent in to foreign direct investment, and our improve- 2002. The decrease is largely attributed to the ments in the monetary sector. Unfortunately, completion of large investments in cellular phone persistent income poverty has meant that the infrastructure and business. The sector’s contri- benefits of low inflation are mostly enjoyed by bution to GDP was 5.4 percent in 2003. The those few in the urban money economy and only growth of [the] water and electricity sector partially among the majority of our population increased from 3.1 percent in 2002 to 4.9 percent with low purchasing power. This remains the in 2003. The financial sector grew by 4.4 percent major challenge ahead. in 2003, compared to 4.8 percent in 2002. Large investments in [the] education and health sectors Government Finance led to the growth of [the] public administration sector at 4.1 percent in 2002 and 2003, compared During 2003–2004, domestic revenue, especially to 3.5 percent in 2001. tax revenue, has shown an upward trend. The level of investment has increased from Mobilisation of resources from various sectors 14.7 percent of GDP in 1997 to 18.5 percent in has continued to improve. Improvements in the 2003. However, this level is still [too] low to tax structure have led to an increase in revenue effectively accelerate [the] economic growth collection to an average of Tshs. 108 billion per required for poverty reduction. We reckon that month during 2003–2004, compared to an aver-

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 age of Tshs. 25 billion per month in the early ing. By the end of 2003, the total debt cancelled 1990s. Improved tax revenue performance is by Paris Club creditors under the HIPC [Highly mainly attributed to reforms in the tax system Indebted Poor Countries] arrangement amounted and improvements in tax administration as laid to US$749.7 million. Non–Paris Club creditors out in [the] Tanzania Revenue Authority’s (TRA) who have offered debt relief through cancellation Corporate Plan for 2003–2008, [which] control include China, Bulgaria, and India. Kuwait has tax exemptions, curb tax evasion on imports, rescheduled debt amounting to US$31.9 million. especially of petroleum products by introducing flow meters at the port, improve the tax structure Money and Credit Developments by introducing fiscal incentives for priority sec- 142 tors, and eliminate nuisance taxes. During the period July to December 2003, broad The thrust of the fiscal policies for the fiscal money supply (M2) increased by 10.3 percent. year ending June 2004 was to raise domestic rev- The expansion in money supply remained within enue to 13.3 percent of GDP compared to 12.3 the target bands of 10 and 12 percent, as a result percent in 2002–2003, to allocate adequate of efforts to closely monitor and supervise money resources to priority sectors for poverty reduc- supply to be consistent with the growth rate of tion, increase productivity and per capita income, the economy and inflation. During 2002–2003, improve social and economic services, and domestic credit increased by 25.3 percent, from improve financial-management systems. Tshs. 684.9 billion in June 2002 to Tshs. 858.2 In [implementing] the Poverty Reduction billion in June 2003. The increase in domestic Strategy (PRS), [the] allocation of budgetary credit was attributed to an increase in lending resources to priority sectors during 2004–2005 is to the private sector. Credit to the private as follows: education sector, 20.3 percent; health sector increased by 36.6 percent in 2002–2003, sector, 10.1 percent; water, 4.5 percent; roads, 9.6 compared to an increase of 27.4 percent in percent; and judiciary, 1.3 percent. 2001–2002. During the year ending December 2003, credit to the private sector increased sub- Public-Debt Developments stantially, registering a growth rate of 43.2 per- cent, which is the highest rate of increase in The national debt at the end of December 2003 recent years. The share of credit to government amounted to US$8,755 million, an increase of declined to 1.6 percent in December 2003, from 5.8 percent compared to US$8,277 million at the 31.6 percent in December 2002. The average end of December 2002. Out of that amount, interest rate charged by commercial banks US$864 million was domestic debt—equivalent increased slightly to 16.4 percent in June 2003, to 9.9 percent of the total national debt—and up from 14.8 percent in June 2002. Thereafter, it US$7,890.7 million—equivalent to 90.1 per- started to decline, reaching an average of 15.7 cent—was external debt. The rise in the overall percent in December 2003. The average interest debt stock was accounted for by new disburse- rate for fixed deposits declined from 4 percent in ments on new and existing loans and the accumu- June 2002 to 3.5 percent in June 2003, and lated interest arrears from non–Paris Club credi- increased to 3.9 percent by December 2003. tors. Disbursements of foreign funds committed by development partners was satisfactory, as they Financial-Market Developments exceeded the planned target by 8.1 percent for year 2003. During 2002–2003, the official exchange rate of By the end of December 2003, the govern- the Tanzania shilling against the U.S. dollar rose ment had signed bilateral agreements with all from Tshs. 946.9 in June 2002 to Tshs. 1,047.4 in Paris Club creditors except Brazil and Japan. June 2003, [which is] equivalent to a depreciation However, negotiations with Japan were concluded of 10.6 percent compared to a depreciation of in early 2004, and those with Brazil are continu- 6.6 percent in 2001–2002. By December 2003, the exchange rate reached Tshs. 1,074 to one ing of oil imports and [an] increase in imports of U.S. dollar. The depreciation of the shilling was food items to cater [to] shortages in the country. mainly attributed to an increase in demand for Consequently, we continue to experience a foreign exchange resulting from of an upward substantial balance of trade deficit. In order to surge in imports. reduce this deficit, the government in 2003 The trend of interest rates in commercial continued to implement various export promo- banks continues to exhibit a wide spread between tion strategies. These included the Export Tanzania lending and deposit rates. During 2002–2003, the Processing Zone (EPZ) Act and the Export government continued to take measures [to] Credit Guarantee Scheme to underwrite loans address structural impediments to bank lending, to exporters, including cooperative unions. especially to peasants and small and medium Two encouraging developments are worth 143 enterprises and [to] the private sector. The noting. In 2003, the export of minerals reached Microfinance Bill was passed by Parliament in US$548.3 million, up from US$383.8 million in February 2003 to pave the way for banks and 2002, representing an increase of 42.9 percent. financial institutions to provide microfinance. Gold exports alone accounted for over 90 percent The 1999 Land Act was reviewed in order to of all mineral exports. facilitate securitisation of land for accessing bank The other encouraging development is the credit and other mortgage industry transactions. continuing recovery of the tourism sector after Amendments to the Land Act were passed by the events of 11 September 2001. Regardless of Parliament in February 2004. the negative travel advisories issued by a few countries, the number of tourists arriving in the The External Sector country increased by 0.2 percent, from 575,296 in 2002 to 576,198 in 2003. Tourism revenues rose Export of goods for the year 2003 increased by slightly, from US$730 million in 2002 to US$731 26.6 percent to US$1,142.4 million, compared to million in 2003, an increase of 0.1 percent. US$902.5 million recorded in 2002. This improved performance is mainly explained by Structural Reforms, Private Sector, increased exports of nontraditional goods, espe- and Investment cially minerals, fish and fish products, and manu- factured goods, which together contributed 80.5 [As of] December 2003, a total of 289 parastatals percent of total exports of goods, compared to were privatised and 328 noncore assets were sold. 77.1 percent in 2002. Economic policy reforms In 2003, a total of 101 enterprises were priva- have facilitated growth in the contribution of non- tised, including twenty-six enterprises and seventy- traditional exports to total exports. In general, five noncore assets. These enterprises have been export prices of traditional goods (coffee, cotton, privatised to Tanzanians and foreign investors sisal, cashew nuts, and cloves) continued to deteri- through share sales, asset sales, leasing, and orate on the world market, leading to worsening liquidation. Among the privatised companies income poverty among our peasant farmers. [The] sold to Tanzanians, sixteen were sold to the contribution of traditional goods to total exports employees of the respective companies through has been falling from above 50 percent in the management buyout. 1990s to 19 percent in 2003, due to the deteriora- Notable achievements of the privatisation tion of export prices in the world market and unfa- process include the following: vorable weather conditions, among other reasons. The value of imports has increased from • more than seventy enterprises that were US$1,511.3 million in 2002 to US$1,973 million closed before privatisation are now up and in 2003. This was due to a surge in [the] import operating efficiently; of oil, [which was] attributed to improved record- • the government has stopped subsidising

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 commercial public enterprises, [resulting in] worth Tshs. 1,024 billion in 2002 to 372 projects a savings of about Tshs.100 billion annual- worth Tshs. 1,669.4 billion in 2003. Of the total ly—[an amount once] paid out as subsidies 372 projects approved in 2003, 155 are owned by to those parastatals before privatisation; local investors, 109 by foreign investors, and 108 • increased quantity and quality of goods and are joint-venture projects. Furthermore, 229 services following investment in modern projects were new; 143 were for the rehabilita- technology and new capital injection of tion and expansion of existing facilities. about US$725.9 million; The manufacturing sector continued to lead • increased tax revenue from the privatised with the highest number of approved projects, enterprises; and totaling 127 (or 34 percent) valued at Tshs. 239.6 144 • increased employment, both direct billion. Tourism attracted 81 projects (22 percent); and indirect. construction, 48 projects (13 percent); transport, 28 projects (8 percent); natural resources, 21 proj- In 2003, more efforts were directed at creat- ects (6 percent); and agricultural sector, 20 projects ing regulatory authorities as well as amending the (5 percent). Others include communication, 12 sectoral laws to regulate these authorities. Other projects; human resource development, 10 proj- activities undertaken included completion of the ects; services, 8 projects; infrastructure, 6 projects; leasing arrangement for the Dar es Salaam Water oil and minerals, 4 projects; computer technology, and Sewerage Authority (DAWASA); leasing pro- 4 projects; and financial sector, 3 projects. These cedures for the Tanzania Railway Corporation projects have the potential to create 198,458 (TRC) reached tendering stage; finalisation of employment opportunities. the two studies for unbundling [the] Tanzania In its efforts to create an environment con- Electricity Supply Company (TANESCO); and ducive to local and foreign investment, the gov- preparations for setting up new electricity and ernment has embarked on the implementation of energy marketing systems as well as supervising the BEST programme. The main purpose is to the implementation of the management contract create an appropriate environment for business that guides TANESCO for a specific period. competitiveness to enable the economy to grow Also, [the] privatisation of the National Insurance more rapidly. The implementation of the BEST Corporation (NIC), the National Microfinance programme started in December 2003 with the Bank (NMB), and the commercial units of the establishment of the Better Regulation Unit Tanzania Harbors Authority (THA) are at an (BRU), which has begun preparations for reforms advanced stage. Furthermore, the government in the legal system; and administrative proce- made preparations for privatising large farms dures in business licensing, employment and such as those of the National Food Corporation labour laws; implementation of the land law; and (NAFCO), national ranches, and twelve cashew reforms in the Business Registration and nut processing factories. Licensing Agency (BRELA). In 2003, the Tanzania Investment Centre The Tanzania National Business Council (TIC) continued to provide investment promo- (TNBC) has continued its role of promoting a tion services through a “one-stop facilitation dialogue between the government and the private centre” [and] through finalisation of the review sector to improve the country’s business environ- of its Corporate Plan (2003–2008), which was ment, [and] promote local and foreign invest- an improvement on the previous Corporate ment, in order to raise economic growth and Plan (2001–2006). Furthermore, the centre facilitate poverty-reduction initiatives. participated fully in the design of the Business The council has formed seven committees to Environment Strengthening for Tanzania deal with issues of manufacturing and agropro- (BEST) programme. cessing, tourism and promoting the image of the The number of projects approved by TIC country, human capital development, finance, increased by 19.6 percent, from 311 projects agriculture, and commerce, and play[ing] an advi- sory role to the president. In 2003, the council ment by collaborating with the private sector and held two meetings that focused on improving the other stakeholders. The private sector and indi- investment climate and promoting modern viduals have contributed significantly to the pro- investment techniques. In addition, the council vision of education at preprimary, primary, sec- continued with the preparation of recommenda- ondary, and higher education levels. tions for the amendment of the land law, aimed The number of children in preprimary educa- at simplifying the use of land titles as collateral tion has almost doubled, from 313,310 in 2002 to Tanzania for securing loans for small and medium enter- 774,750 in 2003. The year 2003 was the second prises; the amendment of the labour law for the year of implementing of the Primary Education purpose of promoting employment; [the] revision Development Programme (PEDP), and [the] of [the] taxation system; [and the] abolish[ment] achievements are noteworthy. The number of 145 of nuisance taxes. primary schools increased to 12,815 in 2003 from I have also [instituted] an International 12,211 in 2002. Among these, 166 were private Investors’ Round Table for Tanzania (IRT) con- primary schools, [which] increased from 59 sisting of prominent CEOs of transnational and schools in 2002. Enrolment also increased from national companies to advise me on a regular 5,981,338 in 2002 to 6,562,772 in 2003; basis on ways to make the country more attrac- 6,531,769 were in public schools, and 31,003 tive to private investment and develop the were in private schools. Furthermore, out of domestic private sector. The first session of the these, girls constituted 48.7 percent [of the enrol- IRT was held in Dar es Salaam on 17 July 2002; ment] and boys 51.3 percent. Likewise, the Gross the second one was held in Zanzibar on 27 May Enrolment Rate (GER) [rose] from 98.6 percent 2003, and a third in November 2003. We also in 2002 to 105.3 percent in 2003. The Net hosted the Commonwealth Investment Enrolment Rate (NER) increased from 80.7 per- Conference for Tanzania on 28 May 2003. These cent in 2002 to 88.5 percent in 2003, and 90.1 are important events for Tanzania’s economic percent in 2004. development, as they attract investments, In 2003, 13,342 classrooms were constructed, increase revenue from tourist activities, increase 226 teachers’ offices, 997 teachers’ houses, and employment opportunities, reduce poverty, 14,700 pit latrines; 15,921 new teachers [were expand the tax base, and ultimately root eco- recruited] in order to cope with the increased nomic growth in private-sector initiative and enrolment and improve the teaching and learning energy. environment. The total number of teachers in primary schools reached 114,660 in 2003, an SOCIAL SECTOR increase of 2.3 percent, from 112,109 in 2002. The average Teacher-Pupil Ratio (TPR) was 1:57 The government uses its intervention in the in 2003. Meanwhile, the capacity of various social-services sector to ensure that macroeco- school committees was enhanced by conducting nomic achievements trickle down to the ordinary training for school committee members in admin- people in both urban and rural areas. The imple- istration, financial management, educational- mentation of the Poverty Reduction Strategy is materials management, and the preparation of largely aimed at improving social services. The school-development plans. main objective is to reduce both income and non- In 2003, there were 1,083 secondary schools, income poverty. of which 649 were public and 434 private, an increase of 6 percent, from 1,059 schools in Education Sector 2002. The number of pupils in Forms I–IV was 186,055 in public schools and 133,432 in private During 2003–2004, the government continued to schools. The number of pupils in Forms I–IV improve and strengthen the education environ- increased from 296,529 to 319,487, an increase of

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 7.7 percent in 2003. The transition rate from pri- councils, and seventeen additional district councils mary to secondary schools increased from 21.7 are completing the procedures to start implemen- percent in 2002 to 30.1 percent in 2003. tation. Benefits from establishing a CHF include In the years ahead, the education develop- assured availability of drugs, rehabilitation of ment plan will continue to emphasise improve- buildings and equipment, community-based safe- ment of the environment for providing quality guards for drugs, and enhanced community par- education and training at all levels. This includes ticipation on health matters. The concept of com- the construction and renovation of classrooms munity health security insurance increasingly has and teacher houses in order to increase enrol- taken root. ment, as well as the training and recruitment of The National Health Insurance Fund for the 146 new teachers. public sector is in its third year of operation. It has 242,508 members and 3,551 health facili- Water Sector ties—3,060 owned by the public and 491 owned by religious organisations, and 33 pharmacies During 2003–2004, the government continued have been registered to serve members. to implement the National Water Policy and Efforts to improve the provision of health expanded the involvement and participation of services in the country have resulted in the communities in developing water schemes, [development] of a wide network of health facili- including construction of a water infrastructure, ties. In 2003, there was an increase of 233 dis- and the operation, rehabilitation, and conserva- pensaries and 16 health centres—constructed by tion of water schemes in the country. The councils and through community participation. government continued to implement various Essential Drugs Kits were provided for these strategies aimed at improving and consolidating facilities. A total of 87 facilities owned and man- the system of collecting water statistics and infor- aged by nonprofit organisations and private insti- mation for both surface and underground water tutions were registered in 2003. In addition, the in all basins in the country. The government will government increased subsidies to hospitals continue to advocate [for] and facilitate the owned by religious institutions from Tshs. 7,500 involvement of private, national, and internation- to Tshs. 15,000 per bed per year. al companies, nongovernmental organisations, With regard to the HIV/AIDS pandemic, the and individuals to contribute to and participate in extension of the voluntary counseling and testing the construction and rehabilitation of water projects. (VCT) programme has assisted individuals to The Chalinze Water Supply Project, costing inform themselves of their HIV status and thereby Tshs. 27 billion, has been completed; the Lake reduce viral transmission. VCT centres are avail- Victoria Environmental Management Project, able in 110 hospitals across the country. Joint [which will] provide water to Shinyanga and efforts by the government and other stakeholders Kahama towns and villages along the pipeline, is have enabled accessibility of this service to more under way, at a cost of Tshs. 89 billion. people, especially women. The number [of people] infected with HIV in Health Sector Tanzania is about 2 million, [which is] about 6.5 percent of the total population, and more than District councils are being motivated and sensi- 700,000 are suffering from AIDS. The recently tised to establish Community Health Funds developed National Multisectoral Strategic (CHF). Eighty-eight districts were sensitised and Framework (NMSF) is intended to address HIV motivated to form council health boards and var- in a comprehensive manner and overcome some ious health committees to provide supervision of the previous weaknesses in efforts [to ward] and management. Community Health Funds against HIV. The rate of infection has not have been established in twenty-three district declined substantially despite the various efforts to control it. HIV/AIDS is clearly a national dis- LABOUR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT aster; it is claiming more lives and spreading fast, especially among youth. With the assistance of An average of 650,000 people join the labour force the William J. Clinton Presidential Foundation’s every year. More than half of the labour force is HIV/AIDS Initiative, we promulgated a National aged between 15 and 29, and approximately 82 HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment Plan, which percent live in the rural areas. Eighty percent of seeks to have 400,000 AIDS patients under care the labour force is economically active, and of this Tanzania and treatment over the next few years. [percentage], 84 percent are self-employed in The government will continue making the peasant agriculture, 6 percent are in the informal war against HIV/AIDS a permanent agenda in all sector, 4 percent in the formal private sector, 3.5 sectors and at all workplaces in order to mitigate percent in domestic economic activities, and 2.5 147 the negative impacts of the pandemic. Such nega- percent in the public sector. The average rate of tive impacts include the reduction in economic dependence of household members to the head of growth and the enormous social burden imposed the household is 0.87. The Integrated Labour by illness, death, and orphans. All these have seri- Force Survey has revealed that the degree of ous implications for the operation and financing dependence increases as the education level of the of government services. head of the household increases. Unemployment in the salaried subsector for Science and Technology the whole country is 12.9 percent. Almost half of the unemployed live in urban areas. In Dar es Science and technology, as tools for development, Salaam, the rate is 46.5 percent, and in other continued to be promoted and integrated into urban areas it is 25.5 percent. In rural areas, the curricula for educational and other technical unemployment is 8.4 percent. Unemployment has institutions. These efforts hinge on the acknowl- a gender bias—more women than men are affect- edgement that the scientific and technological ed. Analysis of the employing sectors reveals that developments that the nation desires, in the con- the formal public sector, which used to be the text of a liberalised and globalising economy, can main employer (for wage employment), has gone be attained only [through] the existence of an down in generating employment opportunities. appropriately educated and skilled population Instead, the agricultural sector, the informal sector, and labour force. We continue to plead for and the formal private sector are now the major increased transfer of technology from rich to employers. poor countries as a necessary condition for devel- The government is committed to promoting opment and success in the war on poverty. and facilitating income-generation activities to enhance employment-creation opportunities, in POPULATION AND DEVELOPMENT particular through Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Based on the annual population growth rate of 2.9 percent determined by the Population and Women and Gender Issues Housing Census of August 2002, Tanzania was estimated to have had 35.3 million people in According to the 2002 Population and Housing 2003. Out of the total population, 34.2 million Census, women accounted for 51.1 percent of the were from Tanzania Mainland and 1 million were total population. Women are sometimes subjected from Tanzania Zanzibar. Women account for to social and cultural norms and traditions that 51.1 percent of the total population. The labour negatively [affect] their reproductive and produc- force (aged 15 to 65) is about 52 percent of the tive roles. The government has embarked on a total population, and the rest are dependents (old multipronged strategy to deal with this problem people or school-age children). [that] includes legislation, education, and affirma- tive action.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 There is now gender parity at the primary and violence in the Great Lakes Region have school level, as well as in ordinary-level second- been a source of great concern for Tanzania. The ary schools, but gaps begin to emerge and widen conflicts in the Democratic Republic of Congo as one goes higher up the education ladder. For (DRC), Burundi, and the subregion as a whole instance, in 2003, [although] female students rep- have continued to pose challenging security con- resented 48.7 percent of all students in public cerns for Tanzania. primary schools, this number declined to 43.9 We have continued to play an active role in percent in secondary schools and declined fur- several regional peace initiatives, notably those ther, to 28 percent, in public universities. Female for Burundi and the DRC. We have strived to students are more likely to drop out of school reduce tension and improve safety and security in 148 than their male counterparts. There are several the region, believing in the imperative of a peace- reasons for this, including a hostile school envi- ful and stable neighbourhood as a precondition ronment, relative irrelevance of the curriculum, for stronger and beneficial regional economic adolescent pregnancies, poor academic perform- ties, and national growth and development. ance, early marriages, negative attitudes towards Problems associated with a large population education for girls, and economic hardship. of refugees, such as we have in Tanzania, include In the workplace, whether employed or self- the proliferation of small arms and an increase in employed, women face problems such as illiteracy, crime, mainly armed robbery [and] murder, as discrimination, lack of capital, low-quality tech- well as environmental degradation and other nology, low level of skills, and poor quality of negative social and cultural effects, and general their produce, which fails to compete on the mistrust from refugees’ home countries. Small market. Long- and short-term courses have been arms threaten to assume the character of conducted in order to enhance women’s knowl- weapons of mass destruction in the region. edge and skills. Tanzania still hopes that following the estab- In promoting gender equality, the government lishment of the transitional governments of continues to create employment opportunities national unity in Burundi and the DRC, as well and give women responsible positions. The as the cease-fire agreements between these tran- government intends this year to pass legislation sitional governments and the main armed groups, to [ensure] a 30 percent minimum [of] women will ease the flow of refugees into Tanzania and repesent[atives] in Parliament and local allow for repatriation. government. In 2003, a total of 211 workers were [In addition,] Tanzania participates in multi- employed in middle-level positions, of which 63, lateral peace support missions at the invitation of equivalent to 29.9 percent, were women. In 2003, the United Nations. the government prepared an implementation report of various programmes and strategies to CRIME address gender inequality in the country in accordance with the Beijing Declaration. Combating organised crime, corruption, and bribery continued to constitute a particular NATIONAL SECURITY demand on the law-and-order authorities. As a result, national and regional programmes have HIV/AIDS has created an epidemic of unprece- been instituted to fight these and other vices. dented dimensions, which rightly can be consid- In the year 2003, [there were] various incidents ered a security risk to the nation, both in the con- of crime. The magnitude and spread of crime have text of the survival of the people and as a diversion varied from place to place, with some areas in the of considerable resources away from productive country registering more crime than others. and developmental sectors to medical care. Drug abuse and trafficking have continued to In a regional context, the continuing instability preoccupy the efforts of both the police and the drug commission during 2003. There was NATURAL RESOURCES AND close collaboration between the Tanzania police BIODIVERSITY and neighbouring police forces, whereby infor- mation and intelligence regarding drug traffick- Tanzania is a country endowed with abundant ing was shared. natural resources. The development and The problem of illegal possession of firearms conservation of these natural resources, and the has persisted in Tanzania, especially in the efficient use of renewable energy resources, is the Tanzania regions of Kagera, Kigoma, and Rukwa, which centrepiece of the government’s policy on the border the countries of Rwanda, Burundi, and sector. In an effort to promote environmental the DRC. Some refugees come to Tanzania with conservation and management, emphasis is being firearms illegally. Consequently, there is an placed on encouraging, strengthening, and 149 increase in armed robbery in those regions. sensitising communities and people to participate The magnitude and spread of other crimes as stakeholders. have generally varied from place to place and There are, nonetheless, daunting challenges have not threatened tranquility in the country. ahead. Land degradation, desertification, and a Initiatives to improve prison conditions shortage of adequate and safe water, as well as (including a parole system to reduce prison affordable alternative sources of energy in rural congestion), develop a national juvenile justice areas and the loss of biodiversity and wildlife system, counter domestic violence, and habitats due to human activities, in large measure strengthen the capacity of institutions of undermine sustainable development of the sector. criminal justice are being undertaken. MAJOR POLITICAL AND POLICY POVERTY AND HUNGER ACHIEVEMENTS

Poverty and hunger eradication remain central to After almost forty-three years of independence, the government’s socioeconomic policies and pro- Tanzania has consolidated her political independ- grammes. A poverty reduction strategy in the ence, attaining an acknowledged sense of national context of the enhanced HIPC debt relief contin- unity that has, in turn, largely accounted for its ued to be implemented. A comprehensive review unbroken peace and tranquility in the midst of an of the first phase of the strategy (2001–2002 to often-turbulent neighbourhood. 2003–2004) [began] in October 2003, through Like many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, a wide-ranging participatory process in prepara- Tanzania, at independence, was very backward, tion for the second phase, Poverty Reduction with little, if any, economic and social infrastruc- Strategy II. ture. We have over the years made considerable It is also noteworthy that the state of poverty progress in the social sector, lowering the adult and hunger is a function of an economy overly illiteracy and establishing extensive education and dependent on agriculture, which is, in the main, health infrastructures. In addition, we have primitive and reliant on the handhoe, and on undertaken a successful economic reform pro- erratic and unreliable rains. The spectre of gramme that has reversed negative growth and hunger, therefore, remains constant. The mod- deterioration in social indicators. ernisation of the sector, which, together with We have had a peaceful political history in livestock and fishery, accounts for almost half of which governments have changed through the the GDP and provides livelihood to almost 80 ballot box and with respect for the national Con- percent of the people, is critical towards the erad- stitution. No past president has had to run for his ication of poverty and hunger. We are, in this life after leaving power. They all live happily connection, implementing an Agricultural and together in a peaceful and modernising country. Livestock Development Plan.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 GOALS FOR THE FUTURE AND to succeed. And with external support and a con- MAJOR CHALLENGES ducive external environment, we shall stand to register further advances and successes in the Tanzania has entered the new millennium with years ahead. hope and optimism. However, after a long period of stagnation and slow growth, it does so facing some critical challenges: the challenge of poverty eradication, the challenge of combating HIV/AIDS, the challenge of democratisation in peace, the challenge of sustaining peace in a 150 conflict-prone neighbourhood, the challenge of harnessing science and technology for develop- ment, and the challenge of beneficial participa- tion in the globalisation process. The sustained and positive record of political and economic reform, and the real economic growth during the past few years, give us hope that—with increased effort and support—we can meet those challenges, succeed in empowering our people, and reverse our marginalisation [within] the global economy. The existence of peace and security underpins the prospects and ability to sustain an environ- ment conducive to investment as well as econom- ic and social development. The responsibility to maintain peace will continue to preoccupy the institutions of the state and the nation. Progres- sive successes in economic performance will underwrite the stability of the country and the prosperity of its people. The national debt remains huge in spite of debt relief granted under the enhanced HIPC Initiative. We will, therefore, continue to argue for total cancellation of the external debt for least developed countries, and continue to borrow both from abroad and from domestic sources only under highly concessionary terms, for prior- ity development and poverty-reduction purposes. We will do all in our power not to fall into higher levels of unsustainable debt in the future. Balancing a host of needs amidst limited resources will continue to challenge the govern- ment. Increasing productivity in the agricultural sector as a source of personal income and gov- ernment revenue remains crucial. In this, and in all other challenges, we have the destiny of our country in our hands. We have the political will katika pato la taifa. Sekta nyingine, hususan viwanda na madini, zilikua kwa viwango vikubwa TANZANIA mwaka 2003 ikilinganishwa na mwaka 2002. Hali ya Taifa: Taarifa ya Mheshimiwa Sekta kubwa ya kilimo, yenye mchango katika pato la taifa wa zaidi ya asilimia 46, imeendelea Benjamin William Mkapa, Rais wa kuwa msingi wa ukuaji wa pato la taifa. Ukuaji wa sekta hii mwaka 2003 ulikuwa asilimia 4.0, Tanzania Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania pungufu kidogo ikilinganishwa na ukuaji wa asilimia 5.0 mwaka 2002, kutokana na hali ya 25 Septemba 2004, Dar es Salaam hewa isiyoridhisha iliyoathiri uzalishaji wa mazao. Sekta ya uchimbaji madini imebaki imara ikiwa 151 na ukuaji wa asilimia 17 katika mwaka 2003 ikilinganishwa na asilimia 15.0 mwaka 2002. UCHUMI Ukuaji huu unatokana na uwekezaji mkubwa uliofanywa katika sekta hii ambao umeongeza Utendaji kiuchumi uzalishaji kwa wingi katika miaka ya karibuni. Mchango wa sekta hii katika Pato la Taifa Kwa ujumla, uchumi wa Tanzania umeendelea umeongezeka na kufikia asilimia 3.0 mwaka 2003 kuboreka kwa udhabiti katika miaka ya hivi ikilinganishwa na asilimia 2.7 mwaka 2002, na karibuni, kufuatia utekelezaji wa kina uliofikiwa asilimia 2.5 mwaka 2001. Ukuaji wa biashara ya katika marekebisho mbalimbali ya uchumi na jumla na rejareja ikijumuisha utalii ulipungua sekta ya fedha. Viashiria vya mafanikio ya hivi hadi asilimia 6.5 mwaka 2003 ikilinganishwa na karibuni, yaliyoleta kutengamaa kwa uchumi asilimia 7.0 mwaka 2002, kutokana na tishio la mkuu, ni pamoja na kuongezeka kwa mitaji katika usalama duniani ambayo liliathiri utalii na sekta za umma na sekta binafsi, na kuongezeka biashara kwa jumla. kwa akiba ya fedha za kigeni. Akiba ya fedha za Sekta ya viwanda ilikua kwa asilimia 8.6 kigeni iliongezeka kwa asilimia 33.3 kutoka dola mwaka 2003, ikilinganishwa na asilimia 8.0 1,529.0 milioni mwaka 2002 hadi dola 2,037.8 mwaka 2002. Ukuaji huu unatokana na milioni mwaka 2003, kiasi kinachotosha kuagiza kuongezeka kwa uzalishaji katika mashirika na bidhaa na huduma kutoka nje ya nchi kwa miezi makampuni yaliyorekebishwa na kubinafsishwa. 8.9, ikilinganishwa na miezi 8.3 mwaka 2002. Mchango wa sekta ya viwanda katika Pato la Licha ya tatizo la ukame lililojitokeza katika Taifa umeongezeka kutoka asilimia 8.4 mwaka baadhi ya mikoa nchini, wastani wa ukuaji wa 2002 hadi asilimia 8.6 mwaka 2003. Sekta ya Pato la Taifa katika kipindi cha miaka mitano ujenzi, mwaka 2003, ilikua kwa kiwango sawa na iliyopita umekuwa wa kuridhisha. Wastani wa kasi cha mwaka 2002 cha asilimia 11.0. Ongezeko hili ya ukuaji wa pato la taifa ulikuwa asilimia 5.4 kwa limetokana zaidi na ujenzi wa majengo mwaka katika kipindi cha miaka mitano iliyopita. mbalimbali, ikiwemo ujenzi wa vyumba vya Ukuaji halisi wa pato la taifa mwaka 2003 ulikuwa madarasa nchini kote chini ya Mpango wa asilimia 5.6 ikilinganishwa na wastani wa ukuaji Maendeleo ya Elimu ya Msingi, pamoja na wa asilimia 4.1 kwa nchi za Afrika. Mafanikio uwekezaji mkubwa katika ujenzi wa barabara. hayo yanatokana na juhudi za serikali za Sekta ya mawasiliano na usafirishaji ilikua kwa kuendeleza mageuzi ya kiuchumi. Kiwango cha asilimia 5.1 mwaka 2003 ikilinganishwa na ukuaji kilichofikiwa mwaka 2003 ni kidogo kuliko asilimia 6.4 mwaka 2002. Kushuka kwa ukuaji wa cha mwaka 2002 (asilimia 6.2) kutokana na sekta hii kulitokana hasa na kukamilika kwa kushuka kwa kiwango cha ukuaji wa sekta ya shughuli za ujenzi wa miundo mbinu ya simu za kilimo ambayo ndiyo inayotoa mchango mkubwa mkononi. Mchango wa sekta hii katika Pato la

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Taifa ni asilimia 5.4. Ukuaji wa sekta ya maji na kutosha. Kutokana na kuongezeka kwa bei ya umeme uliongezeka kutoka asilimia 3.1 mwaka petroli kwa hivi karibuni, kasi ya upandaji bei 2002 hadi asilimia 4.9 mwaka 2003. Sekta ya inatarajia kuongezeka. fedha, ilikua kwa asilimia 4.4 mwaka 2003 ikilinganishwa na asilimia 4.8 mwaka 2002. Fedha za Serikali Uwekezaji katika sekta za elimu na afya ulisababisha ongezeko katika ukuaji wa sekta ya Mwaka 2003/04, mwenendo wa mapato ya ndani utawala wa asilimia 4.1 mwaka 2003 na 2002 ulikuwa wa kuridhisha, hasa mapato yatokanayo ikilinganishwa na asilimia 3.5 mwaka 2001. na kodi. Uboreshaji wa mfumo wa kodi umeleta Kiwango cha uwekezaji kimeongezeka kutoka ongezeko katika ukusanyaji wa mapato kufikia 152 asilimia 14.7 ya Pato la Taifa mwaka 1997 hadi kiasi cha wastani wa shilingi 108 bilioni kwa asilimia 18.5 mwaka 2003. Hata hivyo, kiwango mwezi katika mwaka 2003/04, ikilinganishwa na hiki cha uwekezaji bado kiko chini ya kiwango mapato ya ndani yaliyokuwa yanakusanywa kinachohitajika kuharakisha maendeleo na kukuza mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1990, yaliyokuwa chini uchumi. Tunaamini kwamba kiwango cha ya wastani wa shilingi 25 bilioni kwa mwezi. uwekezaji kama asilimia ya Pato la Taifa, Ufanisi katika ukusanyaji wa mapato ambacho ni muhimu katika kukuza uchumi wa umechangiwa na mabadiliko ya mfumo na nchi zinazoendelea kama Tanzania, lazima kiwe usimamizi wa kodi uliotokana na: Kuboreshwa zaidi ya asilimia 25. Tutaendelea kulenga katika kwa mazingira ya ulipaji wa kodi kama eneo hili kwa makini. ilivyoainishwa katika Mpango wa Mamlaka ya Mapato Tanzania (TRA) wa mwaka 2003– Kasi ya Upandaji Bei 2008; Kudhibitiwa kwa misamaha ya kodi; Kudhibitiwa kwa ukwepaji kodi kwa vitu Katika miezi kumi na miwili ya kupima vinavyoingizwa nchini, hasa bidhaa zitokanazo mwenendo wa kasi ya upandaji bei, (kama na petroli kwa kufungwa mita za kupimia kiasi unavyopimwa na kiashiria cha bei za wateja), cha mafuta yanayoingia nchini ili kuhakikisha kiwango cha kasi kimeendelea kupungua tangu kwamba kinalipiwa kodi halali; Kuboreshwa kwa mwaka 1999 kilipofikia tarakimu moja. Kwa mfumo wa kodi, kwa kuanzisha utoaji wa wastani, katika mwaka 2003, kasi ya upandaji bei motisha kwa sekta za kipaumbele; na kuondosha ilikuwa asilimia 4.4 ikilinganishwa na asilimia 4.5 kodi ziletazo kero. mwaka 2002. Kiwango kilipungua taratibu mwaka Malengo makuu ya sera za mapato na 2003 kwa sababu ya kuongezeka kidogo kwa bei matumizi ya Serikali kwa mwaka 2003/04 za baadhi ya bidhaa, hususan chakula, kutokana yalikuwa kuiwezesha serikali kukusanya mapato na kupungua kwa chakula kulikosababishwa na ya ndani sawa na asilimia 13.3 ya Pato la Taifa mavuno duni katika mwaka huo. Kupungua kwa ikilinganishwa na asilimia 12.3 mwaka 2002/03; mfumuko wa bei kutoka asilimia 30 mwaka 1995 kutoa fedha za kutosha kwa sekta zilizopewa hadi asilimia 4.4 kumekuwa na faida kubwa kwa kipaumbele; kuongeza uzalishaji; kuongeza kipato wananchi. Kuimarika kwa viashiria vya uchumi cha kila mwananchi; kuendeleza huduma za mkuu ni kielelezo cha ukuaji endelevu wa uchumi kijamii na kiuchumi; na kuimarisha mfumo wa wetu, uvutiaji wa wawekezaji wa moja kwa moja fedha nchini. kutoka nje ya nchi, na kuboreka kwa sekta ya Katika utekelezaji wa Mkakati wa Kupunguza fedha. Umaskini wa kipato ambao bado upo ni Umaskini, mgao wa fedha za bajeti kwa sekta ishara kuwa faida za kushuka kwa mfumuko wa zilizopewa kipaumbele katika mwaka 2004/05 ni bei zinawafikia zaidi watu wachache walioko ifuatavyo: sekta ya elimu asilimia 20.3; sekta ya katika uchumi rasmi wa fedha mijini. Wenye afya asilimia 10.1; sekta ya maji asilimia 4.5; uwezo mdogo wa kununua hawajafaidika vya barabara asilimia 9.6; na mahakama asilimia 1.3. Hali ya Deni la Taifa iliongezeka kwa asilimia 25.3 kutoka sh. 684.9 bilioni mwezi Juni 2002 hadi Sh. 858.2 bilioni Hadi kufikia mwisho wa Desemba 2003, deni la mwezi Juni 2003. Ongezeko hilo lilitokana na taifa lilikuwa Dola za Marekani (USD) 8,755.0 ongezeko la mikopo kwa sekta binafsi. Karadha milioni, sawa na ongezeko la asilimia 5.8 kwa sekta binafsi iliongezeka kwa asilimia 36.6 ikilinganishwa na deni la USD 8,277 milioni katika mwaka 2002/03, ikilinganishwa na mwishoni mwa Desemba 2002. Kati ya deni hilo, ongezeko la asilimia 27.4 mwaka 2001/02. Tanzania USD 864.3 milioni zilikuwa deni la ndani, sawa Kufikia mwishoni mwa Desemba 2003 karadha na asilimia 9.9 ya deni lote, na USD 7890.7 kwa sekta binafsi iliongezeka sana kwa asilimia milioni za deni la nje, sawa na asilimia 90.1 ya 43.2 kiwango cha juu sana kupita vyote katika deni lote. Kuongezeka kwa deni la taifa miaka ya karibuni. Sehemu ya karadha kwa 153 kumetokana na mikopo mipya pamoja na Serikali ilipungua hadi asilimia 1.6 mwezi malimbikizo yanayotokana na madeni ambayo Desemba 2003 kutoka asilimia 31.6 mwaka 2002. hayajasamehewa na nchi zisizokuwa wanachama Riba zilizotozwa na benki za biashara wa Kundi la Paris. Misaada na mikopo kwa ajili ziliongezeka kutoka wastani wa asilimia 14.8 ya bajeti ya maendeleo, kulingana na ahadi za mwezi Juni 2002 hadi wastani wa asilimia 16.4 wahisani, ilipatikana kwa kiwango cha kuridhisha mwezi Juni 2003, lakini zikashuka hadi wastani na kuvuka lengo lililowekwa kwa asilimia 8.1 wa asilimia 15.7 ilipofika Desemba 2003. Wastani katika kipindi cha mwaka 2003. wa riba kwa akiba za muda maalum ulishuka hadi Hadi kufikia mwisho wa Desemba 2003, asilimia 3.5 mwezi Juni 2003, kutoka asilimia 4 serikali ilisaini mkataba wa makubaliano na nchi mwezi Juni 2002, na ilipofika Desemba 2003 wanachama wa Kundi la Paris isipokuwa Brazil wastani wa riba hizo uliongezeka hadi kufikia na Japan. Hata hivyo, mwanzoni mwa mwaka asilimia 3.9. 2004 serikali ilifikia muafaka na nchi ya Japan na kwa upande wa Brazil majadiliano bado Maendeleo ya Soko la Fedha yanaendelea. Hadi kufikia mwisho wa Desemba 2003, jumla ya madeni yaliyosamehewa kutoka Katika mwaka 2002/03, kiwango cha kubadilisha kwa nchi wanachama wa Kundi la Paris chini ya dola ya Marekani kwa shilingi ya Tanzania Mpango wa Kupunguza Madeni ya Nchi Maskini kiliongezeka kutoka shilingi 946.9 mwezi Juni Sana Zenye Madeni Makubwa (HIPC) ilikuwa ni 2002 hadi shilingi 1,047.4 mwezi Juni 2003, sawa USD 749.7 milioni. Wadeni ambao si wa Kundi na kupungua kwa thamani ya shilingi ya Tanzania la Paris waliotoa msamaha ni China (USD 37.7 kwa asilimia 10.6 ikilinganishwa na kupungua milioni), Bulgaria (USD 15.1 milioni), na India thamani kwa asilimia 6.6 katika mwaka 2001/02. (USD 19.7 milioni). Kuwait imeahirisha deni Kufikia Desemba 2003, thamani ya shilingi ya lenye thamani ya USD 31.9 milioni. Tanzania ilishuka hadi sh. 1,074 kwa dola moja. Kushuka kwa thamani ya sarafu yetu kunatokana Ujazi wa Fedha na Karadha na ongezeko la mahitaji ya fedha za kigeni lililosababishwa na kuongezeka kwa uagizaji wa Katika kipindi cha Julai–Desemba 2003, ujazi wa bidhaa kutoka nje ya nchi. fedha kwa tafsiri pana (M2) uliongezeka kwa Mwenendo wa riba katika benki za biashara asilimia 10.3, na hivyo kuwa ndani ya wastani unaonyesha kwamba bado tofauti kati ya riba za unaolengwa ambao ni kati ya asilimia 10 hadi 12. amana na za mikopo ni kubwa sana. Katika Kupungua kwa kasi ya ujazi wa fedha kulitokana mwaka 2002/03, serikali iliendelea kuchukua na juhudi za Benki Kuu kufuatilia na hatua za kuondoa vikwazo vya kimfumo kwa kutengamaza ujazi wa fedha unaowiana na benki kukopesha zaidi kwa sekta binafsi, hususan malengo ya ukuaji wa uchumi na mwenendo wa wakulima na wajasiriamali wadogo na wa kati. bei. Katika mwaka 2002/03, karadha nchini Sheria ya mikopo midogo midogo

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 (Microfinance) ilipitishwa na Bunge mwezi ongezeko la asilimia 42.9. Dhahabu ilichangia Februari 2003 ili kuwezesha benki na taasisi za zaidi ya asilimia 90 ya thamani ya madini yote fedha kutoa mikopo ya aina hiyo. Marekebisho yaliyouzwa nje. Jambo jingine linalotia moyo ni ya sheria ya ardhi yaliyopitishwa na Bunge kuendelea kuibuka kwa sekta ya utalii baada ya mwezi Februari 2004 yamewezesha ardhi tukio la ugaidi la tarehe 11 Septemba 2001 kule kutumika kama dhamana ya mikopo. Marekani. Bila kujali ushauri wa kupunguza kusafiri kuja kwenye nchi zetu uliotolewa na nchi Sekta ya Nje chache, watalii wameendelea kuja na idadi yao iliongezeka kwa asilimia 0.2, kutoka watalii Mauzo nje ya nchi mwaka 2003 yaliongezeka kwa 575,296 mwaka 2002 hadi 576,198 mwaka 2003. 154 asilimia 26.6 na kufikia dola USD 1,142.4 Mapato ya utalii yaliongezeka kutoka USD 730 milioni, ikilinganishwa na USD 902.5 milioni milioni mwaka 2002 hadi USD 731 milioni mwaka 2002. Ongezeko hili lilichangiwa zaidi na mwaka 2003, ongezeko la asilimia 0.1. mauzo ya nje ya bidhaa zisizo asilia, hasa madini, samaki na bidhaa zinazotokana na samaki, pamoja Mageuzi ya Kiuchumi, Sekta na bidhaa za viwandani, ambazo kwa jumla Binafsi na Uwekezaji zilichangia asilimia 80.5 ya mauzo yote ya bidhaa nje, ikilinganishwa na asilimia 77.1 mwaka 2002. Hadi kufikia Desemba 2003, jumla ya mashirika Kwa jumla, bei za mazao asilia (kahawa, pamba, 289 yamebinafsishwa na mali za mashirika katani, korosho na karafuu) kwenye soko la nje (noncore assets) zipatazo 328 zimeuzwa. Katika zimeendelea kushuka, na kuathiri mapato ya mwaka 2003, jumla ya mashirika 101 wakulima wetu, na hivyo kuzidisha umaskini wa yalibinafsishwa yakijumuisha mashirika 26, na kipato. Mchango wa bidhaa asilia katika mauzo mali za mashirika zipatazo 75. Mashirika hayo nje ya nchi umepungua kutoka asilimia 50 katika yamebinafsishwa kwa Watanzania na kwa miaka ya 1990 hadi asilimia 19 mwaka 2003 wawekezaji kutoka nje kwa utaratibu wa kuuza kutokana na, pamoja na mambo mengine, hisa, kuuza mali, kukodisha na kufilisi. Kati ya kupungua kwa bei ya bidhaa katika soko la dunia mashirika yaliyouzwa kwa Watanzania, 16 na hali mbaya ya hewa. yaliuzwa kwa wafanyakazi wa kampuni husika Thamani ya bidhaa zilizoagizwa toka nje kupitia na kuhusisha uongozi wa makampuni haya. iliongezeka kutoka USD 1,511.3 milioni mwaka Mafanikio yaliyo dhahiri ya ubinafsishaji ni 2002 hadi USD 1,973.0 milioni mwaka 2003. pamoja na yafuatayo: Ongezeko hili linatokana na uagizaji mkubwa wa petroli, kuboreka kwa upatikanaji wa taarifa • Zaidi ya makampuni 70 yaliyokuwa sahihi za uagizaji petroli na kuongezeka kwa yamefungwa kabla ya ubinafsishaji sasa uagizaji wa bidhaa za chakula ili kufidia upungufu yanafanya kazi kwa ufanisi; wa chakula nchini. Kwa hiyo tunaendelea kuwa • Serikali imeacha kutoa ruzuku kwa na nakisi kubwa kwenye urari wa biashara. Ili mashirika ya umma na kuokoa zaidi ya kupunguza nakisi hii, serikali katika mwaka 2003 shilingi 100 bilioni ilizokuwa inatoa kwa iliendelea kutekeleza mikakati mbalimbali ya mashirika hayo kama ruzuku kabla ya kuboresha biashara ya nje, ikiwa ni pamoja na kubinafsishwa; utekelezaji wa mpango wa Maeneo ya Usindikaji • Kuongezeka kwa kiasi na ubora wa bidhaa Bidhaa za Kuuza nje (EPZ) na utoaji wa dhamana na huduma kutokana na uwekezaji katika kwa wauzaji nje. teknolojia bora na mitaji mipya wa wastani Mambo mawili yanatia moyo, na inafaa wa USD 725.9 milioni; kuyataja. Mwaka 2003, uuzaji wa madini nje • Kuongezeka kwa mapato ya kodi kutoka kwa ulifikia USD 548.3 milioni, ikilinganishwa na mashirika yaliyobinafsishwa; na USD 383.8 milioni mwaka 2002, ambalo ni • Kuongezeka kwa nafasi za ajira. Katika mwaka 2003, juhudi kubwa zilifanywa sekta ya ujenzi miradi 48 (asilimia 13), sekta ya kuandaa uanzishaji wa mamlaka za udhibiti usafirishaji miradi 28 (asilimia 8), sekta ya pamoja na kufanya marekebisho ya sheria za maliasili miradi 21 (asilimia 6) na sekta ya kilimo kisekta kudhibiti mamlaka hizo. Tulikamilisha pia miradi 20 (asilimia 5). Sekta nyingine zilizovutia taratibu za ukodishaji wa Mamlaka ya Majisafi na wawekezaji ni mawasiliano miradi 12, uendelezaji Majitaka Dar es Salaam (DAWASA). Taratibu za rasilimali watu miradi 10, huduma miradi 8, ukodishaji wa Shirika la Reli Tanzania (TRC) miundombinu miradi 6, madini na mafuta miradi Tanzania ziliendelea na zabuni ziliitishwa. Tafiti mbili za 4, teknolojia ya kompyuta miradi 4 na huduma za kuligawa Shirika la Umeme Tanzania kibenki miradi 3. Miradi yote hiyo inakadiriwa (TANESCO) zilikamilika; na maandalizi ya kutoa nafasi za ajira zipatazo 198,458. kuunda mfumo mpya wa utendaji wa soko la Serikali imeanza utekelezaji wa Programu ya 155 nishati na umeme na usimamizi wa utendaji wa Kuimarisha Mazingira ya Biashara Tanzania menejimenti ya mkataba inayoiongoza (Business Environment Strengthening for TANESCO kwa kipindi maalum yalikamilika. Tanzania [BEST]). Lengo ni kujenga uwezo wa Ubinafsishaji wa Shirika la Bima la Taifa (NIC), ushindani wa kibiashara ili kuwezesha uchumi Benki ya NMB, na vitengo vya kibiashara vya kukua kwa kasi zaidi. Utekelezaji umeanza Mamlaka ya Bandari Tanzania (THA) ulianza mwezi Desemba 2003 kwa kuunda Kitengo kushughulikiwa. Kadhalika, Serikali ilifanya cha Kurekebisha Mazingira Bora ya Biashara maandalizi ya ubinafsishaji wa mashamba (Better Regulation Unit [BRU]) ambacho makubwa ya NAFCO, ranchi za taifa, na kimeanza maandalizi ya kurekebisha mfumo wa viwanda 12 vya kubangua korosho. sheria na taratibu za kibiashara katika maeneo Katika mwaka 2003, Kituo cha Uwekezaji yaliyopewa kipaumbele hususan, mfumo wa (Tanzania Investment Centre [TIC]) kiliendelea leseni za biashara, sheria za ajira na kazi, kuboresha huduma zake kwa wawekezaji kwa utekelezaji wa Sheria ya Ardhi na marekebisho mtindo wa kuwa kituo kimoja cha uwezeshaji ya muundo wa utendaji wa wakala wa usajili wa (one-stop facilitation centre). Kituo kilikamilisha biashara (Business Registration and Licensing mapitio ya Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Kituo wa Agency [BRELA]). miaka mitano (2001–2006) na kurekebisha Baraza la Taifa la Biashara liliendelea Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Kituo wa miaka kutekeleza majukumu yake ya kuwa kiungo cha mitano (2003–2008). Vilevile, Kituo kilishiriki mashauriano kati ya Serikali na sekta binafsi ili kikamilifu kukamilisha uanzishwaji wa Mpango kuboresha hali ya biashara hapa nchini na wa Uimarishaji wa Mazingira ya Biashara uwekezaji wa mitaji ya ndani na nje ya nchi. Tanzania (Business Environment Strengthening Baraza limeunda kamati saba za kushughulikia for Tanzania [BEST]). masuala ya viwanda na usindikaji wa mazao ya Miradi iliyoidhinishwa na Kituo iliongezeka kilimo, utalii na utangazaji nchi, uendelezaji wa kwa asilimia 19.6 kutoka miradi 311 yenye wataalam, fedha, kilimo, ushauri kwa Rais, na thamani ya shilingi 1,024 bilioni mwaka 2002 biashara. Katika mwaka 2003, Baraza lilifanya hadi miradi 372 yenye thamani ya sh. 1,669.4 mikutano miwili yenye lengo la kuboresha bilioni. Kati ya miradi 372 iliyoidhinishwa mwaka mazingira ya uwekezaji na kujifunza njia bora za 2003, miradi 155 ilikuwa ya wawekezaji wa ndani, kisasa za uwekezaji mitaji na kufanya biashara. miradi 109 ya wawekezaji wa nje, na miradi 108 Pia, Baraza liliendelea kuandaa mapendekezo ya ilikuwa ya ubia. Miradi 229 ilikuwa mipya, na kurekebisha Sheria ya Ardhi kwa lengo la miradi 143 ilikuwa ya ukarabati na upanuzi wa kurahisisha utoaji wa mikopo kwa kutumia ardhi shughuli. Sekta ya viwanda imeendelea kuongoza kama dhamana, kurekebisha Sheria ya Ajira kwa kuwa na miradi mingi zaidi, inayofikia 127 lengo la kuboresha ajira, kurekebisha mfumo wa (asilimia 34) yenye thamani ya sh. 239.6 bilioni. kodi, na kuondoa kodi zenye kero. Sekta ya utalii ilikuwa na miradi 81 (asilimia 22), Nimeanzisha pia utaratibu wa mashauriano na

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 wawekezaji wa kimataifa (International Investors’ utekelezaji wa Mpango wa Maendeleo wa Elimu Round Table for Tanzania [IRT]), unaoshirikisha ya Msingi (MMEM) na mafanikio yalikuwa wakuu wa makampuni ya kimataifa na kitaifa ili yameanza kuonekana. Idadi ya shule za msingi kunishauri mara kwa mara juu ya namna ya iliongezeka na kufikia 12,815 mwaka 2003 kutoka kuifanya nchi yetu ivutie wawekezaji binafsi. 12,211 mwaka 2002. Kati ya shule hizo, 166 Mkutano wa kwanza wa IRT ulifanyika Dar es zilikuwa za watu binafsi ikiwa zimeongezeka Salaam tarehe 17 mwezi Julai 2002; wa pili kutoka shule 59 mwaka 2002. Pia, idadi ya ulifanyika Zanzibar tarehe 27 Mei 2003; na wa wanafunzi iliongezeka kutoka 5,981,338 mwaka tatu ulifanyika mwezi Novemba 2003. Pia 2002 hadi 6,562,772 mwaka 2003, kati yao tulikuwa wenyeji wa Mkutano wa Jumuiya ya wanafunzi 6,531,769 walikuwa katika shule za 156 Madola Kuhusu Uwekezaji Tanzania serikali na 31,003 shule za watu binafsi. Aidha, (Commonwealth Investment Conference for kati yao, wasichana walikuwa asilimia 48.7 na Tanzania) tarehe 28 Mei 2003. Haya ni matukio wavulana asilimia 51.3. Vilevile, kiwango cha muhimu kwa maendeleo ya uchumi wa Tanzania jumla cha uandikishaji kiliongezeka kutoka kwa vile yanavutia uwekezaji, yanaongeza mapato asilimia 98.6 mwaka 2002 hadi asilimia 105.3 ya utalii, yanaongeza nafasi za ajira, na hivyo, mwaka 2003. Kiwango halisi cha uandikishaji kuchangia kupunguza umaskini na kuongeza kiliongezeka kutoka asilimia 80.7 mwaka 2002 mapato serikali. hadi asilimia 88.5 mwaka 2003, na asilimia 90.1 mwaka 2004. EKTA YA JAMII Katika mwaka 2003, kulifanyika ujenzi wa madarasa 13,342; ofisi za walimu 226; nyumba za Utangulizi walimu 997; vyoo vya shimo 14,700; na kuajiri walimu wapya 15,921 ili kukabiliana na ongezeko Serikali inatumia sekta za huduma za jamii la wanafunzi na kuboresha mazingira ya kuhakikisha kwamba mafanikio ya uchumi mkuu kufundishia na kujifunzia. Jumla ya walimu katika yanawafikia wananchi wa kawaida katika sehemu shule za msingi ilifikia 114,660 mwaka 2003 ikiwa zote, mijini na vijijini. Utekelezaji wa Mkakati wa ni ongezeko la asilimia 2.3 kutoka walimu Kupunguza Umaskini unalenga katika kuboresha 112,109 waliokuwepo mwaka 2002. Wastani wa huduma za jamii. Lengo kuu ni kupunguza uwiano kati ya mwalimu na wanafunzi ulikuwa umaskini wa kipato na ule usio wa kipato. 1:57. Pia, uwezo wa kamati za shule mbalimbali uliimarishwa kwa kushiriki kwao katika warsha Sekta ya Elimu juu ya utawala, usimamizi wa fedha, usimamizi wa vifaa vya shule na uandaaji wa mipango ya shule. Katika mwaka 2002/03, serikali iliendelea Katika mwaka 2003 kulikuwa na shule za kuboresha na kuimarisha hali ya mazingira ya sekondari 1,083 ambapo 649 zilikuwa za serikali elimu kwa kushirikiana na sekta binafsi na wadau na 434 za watu binafsi, sawa na ongezeko la wengine. Sekta binafsi na watu mbalimbali asilimia 6, kutoka shule 1,059 mwaka 2002. Idadi wameshiriki kwa kiasi kikubwa katika utoaji elimu ya wanafunzi wa kidato cha I–IV ilikuwa ni katika elimu ya awali, shule za msingi na 186,055 katika shule za serikali na 133,432 katika sekondari, na elimu ya juu. shule binafsi; ambapo kwa kidato cha V-VI Katika mwaka 2003, serikali iliendelea ilikuwa 14,665 katika shule za serikali na 11,289 kuimarisha ubora wa mazingira ya elimu kwa katika shule binafsi. Idadi ya wanafunzi wa kidato kushirikiana na sekta binafsi na wadau wengine. I-IV iliongezeka kutoka 296,529 mwaka 2002 Idadi ya wanafunzi katika shule za awali hadi 319,487 mwaka 2003, ikiwa ni ongezeko la imeongezeka zaidi ya mara mbili kutoka 313,310 asilimia 7.7. Kiwango cha wanafunzi wanaojiunga mwaka 2002 hadi wanafunzi 774,750 mwaka na shule za sekondari imeongezeka kutoka 2003. Mwaka 2003 ulikuwa ni mwaka wa pili wa asilimia 21.7 ya waliofanya mtihani wa kumaliza elimu ya msingi mwaka 2002 hadi asilimia 30.1 wananchi wenyewe, na uimarishaji wa mwaka 2003. ushirikishwaji wa wananchi kuhusu afya zao. Katika siku zijazo, mpango wa maendeleo ya Mfuko wa Taifa wa Bima ya Afya uko katika sekta hii utasisitiza uboreshaji wa mazingira ya mwaka wake wa tatu wa utekelezaji, na unao kutoa elimu na mafunzo bora katika viwango wanachama 242,508. Vituo 3,551 vya matibabu— vyote. Mpango huu ni pamoja na ujenzi na 3,060 vya serikali na 491 vya mashirika ya dini— ukarabati wa vyumba vya madarasa na nyumba za vimesajiliwa, pamoja na maduka ya dawa 33, Tanzania walimu ili kuongeza uandikishaji wanafunzi. kuhudumia wanachama. Mafunzo na ajira ya walimu wapya ni mambo Idadi ya vituo vya utoaji huduma za afya yatakayopewa kipaumbele. imeendelea kuongezeka. Katika mwaka 2003, kumekuwa na ongezeko la zahanati 233 na vituo 157 Sekta ya Maji vya afya 16 vilivyojengwa na halmashauri na nguvu za wananchi. Pia, masanduku ya dawa Katika mwaka 2003, Serikali iliendelea kutekeleza yalipelekwa kwenye vituo hivyo. Jumla ya vituo Sera ya Maji kwa kupanua wigo wa ushiriki wa 87 vya mashirika ya kujitolea na watu binafsi jamii katika uandaaji wa miradi ya maji, ujenzi wa vimesajiliwa katika mwaka 2003. Aidha, serikali miundombinu ya maji, uendeshaji, ukarabati na imeongeza ruzuku ya vitanda kwa hospitali za utunzaji wa miradi ya maji nchini. Aidha, Serikali, mashirika ya dini kutoka Sh. 7,500 mpaka iliendelea kutekeleza mikakati mbalimbali Sh.15,000 kwa kitanda kwa mwaka. inayolenga kuboresha na kuimarisha mfumo wa Kuhusu tishio la ugonjwa wa UKIMWI, kwa ukusanyaji wa takwimu na taarifa za maji juu na ushirikiano kati ya serikali na wadau wengine, chini ya ardhi kwenye mabonde yote nchini. tumeongeza huduma za ushauri nasaha na vifaa Serikali itaendelea kuhamasisha ushirikiano baina vya kupima kwa hiari katika hospitali 110. Mwaka ya makampuni binafsi, ya nchini na ya kimataifa; 2002, idadi ya watu walioathirika na Virusi asasi zisizokuwa za serikali; na wananchi katika Vya Ukimwi (VVU) ilifikia milioni 2.2, idadi ujenzi, uendeshaji na ukarabati wa miradi ya maji. ambayo ni sawa na asilimia 6.5 ya jumla ya idadi Mradi wa Maji Chalinze, uliogharimu Sh. 27 ya watu wote. Zaidi ya theluthi moja ya bilioni, umekamilika; na Mradi wa Maji ya Ziwa walioambukizwa tayari wanaugua UKIMWI. Victoria kwa ajili ya miji ya Shinyanga na Kahama, Madhara yanayoletwa na kuugua na kufa kwa pamoja na vijiji vya njiani, utakaogharimu Sh. 89 watu kutokana na UKIMWI katika jamii na bilioni, uko mbioni kutekelezwa. uchumi ni makubwa. Jambo la kusikitisha zaidi ni kwamba kiwango cha maambukizo hakijapungua Sekta ya Afya sana kutoka mwaka uliopita ambapo kiwango hicho kilikuwa asilimia 7 hadi 10 vijijini, na Utaratibu wa kuelimisha na kuhamasisha asilimia 20 hadi 24 katika sehemu za mijini. halmashauri za wilaya kuanzisha mifuko ya afya Mwaka 2002 pia ulishuhudia utekelezaji mkubwa ya jamii (Community Health Fund [CHF]) wa Mkakati wa Taifa Kuthibiti VVU/UKIMWI, unaendelea. Wilaya 88 zimeelimishwa na na upanuzi wa mtandao wa wadau na washiriki kuhamasishwa kuunda bodi za afya za katika kupambana na UKIMWI. Kwa halmashauri na kamati mbalimbali za afya kama kushirikiana na Taasisi ya Rais Bill Clinton, vyombo vya usimamizi wa huduma za afya Serikali imeandaa Mpango wa Matunzo na Dawa wilayani. Halmashauri 23 zinatekeleza utaratibu kwa Walioathirika na VVU/UKIMWI wenye huu wa CHF na nyingine 17 zinakamilisha lengo la kuhudumia watu 400,000 katika miaka taratibu ili waanze utekelezaji. Faida zilizopatikana michache ijayo. kwa kuanzisha mfuko huu ni pamoja na Serikali itaendelea kuweka kipaumbele katika upatikanaji wa dawa, ukarabati wa majengo na vita dhidi ya VVU/UKIMWI kwenye sekta zote vifaa vya tiba, udhibiti wa dawa unaofanywa na na mahali pote pa kazi, ili kupunguza athari za

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 kiuchumi na kijamii, na katika kupunguza asilimia 2.0 serikalini na asilimia 0.5 katika nguvukazi ya taifa iliyosomeshwa na yenye ujuzi mashirika ya umma. Hivyo, sekta ya umma wa kazi. inaajiri asilimia 2.5 tu ya wenye uwezo wa kufanya kazi. Wastani wa kiwango cha utegemezi Sayansi na Teknolojia wa wanakaya kwa mkuu wa kaya ni 0.87. Utafiti umeonyesha kuwa kiwango cha utegemezi Kwa kutambua kuwa sayansi na teknolojia ni kinaongezeka kadiri kiwango cha elimu ya mkuu zana ya maendeleo, serikali iliendelea kuikuza na wa kaya kinavyozidi kuongezeka. tunaiingiza kwenye mitaala ya elimu ya kawaida Watu wasio na kazi ni asilimia 12.9 kwa nchi na ya ufundi. Tunatambua kuwa maendeleo ya nzima. Karibu nusu ya wasiokuwa na kazi 158 sayansi na teknolojia ambayo ni muhimu kwa wanaishi mijini. Katika Jiji la Dar es Salaam peke taifa katika mazingira ya uchumi wa soko na yake, asilimia 46.5 ya wenye uwezo wa kufanya utandawazi, yanaweza kupatikana tu tukiwa na kazi hawana kazi. Kwenye miji mingine kiwango taifa lililoelimika, na nguvukazi yenye ujuzi wa hicho ni asilimia 25.5 na vijijini ni asilimia 8.4. hali ya juu. Tunaendelea kudai ongezeko la Kijinsia, vijana wa kike ndio wanaoathirika zaidi uhamishaji wa teknolojia kutoka nchi tajiri na tatizo hili. Uchambuzi wa sekta za ajira kwenda nchi maskini kama sharti la lazima kwa unabainisha kuwa sekta rasmi ya umma, ambayo maendeleo yetu na mafanikio katika vita dhidi siku za nyuma ilikuwa ndiyo mwajiri mkuu (wa ya umaskini. kazi za mshahara), imeshuka sana katika kutoa nafasi za ajira. Badala yake, sekta ya kilimo, sekta IDADI YA WATU NA MAENDELEO isiyo rasmi na sekta rasmi binafsi ndizo zinazoajiri watu wengi zaidi. Sensa ya Watu na Makazi iliyofanyika Agosti Serikali itaendelea kuhamasisha na kuwezesha mwaka 2002 ilionyesha kuwa kasi ya ongezeko la kuongezeka kwa fursa za ajira na uzalishaji mali watu kwa mwaka ni asilimia 2.9. Inakadiriwa hususani kwa kuvutia wawekezaji wa ndani na nje kuwa Tanzania ilikuwa na watu 35.3 milioni na kupitia shughuli za uzalishaji na biashara mwaka 2003. Kati ya hao, watu milioni 34.2 ndogo na za kati (SMEs). wanatoka Tanzania Bara na waliosalia wanatoka Tanzania Zanzibar. Wanawake ni asilimia 51.1 WANAWAKE NA MASUALA YA ya watu wote. Nguvukazi ya taifa (ambayo JINSIA inajumuisha watu wenye umri wa kuanzia miaka 15 hadi 69) inakaribia asilimia 52 ya watu Kwa mujibu wa Sensa ya Watu na Makazi ya wote, na waliobaki ni wategemezi (wazee na/au Mwaka 2002, wanawake ni asilimia 51.1 ya idadi wanafunzi). ya watu wote. Wanawake mara nyingine wamekuwa wakidhalilishwa kutokana na desturi NGUVUKAZI NA AJIRA na tamaduni za kijamii ambazo zinaathiri nafasi zao katika maamuzi ya uzazi na uzalishaji mali. Wastani wa watu 650,000 wamekuwa wakiingia Serikali imeanzisha mkakati, wenye vipengere katika soko la ajira kwa mara ya kwanza kila vingi, wa kushughulikia tatizo hili, na ambao mwaka. Zaidi ya nusu ya nguvukazi ina umri kati unajumuisha utungaji sheria, kuboresha elimu, na ya miaka 15 na 29 na karibu asilimia 82 ya upendeleo maalumu kwa wanawake. nguvukazi hiyo inaishi vijijini. Asilimia 80 ya Tayari upo usawa wa kijinsia katika idadi ya wenye uwezo wa kufanya kazi wanafanya kazi, na wanafunzi katika shule za msingi na pia katika kati ya hawa, asilimia 84.0 wanajiajiri katika daraja la chini la shule za sekondari. Tofauti za kilimo cha asili, asilimia 6.0 katika sekta isiyo kijinsia zinaanza kupanuka katika daraja za juu za rasmi, asilimia 4.0 katika sekta rasmi binafsi, elimu. Kwa mfano mwaka 2003, wakati asilimia 3.5 katika kazi za kiuchumi za nyumbani, wanafunzi wanawake walikuwa asilimia 48.7 ya wanafunzi wote katika shule za msingi za serikali, ujumla, yameleta matatizo makubwa ya kiusalama wastani huo ulipungua kufikia asilimia 43.9 katika kwa Tanzania. shule za sekondari na kupungua zaidi kufikia Tumeendelea kuwa kitovu cha utafutaji amani asilimia 28 katika vyuo vikuu vya serikali. ya nchi mbalimbali, hususani Rwanda na Wanafunzi wa kike wana mwelekeo mkubwa zaidi Burundi. Tumejitahidi kupunguza hali ya wa kuacha shule kuliko wenzao wa kiume. Kuna wasiwasi na kuboresha ulinzi na usalama katika sababu nyingi, ikiwemo baadhi ya shule kuwa na maeneo haya, tukiamini kuwa amani na utulivu ni Tanzania mazingira ya uhasama, mitaala isiyowahusu sharti muhimu la ushirikiano imara wa kiuchumi wasichana, mimba za usichanani, maendeleo kikanda, na wenye faida kwa pande zote, katika mabaya kishule, kuolewa mapema, wazazi ukuaji wa uchumi na maendeleo ya kila nchi. kutothamini elimu kwa wasichana, na matatizo Idadi kubwa ya wakimbizi kama iliyopo 159 ya kifedha. Tanzania, inasababisha matatizo makubwa ya Katika sehemu za kazi, wawe wamejiajiri au kiusalama, ikiwemo kuzagaa nchini kwa silaha wameajiriwa, wanawake wanakutana na matatizo ndogo, kuongezeka kwa uhalifu, hasa ujambazi mengi kama vile kutokuwa na elimu ya kutosha, wa kutumia silaha na mauaji, uharibifu wa ubaguzi wa kijinsia, ukosefu wa mitaji, matumizi mazingira na athari nyingi mbaya za kijamii na ya teknolojia duni, ujuzi haba, na uhafifu wa kitamaduni. Isitoshe, idadi kubwa ya wakimbizi bidhaa zao ambazo hushindwa kushindana katika husababisha wasiwasi wa watawala wa nchi soko. Mafunzo ya muda mrefu na mfupi walikotoka wakimbizi hao dhidi ya nchi yamekuwa yakitolewa ili kuinua ujuzi na ustadi inayowahifadhi. wa wanawake. Tanzania inayo matumaini kwamba Ili kuongeza uwakilishi wa wanawake katika kuanzishwa kwa serikali za mpito nchini Burundi ngazi za uongozi zinazofanya maamuzi, serikali na Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia Kongo, pamoja na inatarajia kubadili sheria ili wanawake wasiwe mikataba ya kumaliza vita kati ya serikali za chini ya asilimia 30 katika bunge, na katika mpito na vikundi vyenye silaha katika nchi hizo, serikali za mitaa. Kati ya watumishi wa Serikali kutapunguza idadi ya wakimbizi wanaoingia wa ngazi ya kati 211 walioajiriwa mwaka 2003 nchini, na kuwezesha kazi ya kuwarudisha sitini na tatu walikuwa wanawake, sawa na makwao wale waliopo kuanza. asilimia 29.9. Aidha, Serikali iliandaa taarifa ya Tanzania vilevile inashiriki kazi za kulinda utekelezaji wa Azimio la Beijing na Mkutano wa amani sehemu mbalimbali duniani kwa mwaliko Tatu wa Baraza la Umoja wa Mataifa. wa Umoja wa Mataifa.

USALAMA WA TAIFA UHALIFU

Kuendelea kwa ugonjwa wa VVU/UKIMWI, Mapambano dhidi ya uhalifu mkubwa, ikiwemo kumesababisha janga lisilo na kipimo ambalo rushwa, iliendelea kuwa changamoto kubwa kwa kwa kweli limefikia kiwango cha kustahili vyombo vya usimamizi wa haki na ulinzi wa kuhesabiwa kama hatari kwa usalama wa taifa, amani. Serikali inayo mipango na mikakati ya kwa maana ya maisha ya watu na pia kwa ukubwa kitaifa na kimkoa ya kupambana na uhalifu wa wa rasilimali zinazobidi kuelekezwa kwenye tiba aina hii na mwingine wote. badala ya kwenye uzalishaji mali na maendeleo Katika mwaka 2003, Tanzania iliendelea ya kiuchumi. kushuhudia matukio mbalimbali ya uhalifu. Katika kanda yetu kijiografia, magomvi na vita Ukubwa wa uhalifu pamoja na usambaaji wake kwenye baadhi ya nchi za eneo la maziwa makuu umetofautiana kati ya mkoa mmoja na mwingine; yameiathiri Tanzania kwa kiasi kikubwa. baadhi ya sehemu za nchi zilikuwa na uhalifu Mapigano katika Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya mwingi zaidi wakati sehemu nyingine Kongo, Burundi na sehemu ya ukanda huu kwa zilishuhudia uhalifu mdogo.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Katika mwaka 2003, uhalifu wa matumizi na kuwa sekta hii, pamoja na ile ya mifugo na uvuvi, usafirishaji wa madawa ya kulevya umeendelea huchangia karibu nusu ya pato la taifa, na kushughulikiwa na Polisi na Tume ya Madawa ya kuhimili maisha ya karibu asilimia 80 ya Kulevya. Kumeendelea kuwepo na ushirikiano Watanzania, na hivyo ni muhimu katika vita dhidi mkubwa wa kubadilishana taarifa na kushirikiana ya umaskini na njaa. Mkakati wa Kuboresha baina ya Jeshi la Polisi la Tanzania na yale ya Kilimo na Ufugaji umepitishwa na serikali na nchi jirani. unaratibiwa. Lipo tatizo lililoendelea la umilikaji wa silaha kinyume cha sheria. Tatizo hili lipo hasa katika MALIASILI NA BIOANUAI mikoa ya Kagera, Kigoma na Rukwa, ambayo 160 inapakana na nchi za Rwanda, Burundi na Tanzania ni mojawapo ya nchi zilizojaliwa utajiri Jamhuri Kidemokrasia ya Kongo. Baadhi ya mkubwa wa maliasili. Maendeleo na hifadhi ya wakimbizi wanatumia hali ya vita iliyopo katika maliasili hizi, na matumizi bora ya vyanzo vya nchi zao kuingia na silaha nchini Tanzania nishati vinavyojirudufisha, ni kiini cha sera za kinyume cha sheria. Matokeo yake, kunakuwa na serikali katika sekta hii. Ili kuendeleza uangalizi ongezeko la ujambazi wa kutumia silaha katika na hifadhi ya mazingira, mkazo unawekwa katika mikoa hiyo. Ukubwa na usambaaji wa uhalifu kuhimiza, kuimarisha na kuhamasisha jamii na mwingine kwa ujumla uliendelea kutofautiana watu kushiriki kama wadau wa mazingira yao. kutoka sehemu moja hadi nyingine na haujatishia Hata hivyo, kuna changamoto kubwa mbele. amani nchini. Uharibifu wa mazingira, kuongezeka kwa jangwa, Tunatekeleza miradi na mipango mbalimbali ukosefu wa maji safi na salama, matatizo ya ya kuboresha hali ya magereza yetu, ikiwa ni upatikanaji wa nishati rahisi vijijini, na kupotea pamoja na kuongeza bajeti, kutumia mfumo wa kwa bioanuwai na wanyama pori kutokana na parole kupunguza msongamano wa wafungwa, shughuli za binadamu, kwa kiasi kikubwa yote kuwa na utaratibu wa kitaifa wa kushughulikia haya hudhoofisha maendeleo endelevu ya sekta hii. uhalifu wa watoto, kudhibiti magomvi ya kifamilia, na kuimarisha uwezo wa taasisi za MAFANIKIO MAKUBWA YA kushughulikia uhalifu. KISIASA NA KISERA

UMASKINI NA NJAA Baada ya miaka karibu arobaini na tatu ya Uhuru, Tanzania imeuzatiti uhuru wake wa kisiasa, na Vita dhidi ya umaskini na njaa bado ni kiini cha kujenga umoja wa kitaifa usio na shaka, ambao sera na mipango ya serikali katika sekta za kwa kiasi kikubwa umesaidia kuhakikisha kiuchumi na kijamii. Mkakati wa Kupunguza Tanzania inakuwa nchi ya amani na utulivu hata Umaskini baada ya kupata msamaha wa kiasi cha pale kunapokuwa na vurugu katika nchi jirani. madeni ya nje chini ya Mpango wa Msamaha wa Kama ilivyo kwa nchi nyingi barani Afrika, Madeni wa HIPC uliendelea kutekelezwa. Tangu Kusini mwa Jangwa la Sahara, Tanzania ilikuwa mwezi Oktoba 2003, tunafanya mapitio ya kina nyuma sana kimaendeleo wakati inapata uhuru, kuhusu utekelezaji wa awamu ya kwanza ya ikiwa na miundombinu ya kijamii na kiuchumi Mkakati wa Kupunguza Umaskini (2001/02– michache sana, na katika sehemu nyingine nchini 2003/04) na kuandaa awamu ya pili ya ilikuwa haipo kabisa. Katika miaka hii ya uhuru, mkakati huo. tumepata maendeleo makubwa katika huduma za Umaskini na njaa ni matokeo ya kutegemea kijamii ukilinganisha na tulikotoka. Idadi ya watu mno kilimo duni, ambacho, kwa kiwango wazima wasiojua kusoma na kuandika imepungua kikubwa, ni cha jadi kinachotegemea jembe la sana, na miundombinu ya elimu na afya mkono na mvua ambayo nayo haiaminiki. Tishio imepanuliwa. Pia, tumeanzisha, kwa mafanikio la njaa siku zote lipo pamoja nasi. Tukumbuke makubwa, mageuzi ya kiuchumi yaliyoongeza ukuaji wa uchumi, na kuleta mafanikio katika katika utendaji kiuchumi yatasaidia kudumisha viashiria vya maendeleo ya kijamii. utulivu wa nchi na ustawi wa watu wake. Lakini, pengine la kujivunia zaidi ni kuwa Deni la taifa bado ni kubwa sana ingawa katika bara hili lenye historia ya vurugu za kisiasa tulipewa unafuu wa kupunguziwa madeni chini ya na ghasia, Tanzania imebaki kuwa nchi yenye mpango wa HIPC iliyoboreshwa. Kwa hiyo umoja, amani na utulivu. Nchi mbili huru, tutaendelea kujenga hoja ya kufutwa kabisa

Tanganyika na Zanzibar, ziliungana mwaka 1964 madeni ya nje ya nchi maskini sana; na kuendelea Tanzania na kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania. kukopa kutoka nje na ndani ya nchi kwa masharti Hadi leo hii, muungano huu ndio pekee nafuu ili kugharamia maeneo yanayopewa unaendelea kati ya nchi mbili huru za Kiafrika. kipaumbele katika upunguzaji umaskini. Tumekuwa na historia ya kisiasa yenye amani, Tutafanya kila tunaloweza tusilimbikize tena 161 ambapo serikali zinabadilishwa kila mara kupitia madeni yasiyolipika siku zijazo. sanduku la kura, na kwa kuheshimu Katiba ya Changamoto kubwa kwetu ni namna ya taifa. Hakuna Rais aliyeachia madaraka ambaye kugharamia mambo mengi yaliyo muhimu, katika alilazimika kuikimbia nchi yake. Wote wanaishi mazingira ya uhaba wa fedha. Kuongeza tija kwa amani katika nchi inayoendelea. kwenye sekta ya kilimo kama chanzo cha kipato cha mtu wa kawaida na pato la serikali nalo ni MALENGO YA SIKU ZIJAZO NA jambo muhimu sana. CHANGAMOTO ZAKE Katika hili, na katika changamoto nyingine zote, majaliwa ya nchi yetu yapo mikononi Tanzania imeingia milenia mpya kwa matumaini. mwetu. Tunao utashi wa kisiasa kufanikiwa. Lakini matokeo ya kipindi kirefu cha kudumaa na Iwapo tutaendelea kuungwa mkono na wahisani, ukuaji mdogo wa uchumi yanaweka mbele yetu na kama mazingira duniani yatakuwa mazuri changamoto kubwa: changamoto ya kuondoa kwetu, bila shaka tutazidi kuendelea na kupata umaskini, mapambano dhidi ya VVU/UKIMWI, mafanikio katika miaka ijayo. changamoto ya kuhakikisha demokrasia yetu inaendelea kuwa ya amani na masikilizano, changamoto ya kuleta amani ya kudumu katika nchi jirani, changamoto ya kupata na kutumia sayansi na teknolojia kwa maendeleo, na kwa ujumla, changamoto ya utandawazi. Mafanikio makubwa na endelevu katika utekelezaji wa mageuzi yetu ya kisiasa na kiuchumi, na ukuaji wa wazi wa uchumi katika kipindi cha miaka kadhaa iliyopita, yanatupa matumaini kuwa, tukiongeza bidii na kuendelea kuungwa mkono, tutakabiliana vizuri na changamoto hizo na kufanikiwa kuwawezesha watu wetu kupunguza hali ya kutengwa na uchumi wa dunia. Hali ya amani na usalama iliyopo inaimarisha matarajio na uwezo wetu wa kuhakikisha yanakuwepo mazingira mazuri ya kuvutia uwekezaji na kuchochea maendeleo ya kiuchumi na kijamii. Jukumu la kuhakikisha amani inaendelea kuwepo litabebwa ipasavyo na vyombo vya dola. Mafanikio yanayoendelea kupatikana

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 ZAMBIA Divider Page ZAMBIA 164 Today marks the eve of the fortieth independence anniversary of our country. The theme for this year’s celebration is “Celebrating Forty Years of Zambia’s Freedom, Peace, and Pride.” This is befitting of the occa- sion, as it marks a significant period in the history of our country. It is an occasion for us to once again pay hom- age to the gallant freedom fighters and founding fathers and mothers who fought relentlessly to achieve the political independence we celebrate. This occasion gives every Zambian an oppor- Speech by His Excellency Levy Patrick tunity to evoke the spirit of independence, nationhood, and sovereignty regardless of ethnic Mwanawasa, President of the belonging, religious leaning, or political affilia- tion. We thank the almighty God for this. Republic of Zambia, on the Eve of the There is only one Zambia and one nation, that [of] our founding fathers and mothers, the Fortieth Anniversary of Independence heroes and heroines of the independence struggle [who] sacrificed their lives in order for us to 23 October 2004 enjoy self-rule. I would like to call upon you all, wherever you Lusaka may be, to take pride in your country, mother Zambia, and join in this celebration. Those of us who have been privileged to live [in] the days since the first celebration in 1964 still recall with nostalgia the euphoria that gripped all Zambians at the prospect of self-rule. There is no doubt we have gone through many human experiences, successes, and chal- lenges in the past forty years. Suffice [it] to say that over the years, Zambia has also gone through major social, political, and economic evolution. POLITICAL development have combined to pose the great challenge to Africa in our era. This made it Our founding fathers and mothers who led the inevitable for the Organisation of African Unity liberation struggle were inspired by the vision and [OAU], which was the continent’s vehicle for ideals of making Zambia a nation of equality, jus- liberation, to be transformed into the African tice, dignity, and peace for all mankind, regardless Union, with a new mandate of meeting Africa’s of ethnicity, religion, race, or political affiliation. development challenges. As you will recall, the Zambia Our political evolution has taken us through decision to transform the OAU into the African three republics. As some of you may recall, Union was made here in Lusaka. Zambia was a multiparty state for the first eight Zambia has also played a major role in regional years. However, in 1972, Zambia became a one- affairs. It will be recalled that the Southern 165 party state for a staggering nineteen years, until African Development Community (SADC) was 1991, when the country returned to a multiparty launched in Zambia, while the Common Market dispensation. To this effect, more Zambians are for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) has now participating in the affairs of the country its headquarters in Lusaka. Through these organ- through a variety of political parties, the civil isations, Zambia has participated in various peace society movements, and other affiliations. initiatives and in measures aimed at enhancing The noble ideals of our founding fathers and regional cooperation. mothers were premised on the notion that no Internationally, Zambia will continue to inter- nation is an island. [After] winning our indepen- act with other countries on matters of mutual dence, there was a national conviction that our interest, based on the spirit of friendship and freedom would not be complete if our neigh- partnership. We shall also continue our active bours were still under bondage. Indeed, we could participation in fora such as the United Nations, not enjoy our freedom and peace when our the nonaligned movement, and the Common- brothers and sisters in the subregion were in sub- wealth. This stems from our conviction that jugation. It was this principle that gave us the these organisations are conducive platforms for impetus to assist most of our neighbours in their advocating international peace and justice, as struggles for liberation. well as the well-being of humanity. Consequently, Zambia spearheaded the liberation struggle of southern Africa, which led ECONOMY to the independence of Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Namibia, and eventually the disman- At independence, Zambia inherited a monoecon- tling of apartheid in South Africa. We can proud- omy based on copper mining. This economic ly state that as a result of our contribution, today setup was deliberately put in place to enable the our neighbours are free men and women, chart- colonisers [to] have access to cheap raw materials. ing their own national destinies. However, the new government undertook Our reputation as an oasis of peace and stabil- extensive economic reforms. These reforms were ity in the region has also seen us play host to needed to accelerate the participation of the thousands of refugees. While we shall continue majority of the people of this country in the man- to encourage peace initiatives in war-torn coun- agement and ownership of economic enterprises. tries, we shall not shy away from our moral The creation of the parastatals became the responsibility [to] give sanctuary to those who main vehicle for enhancing Zambian participation deserve it. in the economy. However, the anticipated viability While the political liberation of Africa is of most of the parastatals did not occur, as they now complete, new challenges have emerged. began to depend on government subventions Deepening poverty, [the] HIV/AIDS pandemic, rather than declaring dividends to the treasury. the huge debt burden, and the perils of under- This characterised a drain on national resources.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 From independence, the mining sector has years, which is well above the population growth been the lifeblood of our social and economic rate of 2.5 percent. development. Through earnings from this sector, Inflation rates have dropped from 30 percent government was able to bring about a substantial in 2000 to 17.2 percent in 2003. Consequently, improvement in the social services, employment interest rates have also [decreased], from 50 per- opportunities, and investment in other sectors of cent in 2001 to less than 40 percent in 2003. The the economy to support diversification. exchange rate of the kwacha against major cur- However, our development efforts were dis- rencies has been stable for the past two years, rupted in the mid-1970s, when there was a slump while earnings from nontraditional exports have in copper prices. This was compounded by the increased from US$294 million in 2001 to 166 rise in oil prices, closure of trading routes to the US$407 million in 2003. south due to the unilateral declaration of inde- Over the years, Zambia has incurred a huge pendence in Rhodesia, and the liberation wars in and unsustainable external debt amounting to southern Africa. US$7.2 billion. In order to reduce this debt to Over the years, the mining sector became manageable levels, the government is committed progressively undercapitalised due to lack to reaching the Highly Indebted Poor Countries of investment in both exploration and mining (HIPC) completion point in 2004, [which will] development. involve us as a country to adhere to accountable By the mid-1980s, the performance of the and transparent systems of managing public economy had become rather poor. The produc- resources through [a] Medium-Term Expenditure tion of copper declined by almost half the level of Framework and the Integrated Financial [the] 1970s, with the gross domestic product Management System. These instruments are declining. At the same time, exports were gener- expected to enhance the performance-based ally lower than imports. This situation led the implementation of government programmes country to accept a structural adjustment pro- by targeting the achievement of clearly defined gramme from both the International Monetary outputs. Fund and the World Bank. Hence, some of the major outputs towards The new government, which came into achieving the HIPC completion point are the office in 1991, embarked on a comprehensive reduction of inflation, control and management economic-reform programme. At the centre of of the public service wage bill, control of this programme was the restructuring of the government domestic borrowing, protect[ion of] public service, the privatisation of parastatals, funding from the treasury to the education and and the macroeconomic stabilisation through health sectors, implement[ation of] anti- reduction of inflation and interest rates, among HIV/AIDS programmes, and increased gross other measures. domestic output. The government intends to The New Deal government has since 2001 further enhance economic development by embarked on prudent economic management. It increasing output from all sectors. has revived long-term planning and is imple- menting the Transitional National Development AGRICULTURE Plan and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper, both of which were launched in 2002. The two At independence, development in agriculture was are aimed at reducing poverty and enhancing a preserve of European settler farms. The indige- economic growth. nous agricultural population languished in pover- As a testimony to the full commitment [of] ty, with limited access to the money economy. implementing these cardinal development pro- [As] in other sectors, we lacked [the] profession- grammes, the country has enjoyed an average of ally qualified agriculturalists required for services 4 percent economic growth for the past four such as extension and research. Over the years, we have had notable diversifi- potential is being unlocked with new investment cation in the rural economy. There were increases and technological innovations. Cases in point in the type of crops grown, as well as in the share include the commissioning of Bwana Mkubwa of traditional farmers in the total marketed pro- mine in Ndola in 2002 and Chibuluma South duction. It is pleasing to note that the agricultural mine during 2001. Two other large mines that sector is making significant contributions to are being developed at Kansanshi and Lumwana poverty reduction and overall growth of the in North-Western Province will be commis- economy. sioned soon. Zambia In the 1990s, government liberalised the agri- In addition, J&W Holding AG of Switzerland cultural markets and emphasised the need for the has acquired RAMCOZ [Roan Antelope Mining private sector to take the lead in agricultural Corporation of Zambia] assets at Luanshya mine. 167 development. However, it is recognised that it Sterlite Industries Limited of India became the will take time for markets to be fully liberalised strategic equity partner for Konkola Copper and function efficiently. Mines PLC, following successful negotiations With the lessons of the past forty years, my with government after the sudden withdrawal of administration is more determined to unlock the Anglo American Corporation shares in Konkola high potential in agriculture. In this regard, gov- Copper Mines in January 2002. ernment has made agriculture the priority sector. As a result of this “rebirth” of mining activi- It is agriculture that offers us the greatest oppor- ties in the country, there has been a revival of tunity for generating growth and increasing activities in the construction and other auxiliary employment and incomes. This is evident from service industries, which had stagnated for many the past two agricultural seasons. Farmers have years due to lack of major investments. These managed to produce increased quantities of crops new investments, therefore, will bring a balanced as a result of the government fertiliser support development of local business with a positive programmes and good rain. impact on the economic prospects of Zambia. Government is scaling up efforts to fully inte- grate an increased number of small-scale farmers TOURISM into commercial production. In addition, a con- ducive environment is being provided for the The tourism industry has been developed from growth of the large-scale farming sector in order almost nothing at the time of independence. to enhance the linkages between the two. Gov- Concerted efforts to build the tourism ernment is also facilitating the availability and industry by the new government after indepen- accessibility of land for agricultural development dence included [the] building of hotels and to investors [in] identified farm blocks. lodges. The result of this was a steady growth Government will continue to provide [the] in tourist arrivals. By 1972 the country had necessary infrastructure, such as feeder roads, registered 62,000 tourist arrivals. However, the bridges, storage sheds, and dams, to facilitate the liberation wars and closure of the border with development of these farms. These farms are Rhodesia negatively affected tourism in Zambia envisaged to be in all the provinces and will be and reduced the tourist arrivals to 21,000 in introduced in phases. 1973. By 1980 Zambia registered only about 87,000 arrivals. MINING My administration, realising the importance of the tourism sector, reclassified it from [a] In the mining sector, the privatisation of ZCCM social sector [to] an economic sector. Tourism has [Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines] has already also been accorded second priority after agricul- attracted substantial amounts of investment capi- ture in terms of contributing to economic growth tal, including new mining projects. The dormant and poverty reduction.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 As I have always said, tourism as a labour- government is implementing programmes in the intensive sector holds enormous potential for management of natural resources, including pub- increased value added and creation of jobs lic education and awareness about environmental [because] it has linkages with most of the eco- concerns. A credit facility in the forestry sector nomic and social sectors. The policy of my has been introduced this year to support administration has been to provide incentives to Zambians [in] establish[ing] enterprises in forestry the industry and to promote private-sector while at the same time addressing deforestation. investment while improving basic infrastructure such as roads, airports, and telecommunications. INFRASTRUCTURE Substantial investment has already been directed 168 towards the upgrading of airports and roads Roads [that] lead to tourist centres. In the absence of a national airline, the high At independence, the country had only a basic cost of travel to Zambia has a negative effect on infrastructure. However, over the years the gov- tourism growth. It is for this reason that my gov- ernment has made tremendous progress in ernment is exploring modalities for establishing a expanding the infrastructure. private-sector-driven airline that will be a national The road network has been upgraded and flag carrier. expanded. However, due to the deferred mainte- Already the efforts of my administration are nance of the roads for many decades, rehabilita- yielding positive results. Needless to [say], tion and maintenance costs have increased to an Zambia was recently ranked in the top-ten tourist unsustainable level. destinations of the world and [the] second in In order to address the deterioration [of] the Africa. This is, by any measure, a remarkable road infrastructure in the country, government is achievement. Almost half a million international implementing the Road Sector Investment tourist arrivals were recorded in 2003. The Visit Programme (ROADSIP) in two five-year phases; Zambia Campaign 2005 is expected to attract the first phase [was] completed in 2002. The pri- another 400,000 visitors as Zambia celebrates the mary goal in phase two, from 2003 to 2007, is to 150th [anniversary] of David Livingstone’s visit replace all pontoons with bridges. and the 100th [anniversary of the founding] of Livingstone Town next year. Railways A tourism credit fund is already operational, and a number of our citizens have benefited from The government embarked on the modernisation these funds. I am convinced that with the facili- of Zambia Railways by replacing the old steam tated access to loans, Zambians will venture into locomotives with diesel-powered locomotives. [such] areas [as] accommodations, tour opera- The railway network was expanded with the con- tions, travel, and car hire so that benefits of the struction of the railway line from Kapiri Mposhi envisaged boom in tourism will not marginalise to Dar es Salaam. our citizens. To enhance the efficiency of the railways, In wildlife, most of our communities in our Zambia Railways has been concessioned to a pri- game-management areas are sharing in the bene- vate company, [and] TAZARA [Tanzania-Zambia fits accruing from safari hunting through their Railway] has undergone a major restructuring respective community resource boards. and commercialisation process. My government My administration recognises the fact that is committed to ensuring that a turnaround is tourism can be sustained only if the natural recorded in the railway subsector. resources on which it is based are sustainably managed. In addition, most of our sectors directly or indirectly depend on natural resources. My ENERGY for government to maintain the quality of health services at acceptable levels. Following the In the energy sector, Tazama [Tanzania-Zambia] change of government in 1991, health reforms pipeline was constructed in 1968 to transport were introduced as part of the public-service crude oil from Tanzania, and this reduced trans- reform programme in order to improve the per- portation costs. Maamba Collieries was also estab- formance of the health sector. lished in 1968, making the country self-sufficient Some of the major achievements since then in coal production, [and] the Kariba North Bank include decentralisation of the management of Zambia Power Station was commissioned in 1974. health services through the creation of seventy- By 1978 Zambia was self-sufficient in both two district health boards and twenty hospital electricity and coal and had established an oil management boards. Government strengthened 169 refinery. Zambia had been an importer of elec- leadership, accountability, and partnership at all tricity at independence, [but] because of the levels in the health-care delivery system under investment in the electricity subsector, Zambia the sectorwide approach. The health facility net- became a net exporter of electricity. The govern- work expanded from 394 hospitals and health ment also embarked on rural electrification to centres in 1966 to 1,327 in 2004. accelerate rural development. The government also embarked on the con- In order to improve efficiency in the energy struction of health posts for every 3,000 people sector, ZESCO [Zambia Electricity Supply Cor- per [hospital] catchment in order to take health poration] is also undergoing commercialisation. In services as close to the family as possible. In addi- ensuring increased generation of power, govern- tion, the programme to replace diagnostic equip- ment has successfully facilitated the signing of a ment in hospitals has since commenced in order memorandum of understanding between ZESCO to improve diagnostic capacity. Limited and Sinohydro [China National Water Construction of the first-ever cancer centre Resources and Hydropower Engineering] Corpo- has commenced at University Teaching Hospital ration. Through this move, the two corporations in order to reduce the cost of treating cancer will work together in [the] development of the patients abroad. Eight urban health centres have 600-megawatt Kafue Gorge Lower Hydropower also been upgraded to minihospitals in order to Project and the development of smaller hydro- decongest the University Teaching Hospital in power projects in North-Western Province. Lusaka. Health workers retention and rural hous- ing schemes have been developed in order to HEALTH motivate staff to work in rural areas. Procure- ment, storage, and distribution of drugs have At the time of independence in 1964, Zambia been streamlined. inherited a health-care delivery system [that] Concerted efforts are being made to retain was characterised by inequity in the distribution the gains made under the reforms and [to] of health facilities in favour of settlers and strengthen implementation of priority pro- urban populations. grammes such as [the] rollback malaria [initiative, The Zambian government then embarked on preventing] tuberculosis, [and improving] mater- deliberate programmes to redress the imbalances nal and child health under the sectorwide by providing free medical services. New health arrangement in order to achieve the Millennium facilities were constructed in almost all the dis- Development Goals. tricts in order to increase access to health services, especially by the rural population. HIV/AIDS Between 1970 and the late 1980s, the poor performance of the economy, coupled with the The HIV/AIDS pandemic is a major challenge increase in the population, reduced the capacity facing our nation today. In Zambia, the first cases

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 of HIV/AIDS were diagnosed in 1984. The university graduates. This was in comparison to infection rate increased to 26 percent among the over 6,000 non-Africans who had completed sec- population aged fifteen to forty-nine during the ondary education. The total population of non- 1990s. Recently, the infection rate among this Africans was only 86,900. age group was reduced to 16 percent. The advent In order to redress the situation I have just of HIV/AIDS has led to an increase in tuberculo- referred to, government abolished the policy of sis cases. The impact on the health-care delivery segregated education, assumed full responsibility system is enormous, with more than 50 percent for education, and introduced the policy of free of hospital beds occupied by patients with HIV basic education. University education was also and AIDS–related illnesses. introduced, and to date the country has three 170 The growth of our economy is seriously universities, two public and one private, and threatened by the pandemic, which affects the fourteen public teacher-training colleges. In addi- productive age group in our society. The pan- tion, government has transformed primary and demic has also led to the increase in the number secondary education into basic and high school of orphans. education respectively, in order to increase enrol- In responding to this challenge, my govern- ment and accelerate the achievement of universal ment has established a multisectoral approach in basic education. the fight against HIV/AIDS. A cabinet commit- At [the] high school level, Zambia had less tee of ministers has been established to provide than fifty schools in 1964. This number grew to policy direction and guidance in order to coordi- 353 by 2003. At basic school level, the number of nate the multisectoral response. The National schools has grown from less than one hundred at AIDS Council was established by an act of independence to about 5,000 in 2003 and enrols Parliament in 2002. Since then, HIV/AIDS activ- over two million learners. Due to inadequate ities have been mainstreamed in the public and infrastructure at [the] basic level, government has private sectors as well as the civil society. allowed alternative forms of learning such as To mitigate the impact of the pandemic and open and community schools and [the] interac- slow down its effects on the economy, my gov- tive radio initiative (IRI). Further, government is ernment has formally introduced antiretroviral implementing a number of interventions and therapy in public institutions, and approximately measures such as [the] programme for the 12,000 HIV-infected people are receiving treat- advancement of girls’ education, the school feed- ment. The target is that we scale up to 100,000 ing program, the re-entry policy, and the bursary patients by the end of 2005. I wish to remind all scheme in order to increase enrolment and reten- of you that prevention such as changes in sexual tion, especially among girls. behaviour and attitude still remains the most Financing of tertiary education has been done cost-effective method of reversing the pandemic. through the provision of bursaries. Since 1962, the Bursaries Committee operated under the EDUCATION Ministry of African Education. This has evolved over time and has to date provided bursaries to The education system at independence was char- over 10,000 students. The Bursaries Committee acterised by a number of imbalances. These also facilitates the training of Zambian students included inadequate infrastructures at all levels, abroad, especially [in] Russia, China, Cuba, [a] discriminatory system by race and gender, and Turkey, and India. The Bursaries Committee [in] a totally neglected tertiary level. Out of a total 2004 introduced a loan scheme [for] eligible stu- population of over three million Africans, there dents [to] access [a] university education. were only 132,000 and over 5,000 people who had primary and secondary education respectively. The country also had less than one hundred THE YOUTH Commission, and the offices of the investigator general and the auditor general. As we commemorate our independence, we Since independence in 1964, there have should not lose sight of the spirit of accomplish- been several attempts to reform the Constitution. ment and excellence that has been exhibited by The need to reform and change the Constitution the youth of this country, both during the strug- arose out of the need to legitimately conform gle for independence and after. Just to cite a few to changing political, social, and economic cir- examples, young men and women of various call- cumstances. I am happy to inform the nation Zambia ings have over the years brought us pride and that my New Deal administration will implement glory. In this, we salute the achievements of peo- the new Constitution as soon as it is passed ple like Lottie Mwale (Commonwealth boxing by Parliament. 171 gold medalist), Kalusha Bwalya (African foot- In the government’s effort to liberalise the baller of the year 1988), Cherise Makubale (Big media industry, a number of privately owned Brother Africa winner), Ellen Hight (swimming), media have mushroomed, community radio sta- Samuel Matete (400 metre hurdles’ world cham- tions in rural areas have been established, and pion), Lindiwe Alam (Project Fame winner), and local-language newspapers have been reintro- others too numerous to mention. duced. Zambia is quickly becoming a more The youth are an important part of our nation, informed nation. and my administration will continue to work for My New Deal administration recognises their improved welfare by creating opportunities the media as an institution of democracy and in areas such as education and employment. good governance. I also look back with nostalgia to the days when mobile cinema was being GOVERNANCE shown in rural areas and look forward to its reintroduction. My New Deal administration has embraced the culture of upholding the rule of law—democracy, CONCLUSION good governance, and zero tolerance to corrup- tion. In order to undertake these noble obliga- The elimination of poverty and fighting the tions, my administration has embarked on a HIV/AIDS pandemic remain the central objec- number of reforms, including constitutional tives of my administration. Their elimination is [reforms] and decentralisation [of government]. fundamental to the realisation of the goal of Furthering the effort of good governance, restoring the dignity of all our people. As we government in 2002 approved the national mark the four decades of freedom, peace, and decentralisation policy. The long-term vision of pride, the need for an economic transformation government is to achieve a fully decentralised and that brings about effective and significant contri- democratically elected system of governance butions towards poverty reduction becomes even characterised by open, predictable, and transpar- more pressing. ent policy-making and implementing processes. I am convinced that it is in the interest of The policy was launched on 20 August 2004, and all citizens of this country that my administration implementation is in progress. succeed. I want to assure you that through strong In pursuit of zero tolerance [of] corruption, partnerships among all Zambians, we can forge my administration is determined to rid our society ahead with a stable and growing economy. of corrupt practices by bringing the suspects to This will erase the stagnation of the past and the courts of law. In addition, we have strength- draw us all in to a more prosperous future. I ened the strategic and democratic institutions want to believe that it is only by doing so that such as the Anti-Corruption Commission, Drug we will live the dream of those who fought for Enforcement Commission, Human Rights our independence.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 Over the past thirty-four months of my administration, we have worked hard to lay the basis for the advances we must make to meet the goal of a better life for all. At the centre of this are related objectives of the eradication of pover- ty and the fundamental transformation of our economy. I have no doubt that our policies are a correct response to the practical reality my administration inherited. I wish you all a pleasant fortieth independence 172 anniversary. I thank you, and may God bless you all. Fifty Years of African Studies at Boston University

Boston University (BU) is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of its pre- mier research institutions. Chartered by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in 1869, it now has more than thirty thousand students, three thousand faculty, and seven thousand staff members. The student body represents all fifty states and more than one hundred fifty foreign countries. The number of for- eign students currently enrolled exceeds forty-four hundred. Boston University’s African Studies program is one of the nation’s oldest. For fifty years it has been a leader in producing knowledge about Africa and in training Africa specialists. The African Studies Center (ASC) is intellectually anchored by a core of well-known senior scholars engaged in stimulating and productive interaction with promising young Africanists. With sixty core and associated faculty members based in twenty departments and professional schools, the ASC has a wide range of expertise to draw upon in carrying out its academic, applied, and outreach missions. The ASC has successfully infused Africa into the curriculum campuswide and has forged formal links that offer students and facul- ty unparalleled opportunities for professional development here and abroad. The ASC has maintained a position of national leadership in developing African-language pedagogy. It produced the first American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages–trained Swahili teacher in the nation, was twice selected to lead the Association of African Studies Programs’ Group Projects Abroad in Africa, has served as the home base for the Niger-Congo Syntax and Semantics Colloquium, has played an active role on the National Council of the Less-Commonly Taught Languages, and has received the honor of hosting the thirty-first Annual International Conference on African Linguistics. In 2003, ASC hosted the International Igbo Studies Conference. The ASC teaches several levels each of Swahili, Hausa, Bamanakan, and Arabic. The ASC Outreach Program maintains an active schedule of teacher training and has successfully garnered federal, state, and local funds to conduct intensive summer institutes for kindergarten through twelfth-grade teachers, advanced workshops on timely topics, teacher conferences, and public presenta- tions on African issues. A full-time outreach director and support staff oversee a library and resource room with age-appropriate books, course guides, videos, slides, art, and artifacts available for loan to schools and community organizations. The Outreach Program is well-known throughout New England as a primary source for up-to-date, accurate information on rapidly changing African contexts and events useful to museums, print and broadcast media, and publishers. The African Studies Library contains the most accessible Africana collection in the Northeast and serves the nation’s densest concentration of research scholars and university students. Fifty percent of library users are non-BU students and researchers. The library occupies an entire floor of the main campus library and has it own staff of five Africana specialists. It has long been at the forefront of using electronic retrieval systems and computer databases to increase the availability of Africana materials. The ASC’s publications program is the most active in the nation, producing The International Journal of African Historical Studies, Boston University Papers on Africa, and specialized thematic working-paper series on an expansive array of African topics.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 The African Presidential Archives and Research Center thanks the United States Agency for International Development/Education for Development and Democracy Initiative for funding, in part, the African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004. The African Presidential Archives and Research Center also thanks the Carnegie Corporation of New York for funding, in part, the African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004.

African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004 African Leaders State of Africa Report 2004

African Presidential Archives and Research Center

Director Ambassador Charles R. Stith

Center Administrator Y. Obenewa Amponsah

Program Development Manager Julia C. Kenna

Communications Coordinator Mary-Mildred B. Stith

Balfour African President-in-Residence Attaché Kwame K. Willingham

Editor Margaret Bucholt

Copy Editors and Proofreaders Jane Cormuss, Nancy Fitzpatrick, Janet Meacham, Elizabeth Uhrig

Translators Giliane Bader-Wechseler, Judith M. Mmari, Dulce Mendes, Masse Ndiaye

Photography Courtesy of the African Presidential Archives and Research Center, unless otherwise noted. Boston University African Presidential Archives and Research Center 141 Bay State Road Boston, Massachusetts 02215