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CORPU-P (Contents) CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SERVICES CORRUPTION IN PUBLIC SERVICES Dr. Nalini Kanta Dutta M.Sc. (Ag.), Ph.D., LL.M., Ph.D. ANMOL PUBLICATION PVT. LTD. NEW DELHI - 110001 Dedicated to my Father Late Sonaram Dutta And My Mother Srimati Sundari Dutta Contents Preface ix Table of Cases xi Prolegomena 1 Chapter I: Corruption: An Introduction 14 Concept 14 Dimensions 16 Legal Provisions 17 Conduct Rules and Disciplinary Rules 18 Preventive Measures 18 Special Police Establishment 19 Vigilance Organisations 20 Trends of Corruption in Assam 21 Impact of Anti-Corruption Laws 22 Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 22 Chapter II: Incidence of Corruption 24 Disciplinery Powers and Incidence of Corruption 24 Corruption Amongst Professionals and Technical 25 Service Personnel Corruption Amongst Administrators 27 Political Corruption 30 Corruption at Lower Echelons 35 Chapter- III: Attitude of People Towards Corruption 37 Reactions and Responses 37 Redressal 43 (viii) Chapter -IV: Efficacy of the Prevention of 49 Corruption Act 1947 Public Apathy 49 Non-Implementation or Delay in Implem- 52 entation of the Act Procedural Lacunas in Trial and Investigation 57 Non-Relief of Prosecution Cases at Appellate Level 60 Political Interference 72 Integrity of Officials in Trapping or initiating 73 Proceedings against Delinquents Success at Bureaucratic Desk 74 Chapter V: Effect of Prosecution on Quality of 79 Public Life Chapter VI: Judicial Findings 84 Supreme Court Cases 84 Gauhati High Court Cases 116 Chapter VII: Condlusions 149 Biblioraphy 165 Index 168 Preface Corruption in public services prevalent from the past become a burning problem in all the countries of the world. The objective of the work is to assemble a wide range areas polluted with corruption and the people working and corruption in developing countries with special reference to India, in order to take a comparative view of the phenomena and to bring together people with common interest who had so far not been in touch. The work is based on a vivid study of this burning issue with which the public servants are so entangled, prevalence of corruption never fails to evoke a gushing torrent of abuse, even from the most docile. This canker is fast destroying our economy and our morals. So, I feel it is high time to analyse the problem of corruption in respect of its causation and cures and expose their inadequacies. This public calamity is mighty leveller. There are occasions when any, even the slightest chance of doing good, must inconsiderable person. The need to central this severe form of criminality is imperative. Although the adverse effects of this type of socio-economic offence is in evidence all around us and their far reaching consequences are obvious even to the common man sincere effort are yet to be given by the government as well as by the society itself to control and prevention in our country. The problem or corruption is very complex since it has its roots and ramifications in society as a whole. Corruption includes improper or selfish exercise of power and influence attached to a public office due to the special position one occupies in public life. So the (x) problem is to be viewed in relation to the entire system or moral values and the socio-economic structure of society, The Prevention of Corruption Act, 1947 was passed to make more effective provisions for the prevention of bribery and corruption as the existing law i.e. IPC was found insufficient to eradicate bribery and corruption from amongst the public servant. The PCA 1947 was later on amended twice once by the Criminal Amendment Act, 1952 and later in 1964 by the Santhanam Committee which was finally repealed Prevention of Corruption Act, 1988 to fill up the inadequacies of the 1947 Act. The usefulness of the book to all concerned is beyond doubt. The book can be in equal measure be useful to the students of Criminal Law in the course of higher legal studies. The author discharge his obligation with sincere gratitude to all these who inspired to write this book. Lastly I would be failing in my duty, if I do not place on record my thanks to my wife Dr Leena Dutta Bharali and my sons Mrinabh and Tarunabh for the sacrifices made by them during the period of my work and but for whose cooperation it would not have been completed. —Dr. Nalini Kanta Dutta Tables of Cases Akhowri Inderdeo Prasad - V - State, A.I.R. 1958, Pat. 374 Amarendra Nath Roy -V - State, A.I.R 1955, Cal. 236 Amrit Lal - V - State of Punjab, A.I.R. 1973, Cr.L.E. 210, 1973 Cur.I.J. 260 A. Verraili -V- State, A.I.R. 1975, A.P. 663 A. Mohammed Pagarker-V - State (Union Territory of Goa), A I.R. 1960, S.C. 499, 1980 Cr.L.J. 220 Balakrishna -v- state of Orissa, 1971 Cr.L.J. 670(SC) Balgopal Goenka -V- State of W.B., ., A.I.R. 1988, Cr.L.J. 570 (cal.) Balaji -V- I.T.O., 1962, 2 SCR 983 Bal Krishna Sayal -V- State of Punjab (1987) S.C. 689 (From Punjab and Haryana) Banwari—V- State of Rajasthan, 1979, Cr.L.J. 161 (Raj.) Banshilal -V- State of Bihar A.I.R. 1981, S.C. 1235, 1981 Cr.L.J. 741 Bas-Ul-Huq -V- State of W.B., A.I.R. 1953, S.C. 298, S.C.R. 836,1953, Cr.L. 1232, 1953, S.C.J. 406 Bhagat Ram -V- State of Rajasthan, A.I.R 1972, S.C, 1502 ,(1972)2 S.C .A. 38, 1972 S.C. Cr.R. 521 (xii) Bhuneswar Prasad Singh -V -State of Bihar, 1981, Cr.L.J. 142 87 Bhupesh Deb Gupta -V- State of Tripura, A.I.R. 1978, S.C. 1672, 1978, Cr.L.J. 1738, 1978 Bhup Narain saxena -V- State, A.I.R.,1952, Allahabad 35 Brij Basi Lal srivastava -V- State of M.P, A.I.R. 1979, S.C. 1080 (1979)4 S.C.C. 521, 1979 Cr.L.J. 913 B.R. Subbatyya -V- State of Bihar. A.I.R. 1970, I.S.C.W.R. 592, 1970, Current Law J. 457 C.I. Emden -V- State of U.P., A.I.R. 1960, S.C. 548, 2 3.C.R. 592,1960 C.N. Peter -V- The State, A.I.R. 1959, Allahabad 483 C. Prakash -V- Emperor, A.I.R. 1939, P.C. 42 Daulat Ram -V- State of Punjab (1962), A.I.R. 1206 Debendre Singh -V- The State of Assam, Criminal Appeal No. 24 of 1977, G.L.R. 66 (1983)1 Deonath Dudhnath Mishra -V- state of Maharastra, A.I.R, 1967, Bombay 1 Dhanavanteai Bahwantri -V- State of Maharastra, A.I.R. 1964, S.C. 575 Dharma Sarup -V- The State, A.I.R. 1953, 37 Dhaneswar Narain Saxena -V- The Delhi Administration, A.I.R. 1963, S.C. 1116 G.E. Patel -V- State of Maharastra, A.I.R. 1979, Cr.L.J. 51(SC pare 29} (xiii) Ganga Narain -V- State, A.I.R-. 1966, All. 197 G.V. Nanjudiah V- State (Delhi: Administration, A.I.R:. 1967, G.C. 2402, 1998 Cr.L.J. 152, (1987) 3 Crimes 217, (1967)33 D.L.T. 96,1987 G.C. CR. R. 303 - (1987)3 serv. L.J. 244, 1987 Cr.L.R. (S.S.) 580, (1987)2 Sup. 345, (1987) Cal. Cr.L.R. (S.C.) 189, (1987) All.Cr.C. 450, (1987)3 I.J Rep. 589(1987)4 J.T. 313, (1987)23 Tex Law Rev. 1 Ginduchi patnaik -V- State of Orissa, A.I.R. 1985, Cr.L.J. 645 (Orissa) Gokulchand Dawarkdas Morarka -V- The King, A.I.R. 1948, P.C. 82 Haradhan Char -v- State of W.B., A.I.R 1981, Cr.L.J. NOC 158 (Cal.) Hari Dev Sharma -V- State, A.I.R. 1976, G.C. 1489 (1976)1 Serv. I.C. 246, 1976 Cr. App. R. (S.C.) 201, 1976 L.J. (S.C.) 802, 1976 Cr.L.J. 1176, 1976 CP.L.R. (S.C .) 246, (1976)2 S.C.W.R. 28, Overruling 1971, Cr.L.J 1615 (Delhi) Hemanta Kumar Mohanty -V- State of Orissa, 1973(1) S.L.R. 112, 1973 (Cut.L.T.) 361 Hussainara Khatoon -V- State of Bihar, 1979 Cr.L.J. 1036 (S.C.) 1979, Cr. L.J. 1052 (S.C.) 65 H.T. Huntley-V- Emperor (1944), A.I.R., F.C. 45 Cr.L.J. 755, 214 I.C. 199, 1944 FLJ 17, 28 Pat. 517 Jai Ram Lakhe -V- State of Punjab, 1978 3 S.C.C. 133, 1978 Cr.L.R. 160, 1978 U.J. (S.C.) 266, (1978) 2 S.C.W.R. 104.1978 S.C.C (Cr.) 337, 1978 S.C. Cr.R. 235 (xiv) Jai Narain -V- State, A.I.R. 1974, S.C. 228, (1974) 3 S.C.C. 598 Jaswant Singh -V- State of Punjab, A.I.R. 1973, S.C. 707,1973 Jogeswar Singh Rastogi -V- State of M.P A.I.R. 1980, S.C. 366(2), 1979 Cr.App. R. (S.C) 302 1980 Cr.L.J. 323 Kailash Chandra Babu -V- State of Orissa, 1988 (2) Orissa 609 Kanchan Singh Dholak Singh Thakur -V- State of Gujarat, A.I.R. 1979, S.C. 1011(2 Judges), (1979)4 S.C.C. 599, 1979 Vad. L.J. (Cr) 589, (1979) S.C.J. 260, (1379) U.J. (S.C.) 551,1979 Cur. L.J. (Cr.) 216, 1973 Cr.L.J. 889, 1976 Cr.L.R. (S.C.) 246 Khombu Ram -V- State, 1972 -Cr.L.J.
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