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The Geography of Femicide in Sergipe, Brazil

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The Geography of Femicide in Sergipe, Brazil Status: Preprint has been submitted for publication in journal The geography of femicide in Sergipe, Brazil: matriarchy, human development and income distribution Yamilla Ramos Carvalho de Sá , Paula Cristina Pedroso Moi, Noemi Dreyer Galvão , Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva , Gisele Pedroso Moi https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 This preprint was submitted under the following conditions: The authors declare that they are aware that they are solely responsible for the content of the preprint and that the deposit in SciELO Preprints does not mean any commitment on the part of SciELO, except its preservation and dissemination. The authors declare that the research that originated the manuscript followed good ethical practices and that the necessary approvals from research ethics committees are described in the manuscript, when applicable. The authors declare that the necessary Terms of Free and Informed Consent of participants or patients in the research were obtained and are described in the manuscript, when applicable. The authors declare that the preparation of the manuscript followed the ethical norms of scientific communication. The authors declare that the manuscript was not deposited and/or previously made available on another preprint server. The submitting author declares that all authors responsible for preparing the manuscript agree with this deposit. The authors declare that in the event that this manuscript has previously been submitted to a journal and being evaluated, they have received the journal's consent to make the deposit on the SciELO Preprints server. The submitting author declares that all authors' contributions are included on the manuscript. The authors declare that if the manuscript is posted on the SciELO Preprints server, it will be available under a Creative Commons CC-BY license. The deposited manuscript is in PDF format. If the manuscript is being reviewed and published by a journal, the authors declare that they have received authorization from the journal to make this deposit. Submitted on (YYYY-MM-DD): 2020-12-15 Posted on (YYYY-MM-DD): 2020-12-15 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) SciELO Preprints - This document is a preprint and its current status is available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 DOI: 10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 e210016.supl.1 Artigo original The geography of femicide in Sergipe, Brazil: matriarchy, human development and income distribution A geografia do feminicídio em Sergipe, Brasil: matriarcado, desenvolvimento humano e distribuição de renda The geography of femicide in Sergipe, Brazil A geografia do feminicídio em Sergipe, Brasil Yamilla Ramos Carvalho de Sá (https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-5143) Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe. Aracaju (SE), Brazil. Email: [email protected] Paula Cristina Pedroso Moi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7586-9072) Center for Postgraduate Studies in Administration, Federal University of Bahia. Salvador (BA), Brazil. Email: [email protected] Noemi Dreyer Galvão (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8337-0669) Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Cuiabá (MT), Brazil. Email: [email protected] Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva (https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5293-9413) Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso. Cuiabá (MT), Brazil. Email: [email protected] Gisele Pedroso Moi (https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5901-5042) Department of Dentistry, Federal University of Sergipe. Aracaju (SE), Brazil. Email: [email protected] Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 SciELO Preprints - This document is a preprint and its current status is available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] St. Cláudio Batista, no number, 49060-108, Cidade Nova, Aracaju, SE, Brazil. Declaration of competing interest: None. Funding: This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Research Ethics Council: This exploratory ecological study, approved by the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Sergipe (CAEE 17504319.0.0000.5546), included secondary data from the Sergipe population, which is freely available in Brazilian databases. Individual collaboration of the authors Yamilla Ramos Carvalho de Sá: Writing – original draft, Formal analysis Paula Cristina Pedroso Moi: Data curation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing Noemi Dreyer Galvão: Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing Ageo Mário Cândido da Silva: Validation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing Gisele Pedroso Moi: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – review & editing Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 SciELO Preprints - This document is a preprint and its current status is available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 Abstract Objective: This research analyzed the joint spatial distribution and explored possible associations between epidemiological aspects and feminicide rates, in the municipalities of the State of Sergipe located into northeastern Brazilian. Methodology: An exploratory ecological study investigated the global spatial autocorrelation of epidemiological aspects with feminicide rates from municipalities of the State of Sergipe – Brazil (n= 75), in the 2013-2017 period, using the “global” and “local” Moran statistic method and a multiple spatial regression, having as variables of exposure the socioeconomic status, the demographic status, the services and health status, feminicide rates. The software used was Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 and GeoDa 0.95-i. Results: The spatial distribution of the femicide rates was not random and showed high spatial autocorrelation and predominance of significant spatial groupings of municipalities with the highest mortality rates due to feminicide in the central region of Sergipe State. In the multiple regression, the percentage of women heads of families and the Municipal Human Development Index were positively associated with the rates of femicide in Sergipe's municipalities in the studied period (p <0.05). The opposite situation occurred between the GINI Index and the rates of femicide. Conclusions: This is the first study that analyze the factors associated with the spatial clusters of feminicide rates in a geographical space where there is a predominance of patriarchal culture. There was an increase in femicide in locations where there is lowest social inequality, greater human development and greater authority exercised by women in the family environment. Keywords: Homicide. Gender-Based Violence. Mortality. Epidemiology. Ecological Studies. Spatial Analysis. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 SciELO Preprints - This document is a preprint and its current status is available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 Resumo Objetivo: Esta pesquisa analisou a distribuição espacial conjunta e explorou possíveis associações entre aspectos epidemiológicos e taxas de feminicídio, nos municípios do Estado de Sergipe, localizados no nordeste brasileiro. Metodologia: Um estudo ecológico exploratório investigou a autocorrelação espacial global de aspectos epidemiológicos com taxas de feminicídio em municípios do Estado de Sergipe - Brasil (n = 75), no período 2013-2017, utilizando a estatística de Moran “global” e “local” e uma regressão espacial múltipla, tendo como variáveis a condição socioeconômica, a situação demográfica, os serviços e estado de saúde, taxas de feminicídio. Os softwares utilizados foram Stata 11.0, SPSS 18.0 e GeoDa 0.95-i. Resultados: A distribuição espacial das taxas de feminicídio não foi aleatória e apresentou elevada autocorrelação espacial e predomínio de agrupamentos espaciais significativos de municípios com as maiores taxas de mortalidade por feminicídio na região central do Estado de Sergipe. Na regressão múltipla, o percentual de mulheres chefes de família e o Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal associaram-se positivamente às taxas de feminicídio nos municípios sergipanos no período estudado (p <0,05). Situação oposta ocorreu entre o Índice GINI e as taxas de feminicídio. Conclusões: Este é o primeiro estudo que analisa os fatores associados aos clusters espaciais das taxas de feminicídio em um espaço geográfico onde há predomínio da cultura patriarcal. Houve aumento do feminicídio em localidades onde há menor desigualdade social, maior desenvolvimento humano e maior autoridade exercida pelas mulheres no ambiente familiar. Palavras-chave: Homicídio. Violência baseada no gênero. Mortalidade. Epidemiologia. Estudos Ecológicos. Análise espacial. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) 1 / 1 SciELO Preprints - This document is a preprint and its current status is available at: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210016.supl.1 Femicide is rooted in gender inequality and contributes to perpetuate the subordinate position of women in society at a legal, social and economic level, being considered a serious public health problem already described by the World Health Organization over 30 years ago 1,2. Brazil ranks 5th on the world scale of femicide, preceded only by El Salvador, Colombia, Guatemala and Russia 3. The Map of Violence in Brazil (2015) already illustrated rising rates of female deaths from aggression in the 1980-2013 period and rising mortality rates in the period ranging from 2.3/100,000 - 4.8/100,000 women, respectively 4. This trend has remained over time, as described
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