Atlantis Highlights in Material Sciences and Technology (AHMST), volume 1 International Symposium "Engineering and Earth Sciences: Applied and Fundamental Research" (ISEES 2019) Geoecological Assessment and Quality Protection of Natural-Anthropogenic Geosystems in Karachay-Cherkessia Onishchenko V.V. Dega N.S. Department of Ecology and Nature Management Research Laboratory of Geoecological Monitoring Karachay-Cherkess State University Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Aliyev named after U.D. Aliyev Karachaevsk, Russia Karachaevsk, Russia [email protected] [email protected] Bajchorova E.M. FSBI branch “Centre of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Metrology in Southern Federal District " – Centre of Laboratory Analysis and Technical Metrology in Karachay-Cherkessia Cherkessk, Russia [email protected] Abstract – Against the background of comparing the scope of indicators, determine the cause-effect relationships that would anthropogenic impact on environmental with the scope of natural form a set of measures to preserve the geo-ecological balance. processes influencing it, it becomes obvious that humanity cannot continue to pollute the environment uncontrollably, however, it Mountain forests are sensitive to the introduction of cannot stop or at least reduce the rate of economic activity. From polluted air and to the influence of other factors, especially this standpoint, the analysis of influencing factors and response weather (wind, snow, frost) and harmful insects (moth larvae, forms of geosystems, where the tendency to reduce the quality of spruce bugs, bark beetles). These processes correct serai life-supporting conditions, the level of public health, and the processes and change forest structure. nature of unbalanced nature management is kept, is of particular relevance. Climatic parameters dynamics analysis, air pollution Many facts of mountain forests deterioration caused by conditions and characteristics, deterioration of medical and atmospheric pollution resulting in acid precipitation, as well as environmental indicators with response of the health status of the heavy metals and phytooxidants precipitating have been population according to the classes of morbidity and recorded. Due to the fact that there is more precipitation in the transformation of forest communities increase the need to mountains, these areas are more vulnerable to chemicals and implement a system of integrated environmental and geographical suspended substances of the atmosphere. monitoring and allow to form databases as well as to justify The purpose of geoecological monitoring of Karachay- measures to improve environmental management and geo- Cherkessia is to study the impact of a complex of environmental ecological well-being of the region. factors and man-made load on natural geosystems and Keywords – natural anthropogenic geosystems; ecological population health indicators and to define cause-effect monitoring; geography-specific climat; warming; surface relationships between them as well as the development of geo- atmosphere; pollution; health classes; forest stand transformation. environmental recommendations and measures to improve environment quality and public health. I. INTRODUCTION Tasks: st North Caucasus 21 century geopolitical events including observation and control over the state of life- the ones on the territory of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic supporting habitat and public health according to have led to the medical-geographical situation worsening and uniform methodology and programs for information aggravation of the geo-ecological situation on the mentioned collecting, processing and disseminating; territory. The introduction of market relations in the republic, the destruction of socio-economic relations have led to a sharp establishment of causal relationships between the decline in production and, consequently, a significant drop in indicators of public health and environment, analysis the requirements for the population health promotion. It has led as well as assessment of ongoing changes in the state to the need to study the impact of changing environmental of population health under the influence of adverse factors and man-made pressure on the population health factors of the natural-anthropogenic environment, justification of the identified dependencies; Copyright © 2019, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. 90 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Atlantis Highlights in Material Sciences and Technology (AHMST), volume 1 ensuring the population health and well-being; A modern analysis of regional climate indicators is made on determining priority directions in social and the basis of the extensive material of the Hydrometeorological environmental policies aimed at protecting health and Service of the Southern Federal District, nature records of the preventing diseases, improving the quality of the Teberdinsky State Natural Biosphere Reserve, sources of the living environment and living conditions of people. Ministry of Natural Resources of Karachay-Cherkessia on climate and geographical landscape components (topography, Hypothesis. According to Roshydromet, the level of air geology, soils, etc.) as well as on data obtained by stationary pollution in 138 cities of the Russian Federation (which makes and expedition methods. 57% of the urban population) is characterized as high and very high. The level of air pollution in 33 regions of the Russian The methodology of geoecological research consisted in the Federation is either high or very high (notably the observations formation of air quality monitoring database grounded on the were carried out only in 1-3 cities). A high and very high level analysis of samples from observation posts, which is conducted of urban air pollution was not observed only in 9 regions of the by Rostechnadzor in Karachay-Cherkessia, the Center for Russian Federation. Karachay-Cherkessia is among such Laboratory Analysis and Technical Measurements in subjects. Nevertheless, a significant increase in air pollution is Karachay-Cherkessia and the Scientific Research Laboratory of already observed in Karachay-Cherkessia. Geoecological Monitoring of KCGU (Karachay-Cherkess State University named after U.D. Aliyev). Observations were made The system of geo-environmental monitoring carried out by at additional points for the collecting single samples during the research laboratory of Karachay-Cherkess State University sanitary and hygienic monitoring. named after U.D. Aliyev and other bodies of Karachay- Cherkessia exercising supervision over the state of the The air quality monitoring network in Karachay-Cherkessia geosystems dynamics, the quality of their natural-climatic includes 7 monitoring stations. Concentrations from 5 to 25 sanitary-hygienic and anthropogenic parameters acknowledges substances (atmospheric air impurities) are measured in most the changes not only in natural landscapes but also in the state on-site stations. Stationary points are located in residential of public health in unity with the ecosystem. At the same time, areas, near highways and large industrial facilities. The stations the main monitoring requirement is that forecast is are divided into urban backgrounds (in residential areas), implemented on the basis of identifying trends in environmental industrial, auto (near major highways) and local ones in factors, dynamics of landscape and population health status accordance with their position. Observations are carried out in according to the morbidity classes. the tourist and recreational areas of the republic in addition to the stations of a single stationary system. Recently, a very significant eastern spruce (Picea orientalis) drying out was stated in the natural forests of the Teberdinsky The quality of the atmospheric air of populated areas is Reserve. Drying out is noted both in individuals and in monitored by Rospotrebnadzor in accordance with GOST communities and geosystems. Particularly pronounced nature 17.2.3.07-86 “Rules for the control of air of populated areas”. of the drying out spruce spread is noted on the slopes of the Four observation programs are used for observational stations upper Teberda River and in the gorges of the rivers Amanauz depending on the source of pollution and harmful substances and Gonachkhir, which form the river Teberda at the concentration. confluence [1]. The results of chemical analysis of air and The list of pollutants subject to control is determined on the spruce needles indicate technogenic pollution of the basis of information concerning the composition and nature of atmospheric air in the recreation area. emissions from pollution sources in a region and Preservation of biodiversity in genetics is very promising at meteorological conditions of dispersion of impurities in the level of species and populations. It is considered that a high accordance with RD 52.04.186-86 “Guidelines for Control of degree of genetic variability contributes to plants adaptation to Atmospheric Pollution” and GOST 17.2.3.01-86. the conditions of a polluted environment and more Among the various methods of geo-ecology and sanitary- heterozygous individuals also possess greater vitality in hygienic monitoring, the most relevant are the methods of geo- technogenic biotopes [2]. The probable possibility of information analysis and research based on combined ground- distinction is peculiar to age populations. aerospace environmental monitoring. Traditional