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Cables.Wiki.20150428.Pdf Contents 1 Cable 1 1.1 Etymology ............................................... 1 1.2 Electrical cables ............................................ 2 1.2.1 Cables and electromagnetic fields ............................... 2 1.2.2 Fire protection ........................................ 3 1.2.3 Electrical cable types ..................................... 3 1.3 Hybrid cables ............................................. 4 1.4 Mechanical cables ........................................... 4 1.5 See also ................................................ 4 1.6 References ............................................... 5 1.7 Further reading ............................................ 5 1.8 External links ............................................. 5 2 Coaxial cable 6 2.1 Applications .............................................. 6 2.2 Description .............................................. 6 2.3 Construction .............................................. 7 2.4 Signal propagation ........................................... 8 2.5 Connectors .............................................. 8 2.6 Important parameters ......................................... 8 2.6.1 Physical parameters ...................................... 9 2.6.2 Fundamental electrical parameters .............................. 9 2.6.3 Derived electrical parameters ................................. 9 2.6.4 Choice of impedance ..................................... 10 2.7 Issues ................................................. 11 2.7.1 Signal leakage ......................................... 11 2.7.2 Ground loops ......................................... 11 2.7.3 Noise ............................................. 11 2.7.4 Common mode current and radiation ............................. 12 2.8 Standards ............................................... 12 2.9 Uses .................................................. 13 2.10 Types ................................................. 13 2.10.1 Hard line ........................................... 13 i ii CONTENTS 2.10.2 Radiating ........................................... 14 2.10.3 RG-6 ............................................. 14 2.10.4 Triaxial cable ......................................... 14 2.10.5 Twin-axial cable ....................................... 14 2.10.6 Semi-rigid ........................................... 14 2.10.7 Rigid line ........................................... 15 2.10.8 Cables used in the UK .................................... 15 2.11 Interference and troubleshooting ................................... 16 2.12 History ................................................. 16 2.13 See also ................................................ 17 2.14 References .............................................. 17 2.15 External links ............................................. 18 3 Copper wire and cable 19 3.1 Properties of copper ......................................... 19 3.1.1 Electrical conductivity .................................... 19 3.1.2 Tensile strength ........................................ 20 3.1.3 Ductility ............................................ 21 3.1.4 Strength and ductility combination .............................. 21 3.1.5 Creep resistance ........................................ 21 3.1.6 Corrosion resistance ...................................... 21 3.1.7 Coefficient of thermal expansion ............................... 21 3.1.8 Thermal conductivity ..................................... 21 3.1.9 Solderability .......................................... 21 3.1.10 Ease of installation ...................................... 21 3.2 Types of copper wire and cable .................................... 22 3.2.1 Solid and stranded ...................................... 22 3.2.2 Cable ............................................. 22 3.3 Applications for copper wire and cable ................................ 22 3.3.1 Building wire ......................................... 22 3.3.2 Communications wire (for telephone, cable TV, Ethernet) .................. 23 3.3.3 Power distribution ....................................... 25 3.3.4 Appliance wire ........................................ 26 3.3.5 Automotive wire and cable .................................. 26 3.3.6 Magnet wire (Winding wire) ................................. 26 3.4 Splice closures for copper cable .................................... 27 3.4.1 Types of closures ....................................... 28 3.5 Some future trends .......................................... 28 3.6 See also ................................................ 28 3.7 References ............................................... 29 4 Direct-buried cable 31 CONTENTS iii 4.1 Communications ........................................... 31 4.2 Power ................................................. 31 4.3 External links ............................................. 31 4.4 References .............................................. 31 5 Electrical wiring 32 5.1 Wiring safety codes .......................................... 32 5.2 Colour code .............................................. 33 5.3 Wiring methods ............................................ 34 5.3.1 Early wiring methods ..................................... 34 5.3.2 Knob and tube ........................................ 34 5.3.3 Metal-sheathed wires ..................................... 35 5.3.4 Other historical wiring methods ................................ 35 5.4 Cables ................................................. 35 5.4.1 Copper conductors ...................................... 36 5.4.2 Aluminium conductors .................................... 36 5.4.3 Modern wiring materials ................................... 37 5.5 Raceways ............................................... 38 5.6 Bus bars, bus duct, cable bus ..................................... 39 5.7 Electrical panels ............................................ 39 5.8 Degradation by pests ......................................... 40 5.9 See also ................................................ 40 5.10 References ............................................... 40 5.11 Bibliography .............................................. 40 5.12 Further reading ............................................ 40 5.13 External links ............................................. 41 6 Flexible cable 42 6.1 Construction ............................................. 42 6.1.1 Stranding in layers ...................................... 42 6.1.2 Stranding in bundles ..................................... 43 6.2 References .............................................. 43 7 Multicore cable 44 8 Ribbon cable 45 8.1 History ................................................ 45 8.2 Color-coding ............................................. 45 8.3 Sizes ................................................. 46 8.4 Connectors .............................................. 46 8.4.1 Interference .......................................... 46 8.4.2 Impedance .......................................... 47 8.4.3 Proper Usage ......................................... 47 iv CONTENTS 8.5 See also ................................................ 47 8.6 References .............................................. 47 9 Shielded cable 48 9.1 Signal cables ............................................. 48 9.1.1 Applications .......................................... 48 9.2 Power cables ............................................. 49 9.3 References .............................................. 49 9.4 External links ............................................. 49 10 Submersible pump 50 10.1 History ................................................ 50 10.2 Working principle ........................................... 50 10.3 Applications .............................................. 50 10.4 Use in oil wells ............................................ 51 10.5 Cables ................................................. 51 10.6 See also ................................................ 52 10.7 References ............................................... 52 10.8 External links ............................................. 52 11 Twinaxial cabling 53 11.1 Legacy applications .......................................... 53 11.1.1 IBM .............................................. 53 11.1.2 NEC ............................................. 54 11.1.3 MIL-STD-1553 ........................................ 54 11.2 Current applications .......................................... 54 11.2.1 SFP+ Direct-Attach Copper (10GSFP+Cu) ......................... 54 11.2.2 100 Gbit Ethernet ...................................... 54 11.2.3 SATA 3.0 cables ....................................... 54 11.2.4 DisplayPort .......................................... 55 11.2.5 MIL-STD-1553 ........................................ 55 11.3 See also ................................................ 55 11.4 References ............................................... 55 11.5 External links ............................................. 55 12 Twin-lead 56 12.1 Characteristics and uses ........................................ 56 12.2 How it works ............................................. 56 12.3 Ladder line .............................................. 57 12.4 Impedance matching ......................................... 57 12.5 Characteristic impedance ....................................... 57 12.6 Antennas ............................................... 58 12.7 References ............................................... 58 CONTENTS v 13
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