4. Investigation Results of Each Organization and Country (FY 2009-2012 Reports, Integrated and Revised) 4.1 Codex Alimentarius Commission・・・106 4.2 Japan・・・128 4.3 Republic of Korea・・・152 4.4 People’s Republic of China・・・181 4.5 Republic of Indonesia・・・218 4.6 Republic of Singapore・・・255 4.7 Kingdom of Thailand・・・276 4.8 Republic of the Philippines・・・301 4.9 Socialist Republic of Vietnam・・・322 4.10 Malaysia・・・349 - 105 - Legal Framework on Foods and Food Additives in the East Asia 4.1 Codex Alimentarius Commision Commodity Standards developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission For defining the contents of "Food Standards", Commodity Standards developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission1, which could be commonly accepted by member countries, were used in this report as a standard. 1. ELABORATION OF CODEX COMMODITY STANDARDS Figure 1 shows relationship between Commodity Standards and General Standards in Codex texts. Codex Alimentarius Commission has two types of functionally classified committees; Commodity Committees which deal with Commodity Standards, and General Subject Committees which deal with general subjects horizontally applied to overall foods. Standards developed by the Commodity Committee should be reviewed for overall foods and be approved by General Subject Committees. For the format for commodity standards, requirements for description of items consisting standards, relations to General Subject Committees, method of elaboration of Commodity Standards are defined in detail in Codex Procedural Manual, 20th Edition2. 2. CODEX COMMODITY STANDARDS As of October 2012, Codex Alimentarius Commission has defined commodity standards for 212 food items and local standards for 13 food items3 presented in Table 1. These standards (Table 1) are relatively inconvenient to overview the status of each standard against overall standards since standard numbers in the Table were assigned generally according to the year of issued in the original version. On the other hand, ANNEX B in General Standards for Food Additives4 (GSFA) presents Food Category System (FCS) which is used to develop standards for use of food additives and describes 1 Codex Alimentarius Commission is an intergovernmental body established in 1963 by FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and WHO (World Health Organization) to implement the joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. Its purpose is protecting the health of consumers and ensuring fair practices in the food trade through development of international food standards. Food standards developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission are intended to harmonize food standards worldwide under the multilateral trade agreement. http://www.codexalimentarius.org/ 2 ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/Publications/ProcManuals/Manual_20e.pdf 3 http://www.codexalimentarius.net/web/standard_list.do?lang=en 4 http://www.codexalimentarius.net/gsfaonline/docs/CXS_192e.pdf - 106 - individual category items. ANNEX C provides cross-reference list between the FCS and developed commodity food standards. These are more useful to overview the overall standards. Table2 shows ANNEX B and Table 3 provides cross-reference list between the FCS and commodity standards shown in ANNEX C. Elaboration of Codex Commodity Standards*1 Format for Codex Endorsement by Commodity Standards General Subject Committee Name of the Standard Food Additives (GSFA *2 Scope ) Description Contaminant and Toxin (GSCTFF *3 ) Essential Composition Pesticide Residues (MRLs ) and Quality Factor Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food (MRLs) Food Additives *4 Contaminant Food Hygiene (GPFH and other relevant Text) Hygiene Food Labelling (GSLPF *5 and other relevant Text) Weights and Measures Labelling Methods of Analysis and Sampling (RMAS*6 and other relevant Text) Methods of Analysis and Sampling *1 Procedural Manual : Section III Elaboration of Codex Standards and Related Text *2 Codex Stan 192-1995 General Standard for Food Additives *3 Codex Stan 193-1995 General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods and Feeds *4 CAC/RCP1-1969 General Principles of Food Hygiene *5 Codex Stan 1-1985 General Standards for the Labelling of Prepackaged Foods *6 Recommended Methods of Analysis and Sampling Fi gure 1: Commodity Standards developed by Codex Alimentarius Commission - 107 - Table 1: List of Codex Commodity Standard Stan Year of Foods Title No. Adoption Standard for Processed General Standard for the Cereal-Based Foods for 74 1981 1 Labelling of Prepackaged 1985 Infants and Young Foods Children Standard for Canned Standard for Quick Frozen 3 1981 75 1981 Salmon Peaches 12 Standard for Honey 1981 Standard for Quick Frozen 76 1981 Standard for Preserved Bilberries 13 1981 Tomatoes Standard for Quick Frozen 77 1981 Standard for Canned Spinach 17 1981 Applesauce Standard for Canned Fruit 78 1981 Standard for Edible Fats Cocktail 19 and Oils not Covered by 1981 86 Standard for Cocoa Butter 1981 Individual Standards 87 Standard for Chocolate 1981 Standard for Olive Oils 33 1981 88 Standard for Corned Beef 1981 and Olive Pomace Oils Standard for Luncheon 89 1981 Standard for Quick Frozen Meat 36 Finfish, Eviscerated or 1981 Standard for Canned Crab 90 1981 Uneviscerated Meat Standard for Canned Standard for Quick Frozen 37 1981 92 1981 Shrimps or Prawns Shrimps or Prawns Standard for Edible Fungi Standard for Sardines and 38 1981 94 1981 and Fungus Products Sardine-Type Products Standard for Dried Edible Standard for Quick Frozen 39 1981 95 1981 Fungi Lobsters Standard for Fresh Standard for Cooked 40R 1981 96 1981 Fungus "Chanterelle" Cured Ham Standard for Quick Frozen 41 1981 Standard for Cooked Peas 97 1981 Cured Pork Shoulder Standard for Canned Standard for Cooked 42 1981 98 1981 Pineapple Cured Chopped Meat Standard for Quick Frozen Standard for Canned 52 1981 99 1981 Strawberries Tropical Fruit Salad Standard for Special Standard for Quick Frozen 103 1981 53 Dietary Foods with 1981 Blueberries Low-Sodium Content Standard for Quick Frozen Standard for Processed 104 1981 57 1981 Leek Tomato Concentrates Standard for Cocoa Standard for Canned 60 1981 powders (cocoas) and dry Raspberries 105 1981 mixtures of cocoa and Standard for Canned 61 1981 sugars Pears General Standard for Standard for Canned 106 1983 62 1981 Irradiated Foods Strawberries General Standard for the 66 Standard for Table Olives 1981 Labelling of Food 107 1981 67 Standard for Raisins 1981 Additives when sold as Standard for Quick Frozen 69 1981 such Raspberries Standard for Natural Standard for Canned Tuna 108 1981 70 1981 Mineral Waters and Bonito Standard for Quick Frozen 110 1981 Standard for Infant Broccoli Formula and Formulas for Standard for Quick Frozen 72 1981 111 1981 Special Medical Purposes Cauliflower Intended for Infants Standard for Quick Frozen 112 1981 73 Standard for Canned Baby 1981 Brussels Sprouts - 108 - Standard for Quick Frozen Minced Fish Flesh 113 1981 Green and Wax Beans Standard for Quick Frozen Standard for Quick Frozen 114 1981 Fish Sticks (Fish Fingers), French Fried Potatoes 166 Fish Portions and Fish 1989 Standard for Pickled 115 1981 Fillets - Breaded or in Cucumbers Batter Standard for Bouillons and 117 1981 Standard for Salted Fish Consommés and Dried Salted Fish of 167 1989 Standard for Foods for the Gadidae Family of Special Dietary Use for Fishes 118 1981 Persons Intolerant to Standard for Whole and Gluten 169 Decorticated Pearl Millet 1989 Standard for Canned Grains 119 1981 Finfish Standard for Pearl Millet 170 1989 Standard for Dried Flour 130 1981 Apricots Standard for Certain 171 1989 Standard for Unshelled Pulses 131 1981 Pistachio Nuts Standard for Sorghum 172 1989 Standard for Quick Frozen Grains 132 1981 Whole Kernel Corn Standard for Sorghum 173 1989 Standard for Quick Frozen Flour 133 1981 Corn-on-the-Cob General Standard for Standard for Quick Frozen 174 Vegetable Protein 1989 140 1983 Carrots Products Standard for Cocoa Standard for Soy Protein 175 1989 (Cacao) Mass Products 141 1983 (Cocoa/Chocolate Liquor) Standard for Edible 176 1989 and Cocoa Cake Cassava Flour 143 Standard for Dates 1985 Standard for Grated 177 1991 Standard for Canned Desiccated Coconut 145 Chestnuts and Chestnut 1985 Standard for Durum Purée 178 Wheat Semolina and 1991 General Standard for Durum Wheat Flour Labelling of and Claims for Standard for Labelling of 146 1985 Prepackaged Foods for 180 and Claims for Foods for 1991 Special Dietary Use Special Medical Purposes Standard for Food Grade Standard for Formula 150 1985 Salt 181 Foods for Use in Weight 1991 151 Standard for Gari 1985 Control Diets 152 Standard for Wheat Flour 1985 182 Standard for Pineapple 1993 153 Standard for Maize (Corn) 1985 183 Standard for Papaya 1993 Standard for Whole Maize 184 Standard for Mangoes 1993 154 1985 (Corn) Meal 185 Standard for Nopal 1993 Standard for Degermed 186 Standard for Prickly Pear 1993 155 Maize (Corn) Meal and 1985 187 Standard for Carambola 1993 Maize (Corn) Grits 188 Standard for Baby Corn 1993 Standard for Follow-up 156 1987 Standard for Dried Shark formula 189 1993 Fins Standard for Canned 159 1987 General Standard for Mangoes 190 1995 Quick Frozen Fish Fillets Standard for Mango 160 1987 Standard for Quick Frozen Chutney 191 1995 Raw Squid Standard for Wheat 163 1987 General Standard for Food Protein Products 192 1995 Additives Standard for Quick Frozen General Standard for Blocks of Fish Fillets, 165 1989 193 Contaminants and Toxins 1995 Minced Fish Flesh and in Food and Feed Mixtures of Fillets and - 109 - Standard for Litchi Standard for Cape 196 1995