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Jbtsvolume 4 | Issue 1 Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTSVOLUME 4 | ISSUE 1 1 A Biblical Theology of the Israelite Monarchy Eugene H. Merrill 26 Monarchy in Judges: Positive or Negative? Mary L. Conway 42 The Role of the Philistines in the Establishment of the Israelite Monarchy Andrew E. Steinmann 54 Isaiah 7:12–16 — Cutting Down the Davidic Tree: Pivotal Point in the Israelite Monarchy Peter J. Gentry 55 King Hezekiah in Isaiah Paul R. Raabe 82 The Future David of Psalm 101: Davidic Hope Sustained in Book IV of the Psalter David ‘Gunner’ Gundersen 113 Individual versus Collective Retribution in the Chronicler’s Ideology of Exile Gary Edward Schnittjer 133 Book Reviews Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies JBTS is published online at www.jbtsonline.org and in print through EXECUTIVE EDITORS FOR JBTS 4.1 Pickwick Publications, an Imprint of Wipf and Stock Publishers Daniel S. Diffey (Grand Canyon University) 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA David “Gunner” Gundersen (Bridgepoint Bible Church) SPECIAL BOOK REVIEW EDITOR FOR JBTS 4.1 Print ISSN 2572-2832 Casey Croy (Southern Baptist Theological Seminary) Online ISSN 2572-2859 EDITORS General Editor: Daniel S. Diffey (Grand Canyon University) Copyright © 2019 Grand Canyon University, College of Theology. All rights reserved. Managing Editor: Ryan A. Brandt (Grand Canyon University) Managing Editor: Justin L. McLendon (Grand Canyon University) Except for brief quotations in critical publications or reviews, no part of this book may ASSOCIATE EDITORS be reproduced in any manner without prior written permission from the publisher. Old Testament: Adam Howell (Boyce College) New Testament: Channing Crisler (Anderson University) Philosophical and Theological Studies: Joshua Farris (Houston Baptist University) Write: Permissions, Wipf and Stock Publishers, 199 West 8th Avenue, Suite 3, Eugene, OR 97401, USA BOOK REVIEW EDITORS Church History and Historical Theology: Chad Brand (Oklahoma Baptist University) Christianity and Culture: Rodolfo Galvan Estrada III (LABI College) The Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies (JBTS) is a peer reviewed academic Ministry and Pastoral Theology: Justin McLendon (Grand Canyon University) journal focused on the fields of Bible and Theology from an inter-denominational New Testament: Luke Hoselton (Grand Canyon University) Old Testament: Adam Howell (Boyce College) point of view. The journal is comprised of an editorial board of scholars that Philosophy, Ethics, and Apologetics: Roger Turner (Walters State Community College) represent several academic institutions throughout the world. JBTS is concerned Philosophy of Religion and Analytic Theology: J. T. Turner (Fuller Theological Seminary) Systematic and Philosophical Theology: Joanna Leidenhag (University of Edinburgh) with presenting high level original scholarship in an approachable way. PRODUCTION AND DESIGN Production Editor: Dawn Juhas Academic journals are often written by scholars for other scholars. They are technical Production Editor: Matt McCormick in nature, assuming a robust knowledge of the field. There are fewer journals that Graphic Designer: Diana Cheek seek to introduce biblical and theological scholarship that is also accessible to EDITORIAL BOARD students. JBTS seeks to provide high-level scholarship and research to both scholars Paul Allen (Concordia University, Montreal, Canada) and students, which results in original scholarship that is readable and accessible. Uche Anizor (Talbot School of Theology, Biola University) Benjamin Blackwell (Houston Baptist University) Simon Burton (University of Warsaw) As an inter-denominational journal, JBTS is broadly evangelical. We accept Byron G. Curtis (Geneva College) Dan DeWitt (Cedarville University) contributions in all theological disciplines from any evangelical perspective. In Matthew Emerson (Oklahoma Baptist University) particular, we encourage articles and book reviews within the fields of Old Testament, Kevin Giles (Retired Scholar, Melbourne, Australia) J. R. Gilhooly (Cedarville University) New Testament, Biblical Theology, Church History, Systematic Theology, Practical Steven Guest (South Asia Institute of Advanced Christian Studies) Theology, Philosophical Theology, Philosophy, and Ethics. Please see the guidelines Greg Lanier (Reformed Theological Seminary, Orlando, FL) for submission at jbtsonline.org. David R. Maxwell (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) Clinton Ohlers (Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) Paul Raabe (Concordia Seminary, St. Louis, MO) Since JBTS is a broadly evangelical journal there will often be a variety of views that John Mark N. Reynolds (The Saint Constantine School and King’s College) Dave Schreiner (Indiana Wesleyan University) are represented that align with the evangelical Christian faith within each journal Bethany Sollereder (University of Oxford) issue. The views expressed by contributors are not necessarily the views of the Owen Strachan (Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) Brad D. Strawn (Fuller Theological Seminary) editors or the institutions that they represent. Daniel von Wachter (International Academy of Philosophy, Gamprin, Liechtenstein) [JBTS 4.1 (2019): 1–25] A Biblical Theology of the Israelite Monarchy EUGENE H. MERRILL Eugene H. Merrill is Distinguished Professor of Old Testament Studies (Emeritus) Dallas Theological Seminary Abstract: In undertaking a comprehensive Biblical theology, one must take account of each and every aspect of the biblical message and from the accumulated data distill its fundamental concepts and concerns, looking for a central theme if one exists. At the very opening of the sacred text and in the first recorded statement of God about mankind, he speaks of the purpose of his creation: “Be fruitful, multiply, and have dominion over all things” (Genesis 1:26-28). That mandate was never rescinded and the Israelite Monarchy was one of its most significant expressions. Key Words: Israel, Israelite Monarchy, Kingship, David Foreword If nothing else, the Bible is a theological treatise originating in the mind of God, revealed to and through the prophets and apostles, and made available to the Church. As such, no part of it, canonically speaking, is non-theological nor is any one of its literary genres intended in the end to communicate anything but theology. This includes the historical books and the events they describe, including, of course, the era of Israel’s monarchy. To ‘do’ theology of a part of the canon, one must view it as an integral part of the whole without the opportunity to do the whole. Our desire and prayer is that this brief study will be read and examined in light of the entire canonical revelation.1 Defense of ‘Monarchy’ as a Theological Theme By ‘theme’ in biblical theology is meant a notion or concept that is readably observable, easily understood, and intuitively sensed to be appropriate to the discipline. Many works on the subject fail in one or more of these respects. To a great extent the criteria are determined by such features as (1) the ‘space’ allocated to it in the Bible; that is, to what extent is it the subject matter of Scripture?; (2) how pervasively is it identified and carried throughout the various writings of the Bible?; (3) is there a perceptible 1. For a more thorough discussion of this author’s theological method, see Eugene H. Merrill, Everlasting Dominion: A Theology of the Old Testament (Nashville: B&H Publishing Group, 2006), 28-33. 1 Journal of Biblical and Theological Studies 4.1 Eugene H. Merrill: A Biblical Theology of the Israelite Monarchy sense of its organic nature, its development from a germination to a full-grown body The Lord then expanded on the notion of “working” the ground by planting a garden of truth that informs all its parts and is informed by them as well?; (4) does it reach a in Eden in which he placed the man (Genesis 28-17). As though to communicate to climactic point where the creative and salvific purposes of God from the beginning him the marvels of self-sustenance, God made the soil burst forth with plants both have been realized in history and in the eschatological age? Proposed themes that beautiful to see (flowers?) and good to eat (v. 9). Man’s emulation of these agricultural lack one or more of these should foster concern as to whether the theologian has techniques released him from utter helplessness and taught him what dominion over adequately made a case for whatever central ideas he or she might be promoting to “all things” might mean. He too could “create” plants, though not by spoken word as see if their works are indeed credible and persuasive. A legitimate question can now had the Lord, but by arduous, fulfilling, labor. then be raised: Does the topic “Monarchy of Israel” pass muster?2 Only the reading The labor consisted of two stages: to “work” the ground and to “watch over” it can supply an answer.3 (Genesis 2:15). The first, “to work,”8 intimates bringing soil under control, as it were, through breaking up the ground and making it subservient. “To watch over”9 was to manage, guard, and cultivate it once it had been properly prepared by cultivation. Monarchy in the Ancient Near East and in Israel The agricultural language became translated to kingdom responsibility in due course, As Religious/Political Institutions4 the working being the preparation for monarchy, and the watching over to kingly responsibility for maintaining the Creation plan of dominion over all things for the Creation: The Origin of Israelite Kingship glory of God. Two examples of the preparation of mankind to be the image of God are (1) The concept of kingship or monarchy or dominion was accepted world-wide the uniqueness of the bestowal upon him of life and (2) its result contrasted to except, it seemed, in Israel. But this is a misreading of the sacred record. Words that of lower beings. The text in great detail specifies that God “breathed into his like “dominion,” “rule,” and the like occur first at the very beginning, in Genesis 1: nostrils the breath of life10 and [he] became a living being” (Gen 2:7). This tender 26-28, even before mankind was created.
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